The Nonpartisan Leader Newspaper, March 16, 1916, Page 17

- I 'well. 'We can tell you of hundreds g —consultation free. BY J. W. BLISS, STATE ENGINEER In the course of the duties of his office the state engineer has heen asked a great many questions con- cerning the use of conerete for con- struction purposes on farms, particu- larly regarding its use when skilled concrete workers are not available, and as to the liability of failures. In reply he would say that the use of concrete for construction purposes on farms is indeed successful, and that when a few rules are strictly fol- lowed excellent results can be obtain- ed, even though skilled labor is not available. Further, if farmers and others would take time to become familiat with such rules before at- tempting to do any concrete work, failures practically would never occur. He therefore submits the following brief instructions concerning the es- sentials of good concrete, which if strictly observed will insure satis- factory results: FREEZING WEATHER Concrete work should never be at- tempted during freezing weather un- less it is feasible to keep, the concrete warm until it has secured a thorough set. Generally speaking, it should not be attempted during freezing weather. AGGREGATES TO BE USED The sand, stone, and gravel usual- ly found upon the farms of this state are ‘generally suitable for concrete construction, previded the following precautions are taken: . 1. These aggregates must be free from vegetable matter, dirt, or other foreign substances. : . When using bank-run gravel, the sand must be separated from the stone or pebbles by screening through @ %-inch screen. 3. In small concrete structures such as fence posts, etc., the coarse aggre- gate (crushed rock or gravel) should range in size from %-inch to %-inch For larger work, such as silos, barn floors, ordinary foundations, etc., coarse aggregate should range from 1% inches to %-inch. 4. The sand used should be coarse, P COOPERATION IN KANSAS Howa successful cooperation has Broven in other places than North akota is shown in a brief outline of the .move by farmers at Kingsdown, Kansas, who overcame the .greatest difficulties laid in their way by old line companies, and now own a splen- did steel and concrete elevator, hav- ing a capacity of 30,000 bushels of - grain. The story is supplied by W. ‘W. Gibbons, manager of the Kings- down Cooperative Equity exchanges as follows: “The fight here was brought about by three old line houses which were buying the grain at 3 to 5 cents be- low prices being paid at stations each side of us, where the farmers had their own elevators. We organized here as an equity exchange and tried to buy one one of the old line houses. “We were asked $7500 for old sheds, and the farmers in order to .get in had to virtually buy their way from the railroad company, and it cost us $725 in trackage and switch charges to get the switch extended 300 feet. ‘We built a modern steel and concrete house. “The result was that we had a mar- ket all season from 1 to 3 cents higher than other stations, and 5 to 7 cents higher that it had been the ear before.. We are doing a nice usiness, and could have doné much more but for the car shortage.” The wonderful success of Chiropractic has opened the eyes cof the world. Diseases considered in- curable are cured v citis, gall-stones. constipation, backache, headache. pneumonia,’ heart or kidney disease, diseases of i} women, paralysis, we can make you'| of cases given up 2s incurable that # this science has cured. ~ Investigate hard, and clean, and graded from %- inch to fine, with the larger size pre- dominating. Use great care in hand mixing. It is economical to buy a small machine mixer if the farmer 7, intends to use concrete in large quantities. 1. Proper methods when concrete is mixed by hand, using a two-bag batch of 1:2:4 proportions, are as follows: Size of measuring box for sand THE NONPARTISAN LEADER How to Prepare Concrete HAND MIXING should be 2 feet square by 1 foot high, ient. thus containing 4 cubic feet. 2. Load sand in° wheelbarows and wheel onto mixing board. 3. Fill sand-measuring box, lift box, and spread sand 4 inches thick over board. 5. Turn the sand and cement over until thoroughly mixed, so that no streaks of cement or sand appear. 