The New-York Tribune Newspaper, July 30, 1866, Page 9

NEW-YORK . L2 AGRICULTURAL. prom o “peclal Coftesponduie Ausvrw, N. Y., July 20, 1860 This has been another grest ticld day—greater in some pupoots thaa yosterday, though, es@ picture, Dot 8o re- markable owing to the surroundings. There it was the \wae goldon center, surrounded with grass and trees, ficlds ‘and fonces, animated by the army of men and beests, and euliysnsd by tho musio of the reaping machines; whilo Bace tha scone lacks the whest fiold ont-#pread upon the Niliside, for this is 8 mowing day, and the scene of opera woos (s upon the farm of Edward Munson, at Benuet's Sation, 14 8 lowiand meadow, sometimes overflowed, snd sontaining adout 20 scres of short fine grass, intorsporsed wilh the usual varioty of plants nuturai to such land, with yome olumps of bushies, and un oecasional shade tree. Tho purfaos, though generally lovel, Los little hollows mad furrows gouged out, and some lo ules, and & wacioty of sharp angles along the brook to try the oapacity of the raowers in handling their muchives. of the groand too waa soft, and never had been machive-mowed, and tn places {t was covered with 8 mat of old mass, cluol ers with drift Jeaves, sticks and chips. In ehort, 9 8pot was seleoted 1o try mowing machipes. Severo as tho test Lus bean, none have failed. 1f they fo bushes 13 the way, if not larger than my ghumb, thov did not tarn wside, bl Gut them off, They showed 100 that gruss can ¥ out na close toa fence, creek, clump of b wound treos, as it is ;{rnouhy cut with 8 seythe. . the day has bLecu one of great 1guing h for - T show that this iz not due to any one of washines, T will give the names of all p s opaeations of the day. 1. 1ho New-Yorker, Seymour, Morgan & Allon, Brock. port, N_Y.; the samo machine used yesterduy in wheat, simply Ataohing the self-raking apparatus, reel and plat- form is & one-whoel machine, aud compared with ome has an svkward appe e, as the drivers | et I8 moro elevated than any other. It is wlso muther | , bt works well in grain and grass. 2end 3. Two of Wheeler's Cayugs Chiefs, made at Au vory substantinl, good, and justly popular machines, d mowers, o Mower, Dow & Fowler, 18 maching bas & dexible bar, coy 7y unoven surfates. Jts peculic ared, giving the kuives o vory r 4t poise, and, in my opiuion, lis pLoces. . Cayrga Chief. Two ot Dodge & Btovenso icular style ticipating in framo wclin denominated in the Bl tat Tkt setnts somb N Te b folki Bowary, iis & good, substeutial, 1ron ) loh Las gone through sl the wsts of this trin ay € D M Osborno's Kirby Mower, a one-wheal machive, oy 00 tly mede, and the mmmber mat awturol 2 exonc popular “Ttm rakes,” and vpon the whole none of Ao ors bave done botter work and 10. Two of the Symcuse [Mubbard mnchines. v Soms aro substastial and well mede; have performed & mirdbly, but e not so popular with fariers as so ot wrts. 00 of the objections is tot applicable in_mowing sch o woadow a8 the present. It would bo decided r.; able in cutting timothy grass, for in all the wo Bevo avor seen porformed by these machines, whother ng, they the @ of timoihy to mow it It wonld be hot) t—8 groat Wany persons say e by E. F. Herrin ! Wo mowar, w6 of the b 12. Twe Eagle mower, not Rondont, as printed in theNi: 1% Another of Whesler's Cayuga Ol oll olroums'aaces, have given general satisfaction, aud gilouarty 80 tosday in,this fine grass. 14 Tis Rlode Jsland Clipper. This is one of the e sompa b ilt machines in the whole lot, ax mirsdiy overywheze, It has one quality which would mowers —aud Ar reaner wmuidad it very highly to me—it is the ‘stillest running maohioe [ evor saw. It makes less noise while at work lon framie, and n fraane; built in Auburn, and both good 16, Dodgo waohino, though I prafer, not only in this, but in all {wo- whon! u.rchines, the wooden frame. 17. The Buckey $eno, and about as dood it is dufficult ¢ wtlinos for mo to_commend weal far e, but I can truthfally say tha I@ovac have heard of & single dissatisfied gun Laser of one of this vaciety of mowers or reapers. All its work, except wif-aigog, has been highly eatisfactory here, and that will ho in future, 28 [ hear that the manufacturer is e abing for Johnson's patent rake. Asa *‘ dropper the nokos o worked beantifully, laying the grain in handsome govols. Assmower | have seenitin all kinds of gruss, Nad oovor saw a il of frame Buckeye, AT bhave o ahara s true of yet 1 prefér the wood frame. 19. Anather of Wood's machines, of whieh no one has . cids but those which are commendatory. | merican or Marsh ma:hine, builf by Hallidar, | This worked fint ra rticnlerly the ruke, %%, aad passebiy well to-dsy. W owever, one of tho atill sort. 2. J 6 Mamsh, s 1 torm and ] ¥ Clief, Lowisburg, Penn. 1y wi plet ® the sams machine, 1 oI, whiok I comm: the with the en ole lot # well d ila o icad might bave bee: -th's shop. . Allen’s Pony Clipper. 1 on torse manhine, I can heartily corfm wotios. It iy extremely compact, runs still, works cos wd ouie & handsome ewath. %. Whider's Enreka, With al) duference to the inge- ity of Mr. Wilber, I am oonstreined to say that he is ot yot ontitled to uso that word. This mackive, it may b romtiosted, T have before stated, is novel in 1 Wrastion. It is mounted upon two wi oss of » saall cart, b ward ofsthe exle, , for safety, ret be | borse’s hoels. 1ts Joad esulisrity direct action, sroldiog of all side Araft, But as some o ior than tbis ome, and do the wod e fast, T am not ablo to seo wherein tie iny Rls onr o'aims grest advanteges. In snch Jight grase ox 1his, thaco is 0o Dhjection to one home welking in th o gnas, aud she quality of the work compe Ml its competitors. - Yet, i I wes ghout t Amowiag machine, it vnuld not Le the Al the machines I have named, Wuristion of prase and gronnd in th ntas of spoed likely over to be eppliod by & fuiner, & Beligrs a1l 18 present were perfectly satistied with the k quite T80 :hty M&vufl. Of the different ma-tines, each kind \ Its advocates—those made st Avburn baviog the | pumber, as & matter of conrse, In this the Kithy | :-u"- load, the manufacturer, D. M, Oshorne, l.umnc Boea sminontly succsstul in satisfricg the furmers wit #good imy t both for reaping ard mowing, the we- wanioal tion of which is_as faultless es anytbing offared. Lie only objection 1 have ever beard agaifst C'm" is, that “it in & one-wheeled mechine.’ ludel in niso #ed not only a two- 4radds materiall) oven_upon gmooth ground with a ina connty which probably contoins more rmnhu wiiy other in the Ktate, It wi Wmn m-bszm% 'o! elren dring this Tumber of mdwingwackines into one AMbough not quite so picturesyue us the reaping- oo witich I described yesterday, I think it is one which il novar bo forgotton by those presents When ths tnteres; of this scene was at it highest point along the rails which skirt the fleld, y some of the passergers, that 28 scon 4 ot potnt, tho pictarowas one of uosurpassed Leaus | kg in, as it did, at s glauce, the farm-Louse, brns, i «auth-. felde, brsok, road, fecen, treet r. ), Lents, carriages, crowd of people, e woveinent and music of machines, ell combinod, klag, or, o picture worth 8 jonrney across the Wulant 1o beboid, snd one which is never Lkely to be W viow tn tho ifotime of one e o8 of the ground wowed by all the machines was d carefolly axamined by tHe" Committee, as well Commitioe of the Whble," without de of the work. I beligye ap oqual n P4 mackines, of differsnt make, and {rom various rors, have never before been eollected; prob- e will 1100 the toste that all have bean by o will sg1)3y the public wherein one is superior .;‘". sud ronder suck amother eXsuiralion urDeces: T - oy of Soiag i ff, i o 9 1: by proy 0 aunoally can onclugively that 16 furmer who cats afford 1o do without & 5o sbould heve tho best, not only Lub ong that is lesst liable to got - 6 an advantege Lo use such lachinew '.