The New-York Tribune Newspaper, July 30, 1866, Page 6

NEW-YORK DAIL Y TRIBUNE, MONDAY, JULY 30, 1866.—TRIPLE SHEET. ara. What nuwmber, if any, of 0dd Fellows, » Masons, American Protestasts, Fenians, Seandi- an and German socictarians have fallen under tho | single or mingled influence of heat, bad digestion, of | evil beer or whisky, we do do not know, and it is not | worth while finding out., Thc extont of the inomess Nolices. ¢ EMERGENCIES.—AnN | 4 by a slight Disrhea or de- 5 propeily treated, checks, avd acipiency. Nobetter remely can b found [ (14 Dissrhies, of £.5 sy Affectionof the Bowels.thai | cholora thus far bears so small a proportion I sporisaries BALSAN-1 wsle prompt and effecive medici®e | (0 tho healthy memborsip of tho Father which bas o0 4 popalacty for 9 years.and whicheterY | Muihow Sooiety, and the numbers of that A" RPN ith, Sold everywhere. | oqnization are so small inturn com tuMovAL! REMOVAL! | population of the city, that it would b quite impossi- ¥ s Gouoxy Brrrams:! ble to reason from the first fact, except on very gen- pot of Oeo. C. Hubbel & Co., Proprietors of Urerens and Medicare | Capiver Braxor. will 15 No. 21 Colar-st, Office of Simonson & Squire, eral principles, were it not that somany of the vietims | of tho cholera are Irish, and that many of the disciples of Father Mathew aro their neighbors. Looking this “HooTHING SYRUF, | way, the practice of temperance appears by no means | abad sanitary precaution. Further, we might ask It gives not only rest. but vigor | how far rum dooisions aid the cholera, but the ques- | tion is noedless. We know that - the rum | judges have decided for King Cholera in preference to ! Father Mathew. We know that an injunotion in favor of tho bome-boilers, the fat-melters and the pest-house follows logically an izjunction in be- balf of the grog-shop, the poor-huuse, and the hospital. Why not? The champions of delirium and epidemic— that is what the judicial enjoiners amount to in the | last analysis—areone and the samo. How long can even ‘ather Mathew stand the deadly avtacks made upon & S - | him, if he lives in a neighborhood of injunctionary NIA. ‘ cholera, flanked with bone-boiling and fat-melting firmvess and tove to the | oy ankishmants and abattoirs, and catacombed with of painful watching with e bave been re! ' 1 chillren. 1 fellow will wake up bright, cheerfal and re +ums, cores wiad colic, aud regalates the bo o { Cistinn € “Thirty five ccrts the ilair . will leave this city ., o ba absent six wecks; until that v, Nos. 365 it be continued 8t LEAVETT'S SwWik for cleansing 4+ rassiviag the - e ™ nd offert lightfully ¥ 2 = :,.,.:.::" ) ':,,.A_.,:,' .1-,, " once; | Grog-shops? The rum-drinkers will not be & whit com- you will use co Depot. No 12 Plit-st. forted to know that our city judges aro their friends ALuM %D Diy Prastsn | oven to the death. iLyEn Prars Sares. Highly ornamental, sud - - dry. Al o luge amerimenl, of Beakeet” ol | Saturday, for the sixth time during the session, | Senator Dolittlo protested that he had saved the Union party from annihilation in Wisconsin, and com- | plained bitterly of the base ingratitude of said party | because it now refused to save him. Poor Doolittle! & Fo.. 265 B'dway, snd T21 Chestoutat., Phila. G-MACHINE, with NCOXPARABLY TUE “Sewing-Machine, w's New Famil, No. 581 Brosdway. e free of char Fisgx & 1 A diabolical system of kidnapping has been re- ported to the Navy Department, the trapping of freed- men on shipboard at Pensacola Bay, and selling them as slaves in Coba. Ono of these slave sloops was scized by a United States vessel, and found to bave on board 150 freedmen. Yet we have vetoes of the Civil Rights bill! Yet The Times says the freedmen nust ook to old slaveholders for justice and protec- tion!' It is said that parties in New-York are impli- | cated in this devilish busines and undoubtedly s everywhere that have helped to make such outrages possible in the South must take thoir sharo of the terrible responsibi s wasted. On ““Fom Braws. ViLes, Curs, Comxs, Bruises, Oup | v ud ol skin disesses, we know of no remeds a8 | o PALLry's M n Patx Extracron. Soid by o, ot. No. 49 Cedurar. N. Y. ‘L‘l(’fl:lllbnl»_ in the Head or I of METCALFE'S GRuaT REEUNATIO Rours, Sarr ' 1nmats. No, €78 Brosdway, near | bbby Horves, every style, ay's Now Papmios T | . Worst cases solicited. Catl " at the * iamplon of Work corte! THE ATLANTIC CAB A hope often deferred, and by many almost aban- doned, bas at length been fulfilled. The cablo aoross the Atlantic, connecting the 014 World and the New, is an accomplished fact, and we are able to publish this morning European nows only three days old. The intelligenco of this great succoss will be received with feelings of the most lively joy by the paople of this country. It is another grand step in the onward march of civilization; for this cable will unques- tionably prove a powerful agency in promoting inter- national comity, and in furthering the ends of a healthy commorcial intercourse. Every friend of progress, of peace, of hupanity, will rejoica that what bas been o long a dream is now in a fair way of be- coming & reality. From the shores of the north- wostern portion of this continent the telegraphic wire is being carried into Russia; the world will soon be girdled with this instrument for the transmission of thought with the lightning's epeed; and thus “the ends of the earth will be brought together,” hn fulfill- ment of ancient prophecy. The success of this grand undertaking will consti- tute an epoch in the world's history, of which the record of the enterprise will form one of the most dramatic pages. Future generations will read with intense interest of the steps by which success was ultimately gained. How the many obstacles that pre- sented themselves were, by means of