The New York Herald Newspaper, February 13, 1879, Page 3

N CETYWAYOS TRICE Description of His Domin- ions and His Army.: GREAT BRITAIN HOODWINKED. A Facile Monarch Who Without Performing. Promises CELIBACY. FOR SOLDIERS. Brutal Method of Keeping Down the Zulu - Population. ENGLAND'S SECOND EXPEDITION. [BY CABLE TO"THE HERALD.] Lonpox, Feb. 13, 1879, The Admiralty announces that it has chartered fifteen steamers to carry troops and supplies to tho Cape. This fleet includes the transatlantic steamers Egypt, France, Spain, Russia, England, China, Olym- pus, Palmyra and City of Paris. These steamers, chartered at Liverpool, will be fitted out at some other port on acgount of the labor strike. The owners of several of the stcamers have engaged to have them ready for sea within a week, ———et, ZULULAND, ITS PEOPLE, GOVERNMENT AND ABMY—HOW THE 8EMI-BARDAROUS’ KING ADOPTED THE WAR TACTICS OF CIVILIZATION AND REJECTED CIVILIZATION ITSELF—ENG- LISH DIPLOMACY AND JUSTICE DISREGARDED. The recent terrjvle catastrophe to tho British arms on the Tugela River has aroused a public interest in Zululand which will be maintained until the termi- nation of what now promises to be the most serious of England’s many wars in South Africa. Compara- tiyely little is known in America of Zululand proper} though that large portion of the Zulu nation settled within the boundarics of the colony of Natal has for many years been the object of successful missionary effort on the part of the American Board of Commis- sioners for Foreign Missions. From the personal communications of a gentleman who rosided above twenty years as a missionary in Natal, and from many printed sources of information, the following data bave been obtained :— : ENGLISH .JENRITORY: AT THE CAPE. The British colony of South Africa now consists of Cape Colony proper, with its dependencies of Kaf- fraria, Basatoland, Fingoland, Griqvoland and the Transvaal, the latter having been annexod in 1877, and the settlement of Walfish Bay, on the Atlantic eqast, far to tho northward, the annexation of which ‘was consummated by a proclamation of Queen Vic- - torialast month (January, 1979), Kaffraria still en- Joys a nominal in@ependence, though large portions of it, which were, the scene of the war of the past year, hayo lately. heen annexed, and it is an open q t tho'yast rogipnof Beobyana Lond, north ‘-djamond am, will shortly be ab- ; . @yeeram of Cape weted; “from it'. by tho latoly independent province of Kaffraris, lies the Crown colony of Natal, fronting on tho Indian Ocean, and “bounded on the Dortheast by Zululand, the present sceite of hostili- Natal is vigorously independent of Cape Col- ‘Dany, from which it was. seporeted in. 1866, whens constittitional charter was granted, which was essen- | Er momees in 1875. At that time there wore not e ‘white settlers in Natal, and the native in- habitants—the fine, race called. Zuins or Amazulus— | ‘wore ‘also few in number. eset so @UBE EMIGRATION, TO NATAL. Zalnlanks proper wis’ then, as now, a vast region , ppixetching -alang..the Indiam Ocean, scparated from Hirdolie Tugela,,Rixoy (tho Were of the recent -Gisanter), bounded on the'northwest by the Transvaal Republic and on the northeast by the Portuguese col- ony of Delagoa Bay, The norther2 portion of Zulu- land was inhabited by arace known as the Amaswazis, of kindred origin and language, but owing only a feeble allegiance to the Zulu King. Since 1850 there bas been a steady stream of Zulu emigration south- ward across the Tugela River into Natal, and the Zulu population of that colony has increased from lesa than fifty thousand in 1850 to 290,000 at the last census, taken in 1877, Provably they now: nuniber above three hundred thousand. The white popule- tion of Natal comprises but 22,654 persons of Euro- pean descent, many of them Dutch bocrs, more or less disaffected to the British government. Natal is Mmost the solitary instance of a colony established by Great Britain without cost to the imperial treas- ury. In its early days it had a loan of £10,000, which has long since been repaid. It has an esti- mated area of 18,750 square miles, with a sea- board of 150 miles. It comprises soven counties and nino unorganized districts. There are but two considerable towns, D'Urban for Durban), on Port Natal Bay, and Pietermaritzburg, the capital, some sixty miles northwest, The only railyoad in the colony is ono which was contracted by tho Natal government in 1875, to connect the capital with the seaport. It is to be completed in 1880, and is now in operation some twenty miles. There are four monthly steamers connecting with Europe—one line of three steamers via Cape Town, the other of a sin- ple steamer via the Sues Canal. The principal article stexport from Natal is woot, of which ‘nearly nine million pounds were exported in 1877, being more than double the amount in 1870,. Next tn import- fance are raw hides, sugar and cotton. CHURCH AND SfaTR, The government of Natal is administere by a ‘Lieutenant Governor, appointed bythe Crowa, as- _bisted by an Executive and a Legislative Conncil. The present Governor is Sir Henry Ernest Bulwer, ap- pointed in 1875. The religious interests of the col- ony are supervised by two Anglican bishops, onc of them thé celebrated Dr. J, W. Colenso, boing tho Crown Bishop of Natal; the otber, Dr. Maccrorie, bo- ing Bishop of Pictermoritzburg, by appointment of the late Bishop of Capo Town (Dr. Gray), who as- sumed to bo Metropolitan of South Africa, and, ae such, to depose Dr. Colenso for heresy manifosted in his famous book on the Pentatench. The intelligent Zulu, commonly calied “William,” who enjoys the credit of having “converted Bishop Colonso from Christianity,” is still living, but relapsed into bar- Darism sevoral yoars ago. AUIAL CAPERES AND THEIR COUNTRY, Zululand prover, the vast region under the govern- tment of Cetywayo (pronounced Ketshwayo), is inhab- ited by some 300,000 natives, who are admitted to be the finest and most powerful race of South Africa. ‘Their country fs a tine upland region, of uncertain extoht, the northorn boundaries having never