The Nonpartisan Leader Newspaper, April 19, 1917, Page 11

~ o1 12 earning to Do Thzfigs Well eSS S e S = EAR me, I don't know what to cook.” “How can I pre- pare a luncheon for the un- expected guest?”’ ‘What shall -1 cook for a sick child?” are questions which are usu- ally easily and satisfactorily settled by the domestic science girls. The ever- present problem of preparing three meals a day means much work and thought to us housewives—present and prospective. Recently I had the pleasure of din- ing with the junior domestic science girls of the North Dakota Agricultural college who served a buffet luncheon to twenty-seven guests. They had full charge of everything—the marketing, the preparation and the serving. The question of quantity is, of course, de- pendent upon the number of guests to be served. The menu consisted of moulded sal- mon with cucumber sauce, cheese bis- cuits, mosaic sandwiches, Normandy ice cream with marshmallow sauce, caramel cake, opera caramels and cof- fee. This is a delicious, satisfying, well “balanced luncheon. Serving it as a buffet luncheon makes it much more informal, less work all around and a perfectly splendid chance to get well acquainted. Passing around the table, plate in hang, filling it with the tempt- ing Yiands before us and seating our- selves comfortably, we were ready to partake of the repast. THINGS TO BE LEARNED Having the good fortune to see the girls at work in the laboratory, I saw - many interesting practical things which are an inspiration to any one. The order of doing things, the exact meas- urement of each ingredient, the spirit of helpfulness and comradery, the One of the domestic science girls at work. cleanliness, the washing and putting away of the cooking utensils—all these are some of the things the girls are really doing. Having everything nearly ready we went to the dining room: to see the last finishing touches of everything before the guests arrived. They serve a luncheon every Wednesday during the greater part of the school year and have a chance to have a variety of dif- ferent types of - luncheons, such as Hallow-een, Thanksgiving, Christmas, New Years day, St. Valentine and any particular occasion they see fit to have. On these special occasions particular attention is given to the minutest de- tail to get a general, harmonious effect, . cultivating a love of the beautiful and artistic in the every day, common things. How truly some one has said art is the beautiful way of doing things =T IIHIIII]IIIIH'II'H" Il o 4 P N I = Easier and Better Housework Taught by Farm Girls and when we know the fundamentals of a task, drudgery ceases. = - IN DEMAND AS TEACHERS The four-year domestic science course includes the chemistry of foods, dietetics, physiology and many other practical things too numerous to men- tion. The four-year course girls are in great demand as domestic science teachers in high schools, and the young men of today are wide awake to the fact that a good domestic science girl usually makes the best kind of a pal and a real helpmate. Besides the weekly luncheons, the girls occasionally take charge of the large dining room where things are done on a large scale. They look after all of the marketing and cooking food for a day, cafeteria style. This gives them practical experience in handlmg Some of the things the girls do at the agricultural college. Just right to give one a good appetite. any kind of a crowd as well as the fam- ily circle. All kinds of folks are con- sidered, that is the girls are taught how to prepare dainty, wholesome food for the working man, the professional man, the sick, the convalescent and the habies. LESSONS IN SEWING After luncheon we were shown the sewing room where the girls are taught the rudiments of sewing. This includes cutting and fitting, planning and se- lecting styles for various kinds of fig- ures. Here too, attention is given to harmony of color combinations, etc, One of the most important things in this department is the study of textiles, This includes chemical tests of silk, wool and cotton goods. Talks are given on the wearing quality of different kinds of silk, wool and cotton; also the various weaves of same as to light and heavy weight, etc. Too much credit can not be given to the efficient, faithful, pleasant in- structors who are showing our girls to be .practical, well-balanced women who will go out into the world well equipped to do their part. The best part of co-education and vocational training is that the students have a chance to find themselves, which really means success. Doing the things we like the best spells happiness and happi- ness is the keynote to geod citizenship. For the Boys and Girls — Musical Instruments LL kinds of horns were used in Europe during the Middle Ages. A serious drawback to the playing of some of these # trumpets or horns, was that they were very long. In some way peo- ple found out that bending or folding the tube would not make any difference in the sound. ' Gradually people dis- covered they could roll up a tube as many times as they chose, without changing the tone in the least. -The usefulness of this discovery is two-fold: in the first place, the in- strument became more convenient to handle and would occupy less space. In the second place it was possible to make the tube very long in order to obtain a longer succession of notes. Players on brass instruments can not possibly pull their tubes to pieces to be able to get high notes and then put them together again. “Overblowing” or altering the shape of the lips, they can send a thinner stream of air through the tube which answers the same purpose as making the tube smaller. The smaller the instrument, the higher will be the note. This changing of the lips enables the player to blow a great variety of notes. In brass instruments there are great jumps between tones, so several con- trivances have been invented to fill in the missing notes. The oldest of these is the slide which we still see in the trombone. Another way of changing a tone is by “stopping,” .that is placing the hand over the bell or wide end.' The newest invention for filling doors The newest invention for filling in the missing notes is the valve. They are little doors that go half way across the .tube inside and are managed by buttons on the outside. The French has the softest, purest tone of all the brass instruments. The tone of the trombone is solemn and dignified. The bass brasses have terrible voices. They are the most warlike and frightening instruments we - have left. Our great composers have shown us that they are useful and even beautiful in their proper places. Generally speaking, the brass-wind instruments are all loud and harsh and should be heard in the open air. Drums taught' us rhythm’ and horns and trumpets taught us pitch. HOW THE FLUTE WAS MADE Time- passed on and our ancient friends were still experimenting to find out all they could to produce soft, sweet tones. The flute by which our” Indians first did their courting was made of the bone of a .turkey’s leg. Similar little bone whistles have been dug up in France and England. Some of .them have holes bored in the sides. By covering the hole with his finger he could blow a different note from the one which sounded when the hole was left open. The more sound-holes he bored, the more notes he had, so at last he had an instrument that could play a tune. Before the discovery of the bored sound-holes, primitive man used to take several pipes of different lengths, ~bind them together, forming a “pan- pipe.” We have seen the pictures of the god Pan blowing such a pipe. Thus our ancestors made the very first organ the rude beginning of the grand instrument, the pipe organ, in our churches. These little bundles of pipes have been used by savages in different parts of the world. By them and by the single pipe with sound-holes, our savage learned. to play a tune or melo- dy. PIPES OF PAN Among the Greeks, the pan-pipes were used by the shepherds only. Some clever Greek discovered a way of plac- ,of blowing into them. ing bellows under a pan-pipe, and so vibrating the air in the pipes instead The Highland- ers of Scotland and some peasants of other European countries still use some such an arrangement and call it “bag pipes.” Various kinds of flutes were used during the Middle Ages. The newest kind of wood-instrument is the clarinet. It is not more than two hundred years old. Tt has a vibrating reed in the mouthpiece; this is a broad single reed which gives it a different tone. All the wood-winds have had sound-holes- ever since the first man bored a hole in his bone whistle. The wood-wind instruments are superior to the brasses because there are not so many “jumps” between the notes to be filled in, so they have no slides or valves. The clarinet has the sweetest, richest voice of all the wood-winds. (Concluded next week.) Some Ideas of a Cauntry Woman HAVE given considerable thought to the article written by Mrs. Francis in the Febru- ary 22 issue of the Leader, and hoping that some others would express their views. I am glad the subject was brought up for I think it one of the most important and neg- lected topics in our schools, especially the rural schools. _ The great essential in a successful school is co-operation between teacher and parents and the first law of school is order and without it school is a failure and in order to have order, the teacher must have power to command it 'We should unselfishly consider. _ this subject from three points of view, the pupils, the teacher’'s and the parents’. I take observations from ac- tual exerience in each case, I received my education in the schools of Towa, where at that time, there were no laws restricting corporal punishment, and I do not recall a sin- gle instance where the teacher abused his or her right or used brutal force, although I admit it does happen in very rare instances. I attribute this to the fact that the children were subject to the teacher’'s rule and knew it was within his power to command, hence their minds were content td"follow in ' the channels where they should be in- stead of, as in the case of Mrs. Francis .relates, trying to do something hate- ful to make the teacher “wrathy.” I wonder how many of the readers of this article would agree with Mrs. Francis that these boys were not to blame for their conduct. I am sure no sensible mother could be proud of her boy that would utter J# even think of such hideous shortcoming for their’ teacher whom they should be taught ELEVEN at home to respect and obey. It is possible this particular teacher was at fault, if so it was the duty of the par- ents to go to him about it instead of encouraging the boys to oppose au- thority. This is sure to agitate rather than remedy the difficulty. By the time I entered the public schools as a teacher, such a law ag Mrs. Francis proposed had been enact- ed. Our governor has taken a job, and is handicapped by the first primary right, yet he could proceed to carry out the program if his subjects were not unruly. He has one class of “boys” that say:. ‘“We don’t have to be good, the old constitution says so.” Therea fore the League principles lie undevel- oped; waiting for power to command, ‘Well I found I had taken a job, a lot of responsibility, a lot of pupils with as many - different dispositions and in- clinations and a lot of mothers to please, without the right to enfroce the first law, But in all my six years’ experience I never encountered a single case where a child could not be won, after he had been “showed.” -~ By observation I think you will agree with me that the most successful schools are those where the parents co-operate with the teacher, and where the best order is maintained the teacher is most respected by the pupils, Yours in the best interests of our children, the future men and women of our state. MRS. J. R. LEONARD. To make cottage cheese quickly pour boiling water into a bowl of clabbered milk, drain well and season to taste. To remove inkstains from the fine gers, rub them with a slightly moisten= ed match, I