a steady perse- verance and anoble courage, eventually overcome; how repeated failures, instead of disheartening, only induced redoubled exertions to accomplish the great end in view; how scientific enthusiam aud practical skill combined to sustain effort and give it the great- est possible efficiency ; how the improvementsin naval architecture, of which the construction of the Great Eastern is the proudest trophy, prepared the way for the carrying out of the enterprise—all these, and other equally interesting points, will continue to at- tract attention as long as the human family take an interest in the successive steps by which the world advanced to that high state of civilization toward which it is now rapidly moving. * Peace hath its victories,” and the euccess of the Atlantic Cable will ever be regarded as ono of the most glorious of them. The originators and promoters of this enterprise bave earnod the gratitude of the world for their noble efforts in the work. They deserve all honor, snd more substantial rewards, it is to be hoped, will not be wanting for them. The American people will re- " . s ; flect with satisfaction and pride upon the prominent ldrox: :;l: : .in‘t:ws O:u::‘: bill m‘l ""’E";:"e‘;‘:i"i part taken in the enterprise throughont by Mr. Cyrus Px Bt 10 ‘he’:". e ot u;; W. Field. It is hardly too much to say that bat for B s aC i e Thl NoueTock Trou' Mislng | Jesnicas mfi' R R AT 4, among things possible. z:’::‘f":‘fil (;?::Ps::"y:’neh';z:x'u ;"’d‘;“::‘: A fact moro emphatic than any commont, is that fo- gavrd of the Btate of New-Yor-k. 2% s rym ey day e publish news from Europe to the 2ith of July. In - v i ilens kad less than a woek wo oxpect to print every morning the B ety o eethur S, TS| T e ot B0t ok v first 'three sections of the bill, providing for the ap- :Itup::gni‘fi::nm. £ 00816 v ool venie, pointment of 8 surveyor-general, register, and re- fgaiver, there are no objections, save that they scem 10 be intended only to cover over and carry through !h Mining Company's land grant section. P —— ning . Lok | Beud for the © hitthos o Lhe v piece of 0. 08 Broadvay. -'l‘ll Awy Axp LEg, by B. FRANK PALMER, LL.D. Tho “best” frac to o 'dicrs, and low to officars ead eivilians. 169 or-pl.. Bostou. Avoid Chesttutat. P Gieen st wea Julent it Woa. 919 and 12 1 Guies tu ie circatar. Ca | 0F vend for oue. ol Aria NowsELEsS LOCK-STITON BEWING- Ll wale tared by PLANER, BRATSSDORY k Co. e ¥ " RN 04 Bowery. N. Y. (10A1, POMADE Restores Gray Hair, Roups it ¢ falling oat; removes dandroff; the fiie:t dress {4ng vand. ) o, No. 10 Astor House. nd drugsists. RENCH LOCK-STITCH SEWING-MACHINES—Best woeld FLORENCE SEWING fl':l! CoMpary, “IMPROVI 1 ).OCK-STITCH DIACHINES f sahetarer.. (1ovas & Baxea Szwise MAcKINS Cowrax, Jo. 495 Broad GROVER ' Swwr’ MixERS HIGHEST PREMIUM | sewinms. for family use. No. 495 Broad: MACHINE COMPANY.—ELIAS HOWE, Pravident. ".c. (09 Brosdwy. Ageuts wasted. Aora Drspres: s Tapier, 8. G. WrLuinGs, for indiges- flon ST SETan._Sest > . WreeLke & WILSox$ Loox-Smrom Bkwisa Macuir and hoerosmors Macaiwm. No. 636 Brosdws, "“Cartes ica R negatives MONDAY. JULY 30, 1866. SHEET. "TRIPLE The session o the House closed on Saturday with reee cheers fur *‘our noble Speaker,” proposed by r. Strouse, a Democrat, aud heartily responded to y all present 180 Army bill, as passeaemnally, provides for the dition to the regular army of 54 companies of in- antry, two companies to be added to each of the ex- ting 27 battalions; eight new regiments of infantry, four of which shall be Veterag Reserves, and four olored troops; and also four additional regiments of valry, . B T the last hour of the se on of C;ngrou the Pres- THE CASE OF JEFFERSON DAVIS, ‘We isave hoard that the friends of Jefferson Davis profess their ability to overthrow the testimony of the ' Oar Washington correspondent gives an amusing witness Lowis F. Bates. Bates, it will be remembered, Jecount of the night session of the House, from which | SWore that when the dispatoh of Gen. Breckinridge, s find that the political disputes of members have announcing the assassination of Lincoln, was received #isd no permanent effect on personal good feeling by Davis, he remarked: * Well, General, I don't Stevens, who had sat up all night, the next know that if it were done at all, it were better that it made aspeech for freedom, a fact which wero well done, and if the .same had boen dove to 7es good reason to hope he will make many more. Andrew Johnson, the beast, and Becretary Stanton, &r. Randall, & Pennsylvania Demoorat, offored thp | the job would bo completed.” Davis's confidants Yresolution of thanks to the Speaker, and, with the neat believe it can be proved that Bates was not about st woply of Mr. Colfax, the session ended. We print to- the time the telegram from Breckinridge was re- secret sorvice of JeMerson Davis, what would remain to beshown? Could Secretary Benjamin have been to blame for any of the crimes comnitted in the name of war, and Davis, the reported custodian of e guiltless? Or would the notorious son Lave been guilty, and his masters t? Equally hard is it to believe that m could bave been conducted without a great deal more money than any of the conspirators were known to possess in their own individual re- sources; and proof is entirely wanting to show that it was an independent conspiracy, solely gotten up by a monomaniac. History teaches us that such men do their work alone. Booth traveled to his tragedy in cut-throat company. Tho testimony 50 far gathered has been sufficient, after the lapse of & year, to strongly impress soms of the ablest and fairest men of the land—among them Gov. Boutwell and Judge-Advoeats Holt. Such tes- timony must inevitably have weight with the loyal people, however much it may be contemned on the other band, Wo