been @etermined, The territory on the Blood Iiver, or ‘Transvaal border, was for many years in dispute be- tween the Zulu King and the lately annexed Trans- vaal Republic. This quarrel was the proximate eause of the present hostilities, Somo years ago Cotywayo offered to cedo tho territory in dispute, not to the Boors of the Transvaal, but to the English of Natal; but his offer was not thon accepted. Tho war between Cetywayo and the Boers having resulted in the annexation of the Transvaal to Capo Colony on tho plea that tho littic republic was unable to de- fend itscif and preserve the poeaco, the rights of the Boers were, of course, transterrod de facto to . the Colonial government, and the boundary quarrel ‘was referred to a commission, which quite recently Gecided in favor of the Zulus. Thét decision, how- ever, as will be secon, was accompanied by other terms jn the nature of an ultimatum, which lod to the prosent war. The Zulus are popularly said to be “e branch of the great Caffre nation;” but in this statement thoro is much confusion of terms, Tho wp“! Caffro is not properly # term of nationality, but NEW YORK HERALD, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 13, 1879.-TRIPLE SHEET. an Arabic word signifying “infidel.” ‘There are Caffres and ¢ Caffreland ou the borders of Afyhanis- tan, The term was adopted by the Boers of South Africa to designate all the warlike races on their northeast frontiers, The Caffres call themselves by various tribal mames, such as Gaikas, Galekas, F'in- gos and Pondos, the latter being the most generic term for the people of the region known as Caffraria. “CRTYWAYO ENGLAND'S SON. King Umpandi, or Panda, the futher of Cetywayo, died x or eight years ago. The events attending the succession of the present monarch are officially narrated as follows by Sir Henry Bulwer in his ulti- matum of last December:— : After the or Pandfithe sons of the late king | Son toe head 4 ftp er aceapa ao dd an uent movsengees $0 the vernor fatal, sayin; that the nation found itself Wandering Pause OF the } death of its . There was no King, they said, and the messengers ght ffom the nation four oxen ropreseyting the “head of the King” to the gov- ernment Natal. They further asked that Mr. | Shepstone, mines bee Cetywayo, might go s a Present at the nomination of | same time breathe the spirit by which the establish, what was wanted, | nation should be governed, ‘hey said, moreover, it ‘vas tho will of the nation that ‘the new King whould sou of the ish government, govern- be ¢! ment of Natal no wish to mix iteelt up with there | of the Zulu people; but evontu- it and sent Mr. Shepstone to take part in theta, It was the wish of Cety- ayo that this should ‘be done; it was the wish of: Zaiu nation. In consenting to this the government hat no selfish object of any It did not seek to obtain a single foot of or any advantage, nor any privi- It wanted nothing for itself, and it for itself. Its only motive in complying with the wish of ‘the Zulu nation, and in taking part in the coronation of the new King, was that in doing so it might help to assure the peace of the Zulu country and promote in some degree the welfare of the Zulu people. In taking part, there- fore, the only con ns it made were in favor of the od government of the people. Ata formel meet- ing, held previous to the installation, between Mr, Shepstone and Cetywayo and the head men of the Zuiu nation, several matters were discnesed, chief among which were certain regulations or laws for tho better government of the Zulu people, which were to be proclaimed on the occasion of the installation. Bubsequently, on the day of the installation, those laws wore formally proclaimed by Mr. Shepstone. BRITAIN’S ATTEMPT AT CIVILIZATION. Tt was proclaimed:— C BS (1.) That the indiscriminate shedding of blood should cease in the laud. (2%) That no Zulu should be condemned without open trial and the pnblic examination of withesses, for and against, aud that he should. have a right of appeal to the Ki (3.) That no Z life should be taken without the previous know! and consént of the King atter such trial had taken place, and the right of appeal ad been allowed to be exercised. (4.) That for minor crimes, the loss of property, all ora portion, should be substituted for the punish- ment of death. Now, these laws were formally proclaimed by Mr. Shepstone, who represented the British government in Natal, and proclaimed with the formal axseut of Cety wayo, of the chief men of ihe nation, and of tiie nation there assembled. It was not done as # mere they form 9 corps by themsolves; when it is a weak one it is amalgamated wilh one of the old existing regiments; thus, although some corps are composed entirely of men about the same age, others contain s mixture of old and young. At present there are, in all, fourteen corps or regiments, They vary in strength, from the Udukuza corps, which consists but of one regiment numbering 560 men, to the Undi, which conteins five regiments and numbers 9,900 men, ‘The total strongth of the fighting force of men under sixty years of age is put down at 40,400, Of these 22,500 arc between twenty and thirty years of age, 10,000 between thirty and forty, 3,400 between forty and fifty and 4,500 between fifty and sixty years old, How grievously this mili- tary service must bear upon the people and how great must be the check given to the increase of population may be judged by the fact that the King does not allow his soldiers to marry until leave is given to the whole regiment to do #0, and this is not generally granted until the ago of the men averages forty years, According to this there are 32,500 unmarried men in Zululand, all ‘under the age of forty, and only 7,900 marrled men, all between the ages of forty and sixty. As leave is given to regiments. which have. specially dis- tinguished themselves in war to murry under the usual age the system in force tends to make the whole of the active men of the nation cager for war, and renders them extremely dangorons and quarrel- some neighbors. It is this fact which has rendered the war an