-nwh d be immediate vigiuity, ou account Pavsmtently o lieing broken perta. Mok aatielod that & resper 8 of eny advantsge to & 1t 0 8o B Jarge Cue, und every lurge funner Bars Lot 5 ma ver aod roaper. 1 cannot recommend o8, although such bave worked well Bome yhich are so epled roquire s tool-chiest 19 wake m clange. dove to-day With ¢ %}nn-onh‘l oy rake,” which 1 gommend t all who 9 MWMMNMIEQN o sot- i bo set po we 10 make long nww«mh. spring, as ouch he leswening the I:dnpw"qm. ,tha cowt 18 $40 in furmers to £se buch & rake wots n?"‘m' troubleso: | the self rakera | bors had it, I would hi | machine will be | NEW as chlori ture below Great Britain, | heating the junction of two dissimilar metals, thermo-elee- Ata quick movement, or upon very sof v b e Sy castor-wheel 09 it would to do el the work of I 1Le pessagy “)'?’...’Ef’?.‘:.‘ é"".‘.{'. 'y ,', 1t is the e 100 traL n sel of A St et exnsion, 7 e o 87l gt syt ks s v ines ve named, testia hein % y tar, Matee! , o | :0 dmulmn 'what, were thely most | th¢ stmesphere. an Sisertion hn 'WhEh they base thelr obje 'taults, or which showod the most good points | tionslo the theory of spontaneous generation.” Bat if the recommend i1 10 the sttention of fasmers, the lookers. | $4mo specimen of mice be placed st & uon-reflscting and 9o wod then treeted To 8 soeme which most of thewm | 9PAG5E $90POTt, aad ezamined by e e e il sorae b ae fo witaess aguin, Twenty-one mArLines | G0, 008 Gu T e mipatent piie porton of il the wore startad, gue aftor the other round ihe field, ench | ojjection oo the surface, Wil be sem With tho most perfect o the rute of over su acre eu hour, and each | Jiictness. Upon this fact we hae proceeded again and by & pair of Lomes, the best that could be selected | again, i the attempt to discern & snglo one of the so-cailod but bitherto without succoss. By this mode, first, and sesond quits shallow, and then rako the. '°u.5,h.k' with s steel toothed rake, and gatber and burn the 1793 Saturday, July 21,—This is the last of the ten days av voted to field work—the last of twd weeks of intensa heat and hard work in 8 good eause—the cnuse of agricu!tural improvement. The purposo of the Stato aud the offic of the Agricultural Society has been to promol ests of ffrmers—not machine manufacturers. mittee have labored Lard, with the honest purpose of de; termining what were the dofects of mowers and reapers, and which cluss have resched the highest state of perfec- tion. W hatever of Llama of delay or waste of time, by which pertios have been kept longer than they expected in expense and in ensponse, all must unitein awarding to the Committco the highest mark of credit for honesty of pur- pose—for @ continuation o ect with impartial justice to Wl men. Nothiug but & sense of duty aud high responi- bility vould have procured the services of some of the gon- tlemen who have ex themaelves to ardaous field labor in #ome of the hottest wenther ever nsrriencfld‘ We have had to encounter heat, dust, (hirst and fatigue, and part of the time the commissary depertment in the field was deficient. For the past three days, the boun- toous tables of Mr. Sheldon and Mr. Mauson have given such satisfaction as to entitle thom to honorablo raentlon. The work, too, has proceeded with much more regularity and speed, and given much more genoral satisfaction. To<iay the reapers have been tried in a field of rye and one of Licavy ba: part of it badly l.aui.;lod, and upon un- ovon ground. The fact was elicited that some of the rakes would lay the barley in perfect gavels, yet spread the rye 50 badly that the owaer of the ficld requested that they might be Withdrawn., This was the case with those with three arms and a rake, working from & rake seat upon DAILY TRIBUNE,” MONDAY, SULY 3, ISW—TRIPLE SHEET. A TRIP TO COLORADO. V.~THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS AND DENVER From Our Svecial Correspondent. Dexven, C. T., June 19, 188, From Hedingor's Lake to Denver a new cut-off has recently been made, shortening the distance about 20 miles. Oura was the last coach which passed over ths old road, the stations and stock being taken up behind us, and trausforred across the country to their new positions. The road from Cheyenne Wells to Denveris thus abr!4ged by 40 miles, waking tho entire Jietadce from Fort Riley to the latter pisce 400 miles. When the stations are shortened to an average of 10 or 12 miles, and the rosd as well stocked as it should be, the trip can easily bo made in thres days. By that time, the tmins on the Pacifio Railroad will be running to Fort Riley, and 24 bours more will bring the traveler to St. Louis. 1 will not recapitulate our bruises during the night, but rather pass at onoe to the sparkling morning which broke upon us while crossing tho divide Letween the Big Sandy und tho first tributary of tho Platte. Iu the foreground strotclied & range of greon, grassy hills, dotted with pas- turing antelope and crested with scattered groves of pline; high above aud fur bey®nd tham towered the keen, shining wedges of the Rocky Mountains. Pike's Peak, in the south, was apparently near at band, although 70 miles ono side of the platform, as in one of Osborue's aud one of Dodge’s machives. ‘T'he Buckeye Droppers, both Adriance’s and Au'tman’s, worked admirably ia the barley ficld, It must be remom= bered, however, {hat a droppor must be followed by & man with a barley-fork, to lay tho gavels aside belvre the reaper can follow ita track arou ain, If it was not for this diflicully, droppers would sede all other styles, 28 the whole additional weight to a mowing-machive of all the dropping apparatus is scarce'y 20 pouuds. Droppors popular in England, where wen to bindare plenty p. They are ulso beginning to be popular upon the great whoat farms st the West. Contrasted with such & givut, cumbersome, noisy self-rakor s Brinkerhofs, which followed them, T should suppose they wor 2 win favor. Indeed I'find an almost uaiversal fe fuvor of the macek that make the least noise. t bo mistaken for traveling t wers. “Ihis Brinkerhoff macking is one of this would not bave it upon my farm, and if ove of him to earry it out of b he could) of ull sick and nervous poopls. ‘Ilicre eral others not mueh better. I Lope the Committee, in their report, will make a list designated as ** the noi clage.” 