suppose that every citizen in the land i conscious of a mystery in the events of the assassination that remains to be solved and decided. Those who attach no importance whatever to the ohain of fact and inference drawn from the wholesale murder of prisoners to the taking off of one man in Washington, diseredited their country long before they censed to suspect its ememies. - Proof may be yet wanting to place the fiugerof justice on the prime mover; but, ontside of their task in the courts, the champions of the complaining prisoner in the Fort must confront history, and overcome the judgment of men. In common with nine-tonths of the American poople, we do most seriously suspect Jefforson Davis. ‘Weohave heard that,above all menin Washington, Presi- dent Joknson did not; but of that no matter. We have not failed to demand, in the interests of the country, his speedy and impartial frial, or, in default of proof rendering his enlargement dangerous to Jjustice, his prompt release liko other prisoners held for trial. The national suspicion which rests on this one man pressos him forward to a public trial. The facts of the invest- igation give renewed emphasis to the demand that ke shall be tried. Further than to enforce this demand, we have not judged his case. THE B JUDGES. What is to be done with our Judges short of having to put up with them? A judge who pledges himself to rum and the pestilenee is mot ovly an unsound Iawyer, a bad jodge, and a legal incnbus, but he is, besides, a dangerous member of socioty. What is to be done with him? Both ram and tho cholera, as the experience of hall a year has proved, could be spirited out of the way, if wo could only get good riddance of some of our judges. They, atter all, are the real nuisance, which the experiments of the Boards of Health and Excise seem to be power- less to disivfect. We caunot sprinkle their decisions with choloride of lime; 5o what is the use of trying to Qissipate epidemic? The efforts of the Board of Health tend one way, those of our city judges go another. Health, reason, morals aad common sense, working in the city's behalf, bave been met at every import- ant step by an ijunction. It was mever more necessary than now that the groggeries should be closed; but an injunction kept them open. The public health is the first coucern of a city, Lut the Iast, it seems, of a city judge, wherefore let no one be surprised that the course of judicial decisions in our city courts has fasorable to bad liquor first and bad health afterward. Between perpetuating the grogshop and keeping in full blast the bone-boiling and fat-melting nuisance, while tho health of the city is suffering as it never suffered before, it is mot peedful to show the relation. Our oy judges have made it manifest beyond doubt or cavil that & judge who protects rut by a decision is egoally ready to protect cholera by au injusction. No amount of re- spect for judicial opinion and of toleration for legal perversity ean long withstand the raids that bave been made dally from the bench upon the public health, The war is serious the moment a single victim falls by the epidemic, and all who survive are bound to make common cause against the bench. It is said, in bebalf of the rum- judges, that they are honest men, and are bound to interpret the law according to their lights, whether their judgment conflicts with the popular opinion or not. We shall try to estimate this plea at its worth. Have we heard of one of our judges running counter to the interest that elected him? Have not most of them been found in direct bostility to the public conscienco? Remarkably, not one of their legal errors have ever leaned to virtue's sido, while the drift of their every decision, sufficiently fmportant to draw general attention, has been invariably opposed to every rteform, no matter how well supported by enactment or approved by the intelligent voice of the community, It has become a judicial axiom that in doubtfnl cases of legal interpretation, decision is to be rendered on the side which is manifestly that of the public good. If such a doubt existed either in the case of the Excise law or that of the recent injunctions in favor of bone-boiling, the duty of our judges was clear. The studeat or reader of the laws against the excess i liquor traffic, and in preservation of the health of the city, cannot believe for & moment that these laws were ineffoctive | about as unequal a8 they now are. Mr. | very properly been uniformly | over $300,000,000 to pay bounties to soldiers in certain sums, under & system that will leave their receipts Fessenden that **somebody else beside the soldiers ought to be consulted on this question.” Out- sido of the ranks of the army, the people will be found opposed to the appropriation of so large a sum of money for this purpose. Fifty or 8 bundred dollars will afford but little and temporary satisfaction to the soldier, while the bill will render necessary an amount of taxation that will be felt throngh many years, THE TREATY OF PEACE. Tolegraphs have always been olassed among the chief apostles of peace and peaceful progress, and it will, therefore, be regarded as a remarkable ccinci- dence that on the first day of our telegraphic commu- nion with the Old World we receive the news that & treaty of peace has been signed between Austria and Prussia. The information conveyed by the telegraph is, of course, meager, bat it is sufficiently definite to leave no doubt that Austria has acceded to all the chief demauds of Prussia. We are not yet fully informed about all theso de- mands, but we know, from official and semi-official declarations of the Prussian Government, that the most essential condition of peace is the withdrawal of Austria from the German Confederation, which will now be reconstructed under the sole