absolute necessity. CABLE CELEBRATION. SILVER JUBILEE OF SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHY, On the 10th of March next Mr. Cyrus W. Field will give a grand dinner party in celebration of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the formation of the com- pany, by New York merchants, to establish tele- graphic communication across the Atlantic Ocean. Invitations for this most interestimg jubilee, hand- somely engraved on beautiful cards, have been sent to distinguished people in atl parts of the world, ‘The festival will take -place at Mr. Field's residence, Gramercy Park. ORIGIN OF THE ENTERPHIRE. ‘We ore so familiar with the use of the telegraph across the ocean that we are apt to forget how recent ‘2 thing it is and that the originators of the great on- terprise are still among us. It is only a quarter of a century since the project was first conceived. The 10th of March, 1854, is the date of its birth, and so of the birth of deep sea telegraphy. On that day was signed tho agreemeut to organize the ‘New York, Newfoundland and London Telegraph Company” (if certain privileges could be obtained from Newfound- land), the object of which was stated in the very first sentence of ite charter to be “to establish a lipo of telegraphic communication between America and idle ceremo! » without any meaning or in- | pur, 7 ” pe by way of Newfoundiand.” The company Pony BY Whe dark; Ene in the open dane ie | waetormed ina private house—that of Mr. Cyrus see bot Gent Meade, but ‘at the ropal Kani, in | W., Field—and componed, ot but five individtals; ge i hearing of the King: the ehiets | Peter Cuoper, Moses Taylor, Cyrus W. Field, Mar- and th lee They wero laws for the | sail O. eta and Chandler White. Mr. David good the Zulu seople. ‘The subject | Dudley Field was present as tho legal adviser of the Sf them ree ee. Dente ma, | company, and went with his brother and Mr. White tn Sen a iritial cerewente:s| #0, 8 Johns to obtain the charter. Mr. ‘vec ah eT is cain, Rebrenente;*) White soon after ‘lied, and waa snecooded by Mr. pase din the boating aud ures, | Wilson G, Hunt, These five gentlemen are all still ple erward, in tho hearing and Pree | living, to see the great results of the experiment then Pymd | Horthe well being of the Zuin | #7 made to carry the telegraph across the ocean, people were thé conditions required by the British | Small attempts had been made.in Europe to transmit overnnient ity: ‘tor the countenance. and aup- | Meneses. under. water—tirst across the River Rhine, Port viven by it to the new Zulu King by. the pre Sak ait ® Eine Side. me next serous, (ba ae el. 1 rst attemp! unm pit ence of fis representative, and by his taking partin | Channel. The Arms, atiompl | to pad gg ee the King’s coronation; and, once spoken as they were, they cannot be broken without compromising the dignity, the good faith and the honor of the British government ' JOUN BULL'S CONDITIONS VIOLATED. Tho British government now asks—How has it been in this matter? Have the promises then mado been kept? Have the laws which were then pro- claimed } ol ? Let the Zulu King answer! Lot the chief men of the nation answor! Let the whole Zulu peo) swer! ‘The British government cannot, it the words which were oaco spoken on its ould be empty words, or that ‘the promises whi ™m: to it, and for which it became the moi and the guarantee to the whole Zulu natiom, should be treated as if they were bd idleness a emp sound. But RS vo ave om fo treated, i We Mat Os" ns toga ves.’ he “phe covered with gutta percha, was laid. between Dover and Calais, about twenty-one nules, but communica- tion waa kept up but fora very brief period. The next year it was replaced by a cable of four wires, which is still perfect. A few other sea cables wero Jsid, but only in shallow water and for short dis- tances—the longest, that to Holland, being but 130 miles, and in water only a few fathoms deep, This ‘American company was the first to propose to span the ocean. As soon as the line had completed to Newfoundland Mr. Cyrus W. Field went to London, and there, in 1866, organized the Atlantic Telegraph Comipany. THY PIONEFR CABLES. Its first attempt was mede in 1857, but.the ships had sailod but-a little over three lundred niiles from Ireland when the cable broke and the ex- (1858) the attempt rv The American |, non, for shiny oe . the Ni and Agamem- Tr the middie of the Atlantic, where they were to join cables, and sail east and west to carry the two ends to their respective shores. But beforo reached mid-ocean a storm arose, and tho Aga- memnon had a erro escape from foundering; and when at last the cable was ined it was broken sev- eral times in the attempt: the ex; returned to England almose in despair, SUCCESH AT LAST. One more effort, however, was made that summer, and with success. The cable was stretchea from shore to shore and messages pa: between Europe and America, But communication continued only three wooks, nor was it re-established till cignt years lator (in 1896), after two new cables had been manu- factured (one of which, after being paid ont 1.200 miles in 1865, wae broken in mid-ocean and fished ny the year atter and carried to the shore of Newfound- land), mainly by the exertions of the same indefati- gable spirit which had orjginated the project and urged it forward in spite of all obstacles for twelve ears, 5 A WORLD-WIDE SYATEM, But tho success of that first Atlantic telegraph in 1858, briet though it was, had demonstrated the pos- sibility of crossing the ocean, and so led the way for all atter triumphs in deep sea telography. It had proved that acable over two thousana iniles long could be latd in water over two miles deep. After that nothing seemed imposxible. Cables were laid in the Mediterranean, in the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, and thence across the Arabian Sea to India, and across the Bay of Bengal to Burmah, and down tho Malayan Peninsula to Penang and M.ngapore, and up the tern coast of Asian to China, and across to Japan, while southward lines were carried to Java and across thet island and