1 lay it down as a rule that 1o iutolerably Loisy duiable one. After witnessing the resping of to-day, President Gould | onud some othors went out to give a carefu! cxsmitation | of the several lots mowed and markes to sec 1 | what defects, if any, wero exhibited e rking. woald a'so examine the stubble of the wheat, rye sud bar ley. Other members. wera eugaged thie afternoon, and on Monday, in & minute exawinstion of sll rts of dissecied woehw inmometer tests gre 8ill progres<ing, and are o v b [t g ere in the field n to ble when ootaplote one evor coustructed report of the Comr re mowers, and t bo the most perfes 1 e the whol as t v auds 1 sident, thet if it can_bo finished, so sed ot the fair of the Btate Agricultaral Seciety | 1 Raratoga, S mber 11-14,§ ey of the most attr tu f L SCIENCF - LUIES IN PHYAIOS A TRUM ANALYSIE—NEW MICROSCOPIC ELECTRICITY FROM HEAT—WHEATSTONE'S BAT- TERY —THE SPHYMOGRAPH—RATLWAT OARS SELP- HEATING. SivrLe Mone oF Osramis: Sops rrow Cowvos SALT.~Tbe ordinary procoss used for this purpose is cxpen- sive. One far move simple aud eco: een recently discovered. 1t covsists in pumplrg the carbonie acid ob, tained by tronsmission of atmospberic air through iguited fae! inio & mixture of which contaius oae equivslent of com- m one equivalent of earbunate of meguesia, and & wmall tv of whter, and hes beci placed in a vessel cap #bie of resisting the required preseure. ‘Lne chauges whioh occur wre very ensily undorstood. Thetearbonaic of ms nesia becomes bicarbonate aud dissolves in the water. - Ll bicarbonste of magnesia decomposes tho obloride of sodium, chloride of magnesis which remains io 6o solution, ad bic. { sods which precipitates, beiog the restlt at will eff the second action of earbonio & te of soda echanging it to carbonate. The but about a quarter of au nod the mployed can be used over apd over agsin, sinee it covered by evaporatlng the solution coutaining it to dryuees, and raising the reaidus to a tempern- redgess. Bcveu bundred (bousand tons of soda, worth about five willions steillug, are sunually cousumed ia MsCo | From HeAT, CONVERTIMLITY OF | ity will afford us light and Lest, so heat | « metals will give us electzicity. Siuce Sce- . found that an electric ourrent was generated by ELECTRYT1 —If elect; trioiey was sisaply & large abstraot addition to to oar kno: edge without practical valae uutil Nobill found that the thermo- electric pile, conected with & galvameter, was a fhermometer of wonderful delicacy. But it is now mscertained that it | primsry valze as & source of dynamic electricity, was wholly undeveloped. Our readers are of cotres aware that the ter. | mo-electiie cut: | cut is due to 8 diference in temperature between the two opposite faces of the elements of the pil Marens of Vierna was the first to obtaiu the electric spark. Fe covstrucied n powerful therwo-oleetrio 1y from an tel, of copper, Einc, nickel; and | sivo sud bismuth, thowlements u! were so arranged that their lower junciions could o5 jots, while the upier were cooic by he ‘electro motor force of oue of thows t 1.35 of & Bewsen cell. Six of them sufilcient 1o de ompose water rapidiy aod melt a fine b The conversion of the hest into elcctricity wi act that the water used for coollng the upper » conples wes mueh more rapidly v armed, when | ker thun when closed. ~More recem © s constricied astrong chrowo elcctric 1ty elemenis, copnecting the term nt spark was obteined and plat & decompared snd electro-plating done., 5 obtained fmom & small volielo combiea- | witk ease. The elcetro motor fore of | equs! to twowf Daniels' ceils, Thess recent | 1 to sbow 1hat (hezmo-eleciricity is destined than it Bas bit ancy of the current will be one of the chief s 13 fte favor. Li udimille, thero-slectric bat- 2ight be erected over the country, end estrap—tinaily ; Into mecaical motioa and ihus fulo money—the bize, which would ve as wind o the salls of the d o the dosert. o clectrio battery: can sun through wires to Calre; and The futme must snswer, Lot A not e disheartened by auticipated destitution of Deat from the exkanetion of ber cod fields. Oviranovs GENERATION OF ANIMALCULZE—NEW TreTIy or 1UE MiCRoscOre.~A lamina of ruby-colored mien Isiog where impressions yielling peonads are piaced, + au extremely atteouated fllm of sppa- #tance, the ccutinuity of which wil be sSFaptedly very fine particles of apparently | | of Pactaur, ith the powers of the microscop we have but thot any single ovrum if exsting ia the atmosple; and they depfllgz!, o indefinite uinutences, could bo read- Iy distinguisked. We cousider Pactaur's wseumption to be and w doabt cut by any ground of support. AppiTIONAL SUPPOSITION RrLaTING TO OZONE.— 1 Platinum black is introducec futo s strong sclution ef chlorine in water, the latter will i decomdosed, bydrocklorie #cid being formed and oxygen ewlved. Bchonbein supposes that the platizam decomposes, th solution of chlorine being sold and oxygen, the latter being ! g ey I pabis of rematulog in evolved hecauss fof its becoming incapal combination ou sccount of its owwing o bo ozone. metal Las the same cffect; it is certas azouized oxygen as & temperature of 32° Fulrenbest, rondering it incapable of acting (odi:éd starch paper. A SUBSTITUTE FOB THE "/IMR IN THE DRUMMOND LiGHT.—A plece of the chloride of nagnesia is placed upon s support of retert oarbon in the oxybylrogn flame. The chlor- 16 decomposes and leaves a spongy oxide, which is raised to ;n:t;fl;«'\::w and Fvu avery brillhnt 10 the Lime light ia briliancy and exesds AuA¥O81S AND Loss 0¥ MEXORY. yenars of observatiol persos 0an coutinne to CONSUDE hacco without thelr visio ,‘.::‘.' w’lnn are 1w okers, he urges. who may sist th iheess, bai the perai ut the Y7 themselves, (smcke) daily twenty gram- n or memory becoming im- el Munm“«’“ o ous ure however, nous the less slow in 1w aniiesting eortain. RaiL Cans Hea A uew Leat ganerator rlages, contlsts of & cone & Jollow cone of copper, both inclosed ia & metallio vessel, fon 18 ed into the car- h““:l”o:“ u’l" :'h'n' wotion 'fl,lnl:: his heat ; turned by a foroe aqual S et 0. the spparsius bad & of 1P, gouts seom fooredible. One, ht, which is equal | travel. in active power. | yvoiiow arc of the mountains, governing the entrances of ~Twenty-eight | gome balf-e-dozen different canons, aad overlooking a belt n have oonvisoel Dr. Litchel that few | of farming land, Lough | & stagnation, T¥p BY THEIR OWN MOTION.— | fogh discoveries of gold, silver, copper and lead are 1 adupted to the heatisg of rallway ear- | yude every dav, wages are #0 high that many « of wood covered with hemp, Within |} co b oq forcod to suspend business until the agric:! e | under such discournging circumstances, solid wor of the salts of Ma- | yyept away by the inundation in & milljon timesite welght | ¢wice burned; ten millons, u rose ploki Ih | yarconres with the East distant. Long's Peak, in the north-west, resembled an Alpine horn in fits sharp, abrupt cutline; and between these two farthest outposts of the snowy range arose maay & nameless yot beautiful summit, The character of the scencry Lind completely changed since ths preceding sun- sot, 1 was charmed ont of all sonse of fatigue, all feeling of discomfort, except that of hunger. At Recd’s Springs, we obtaincd our last ** square meal,” with the inevitable baoon, for & doliar and & half. Thence- forth, our rosd led ovor the high divides between the Beaver, Bijou aud Kiowas Creeks, oli of which flow north- ward tothe Platts, Tho countryis grandly adapted to grazing, aud all the bottom-lands ace capsble of being farmed, The pine along the ridges is of but moderate growth, but it will, no doubt, become better and more abundant with protection. A wew flora here met ue, The cactus, with ita showy crimson and golden blossoras, be- come scarce. 