and undisputed lead of Prussin. It is equally certain that Prussia will now keep the two Duchios of Bchleswig and Holstoin, whether as a Prussian province or under the semblance of semi-independence remains to be secu. Moreover, semi-official Prussian papers have declared, in accord- ance with the opinion expressed by Louis Napoleon in his letter to Drouyn de Lhuys, that Prussia must in- sist on having the western and the eastern portions of {he kingdom permanently connected. Weo have to wait for later accounts to know if this rectification of fron- tier is to be effected by means of annexation or by ex- change of provinces. We are, on the other band, as- sured that Prussia was not to claim the cession of Bo- hemia and Moravia, and as the ground of this restriction the non-German character of their popula- tion is adduced. Such & ground seems to suggest that Prussia might desire the annexation, or at least the separation from Austria, of those provinces, which are purely German, as Upper aud Lower Austria and Salzburg. It is, however, probable that, having obtained tho chief end of her ambition, Prussia will not insist on demanding any Austrian terrilory, but leave tho fate of the Germas of Austria to be decided by the fature. However this question may be settled, the trivmph of Prussia is complete. Whatever thenominal relation of the smaller German States in the recoustructed Confederation may b, virtually the new Con- federation, with its population of over 40,000,000 of people, will be identical with Prussia, which hence- any of the great Earopean Powers. THE NMISSIsSIPPI LEVEES, Cougress has seen fit to witbhold the appropriation of money for the reconstruction of tho broken levees on the Mississippi River, and thereby millions of acros of the most prodnctive lands in the country are resigned to the floods for another year, and the vast rovenue from their products lost to the Treasury. It is to be hoped that our representatives will, during the recess, examine the whole subject of the protee- tion of the valley of the Mississippi from overflow, It will not attain the object to appropriate or loan | money to the States for the prosecution of this work; | that has been tried in better days and failed. 1850, Congress granted to the States in the valley of the Mississippi all the lands subject to overflow, with the express provision that the proceeds of the sale thereof should be applied exclusively, as far as neces- sary, to the purpose of reclaiming and protecting said lands by means of levees and drains. The value of these lands was sufficient to levee the banks of the Mississippi 30 feet high from the Gulf of Mexico to St. Louis, but the munificent donation was squandered, parceled out to ruling politiclans, who wore thus made wealthy, and who snbsequently em- ployed their ill-gotten gains to incite and carry on rebellion. If confiscation is to be enforced, here is 8 proper field for its application, At least the title to such portions of these lands as yet remain unsold should be resumed by the United States Government, and, after reclamation and protection, sold for the By makiog an exception in Mr. Patterson’s case, Congress would have been, by set precedent, at lib- erty to make as many exceptions to the test-oath a3 it pleases. The concurring vote of both Houses constitute the folding-doors of admission, through which not even Mr. Patterson entered. Every new applicant, who cannot take the oath, must enter by this narrow opening, and a good many Greeks have yet to find their way into the Senate sud House before Congress admits the Trojan horse snd yiclds to asiege. There is less need than ever to repeal the oath, since Mr. Patterson on Saturday Yook the un- modified oath, and was regularly sworn in as o Sena- tor, ] The Journal of Commerce charges the Collactor of forth will not be second, in power and influence, to | for their objects, were our judges in sympathy with | customs with having sol " C g sold the warchouse privilege, as t is said similar negotiations b n community; and with no plensant antecedents to fall l‘un:erlgoll:can, wd‘:xllt‘ ;:mhmu, vom:llm: ‘:’y P ' o443 * | storage rates to reimburse the keepor in the privilego pidity 4"’]‘? the pr;blem of judicial unfitness, the | money, and also to enable him to realize largo profits public is of one mind that they are unsuited to their | on hig investments. The practice is a fraudulent per- ’I"l"::hl BT " L o version of the intents of the law, which should be ey moat earnest good of every citizen | gummarily corrected by the proper authority. in New-York demands that tho evils of the bonch A Boncd i g should be abolished. Wo speak no news when we say what has been a home truth to the vast majority proprietorship of the Philadelphia Convention. They of this community for years past—that our judicial ) " bli stem should be reformed, Wo may do this by bav- do not object to allowing a delegation of Republicans I':g good lawyers appointed to the bench to hold to come in, provided they behave themselves—‘* pro- offico during good bohavior—wo may consolidate and vided,"” says the apostle of Peace and Chance, ** they chango the business of some of the Courts now stand squarely on the principles of the Randall call. exercising laigs oobrdinate powers; but wo can do If they honestly act up to it we shall be glad to see 8 . I them there. But there must be ne looking one way and Messrs. Ben. and Fernando Wood havealready taken THE END OF THE SESSSION, SRR : The Spirit and tho Work of the First Session of the Thirty-Ninth Congress, ——— REVIEW OF THE POLICY OF RECONSTRUCTION ———— e When the Thirty-ninth Congress assembled at Wash- ington, December 4, 1865, it found the national affairs in unprecedented confusion. Seven months before, the Presi- dent had declared all armed