the surrounding scas to Australia and to New Zealand. In. this. Western erg se rma woe were laid to Cuba and the other West India Islands, and down the const of South m1. ines have not been kept; and how is it possible renent ‘stem of. ent fi pte Santen ae i All ay erument is destroying the country. the “¢ bodied 4 cout are takon 4s soldiers, ‘They are taken from sBabegeecs We St see, whee Sey, are becoming pee- ful to. lowed to marry as the men of other.tribes arow jig in Natal, as awong the Amaswazi, as among esire to do so, but they must await the permission of the King, and they are kept. often for years: with- allowed to labor for themselves or to plunt or to reap or to live in quict and in peace with thoir families the King’s kraajs as if for war, although there is no enemy to fight with; and thus they come to fight distress and mourning in the land. Or they are sent ont in parties to surround the kraais of persons who private cnomies, and sho then, without trial and without a word, are killed, their kraals laid desolat destroyed. DEMANDS FOR IMMEDIATE REFORM. the colonial government wes followed by a demand for Cetywayo to abolish his present militery system cided upon by the Great Council of the Zulus on con- sultation with the representatives of the British gov- and the men allowed to return to their homes, Every ™man must be free to marry without the King's per- be punished without a regular trial before tho “Indunas” or magistrates. A British Resident must filment of these conditions and ‘‘be the eyes and esra and month of the British government toward the Missionaries must agsin be permitted to settle in ‘Zululand under the protection of the British Resi- them. . CAUSE OF THR PREKENT WAR. Frere on the boundary question with the Transvaal Was sent to Cetywayo. Ly ita terms it restores to ana Pengolo Rivers. The tmmoerttate caneses ‘of the complications betwoen the British government and overt hostilo acts committed against Natal, and the change in the methoil of the Zulu government de- mentioned point in July, 874, the colony was invaded by an armed force of Zulus, act- favorite officer of State of the Zuln King, Cetywayo. It advanced some miles into the colony, refugeo women had found shelter forcibly seized them, and under circumstances of the utmost bru- generally—dragged them across the Buffalo, the boundary rivor, and murdered them on Zulu ter. not be passed dver in silence, stfiking, as it did at the very groundwork of British power in & precedent which, if it meant anything, meant that the natives who claimed the protection of might be forcibly reclaimed by them. Once admitted that the Zulu King mtght follow any of his rumaway the wholo of the 300,000 natives living in Natal would logically be at his mercy, consiating, as they do, prin- ernment, consequently, took the only course open to them-—they demanded the surrender of tho two lead- ing out his army and at the same timo offering to pay a fine, thus adding insult to injury. In regard to the forces which the Zulu King may put into the field the most authoritative information and issued in November last by order of Lord Chelmsford for the information of those ander his curate idea of the forces at the disposal of Cetywayo. ‘They may be seid to comprise the whole male two to five years oll the lads who have during that timo attained the age of fourteen or fit- after a year’s probation is sent to a military kraal, Whon the regiment ian strong one—that in, they can Be ears ares ty the syxtom of ng men, all the able men in the the compulrory othe ene They ars not at nda. They cunnot marry when thoy out the rmission to do 80, They are not and relatives. They are constantly summoned up to atnong themselves and blood is shed, and there is have given offence to the King or who are accused b; and their families and all that they have carried off This forcible statement of tho grievances felt by and adopt such military regulations as may be de_ ernment, The prevent Zulu army must be disbanded mission, now often refused. No Zulu can hereafter be admitted at the Zulu capital to watch over the ful- Zuiu King and the Great Council of the Nation.” dent, and no native must be molested for listening to Along with this ultimatum the award of Sir Bartle the Zulus their natural boundary line of the Blood the Zulus are two-fold-—ths redress demanded for manded in the abow ters Regarding the first ing under the orders of two of the sons of the and then surrounding a native village where two tality+-so brutal that they can only be mentioned ritory in cold. blood, Such an act could, of course, South Africa, It was evidently impossible to admit British roll against the tyranny of their own chiefs subjects into British territory, the lives of almost cipally of refugee individuals and tribes, The gov- ers of the invading foree, Cetywayo replied by call- CRTYWAYO'S ARMY AND ITs DISCIPLINE, now accessible is a handy little pamphlet compiled command, which enables us té obtain a very ac- atrongth of the Zulu nation, At intervals of from toon yours ate formed into a regiment, which when five years have clapsed since the last levy America to Brazil and the Argentine C - CHERISHED MEMORIES, ° ‘Thus, within a quarter of a century, submarine telograpns havo been carried across almont all the sees and oceans of the globe (except the broad Pacific, which yet remains to be conquered), bringing into close communication all parts of the civilized world. Many who bore an honorable part in these great achievements have pasked away. Their memory is cherished by their survivors, who find many stirring recollections recalled whenever they meet together, as they will continue to do so long as any of thoxe who wero actors imrthese scenes shall remain upon the stage. THE sOROSIS RECEPTION, ‘The eleventh annual reception of the Sorosis, held at Delmonico’s last evening, differed but slightly from the ten which preeeded it. The same room was devoted to the purporc, the'xame lights iMumi- nated the scene and refleoted the toilets of the ladies in the highly polished floors, so euggestive.ot dunc- ition. ing, but