1 found s splendid euchroma, with & 8] of pure flsme-color, great quantities of & wild voteh, with soms, aud & thick growth of purple lupins. The rass was quite different from that on the plains, and many portiens of these s would furnish large quantities of wild bay, At some of tho stations along the Smoky Hill, the men have mowing-machives, with whick they harvest o full Winter supply for their stock. Tho view of the Rocky Mountains frow the divide near Kiowa Creek is considered one of the finest in Colorado, From the Lroezy ridze, betweer. seattored groups of pim you look upon 150 miles of the snowy raoge, 3 | Baugre do Cristo to the spurs away tovard Larsmic, In variety and harony of form, in effect aguinst the dark: blue sky, in breadth and grandeur, I know no erfernal picture of the Alps which can be placed bosido it. If you could take away tho yalley of the Kboue ead unite the | Al s of Savoy with the Bernese Osecdand, you might ob- o idea of this view o Rocky Mg o8 I 1 a name- Pik vould then represent the Jungfm less gnowy giamg in frant of you Mon te s, sud Lozg's Peak Mont B The altitudes very neacly corrospond, and there is a cortain sim!larity in theforme The average | Might of the Rocky Mounts the Midday was istonsely saltzy, wit expe We took a sty dies and then made our slow way, with po ridges to Cherry Creek, whick we stroek abon® 10 1 , surpasses that of ced above Deuver. Up to this foint wo had fonnd no sottle ment, exeept two or thres grazing rauch 1 ride Qown Cherry Creek, through sand and dot on the banks of the muddy stream, was most tiresome et of the overland journey, Mile o ile went slowly lg, aud still thore was no sign of cultivation, At Iast, four 1 "'i from the town wo reached & neat little tavern, beside whick'prew some cottonwoods. Here there wore two or three runches in the process of establishmant. The water fromtho well ver, toad cola. Our next sign of life was the evidence o7 It ~the ua- fenced cemetery of Dhnver, oa the top of thy ridge. | looked ahead, from tiwe to time, but could see neither horse, tree, fence or other aigr of Lal !ty My fellow - passengers had been loud fu their praises of (he place, and | 1 therefore said nothing. Suddenly I perceliad, thseugn the dust, s stately square Gothic towor, and rubbed my eves with sense of incredulity. Tt was really tiue, tiore was the tower, built of brick, wel!-proportioned and pie- taresque, Dwellings and cottages rose over the dip of the | ridge, on either side; brick blocks beg to appear, ond | presently we were rolling through gay, animatad stroets, down the vistas of which the suowy renges ia the west were shining fairly in the setting sun. The coseh dr up at the Pacific Hotel, where I found a hearty welcome aud good quarters, and in just four days and six hours from Fort Riley 1 1, not to 8 “*square meal,” but to an excellent supper. “The two days which have since elapsed have givea e 8 good superficial sequaintance with the plice, Finst, lat me say thnt the views which have appeared in the {flus. trated papers are simply caricatures. Tustead of boinga | cluster of houses on a flat plain, with a range of el mountains in the distance and Pike's Peak standing alone in the center thercof, it is built upou a gredual siope, rising eastward from the junction of C Croek with the Platte. inthe Mississippi Valley. The Methodist Church snd Seminary, the Banks and principal business houses, solidly constructed of brick (the former edifice with considersble architectural beauty), give the place an uir of permaunence, very surprising to one who has just arrived from the East. Beyond the Platte the 1and rises with agentle, gradual slope, to the buse of the Rocky Mountains, 12 miles dis- tant, and there is no part of the town which does not ford o view of the great range. Long’s Peak, more than 15,000 feet in hight, just fills the vista of the principal business street. Pike's Peak is fur to the left, overlooking the head of the Cherry Creek Valley; consequently, s view of Denver, in which it is made the prowinent fea- ture, does not correctly repregent the place, Although business of all kinds is extreordinarily dull at present, and the people are therefore as much dispirited as Colorado nature will admit, Denver scems to me to have very brisk and lively sir. A number of substantial build- ings are going up, there is constaut movement in tho streets, the hotels are crowded, aud the people one meets are brimful of chieerful energy. The stores and ware- houses are thoroughly stocked, and prices are lower” than one would expeet, considering the tedious and expensive land traneportation. At the Pacitic Hotel you pay $4 per day—no more than in New-York, sod an equally good tablo. Thers may not be such an_excessive bill of fare, but 1 could distinguish no difference in the cooking. Vegetablos in the market are plenty and cheap, sud appear to be of remarkably fine quality. T'he drynoss of the climate and occasional extremes of cold in Winter appear to me to be the principal drawbacks, Near the mouth of Cherry Creek there is a grove of ven able cottonwoods, and perhaps a dozen othier specimens are dispersed singly through the lower partof the town. At- tempts are now being made to colonize this tree—which makes & greon apot, ugly though it be—around the houses in the higher streets, and with a fair prospect of sucoess. The milk, cream and butter from the adjoining farms are Detter thaa they are in most of the Western States, Veui- son and antolope are sbundaut, and canned fruits supply the want of fresh, Thao situation of Denveris well selected. Wereit nearer {o the mountains, it would furnish a more convenient de- pOt of supplies for the Clear Creek mining region, but it would not concentrate, as now, so many radiatiog lines of It lies, spparently, in the center of the chord of & 50 miles by 10 in dimensions. Its prospetity, of course, deponds on the activity of mining operations in the mountains. Thore is at present oecasioned principally by the epormous price of labor. Although the new metbods of reduction promise & mich grester production of the procions metals, and | " I3 ios ot home snd the gradual approach of the 1 .ic Raliroad sball have brought prices down. Tshould estimate the population of Deuver at about 6,000, Probably no town in the country ever grew up or has mude more rogress in the same length of time. It was once y of Cherry Creek; once or threatened with Secession; cut off from in by Indian outbreaks; depnvod of 3 wians vagsion of g aagioinaied geda by 0 wary wsdo | sud ieft the uttorances to dis: curags in tation This I'brary is in groat part repros A every yoar in the addre of our public me Dhe Globe many be called 8 rossus of it in parts. ‘Thore 19 no plagiarist 8o great as an | orator. But # dozen or so of his wmodels have live Demosthenes, Cicors, Cato, Chatbam, Mirabess, Web- | hese afe the men, the rest are the mmics. The Cougre al Librwry ] Oxte