opposition to the Government ended. For nine months Congress had not been in session. When it adjourned, March 4, the war still raged. Sherman was eweeping through North Ca nd had not yet reached Fayetteville. Sheridan was moviog up the Shenandoah, beating the Rebels under Gen. Early on his way to Lynchburg, Petersburg and Richmond still bristled with Rebel guns, and Grant's vast army lay mud- bound bejore their walls. Leo was appealing to the peo- ple of North Carolina for provisions, andat the same time the Southern press was loudly boasting that Grant and Sherman would bo beaten in detail. No one could certainly say when the war would end, though all knew that the end was near. Recrnit- ing, stimulated by an overhanging draft, was proceed- ing in the Norsh, and the Rebellion presented & bold and defiant front. Abraham Lincoln was still President, and on the very day of its adjournment the Senate was convened in extra session to take part n his reinauguration. None of the men who listened that day to the Inangural Address of Andrew Johnson imagined that in & few weeks he would become the head of the Gov- ernment. The future was bright. The clouds of war were dispersing, and the Thirty-eighth Congress ended its ex- istonce in the faith that our National troubles were nearly over, and trusting implicitly in the ability and integrity of the President, who by four years of war had been thor- oughly tested and taught. For nine months the adminis- tration of the Government was to b trusted to the Lxecu- tive alone, yot no oune dreamed that the National policy was to be reversed. Hardly had the members of Congress reached their homes before the whole country was filled with rejoicing over the fall of Richmond; and, triumph after triumph, came the surrender of Lee and his whole army. Then the wero silonced by the single pistol-shot that ended the life of Abraham Lincoln, Even while his funeral procession passed slowly through the land, Sherman received from the hand of Johnston the last broken sword of the Rebel- lion. The terms he granted to the enemy were thought fur too lenient by the people, and were instantly rescinded by the new President. Then a few persous insulted Providenes by declaring that God had removed Mr. Lin- coln because a sterner mind wis neoded for the work of reconstruction, as if, like a poor politician, Heaven was ooly to suceeed in its purposes by the assassina- tion of a good man. Still, the nation folt safe with Mr. Johoson. HMad he not said that treason was & crimo aud must be made odlous, and that high as Haman, he said, but the vail of the future was not yot lifted to reveal only the foul assassins, and Wirz, the wretched tool of worse men, swinging upon the gallows. No one lookad forward to the long, wearisome imprizon- ment of Jeff. Davis, and the humiliating spectacle of o Government afraid either to try or to release its chief enemy. The poople hiad not yet recovered from the shock of Mr. Lincol.'s death before a Presidential proclamation, dated May 2, offered a reward of $100,000 for Jefl. Davis, and charged him with inciting and procuring the assassi- nation. His arrest speedily followed, and the Rebel leader was placed in Fortress Monroo, and up to this time the torrible chargo has never been withdrawn mor proved. About the time of his capture, the President in repeated specchies declared that the attempt to assassis nate the Republic was s greater ecrime than | the murder of an individaal, and deserved as severc a pun- ishment. In this spirit, May 22, he apologized for extend- ing mercy to certain miscalled **Sons of Liberty” in In- diana, and hoped that his action would not be construed into a preference of clemency to jastice. His Proclama- tion of Amnesty followed, May 29, and exceptsd 14 classes, in which were incladed nearly all the influential Southern citizens, It fully carried out his announced policy | of dealing severely with the leaders of the Rebeilion. Farly in May the trial of the assassins began, andan effort was made by the prosecution, in behalf of the Govern- weut, to prove Davis pre-coguizant of the orime. From all these events it was reasonably supposed that the Presi- dent would continue to enfores the stern principles which be had 80 often and 30 emphatically defended. But befors midsummer a new policy was indicated, In June delegates from the South were first admitted to private interviews with the Prosident. Oun the 17th of Juns his proclamation providing for the restoration of civil government in Georgia and Alabama was issued, and it disappointed the nation, by its deliberate exclusion of blacks from the category of loyal citizens eatitled to vote. Few, however, were disposed to censure Mr. John- son severcly for this omission, though 8 majority of the Union party held that the Govermment had s perfect right 10 entrust State reorganization to all loyal citizens, with- out the slightest reference to the dead laws which were based on the slave system. Other intimations of opposi- tion to tue established principlos of the Union party were soon given. The President’s appointments of Provisional Governors for the Southern States were regoiyed with joy by the late Rebels, aud with sorrow by the North. Governor Perry, of South Carolina, shortly after his ap pointment, said in a public speech, July 3, * There is not now in the Southern States any one who feels more bitter- iy the humiliation and degradation of going back into the Union than I do.” Thess words alone, it was thought, should have secured his instant dismissal from office, but they were conpled with significant praise of the President —praise which properly interpreted was censure. Gover- nor Perry assured his people that the death of Mr. Lincoln was no loss to the South, while ho had every hope that Mr. Johnson, a8 au old