the Sorosis ladies do not in duige in anything quite so light and - airy as the waltz, There was music, flowers speeches, recitatiéns and réfreshment. Some hun- dred and roore ladies, with their attendant cavaliers, were present. Dr. Jobn Weisee read an essay on ‘woman, going back almost to pre-historic times. As he camo down the centuries and reached the one in which we live he toaeched upon the ques. tion of women suffrage, and said that women, not being allowed the ballot box, wae ano instance of taxation without representation, and made some sarcastic remarks upon @ constitution that allowed ‘any Sambo to vote and deuied women the right to wita batiot.”” At this Mrs, Provident Croly arose and said that tt was ye my duty to call the gentleman to order, as The sub; of wo- mun snffrago was forbidden in Sorosis, . Weise ap) somewhat embarrassed and was ubout to retire from the floor, but Mrs. Croly assured him that the rest of his paper was exceedingly interestin, and beaged that he would go on with it. He hesitated for a moment, in which Mrs. Rebecca A, Morse arose 4 that she regretted the interruption; thot sisse’s address was a legitimate exsay on wo- man, and that the su! t of suffrage was Unayoid- ably touched upon. After this onceuragement Dr. Weinao reamed his remarks, casually alluding to the ballot box a second time, but, as it came eo near the close of the address, no notice was taken of it. A HEnALD representative gathered from talking with different members of the club that there was mote in this little digression than at first seemed. His informant said that Sorosis was contpoxed of two factions; one that wanted it kept as it had been—en- tirely a social club—while the other side wanted to introduce the women’s rights clement. An election ot offivers for the Sorosis tikes _ on the first Monday in March, and it is anticipated that there will be a tilt between the two factions, Mrs. Oroly being the candidate of the anti-strongminded, and Mrs, Morse of the other side, AGUE CLUB. ‘The question of the removal ef the Union League Club from its present quarters on Madison square to a site further up town is now being actively agitated by the members of that well known organization. A protest haa been issued by those who hot favor the proposed removal, setting forth c@ttain disadvan. tages which would result from such action. Many nuisances versomaes tho proposed site and an in- creased expense of $12,000 are mentioned as objec. tions, A resolution is appended to the effect that the erection of 4 building om leased ground would ex- hanet the funds of the clubfor aninferior kind of 1 it to large & itnres and fix the Kotaee wears teoene pol ve samngea without great MEXICAN TRADE. Importance Attached to the Exhibit of American Sample Goods. HOW TO DO Our Exports by One Line of Steamers to Gulf Ports of Mexico. IN ANAHUAC IT. s “MY UNCLE” Chr o” Mesico, Jan. 28, 1879, The exhibition of samples brought by members of the American Industrial Deputation, and which was inaugurated with so much ceremony some short time ago by President Diaz, continues to attraet a great deal of public attention, and is daily visited by the principal citizens of the capital as well as by those of distant towns. These samples have been admitted free of duty, by special permit of the Mexican customs authorities, and are both varied and interesting. The display mage by H. A. Rogers, of New York, in railroad and mining supplies and hard- ware meets with much favor, President Diaz spent much time on the opening day examining the differ- ent articles of this exhibit, and expreased his pleasure at seeing them introduced to tho Mexican people. The silver plate ware, from the Aurora (Ill,) Silver Plate Manufacturing Company, also opened the oyes of recent purchasers of such ware from European mannfacturers, * Among the principal exhibitors represented in the American patty aro ‘the McKeesport Iron Works, of Pittsburg, Pa.; Clement & Sayer, Chicago, clothing; J.F. Coyne, Chicago; “Western Manufacturer,” gen- eral agency; William Kelly, Chicago, chromos; Edward Peters, St. Louis, saddlery; George Krum- sick, St. Louis, Anbouser’s beor; George 8. Bowen & Co., Chicago, silverplated ware, dry goods and no- tions; Deero’& Co., Moline, Ill., ploughs ond cultiva- tors; 5. T. Merrill, Boloit, Wis., windmills; C. H. Porter, Winona, Minn., flour; Holden Davis, Cincin- nati, hams; M. L, Ott, Wheeling, W. Va., nails; Hoff, St. Louis, glassware, furniture and Lemp’s beor; Professor C. G. Wheeler, Chicago, maps, charts of zoology and natural history. All the exhibits aro tastefully arranged and make quite an imposing show. HOW A TRADE MAY BE ESTABLISHED. Regarding tho questions as to whether Mexico does or can do any trade with the United States, worth developing or creating, I can only rofer you to thé remarks in my last communication relative to the! want of commercial facilities in this country which, as you know, must operate adversely to any promotion of trade, no matter how willing the two peoples may be to engage in it. Yet I have been able to collect the following statistics of existing trade, which, I have no donbt, will be very interesting to your readers, throwing, as they do, some little light on the imports from the United States and the amount of duties paid thereon to the Mexican government, It is impossible for me to classify the goods imported, as that can bo better done by reference to the tables in the American commercial reports. Theso statistics which I send you are, however, quite authentic and reliable so far as they go. They demonstrate tho Present amount of business done by a single life of steamers running to and from a few Mexican ports on the Atlantic coast, and show how that business has increased since its establishment, Apart from the Gulf steamship trade thero must also be taken into account that being done in sailing vessels from American ports. Again, we must add that done on the Pacific coast by the vessels of. the Pacific Mail | Steamship Company and by sailing vessels from American ports. Finally, the trade of our Southern froptier