o 0w almost completed | United Btates. { the Frene N sight 1 valid without such deposition, ny outrageously for its mater'als and snppliss and alt within seven yoars! I wos interested in noticing how attached the inhabit suts are to theplace. Nearly every ano who had recently beon East seomed refoiced 1o return. Even ladies forgets the preater luxuries and refincments of the Atlantic coast, when they see the Rocky Mountsins onee more. The peoplo look upon this glorious Alpine view as one of the properties of the town. Every street opons (in one direo- tion, st least,) npon it, aiid the everiug drives along the Platto or over tLe flowering ridges become s beautifal as ony in the world, whion the long line of enowy peaks flash down brighter gold tLan over was unpacked from their vains. ‘Thero are o mannfactorioz as yet, exeept o brick-ysed a5d two flour-mills—the latter driven by water-power. A good gray building stoas is found sbout four miles off. ‘Ihe timber is all brought fron the mountatns, which, L fear, aro iu o fair way to become disforested. Coal, how- over, is coming into general use a3 fuel, several mines hav- ing already been opened in tha neighborhood. It resem- bles the brown coal of Germany, burns frecly, and is said to produce & great amount of gas, Gen. Pierce, the Sur- voyor-Gianeral, considers tho coal-bed of the Rocky Moun- taing ono of the largest in the world, Along the Bmoky Hill thero ars iudications of aa uninterrupted supply all tho way to Kansas, I findmyself constantly returning to the point which 3y eyos seck, with unwearied interest, whenever I lift them from the paper, Ever since my arrival I have boen studying the mouutains. Thoir beauty and graddour grew upon me with every hour of my stay. . None of the illus- trationa accompanying tho reports of exploration, avd other Government documoen‘s, give any distinet ides of their variety aad harmony of forms. Nowhero distorted or grotesquo in outline, never monotoneus, lovely in coloz and ntmn:p! erio effect, I may rocall some mountain-chaing which ejual, but noune which surpass them. KFrom this point thore appeara to bo thres tolerably distinet rangos. The firet rises from 2,000 to 3,000 fost above the level of it is clovon asunder by the canons of tho streams, streaked with dark lines of pino, which feathier ite summits, and sunyy with stoep slopos of pas ture. Scme distance behind it appears a second. range of nearly double the hight, more irregular in its massss, and of & darl, volvety, violet huo, Beyoud, lesuing ageinst Lo eky, are the sucwy poaks, noarly all of which are from 15,000 to 15,000 faot above tho see. Thess three chnins, with their varying but naver discordant undulations, are o8 fospiving o the imagination as they are enchanting to tho eve, They hint of concealod grandeurs in ali the glens and parks among therm, and yet Lold you back withs o doubt whother they can be more beautiful nesr at band thaa when belield ot this d'stance, to p o To-noreew 1 shall move nearer their basss BT — SHONAL LIBHABY. THUE (ONGRES L pubsdl Sahsanan A SKETCH OF THE BOOC-MEN OF CONGRESS=—HOW OUR PATLIOTIC SPERCHRS ARE PREPARED, WastNGTos, July Li, 1346, osily and wonderful front of the Cupitol faces away Washington . City; but "the quictest and coolest face of the baliding fs that whick overiooks the shady grounds st the hesd of Peansyivanis-ave, sud of s, (he very ccater 18 tho Library Kall, omprises muck of the building of the original tly overhanging it, » the most venerablo Court, the old Tlouse, The most aln cap tol; the majestic iron dome and close to ity intenior entmace | sud historic e 1d hera o Thoiwa efors goiug to b Niag. further sy dosk, ani by the ¢ r yetn o and gointng s ed of the methods of the Maste: Omtors whio had passed the faver of statesmanship EonCrons o which sro filling eyen tavse sew. | corridors, » place ag i the cotlactions of the ! wortd. [t Bins now Lot 150,000 voluraes, with exproity | for 50,000 volumes yot vhboug! | RISTORY 7 THE LITRARIE 4n 1802 an act of Cong permitted the py rth of books for of the two Hi Yuly 5,000 volumes stood in the library wion the British od the Capitol in 1815, Then Thowmas Joflerson, being i ned clrenmstanoss, offered to sell pove 7.000 hooks to the United S 9 wore appraised at $26,000, and paid for jn b ‘To thes transaction the Fe onal grounds, yuade 8 stout opposit. Jefterson was vot the hnflng‘)unuw conntry, but was well adapied o lawy nd to such pleasaut smetter of m: s a8 Jeflerson loved to intulge in. No one conspicioas donation of books was ever recoived from a orivate indivedual, and the general yearly appropriation or the purchiase of books coatinued o be from $1,000 to $2,000 8 year. Now and then the Dntish Musewn and W Bibhiatleque [mperial: seut 8 package of Choir owu publications to fte shelves; but in 1861 a defective flue cansed a fire to break into the library, aud of the 55,000 volumes thero asscmbled but 20,000 were saved. The firewen, with 4 traditional disregard for ietters, in- troduced a bose into the Lbrary, aud wet evorything from Josephus to Kossuth. ‘The valuo of the books lost, mar ketubly, was probably §200 000, In 1862 the old llburé had been revuie, "—""0# the designs of Thomas U, Walters, at o cost of §22,000, entirely of fron. It was in 1852 that Cougress gove its only Lgcnl apj i 000}, sinece which time the oouunon sut dov o has been $7,000 & year, $50,000 will be asked for, to meet uceruing in- which: is as many dollars as tho British Muse- um anuvaily receives pounds. A recent act of Congross transferred to this place the 10,000 yolumies of the Swithse- atsn lustitute. THE EXTENSION. The two new wings have cost $160,000, Their ceilings, shelyes, walls, and foors are of solid wronght fron: Only the books are combustible, They increase four times the former capacity of the place, The ehelves have a uniform between them, and the bottom shelf, around the en- tire mmr“a practical, so that it can be removed to ndmit the great folios. There are three floors or stories in the main library, and four storics in the nma: these stories are common in each wing, but are gained from below bj In the main hall, which is the sout! front of the capitol, the architoctural decorations next the ceiling take up the fourth story’ o, all of which is utilized in the extensions, On’each floor there are 44 alcoyes for reado king upward of 140 in all. And there are, besides, tables in the new wings, which will make the library sccommodate s many as JU0 readers at time. The ornsmentation of the library {s not unlike timt of the Astor Library, too oruate, possibly, in the maiu cor- ridor, but not glaringly so; while in the winge cai has been’ taken to subdue sil decorations toa econsi with the quiet and contew for whic is to be used. The r tes, Plato, and other worthies, which adorned the library some years sgo, were, bappily, Jest y the fire, ‘They were cheap, Thoy ¢ the library into an image vczxov'n shop, and Lrought into it big-booted edmirers, who disturbed tho readers. Ln respect to the matorial of the floor, the library is defective. Every step on the hard marble Jmmh the reader, while in the British Musoum the floors are of gutts percha, on which the wheels of chairs and the march of visitors is noiseless, The gildin, to which we have adverted os gaulbly out of keeping, wil bly be+found not tvo bright for the dask days of mngmn. when even the soul of Carlyle would be un- S THE LIPRARY nln"e'mn. Thero is probably no gontlemen in Awerics essing & more pnlpliml l!