6. Spread the mixture of sand and cement out carefully, place measur- e S P QUANTITIES OF MATERIAL FOR ONE CUBIC YARD OF RAMMED CONCRETE or four times. pebbles. the State Engineer ing box beside it, and fill twice with stone or gravel, then empty onto sand and cement mixture and mix thor- oughly. Add about three-quarters of re- quired amount of water slowly and evenly, at the same time mixing the mass. 8. Continue mixing, adding balance of water when dry spots appear, until whole mass has been turned over three This should be suffic- After final turning shovel into compact mass ready for wheeling to place. BANK-RUN GRAVEL Bank-run gravel is sometimes used as it comes from the bank. This is wrong, as no two places in a bank will have the same proportions of sand and It is, therefore, always es- sential when using bank-run material to screen the sand from the gravel and remix in the proper proportions. (Table from Taylor and Thompson, “Reinforced Concrete.”) PERCENTAGE OF VoIns IN BROKEN STONE OR GRAVEL Advice for Farmers by ProPORTIONS —_— BY PARTS 50 Per Cent.* 45 Per Cent.t 40 Per Cent.$ | ce Ce- Co- { Ce- Sand, | Stone, ‘ Sand, | Stone, Sand, | Stone, mont | S%d(Btonel ment, | LRI, | Do | ment. 'Cu. Vi Cu-yd.| ment. cu?nf&.,cf Va. b S y el 1 2 | 3.57 i 1.06 | 3.37 e 1.00 | 3.20 ois 17098 1 Z ) ] Lo 2.60 2 1.16 | 2.45 % 1.09 1 12 3 | 181|054 080 174|052 0.77 | 1.67 | 0.50 | 0.74 1.2 4 | 1.58 | 0.47 | 0.94 | 1.51 | 0.45 | 0.89 | 1.44 | 0.43 | 0.85 1 (24| 5 1.24 | 0.46 | 0.92 | 1.18 | 0.44 | 0.87 1.31 | 0.48 | 0.97 * Use 50 per cent. columns for broken stone gcreened to uniform size. 1 Use 45 per cent. columns for average conditions and for broken stone with dust screened out. 1 Use 40 per cent. wlm for gravel or mixed stone and gravel, SEVENTEEN No Pretense. “You don't seem to taka our gagement seriously.” en« “Of course not. If Y had I would not have engaged myself to you.’— Wisconsin State Journal. tdodofecderfe oo fodoolirofoods e oo Ask for Little Sioux Biscuit resh, Krisp Packed in an “Aertite” Moisture Proof Package MANCHESTER BISCUIT CO. Fargo, North Dakota. Watch Us Grow sfecdordeodeoded PRPRQPdPofodedobd Pl & Against the BE PREPARED s e STUDY LAW IN YOUR SPARE TIME, in your own school, on terms to suit. WHO IS IT that makes the fight to defeat every measure of reform on behalf of the farmers? The Lawyer. WHO IS IT that conducts the legislative farce that results in tragedy for the farmers? The Lawyer. WHO IS IT that ‘makes the fight for the Bankers on some technicality of the law when you lose your home? The Lawyer. . - Do Not Blame the Lawyer But prepare to defend yourself and your class by study of the law. The Farmers of North Dakota are organized, but they lack the trained minds and the skill to meet the foe on the legal field. Everywhere there is a crying need for men and women to fill this gap in the ranks of the farmers. p WHAT SOME OF OUR STU tunities. “I have never been interested in a study that seemed to be so fascinating and attractive, The method of instruction employed, makes me feel that I am getting a better education in the way I pursue’it, than I could at some resident school.” “TI' think your Law Course is the very thing I wanted and needed, I am just finishing up the subject of Criminal Law and Procedure, and find that the’ study is not so dry or irksome as one would think,"” “Your Law Course is all your Department has claimed it to be. The Course has done wonders for me, and I am sure it will do the same for any man or woman, who will devote a ‘little of their spare time to it.” 3 . “I am now in the sixth week of the study of Contracts, and am making progress. The study of law, as outlined in your Course is beneficial in many ways. It helps one to reason logically, . grasp details quicker, and makes one stronger intellectually, and I can recommend it to anyone interested.” : “I have great regard for the men who made the Law Course by correspondence -possible. There are a great many men and women in the United States desirous of studying law, but their circumstanges are such that they are not able to go to school. Through your Law Course, they can gain the knowledge, also pursue their voca- tion. I have '‘no words that will praise your Law Course too highly,” " Names and addresses of above are in our files, Not a dollar Not a Minute For Profit. Every Dollar Every Minute for education in your own school. On your own terms, at the cost of the service, by the best Legal talent. Clip the Coupon. DO It Now. day, and the *Course Study Law. Tt offers you big oppor- DENTS SAY: “I am highly satisfied with the Law Course to date. Have been a student since last February. Have attained grades ranging from 90 te 97. 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