must be considered, the aggregate being tho qpeasure of all the ithports of American goods into Mexico. By the establishment of American whule- sale and retail houscs in all the principal ports and interior citics and towns of Mexico it is possible that the present trade can be largely tntreased within a few years. But legitimate business will have to contend with a system of smuggling that is one of the most vexatious forms in which commer- cin} difficulties present themselves in this country, or, indeed, in any country where high tariffs aro en- countered. However, I fecl confident that the trade between Mexico and the Unitel States can, by good management, be increased to $20,000,000 in two or three years by the establishment of such houses as 1 suggest in Mexico. These, however, must be pro- tected by tho government against illegal levies of any kind. Guarantees must be given that American merchants shall not be subject to forced loans or any other unconstitutional or unjust contributions. The classes of merchandise which will meet the readicst sale in Mexico are cotton goods, hardware, glassware, drugs, clothing, manufacturing and mining machinery and agricultural implements, I now refer to goods to be imported from the United States into Mexico. To Bay toe these und avoid the exhorbitant exchange on the United States Mexican agricultural and mineral products can be exported to our couutry. . for example, the coffee of Cordova and Ori- zaba, which is the chief product of these regions, Placing the value of the present production at $1,250,000, the Pp can be increased to supply for $25,000,000 worth if necessary. The peculiarly adaptable soil and ciimate, altitude and condition of atmos- phere necessary to the production of this valu- able crop ate by an area of no narrow lim- its in the State of Vera Cruz, while in the States of Jalisco and Michoacan the lands yielding coffce crops from perennial trees may be measured by scores of leagues. ‘ IMPORTS BY THE ALEXANDRE LINE. By the following tables it will be seen that durin, the Inet four years 425,765 packages of goods of al kinds have been imported from the United States by the Alexandre line of steamers touching at various Mexican Gulf ports. Upon these the dutics paid into the Treasury of Mexico have amounted to 64,044,353 15:— In steamers from New York to Vera Craz:— No. of Thereon Packages, Paid to Merico, 485,045, $282,231 91 61,525, 836,159. 96 B52 309,811 07 48,540 253,064 99 44,553, 64,057 09 73,140 434,034 89 928,020 $1,079,409 91 54,670 929,901 85, eamers from New York to Progreso :— wy 25,008 $152,495 54 Ww 10,834 wv 20,964 18 18,687 i 18 17,896 217,910 40 933,285 778,007 62 Average. 173-5 = 18,657 155,733 50 In steamers from New York to Campeche :— 74. - 3 1,910 $4,672 03 16 335 10,300 59 wv uw Bt 31,050, $183,604 33, 6,210 J 36,720 86 $9.11 11,960 99 20,327 85 $67,787 03 16,671 75 Average. 13K 19029 In steamers from New York to Tabasco :— WBTTH-TBisssapecsesee 6 1,034 $6,009 27 In steamers from New York to Tu: — 15. ie oe bs 1,176 pL 1,508 BB 1,835 62 Bist 15% 1,206 In steamers from Now Orleans to Vera Craz:— ot ou $1 3 $502,782 O1 140,615 40 26,387 14° In steamers from New Orleans to Progreso:— No.of No.of Duties Thereom . Paid to Mexico, In steamers from New Orleans to Campeche :— 174-75. $1,415 ot 471 95 18% ON Estimating the value of all the goods imported from the United States into Mexi i jing those ‘on which no duty is ch: important list; the total value for four years may be set down at $40,000,000, or an average of $10,000,000 per annum. How pleasent it would be for our mer- chants if they could treble this in afew yeurs! It is by no means impossible. MEXICAN BEATE COMMISAIONS. The important State ot San Luis Potosi has already taken — to second the effort made by our Ameri- can merchants to establish an intertrade between the two countries. The State named has appointed two special Commissioners-—Senators Arriaga and Fer- nandez—who have already called upon the American deputation and ure prepared to report on the re- sourcos of their State for the use and information of the latter. The report will treat of the agricultural and mining resources of the State of San Luis Potosi, and especiaily of the rich but practically abandoned silver and quicksilver mines of Guadalcazar, A similar committee or commisssion has been named by the Governor of the State of Vera Cruz, General Mier y Teran, which has presented the fol- lowing general report on the “natural and agricul- tural productions of the State of Vera Cruz” during the fiscal year trom July 1, 1877, to June 30, 1878:-— Value Vatue, Straw. seeee Vegetables (green) Milk... Pulque. Peanuts. Pumpkins. Unea root Sweet potas Pineapples Packing th Pitch pine. Live oak Vegetable wax. Brown sugar. Pipian seea.. White wax. Indiarubber Red pepper(Chile) 1,750 Chocolate beans . 300 Mustard seed. 150 » Gurlic... 1,3 Mexican saffron.. Thatching grass. Vegetables. Cocoanuts. . sete cesses steseneesenees 0$5,556,530, I give you the items in the exact order in which they appear in the report, but I must admit they are slightly mixed. THE NATIONAL PAWNSHOP, This institution lends money to the rich and poor upon jewelry, furnituro, carriages or wearing apparel at an interest of one per cont per month, which 13 the bank rate of interest on first class paper. ‘The articles offered for pawn are valued by an ex- pert pertaining to the institution, who is responsible to acertain degree snd under a bond, that his valua- tions of the property offered are just-to the borrower and lender. ¢ amount of capital now in hand, ac- cording to the latest published exhibit, is $944,594 20. ‘This institution was founded by Mr. Pedro Komero de Terreros, who was born in Spain in the year 1710, and who came to this country and worked the Vie- |’ 18 meotalhiferous 1odes. in-the. |: caina ond ‘Santa mining districts of Pachuca and Real del Monte, about seventy miles from this capital, and therefrom. realized an immense amount of silver. In the year 1767 he made a formal offer to the ““‘Su- reme Council of the Indias,’’ resident in