{owledge of books u.nl‘uthor?t‘l:u the ¢ Librarian of Congress, Mr. A.R. Spoftord of North-Festern Obfo, au appointee of Mr, Lincoln, One of his first labors has been the cateloguing of the books, a consciontious work which comprises 1, !;.gn He bus given s stimulus to the collection which has elready made it of credit throughont the country aad fureign - and it is to be hoped that in this case, at least, the one publio sévaut not subject to the rtisarship. The Congressional Library pow outnumbers in the guantit ( of its works any collec- nin Americs, Two hundred [ housand dollars dpent in colieeting books in Europe would make it so invaluable that the Capital City wouid soon become & resort for scholars of all specifications, Mr. Spofford has eight assistonts, and bis control of the Smithsonjan Library will place bim in correspondence with 1,500 learned socis eties in ol parts of Irope. With these there will be coustant exchanges of books sud pamphlets, Mr. 8pof ford is also resolved to see thet the copyright not, demand- ing n copy of avery printed book to be deposited 1 the Library, is aleo canled out to ite extrewity, No copy- two stairways ouly, sious, country will limitations of pai CURIOSITIES O §PRECH-MAKING, * T this librury come all the preparers of ** sel " apeochon thut they may iind wisdom and phirase. McDougall of Califoruin is & steady reades of Comte's Positive Pbileso- r. Deming, author of the famous Marlborough, | wnd (Hant speech, read 12 weoks hero to gelibip. Churlos Sumner reads iwore books then any other §anator and Represeutative; they are his messmates, (irata Brown is s close student of mental seionce and political philoso- phy. Jotm L. Baldwin and Mr. Edmunds of Vermont are witeptive roaders. Counoss of Califoruis eud, o few others never drew a book from t vt ‘e Siate Depariment hus volutes, sud frou thesw Mr, §aw, orgytus! hpugtilanm, (o it NEW YORK AND NORFOLK. —— TH® VARIOUS INFLUENCES OF TRADE [N THR OLD, AND KEW WORLD— THEIR TENDENCY TOWARD REW-YORK AS A NATURAL, CENTER—THE PACIFIC RAILROAD—NORFOLE OURFUTURK RIVAL ON THE ATLANTIO COAST — THE FUTURE OF 7THE OLD LOMINION. Tho physical geography of the continent, the trand- (g of the Atlantio Cosst from the Gulf of Mexico to the woath of the Hudson, the gemeral convergence of the Gieat Lakes in & sonth-esstwardly direction, the casiward defloction of the Mississippi, between the Gulf and Lake Superior, the flow of the Missouri to this extreme point of deflection, and he course of the Ohio to the same ceatral point of couflurnce of thess vast rivers, sl favor the sruth of the theory that, 0ot only has Now-York already become the commerclal center of tho Repubiic, bat that, pt some period in the futare, sho is destined to wield the commerelal scepter of the whole world. Thore are s bundred oizopmstances favoring this theory. The ever-lucreasiog latorcourse by sieam; the near compie- tio of telegraph communication botween tho billows of the Atlantlo; the openlng of trade with the East Indies, Chivs, Japao, through by caval from the Yevant tothe Gulfof Persla; the increasing fuoilities for resching the Baitie, the Croplan Bea, aad the fax Kast; the. Panama Railway ; the pro- posed ship caual aloug the valley of the Mississippis the speed coustruction of the Paclfic Rallway; the fmmonse wealih of our gold-yleld; and, last and groatest of all, the disenthralinent of the country from the witkering cures of Slavery; seem oal- culated to impress tho mind with the ides that the curreuts of commeroe around the globe are taking & central course in the midet of the northern temperate sone, aud that some city of the vatural advantages presented by Machattan Isiand fsto be tuo grand cmporiam of Jbe world's oit sud trade. New York is situsted in the midet of this great prodnciog belt of ths eartl, and more elcments ol cummercial power than any otber city. It is difficult to see why the world s cowmeroo should mueh longer par tribate to the em porinm of tle British Isles. Bplendidly sitasted as Loundon is, ahio 1a oat of the oenter of the great producing goue, whereinare found the ohief clemonts of subsistence and trade. The influcues which compols the flow of trado in her direction is an artificial ouo; and as the secpter of commerce passed from Amsierdan to Loucon, 40 must the latter, however reluctautly, yield it to her more youthful rival of the western bemisphere, This theory is a general ouo; bot. asido from it, there are considorations of a looal natere which confirm New-York as tho grent nxls of world-ciroling trade, and bid fair to secure for Ler a glorious futave, The enlargement of the Erie and Oswego Canal, aud the application of steam power to canal navigation, weald eecure to this city the oo of the great Lako Enslo, which would otherwise, to a cortain exient, pass down the 8¢, Lawreuce—though the inclemon: climate of Lower Canada favors the diversion of trade from that clver, throngh Take Champlain and the Oswego Csual, 10 the En pies City. In this direotion, at least, our supremacy is beycud adoabt, if & wise administration of the Btate Goverawent sl make our canals Wll-free, whomever ceoessary to prejent thio dives f trade from us. Togarding our constwite businegs, wo are cextainly insured agaigsh oompetiio W The interior trade which must pess o great rallways, and flow through the valieys of the i, tis Missourl and the Oklo, mnd their namorous fording an aggregate fulaud navigation of over £6,0% miles, renders cur commeroial attraction paramount to erery other, aad becomen yoarly wore irreaistible, taxing the cap!ial and enterprise of 120 whole country to give due course () the cowrents of tzade, Which, by & law.of commerco as sure watho law of gravitation, are oarrying to our wharyes the businesy of the entlre Republic. U0 this end the Obio River skould be improved, and would be. conld (he man who misrepresent the people fn Congrees, Inavc th petty strifes and cor-nptions of politios, sad, like etatomor, seek to promote the faterests of the countey. This mols of improvemont should consist of & Judicious system of wisz-Aams, without locks, combised with the plan of the la- monted Kilet. This would securs, at a trifling cost, a perma- weat chas trade, wifh & capacity, mavy times as great, ¢ tho Erie Caun! enlarged, from Cairo to Pittsburgh, , the Al'egbany could be made na openivg them. through the Gen- eows Valiey toRochester, & water line, so that boats could w Yoik to the Ohio River, without breaking ographical fexture, which seems most opposed 10 this geasral view, is the Mississippd opeving imto the Golf with au isterior navigation of wote than 20,000 miles. This might seem to designate New-Orleans, as the city, destined to eontrol the commorce of the valley of the ‘' Father of We But the tropleal climate of the Crescent City precludes the possibility of her becoming the commercial emporinm of the groat vallays, wo as to countersot the permauent ifluence of