slavebolding Democrat, would be an advantage. Immediately following these events—oven in Alexandria, under the very eyes of the Goverument— the old spirit of secession, which seemed to have perished with Lec's army, revived with new vigor. Southern lsaders openly followed Governor Perry in declaring the restoration of the Union a degriding neces- sity. In Alabama the Coavention prohibited negroes from testifying in the courts. The people who had for four years done all in their power to destroy the Union now coolly began to talk of taking an immediate part in its Government. Gov. Perry, in November, again eulo- giging tho President, coupled wilh Lis compliments a per- cmptory demand that, when Congress met, the Clerk of the nothing without an appeal to the conatitutional right Bay & complete summary of the bills and joint resolu- ceived. They assert that on hearing the news he, singularly, made no remark. Both versions have points of curiosity. One thing, however, is not de- nied—that Davis was in proper person at Bates's house in Charlottesville on the day of the dispatch. If, as it appears, the Investigating Committee have established the fact that the Secret Service Fund of the Confederacy was absolutely in the custody of Davis, they have made sure of their first point, That first, second and third pages we give full and in- aplot was entertained to blow up Washington; that detalls of the succeseful laying of the At. | Blackburn, the small-pox Borgia, was contracted with to burn the Mississippi steamers; that a con- spiracy to burn New-York was paid for and set on foot; and that the agents of these several enterprises re. | Were all found in neighboshood with the managers Drinks;” on | Of the assassination, is proof presumptive that be found | the sgenoy which embraced such desperadoes as boat- synopsis of burners, hotel-burners, and small-pox propagandists, | session, also had also its paid assassins. If Davis encoursged his mflmwd New-Jersey itoms; on the subordinates to license the burning of peaceful cities, page, sdditional reports of the graat ¢ | ho was no better than a desperado himself. Ifhe was grial V. of Bayard Taylor's * Trip to | responsiblo for the inhuman treatment of our prison- KColorado,” scientifio “ Li- | e, who is ready to doubt that be was the most M’u “New-York and Norfolk,” and news from | Wretched of assassins? But plpusible showing does Canads; on the tenth, Mexican news, letter from | 80t 6ud here, The evidence on thatsial of the assas- {Bhenandosk Valley, law, commercial, and marine in. | 8ins, and memoranda marked Dr. J. W. Booth, found togother with letters of now well-known secret agonts S —————_— in the Rebel archives, go measurably to show that nl‘t.;u remarked before the Board of mmh'u.n of | Booth and Surratt were in the employ of the Rebellion. {‘ A members of the Father Mathew Sociely ia | Granted that Blackburn (about whom there is no (ions passed during the session, with 8 review of the ‘work of Congress from December 4 to July 25, these doouments, which have been prepared Jwith grest care, the legislation of the past eight ths may be conveniently surveyed by the reader. In order to give our readers the news from all parts world, we this morning issue a triple sheet. On 1 rowing another.” Weo beg Mr. Raymond's attention. L) By aspecial telogram from New-Orleans it will bo seon that the Robels proposo to break up the Consti- tutional Convention by force. Wo hope the Presi- dent is pleased with tho results of his policy. The Attorney-General of Louisiana has telegraphed the President that the Convention is bogus, that Gov. Welled is in league with the Radicals, against somo of whom the Courts are about to take action. The President directs that the military shall neither oppose the Courts nor the Convention, which is oquivalent to leaving the Convention to the mercy of its enemies, of the people to alter and amend their institutions. How long the temper of the public can brook such decisions as have lately insulted the good sense of this community we cannot tell. We have only kuowledge of the almost incredible enormities en- dured at the swindling hands of the ** Ring,” and from the grasping greed of corporators, backed by an immoral municipality and bench, We cannot long stand two classes of assailants in our places of greatest advantage and power—the batteries we have orected sagainst evil-doers tarned by evil-doers against our- selves. We cannot afford to cherish & pestilonce on the bench or hiave our courts an eternized nuisance. ‘We must be sure that those employed to serve us do not make us their slaves, and we must appeal to the people to right themselves by the powers of the Con- stitution, and put an end to the evils of such an elec- tive judiciary as now disgraces and opprosses Now- ] The Richmond Enquirer seriously wonders whether this contest will ** proceed to blood.” In the first place, there is nobody who wauts to fight, and, in tho second place, thero is nobody who wants to be York, b, ” - - ¥+~ i |fought. The only fighting man we know is Ray- The House insisted on the provision in the appro- mond; and, as he is one way this weéek and another priation bill, increasing the salaries of members from | way tho next, he will be kept pretty busy fighting £5,000 to $5,000 per annum, snd rejocted the pro- | himself. And, under such circumstances, wo do not vision for the equalization of soldiers' bountics; the think the conflict will ** proceed to blood.” Senate rojected tho salary provision, but insisted e on the bounty clause, and thero was & dead | Mr. Defreos has boen removed from an office which lock that promised for a short time to defeat | he creditably filled, to make way for Gen. Steadman, two unwise measures; but soon the Houses | whohas recently been performing the duties