Madrid, of 500,000 for’ the establishment of this public banefi- cence, which offer wax remitted to King Charles Ill, ot Spain, by whom it was not then acted y He repeated the same offor 171, of day of Juno, 1774, ry celebration with fireworks, mass and a #er- mon in the college building of St. Peter and St. Paul. The founder was dignified with the title of “Gon- fieman, of the Order of Calatrava and Count of Regla.”” A ‘his institution has been of great service to the | poor of Mexico, as it has been made use of as 8 resort’ in immediate days of distress and as an escape for the usurer. The American visitors have beech invited! to inspect this institution, and were pleased ‘with thé’ building and the management. Mariano Riva’ Pule+) cio, former Governor of the State of Mexico, xon-in- law of the patriot Guerrero and father of the pres- ent Cabinet officer Minister of Public Works, is the es- teemed manager and director of the institution. Its departments are well organized and conducted, com- mencing with the receipt and valuation of the effects and ending with their redemption and delivery to theirowners, The director is appointed by the fed- eral authority. Wealthy families possessing jewels of great value resort hither and deposit them rather than incur the risk of the occasional house thief. ‘Tho American visitors saw here hundreds of tho sands of dollars’ worth of diamonds end pearls, be- side thousands of dollars in value of miscellaneous personal property. ‘The descendants gf the Count of Regia still reside in Mexico. EDUCATION. The system of education adopted in the City of Mexico is found to be v: and ex , and is weil maintained in all ite branches by full and com- potent corps of teachers. Following the primary and secon schools there are the preparatory, jurisprudence, medical, engineering, fine urts, culture, commerce, deaf and dumb and music schools. In addition there are several colleges, called, for example, College of Tecpan, College of Paz, College of San Ildfonso, &c. Every considerable city in the Republic has » more or less complete system similar to the above, while the primary sch abound in every State, district and town. On the evening of the 25th, the American visitors were invited to the annual distribution of premiums to the cadets of the National Military Academy. Thu ceremony took place in the Hall of Congress and the resentations were made by President Diaz, the hail Ing decked with the national colors, ‘To-morrow morning the deputation divides off into four parties, one of which will visit the volcano of Popocatapetl, another the Cave of Cacahuamilpa, « third the mining district of Pachuca and the fourth remain in the city visiting various places of interest. LINCOLN'S BIRTHDAY, CELEBRATION OF THE SEVENTIETH AXNIVER- SARY OF ADRAUAM LINCOLN'S BIRTH BY THE LINCOLN CLUB—SPERCHES BY MR. LEVI P. MORTON AND POSTMASTER JAMES. The rooms of the Lincoln Club, at No. 87 Clinton Place, were last night thronged with eminent citizens and humming with animated political discussion, If Abrabam Lincoln had lived he would, yesterday have been seventy. years old, and the club, which was incorporated to preserve his memory, kept wa sail in henor of hie nativity. Mr. Thurlow Weed ‘was to have addressed it, but wrote to excuse him- self, “If Washington achieved the Unio naid his letter, “Lincoln preserved it. Their names will go down to posterity together.” The club's statuette of the great statesinan was crossed witi verdure, which perched janutily on his rugged head like a banch of mistletoe on agnaried oak. Tho walls were festooned with national bauners, and trom beneath the white table cloth stole a savory incense which hinted that the club meant to temper patrioticm with lobster salad. Mr. Van Cott, the president, received the visitors and Captain Ourren; the secre: tary, read apologetic letters. Assistant Secretary Seward wrote from Washington. that thongh Lincoln was dead he was serving bis country still, and his words still echoed in the nation’s councils and in the popular heart. Senator Davis wrote that no men had loved Lincoln better than he, and prayed that trifute might aunnally be paid to his Others dwelt on the fact that Peter birthday and Abraham Lincoln's were the And finally tho President introduced Hon. Morton, the speaker of the evening. THE SPRECHES. Mr. Morton traced Lincoln's early life from Ken- tucky farm to Illinois log fire, and followed him step by step, rail splitting, wearing homespun an¢ patched clothes, picking up seraps of the law, and seated at last in the Presidential chair. Mr, W. A. Darling, presented as a war horse of the republican party, spoke ot Lincoln's first visit to New York, when all the town was for Seward, recalling Bryant's saying that his newspaper was not clastic enough to contain all the great things that Lincoin had uttered, and dwelling on the President's charm of manner and his great compassion for all who suffered in the war, Postmaster James remembered that Lincoln had himself been a postmaster, and s model postmaster, too, Mr, Isaac A, Bailey main- tained confidently that it was Mr. Lincoln's great per- sonal purity which saved his party ond contributed tomuke parties and politiciaus purer to-day than they have over been before. Senators Conkling and Bioine and Honry Ward Beccher were momentarily expected, but failed to appear, So the proceedings ended with the collation aud tho champagne corks fired 9 salvo of soventy volleys, @rees applause, which | to believe fer was angering oa Bens gon’ the 2d | the laws of life that we must and the institution was tounded by rae on ™m ok tor a present, [itis posabin evile te when waiaa : 3 HONORING. PETER COOPER. Distinguished Citizens Greet Him on His Eighty-eighth Birthday. MADE A DOCTOR OF LAWS Returns Thanks to His Friends in an Eloquent Speech. He Peter Cooper received his friends last evening and their congratulations upon the eighty-eighth anni- Versary of birthday, As he stocd near the en- trance of his parlors and greeted his guests as they came in, his grand old face glowed with a ‘gentle and benignant delight. His