New-Xork. Before the », Now-York's wttractions, in a wommercial point of view, inverted the natural flow of the Missiaalppl, and wes fast sabjoortng the Whols interior o er imgerial sway; and even the definse of Now-Orleans inthe War of 1815 and bir ohle sommerelal strength in peace—the cotton bales—were seeu crowaing the decks of steamers up- ward beund to Cincinnat! and Pittaburgh; and they will soon make thelr way by raflway, from Memphis aud Cinciunati, vis Noitolk, to New-York. “Lho completion of the Pacific Railway will contribute fm- mensaly to the commerelal grandeur of the metropolls. If, in the far futare, the Atlantie add Pacific termini of this mighty artery of trade shoull bacome rivals for its beneflts, there is itle probability tiat such y would sericusly affeot our combived advantages. But & number of rivals will undoubted-~ Iy arisa tn the interior;‘St. Loals and Chicago wil! contest the trads of the grost railway, and thers will probab'y be & large number of lesses compotitors. So far as New-Yors is eon- cerued, however, it wili be a matter of little difereuce through which the greater part of it shall fow, inasmzch s they will all be tributary to ber, and pour fnte ber mighty lap their united volume. Our main Interest will be to provide against tho divorgonce of thess great currents to, the waters of the Missiseippl and the 8t. Lawre ‘Lie openlng of the water-line between Chicago atd the Misaissippl, and the canal around the Niagara Falls, are of groet importance, (n 1Ny conueontion, v Wew.Xark, 8o a8 facilitate the transportation cf merchandise sud produce tween the Hudson and the Mississipp!, and thus secure t0 Ler the low's sbare of the trade, which wil conceltrate upon Chicago, and keep it from passing down the 8t. Lawrence, Conwdering the vast amount of pork, focr aod other egricul. taral produots shipped from Chicago, and the growing tendency to direct importation. in all the great cities of the Weat, it be- oomes the policy of Now-York to spare no pains to open every facility for commercial intercourse wick thew, {0 prwvest the diversien of their trads {uto other channeia. The danger to New-York of losing thetrade of the West, whioh will accumulate et St, Louls, will be greater then from Chicego. Tho agricnitural producte, {ally, will be berne strongly down the Misslasippl to the Croscens City, for ex- portation to Europe, South Americs and tbe ‘West Iniese. To the merchants end abippers of New-York, thie is & most im. portant eubject, avd upoa their prodence and sagacity, o well s upon the natura! advaniages of New Yok, will depend Ler commercial greatuces. Baitimore and Philadelphin will be generous competitors for the trade of the Gireat West, the merchante of the metrop- olis.canzob be indifferent spectators of this riveldy, Tlere s alaw of trade, howsver, in favor of New-York in this competi- ton, Great marts of vocat trade mast Lo on the sea coest to sccommodate vessels of Leavy Lurden, and uot as fermerly, s Zar interior as could be navigated by veseels of Tnthis respact Philadeiphia end Baltimore suffer in compar. {500 with New.York, and oan vever have snfflolent depik of wator to accommodate large sea-golng vesaels. Tley are also severally nearer Now.Xork by great rallroads thas they ere fo the Atlantio, and are, therefore, both wore or less depecdent upon the Ewplie City for thelr travs-Atlantic commercial fn- tercourse. A glauce at t map of the United States wil skow tiat when once the greas ilues of cummunication between Norfolk and the Obio River stall have been opened, there wil Le through the heary of Virginia, the shortest and most direes route for the trade of the Great West, and that Norfolk will possesy greater natural advantages for that trade then either Baltimore or Philadelphia. This llue of communicetion be- tween the Atlantie st Norfolk and the Oblo River at Guyan- dotte will beof great importance to New-York, and cansot safoly be Tegarded with {ndifferonce by ber intelligens com- merclel men. The charsoteristics of this Virgiuia lize o3 which the hesviest-work was done before the was, may be presented by the followicg statistion: Prom Norfolk to the Obio River at Gvnyntoflo » From u»ya'mmu dowa the Oio to Ulneiunadl bs. tauce from Norfolk to Clacinnat! Ll e innast by the enusyivi 8 320 miles. Tom .,..r. of trade in the Missiasippl Valley, Cinolzmati and St Loals, by 90 t0 139 miles, than Now-York. Bas there ls some- thig of even greater importance to be eonpidered in this con. poction The raling grado on the Virginle line, from West to Tas, in the direotion of keavy trade, ia caly 30 feet to the mile; aud golog from East to Weat, 14 1s only 60 feet per mile. On the Penusylvania route, both wars 18 s 100 feet to the mile, On the Baltimore aud Ohlo routs, beth waye, L€ feet to the mile. o table of gr | ades {9 at band, bet 1t 1n Delieved t2at a loco, -m.uunumnmmmmmm over & grade of 30 fen to the mile, while over s grade of 116 Mtom-fllllvfllu‘umfluuul one-fifth of thad amonnt. 1a’ether words, an epgine of & glven powsr would Su rom s o 0o g o Mparaglood evet g Virele ~ e find that Norfolk is nearer to the great oen- |, - § AMA BAFAR ’ Sl ds climats of the Virginia line, by reason of fts emplion from ite and snow, hus & decided advantage n? 11070 nortora lines, ‘e Harbor of N bevitg fone feot greater water than evea New.York Buy, gives to u:”uuw:". enos over Daltimore or Puilidelphia as o shipping portes Westorn produce thenoe to No#-York, fof is will bs abvus the same distamce from the latter city as Philadelphia, and 909 miles pearer thaa Baltimore by water Xreight from New-York to Cinotanat], via the cutside wales line to Philadelpbis, aud theave by raliway, is much less it is Ly the continuons railrosd lims. 1f this be truo of this ronte to Ciacinasti, mueh more will it be true of the rute Norfolk, buth bocause of the better barbor of Norfoik ada ting sea-golng vessels of the largest aizo, and more because of the easter grades of the Virginis Raillwey. Bat & few momeata reflectionwill, therefore, eonvinos obsczver thet Norfolk is destined to become the through which the Bmpire City will stretok her erm to grany o lazgs share of hor trade with the great West. y THE FUIURR OF NEW-YOKK. . Not ooly as » gateway o New-York will Norfolk - Ler commercial futerest in openivg the best with Cineinnati, bus tho same is trus in respoet to all the gesall centersof trade in the Mississippi Valley, Indesd, this re mark may inelade, also, Chicago and Cleveland, each of whishh 1% nearer Ly rallway communication to Norfolk thanto News ‘York—or will be, when the Virgiuia lize shall have beon oemsn pletod. Now dsaw s cirale. froz Norflk whoss clrcumfi ence shall take in S¢Louis, Lonisvilla, Chicago, Toledo, Cleves: land and Clucignati. and Norfolk wili be foand nearcr to caell of them than Now-York, and, looking et the map, ib woul seem she would become the best port for ¢xportation and twp portation for each of these great citics. And yet, as Neww York lina alroady subjected to her imperia! sway thp commeres of the continent, couturies, perhaps, must clapse before Nee folk could ever rival her in commeroial im| Bottas days, however, are in reserve for the Old Domision, when osew #he awakos te the