of & not entered into an understanding Wwith each other | very creditable office, Steadman has stood by the whereby the members paid themselves $2,000 President, and we admire the promptitude with which DK Wi G 50 1) iasd o Aok 04 Sonbid, Rale Bavib Wk o Bess Yoty 1 Uho Lonch galopy i incrgwed the ROLG oskgidinggo L b s b ndate House should eall the names of men elected from the un- roconstructed Staty, Tn the same month Mr. Johuson wrote to Gov. Perry, who hesitated about adopting the amendment abolishing Slavery, that the clause giving Congress the power to enforcoit by appropriate legislation, really limited éonm}unfl control over the subject! Thus assured that Congress had no right to legislate for the negro sftor ho had been freed, Gov..Perry's fears were allayed, and Soath Carolina adopted the amendment. Peo- plo wondered at Mr. Johnson's strange exposition of Con- gressional enactments, and their surprise was mnot diminished when he publicly disclaimed any inten- tion to dictato to the Rebel States, adding that he wished only to mildly and kindly advise. ‘Theso signs, which slarmed loyal men, delighted the old Northern friends of the Rebellion, and as early as August & Copperhead convention indorsed Mr. Johnson's policy. In Septomber the majority of the Copperhead papers be- gun to praise him. S(ill the Union party did not oppose him; it dissented from the tendencies of his poliey, but it | waited, endured, and hoped. Its organs even declaimed against the Copperheads who insulted him by affirnming that he had dosorted the party which elected him, scorn- ing the idea with anjindignation which time has shown to havo been the most intense, though unconscious, irony. « Mr..Johnson,” said Tie TRIBUNE, in reply to these ter- rible accusations of the Democrats, * has fittingly charae- terized the cutpable fatuity of John Tyler in seoking a self-aggrandizemont through the ruin of the great party which electod him, and 1o man has ever had a deeper loathing than ho for the character of Benedict Arnold.” October and November the President employed in at- templing to reconcile bis old policy with tho new one, but with loss success than he probably desired. We did not complain of his magnanimity to Rebels; that we could have heartily approved if its dangorous tendencies had been neutralized by justice to black Unioniats. The bitter C shoutings, the tumult, the thunders of a thousand cannon, | truitors must be punisked? e would hang them ss'| gouviction was foreed ugon uy that the kind of worey e extonded to the ensmies of the Union was dostined tobe unmitigated cruolty to it friends. Thus when Congross assembled, Docember 4, it found that great things hadl beea done during the legislative va- cation, Tt had lefy the war ragirg: it found it ended. It Jeft Joff, Davis a tyrant at Riclmond; it found bim « prisoner in solitary confinement, and eharged with con- spiracy in murder. 1t loft Abrabam Lincoln, the rulor of the nation; it found—not him, but his grave. It fonnd Andrew Johnson the sucoessor of his place, but practieally the repudiator of bis policy. It was confronted with new mea and new dutios, with a political situation unprece~ dented in the history of the country. On the very open- ing day of the session, tho represoutatives from the Rebel States attempted to taks part in its proceedings! F nately for the nation, Mr. Edward McP. arson, the Clerkofl * the House, had the ability to under:tasd, and the courage to: execato his daty, The House was organized by the re- presentatives of the loyal State« alone, and the election of Schuyler Colfax removed all immediato danger. But the future was dark with perils of unkrown magnituds, Ae= tion was demaudod, Wo hold it well for the United States that Thaddeu 03 on that du, [00 rad the famous reso- lution by which Congress was suve! from the disgrace of having Rebels to legislate upon the conditions of their own return, ** Resolved (by the Senators and House ot Representatives in Congress sssembled), That a joint Committee of 158hall bo appoiuted, vine of whom shall be members of the Houss and six of the Senate, who shall inquire into the condition of the Btates which formed the so-called Confrlerate States of Asncries, and report | whether they, or any of them, are led to De repree sented in either House of Congress, with leave to report, at any time, by Uil or othervise; and until such report shall have besa made and fnally acted upon by Congress, no momber shall be receivd in either House from any of the so-called Confrderate States, and all pa- pers relating to the Representa. of (hio said States shall be referred to tho said Committ i Congress the basis of a policy from the heginning. passed in the House by a vote of 123 to 26, receiring the approval of Mr. Raymond end a fuw others, who hava since opposed the prinoiples it embodics, Though the last’ clause was struck out by the Seuate, its efficiency was not impaired. ‘The President’s ma3saga, whicl was read the next day, though more woderate than had ben expected, placod him at once in opposition to the Uni; by his assortion that “a concession of the elective fanchise to the froed= men by act of the President of the United States must have been oxtsnded to all colored men, whersver found, and so must havo established a changa of sufizage in the Northern, Middle, aud Westera States, not less thaa in the Southern aud South-Western.” This argu- ment, if valid in omo respoet was valid in all; from that day to this no one bas dared to deny that wand of power to interfers with the Re'ol Siates ir this ia- stance—impliod want of power altog ther, We held them, we hold now, that the President had precisely the sama right to authorizs loyal black eifizens to vote that he hal to appoint Provisional Governors. His argument omitted the all-important