importance of Ler situation, ss havioghes Atlantio eoast indonted with the best roadsteads, bays amll harboers of the Union, aud by far the bost highway for commmpe nicution with tke whole West and Soutl-West. 4 NEW-YORK VIA NORYOLK. Now - York is sot ouly iuterested in the growth sad pres pericy of No.folk as the opening of & graat thoroaghfare inds. the valiey of the nod the Upper Missiseippl, but as sles afforiiug ber a kighway to the cotton fields of Lha South-Wes portion of the Union. “Lhe groat Vizginis aud Toanesse Rallroad briogs Norfel in alrect commanioation with Memphis, the great ceator o8 the cotton market.” This lmportsat thoroughfars had beew . but reoently opgaed when the war commenced, and its bems ings upon the commerce of New-York have been but littie aporeciated. Cotton and tobacso will both bear (ransportes tion ovar this road to Norfolk from Memphis asd the valley ot the Tonusssee River, A bale of cotton, sent from Memphis over this Live, would reach Norfolk some 150r 20 hours aftes’ ©one would resch Mobile or New-Orloans by tho Mobile sl Ohio Railroad, and it would be placed cpon the wharves o New-York soune 10 or 12 days sooner than if sent to the Gullg’ und might eren be landed iz Liverpool about as soon as the vale sent down Lo Mobile would reach New-York. Tho fasill for placiog at Memplis, end of collecting at Chattasooge: and otber points alosg the line of this grest railway, Norfl Yittls underatood. A glance at tie map Wikl show that any poriion of this groat thoroughfare, tho altraction of e woble seapost of Virginis upon its freight and travel, would b equal to, i mot greater, considering its ocastern destinatiemy than that of Savannab, Charleston, or any otber Atlastio oligs a-d tuat (his advantage In favor of Nesiolk must thecelore draty this trade to the Chesapeake. But the most important consideration of the valao of Nos ok to Now-York, as identificd with ber trade, is the faot thaly the grazd harbor of Norfolk is, beyond questfon, the best At laatie terminns for the Pacific Rallwhy, for the reasvs alreade given, the shortest, easiest, and most direct ronte of thlg gigantic railway, from 8t. Louls, is over the line of the Ohle and Missss'ppi Railroad to Ciacinoati, and thencs up e of 130 Ohlo 160 wiles to the great southern bend of thal and theuce over the Central line, through the Old Dew. to the mouth of the Clesapeske, Lhere can be 89 gainsaying this fact, nor ean the lmportance of it beoves estimatad in its bearing upon the future of Norfolk and Neww’ York. ‘Lhe completion of this Virginia line of raliway csnael loog be delayed, and when accomplished, a burrel;of fows could be sent from Cicclonati to New-York cheaper than by any otle: route, and especially would this be true, bota o Cinelunati and St. Louis, when once the Obio River if fm ronts than over the other two, Kven flhhuqa =t K to Memphis, the great staples of the South-West, ate proved by a system of wing daws, 80 88 to give good aavigm - tion for steamers the whole yeas, except & few weeks whes prevented by ice in the river. . % Fow persons have reflectsd upon the ideatity of intarest be> tween Nosfolk and New-York, not only as concerns W® present and futare trade of the Mississippi valley proper, bal more mwummw the immense trade of which will find an eesler outlet to Now» folk tuan to any other Atlantic city. Baltimore, ss & terminasy caniot compets with her more fortunate rival at the mouth off e the Chesapeake, both beoause of the heary grades of the Baltb wore and Obio Rellway, the incapacity of ber barbor foy large * ses-golng ahips, and from the fact, also, that the monementel ' ity 1200 miles from the ocesn, and so mnch further from’ New-York, the great conter, to which tho trade and travel «ff the whole country must tend. Indeed, sbould the OId Des minion come gnder new auspices, and Shake off the scourss aud blighting influence of Slavery, Norfolk must become, fore & long period. the second Atlantic city of the Union, b8 which rank her great matural gdvantages entitle ber. The commercial relations of New-York and Norfolk will becoms more and wora important, couferring matasl advantages upes. cach. The genia! climate of Norfolk, and the fact that she k9 5ot 80 far south a8 to hazard fhe safety of large atocks of mess’ chandise, glve hex advautages bver every city ou @ seaboard further Soath, Indeed, there ean be no reason whgp she should not, under the impulse of free institutions, rise to@ groatnose second only 1o that of the Ewpire Cityy CANADA. —— GEN. SHERMAN ON HIS WAY T0 ST. LOUIS~HE DD DID No¥ VISIT THE CANADIAN CAPITAL—AMERE> . CAN MEMBERS OF THE CANADIAN PARLIAMENT. Frow Our Special Correspondent. - Orrawa. C. W., July 26, 1868, After & pleasure trip to Lac St. Louis, s besutiful shee$ of water at the foot of the Ottaws, Gen. Sherman so» turned to Montreg), and yesterday went West on his way to $t. Lou's. He may rest a doy in Togonto. If so, theee will be three distinguished men there st the same timey pamely, Sherman, Breckinridge and Early. During his stay ia Moatreal Gen. Sherman took & looky at the troope, and said a few words in praise of their diew ciplige, cleanliness, ete, At the same tfme be no doud® noted with & lynx’s eye the bad points sbout the Englishy trodps, the infurior system of drill, the unsuitsble uak form, ete. He expressed a wish to see an which is the best thing abent an English force, not know that one was shown ki, In the Canadian Legisiature are some Americans. The following are the members: HON. W. P. HOWLA who is in che Government as Post enerai, sits for the West Ridicg of York, Cenads West, Be be regarded es the first in consequence. JOSEPH M. CURRIER, may who i member for Ottawa City—the Capital—and ] m:o saw-mills in the fldflt; of m.'rm. e Geale. largely in lamber, and is & man of wealth, ‘Came from New pebire. sod whe JOEN . POPE, who is member for Compton, Cunads West. He is s man of infuence in the Easiern towuships; is not on the Reform side. T Rlding of aat, Caseda Weet, - who aits for the West Ridin, t, hhn lawyer, aud votes on ‘lh. Reform side. Came from. Ohio, sud was educated at Oberlin. ¥. . CHAMBERS, who is member for Brockville, Canads West. He lawyer, and & you! man. Votes on the Reform Latoely he s {e out in the House on the hopelessuoss off defendting Caunds against the Utited States. who alts for Missisquoi, of Yrish origin, as bi stituency that the Feuisns, under Spear, alds I.('e de. votes on ‘Those members are Canadian in interest, and sro nate- alized, Lo wiiter may be in error &8 0 the last belag American. Mewbers of Parliauient ex; ‘Wednesday. Thers i3 & desire here to remove Judge IMH.‘ the ?fmw. District for alloged defalestion while in offiee of Protbonotary, and Mu:fityz-gdp E A fi"fl"mfi! mu nouh l.eouh tothe glfdl'.!l.lo‘:u& ';‘ng l‘u‘ ut the matter of sight, but Mr, Wiy 11 bring it to light. Cartier got his’ cousin - pointe dge in- face of the cherges agains bim. —— ton-picker has been invented u::pw :v,l‘z?;h bighly pross mm. {?.u‘:'x‘ it pect to get their congé nesd Yavkee o and l&’l up for tue Joss of I-I: s St : ers which bas 4 .k;hkh arrived o8 : Knit barrioads soross the ” § Loados se! 6L 8., longitade 97 that in llflf.fl?:. - s the eve could e '