fact that the Rebollicn had placed the North and South in very diferent relatious to the Govera- t. 4 m‘gnfly in fhe session the spirit of Congress found ex- pression in numerous proposed smendments to the Consti~ tion, providiag for the establishment of eivil rights for &1L citizens, without distinetion of color, and demanding that representation in the lower Houso suoutd be based upon the qualified number of votorsin cach State. Bills pre- hibiting the assumption or payment of the Rebel dobt, or ‘the repudiation of any part of the National debt, were offered and refsrral to the respeciive committees. Others contemplatad tho establishmont of impartial suf- frage in the Di; of Columbia, All¢f these moasures received the datermined opposition of the Democratic minority. Another diffarence betweon the Presilent and Congress was caussd by his removal of the Provisiongd Governor of Alsbama, and presontation of the State Government to the officors elected by the peaple. This action was thought be equivalent to a declarstion that Congre Lad ®»o control of the subject, which was iy surprising, a8 it was thea employe] in legislating for tho restoration ot tho States. Decomber 20, the fe, is reply to a reso- lation requesting information as to whethor the Rebellion had been supprossed, ete., received a me President, inclosing special ropors from Gen. Carl Schurz and Goen. Grant upon the condition of tha 0 South., The msssags was charsctorized by Meg Sumner as an atbompt to ‘“whitewash” the um. bappy conlition of tie Rebel Sfates, and many facts were citod by him 1o show tht the President was mistaken ia bis statement th. of nationality was succeeding thie soctional o yoftiv: South. The report of G '8t evidenca that the late R: of national obliga- tions, and e chi n political power, and compansate th s ot Slavery by keep ing the nagr: Both Housas ade | journod Decem! uatil Jan Up to this point Do important m2as: had boen propasad. Jaguary 5, Congress resuincd its scx<ion, and aeting | upon the information the President lad furnished in the rePdets of Geus, Graut end semrz, Mr Williams into- duced a wsolution daclaring it tho = the House that the United States troops should not be withdrawn from the South, G- Grant sho: indorsed this opia~ jon. Invirtual reply to this aad similar acts Mr, Voors heos of Indiana, Januaty 9, introduced a.resolution de- | claring that Conzrass indorsed tho whole policy of the President, but the matter was reforred to the Committes on Reconstruction by a large majority. ‘Tie next day Me. Kelley of Pe ania stated in the House that tho Pre- sident had porsonally assared Lim Lo was in favor of nogra suffrage in the District of Columb in Tennessee, This subject coatianed to be du bill establish- ing impartial sufrage in the House, January 18, by a voie of 118 the subjeet Was repoatedly taken up, but not acted upom. Continual attompts were made fiom time to time to obtain the n of Senutors aud Representatives from Robel States, but their credentials when presented were eithor laid oo the table or referred to (he Committes on Reconstrection, Evenin the absence of & declared policy, such mon a3 Horshel V. Johnsou of Georgia could bardly have hoped to gain aduwittance to the Senate. February 19, the Houso, by a of resolutions offered by Mr. Lougyear of Michigan, victually asscrted the right of Congress to daal with the whol jject of reconstrue- tion, declaring the existing governmonts of the Robel States to be provisional sad temporary, fand offering its constitutional authority to guarsntee to cach & Repub- lican form of Goverament, In the meanwhile the Presi- dent had afow tatorviews with colored deie ations, and & great mauy with Rebel embassics, and his published speeches showad that the nogro loyalists hud little reason to hope for reward, while the pacdoned traitors had less to fear punishment. But Presidential opposition, and (Lat of tle Democratie minority, were not the only difiiculties which Congress nd to grercomo. Tho Union party Lad but one object, but it was divided upon the best means to attain fo it Three ideas of recoustruction were ucfolded early in the session. They may bo classitied thus: Mr. Sumner’s idea, that no Rebel State sLould be read- mitted to its old plac in the Uuion till it had made ita black and white oitizens equal beforn the law, Mr. Stewart's idea, that universal amuesty should be offered the South, and universal suffiage imposed. The popular idea embodied iu the Civil Rights bill, sad the Constitutionsl amondment re-forming the basis of re~ tation. To the first of thas plans there was litile objection other than its impractioability, and the firco of this Mr. Sumnee sooms to have finally acknowledged. It must bo conceded, oven by those who most earnest'y oppossd him, that he honestly and bravely did bis best for freedom, and thas the failure of his plans was not from any want of earnest- ness or ability ia sdvocating them. “*Bat who shall be Wiser than God, stronger than Destiny 1" Mr. Stewart equally failed in his more popular poliey—s policy in which we firmly belioved frou the first. and have not coased to advocats. But while men like Wendely Phallips stand apart and influence the uation solely by the uncompromising declacation of Principles, Congress has another duty. It is charged with the creation of Measures, and if these sometimes fail to embody principles to the fulleat extent, lot it be romembered that 1o practi- cal statosman haa avor yet succoeded in reconciling fucts with his ideal. ‘The backbons of the XXXIXth Congress was the Re- construction Committeo of Thaddeus Stevens, That Committtos, donounced by overy traitor, and every man who in his heart qymp.zhu.ul with traitors, has dons & pobly work, B gavy Gopgrss o center. It shaped & 8 had boen matured, though wmany