silken white hair fell in glossy waves upon his shoulders and his eyes shone brightly behind his targe gold-bowed spectacles, He was not satistied with » simple handshake, but repeated the pressure, and expressed to every one his apprecia- tion of the honor of their coming and his grateful sense of the blessings of his prolonged life. No other reply, of course, could be made than that thoses which he had con- ferred upon mankind were greater than he could have received. Mr. and Mrs. Abram 8. Hewitt acted as host and hostess and made their guests foel per- fectly at home, By nine o'clock # distinguished com- pany had gathered. Mr. Thurlow Weed was oneof the early comers. He seemed especially glad to be present. Then came ex-Governor Samuel J. Tilden, Rignt Rev. Bishop Potter, ex-Minister John Bigelow, Bishop Harris, Rev. Dr. William Adams, Rev. Dr. Howard Crosby; Mr. Wilham E. Dodge, Mr. David Dudley Field, Mr. Cyrus W. Field, ex-Conptroller Andrew H. Green, Mr. Henry A. Marquand, William Cooper (aged seventy-cight years, a brother of Peter), Judge Charles P. Daly, ex-Judge Henry E, Davies, Mr. Chauncey M. Depew, Profes- sor Botte, Rev. Dr. Henry W. Bellows, Brother John and Brother Anthony, of the Manhat- tan College; Father Daly and Father Shea, of St. Francis Xavier's College; Professor Dwight, Dr. Do- remus, Algernon 8. Sullivan, His Honor Mayor Cooper, Mr. 8. L. M. Barlow, Mr. U. 8. Grant, Jr.; Mr. John Cadwallader, Mr. A. A. Low, Mr. Jaines Watson Webb, president of the College of the City of New York; Mr. Charles E, Whitehead and the egents of the University of the State of New York; Erastus C. Benedict, chaneellor; Henry Kk. Pierson, vice chan cellor; 8. B, Woolworth, secretary; George William Curtis, Whitelaw Reid and Dr. O. H. Warren aod many ladies. CONFERRING THE DEGREE OF LI. D. After most of the greetings were over the Chan- cellor of the University of the State of New York walked back to a table, accompanied by the Vice Chancellor and the secretary of the Board of Re gents. He read a brief address of congratulation, mentioning the, honor about to be conferred ag a recognition of the great and noble work of Mr. Cooper in promoting the education of the outh of his city. The act of the Regents, adopted pa July, 1878, by which the of Doctor of Laws was decreed to him, was then read, and Bishop Adams and the Rev. Dr. Adams escorted Mr. Cooper to the table. The Chancellor recited the Latin contents of the scroil. In accepting it Mr. Cooper said :— MR. COOPER'S ACCEPTANCE. “My esteemed friend, the Chancellor, has brought to me an honor that I have never sought. is one that I am sure I never expected to. obtain. As I have no scholastic attainment to entitle mo to receive this proffered honor, if I receive it at all it must be in recognition of a long, laborious life spent in a course of efforts to found an institution that opens its doors at night and gives free instrne- Reccamary purposes of hfs. 1 And myself. Gompelled necessary purposes of life. I fin: to believe that. science 5 a rule or law of God by the mo’ its of the material crestion are rendered int to aud that science itsalt sass F a ledge of this this, I have given the labors of along the advancement and diffusion of scientific feel assured that whon Christianit, ‘comes to be felt in all its purity, power force, it will then be found to bea simple system, & scremce, ce vio of lite, 0 watts end zecniats the ac- tions of mahkind. BY cept inees See coe me that itis to the a) to for ail future. im- provements in the condition of mankind. Bcience, any friends, is 4 development of the laws and pur- pores of Deity. ‘They are laws that in them. selves are #0 wise and good that they will never uire to be altered, amended or evoked. They, like their author, will remain with- ‘out variableness or shadow of turning. It is tho power to know and un these laws that elo rates: man above. the. level of the b; . It is, my ht aud wise appli of these ali t! ss thought. it best.to. aubject ux, lor’ nature capable of an endless eapenioy, in knowleage and power over the material universs. ‘Science is the key to unlock the rich t-casures of nature—to unveil its beauties and secure those blessings so richly stored up in nature for the use and the elevation of mankind. I trust that the time will come when the knowledge and application of science and art will so elevate. the hearts of men as to raise them above the tinselled toys of those grovelling pursuits that now 60 thoroughly engross their thoughts. SCIENCE AXD THK DEITY. “Science, as I have said, is a means to develop the laws and purposes of the Deity. It is the means that God has given to unveil and bring to light a great and glorious purpose, an adaptation of meaus to ends, running through and connecting the move- ‘ments of every particle of matter throughout the vast fabric of creation. Such a purpose, in the mind of infinite goodness, could not do less than to organize, individualize and immortalize all the innumerable minds with power to receive and communicate hap- piness to all eternity. Science has given to man @ telescopic power that enables him to penetrate the depths of space, to measure the dis- tance, diameter and density of all those plants that float with auch majestic splendor around the hea- vens. With thé microscopic power man is enabled to penetrate the minutim of creation, bringing into view wonders aud beauties that language cannot describe. With mechanical powers we are per- mitted to transport ourselves around the world as on the wings of the wind. With the help of mathe- matical and chemical powers man is enabled to dis- solve all known substances and, as it were, to take the world to pieces, selecting those parts best suited for his uses, With the aid of science he guides the running brook and causes it to flow in Lg nee at hiscommand into every room within his dwelling. With its aid he penetrates the bowels of the eart! and drags from its silent he tae those mineral prod- ‘ucts that beautily and bless the world. He rends the solid rock and shapes it into forms of use and beauty, He dissolves the mineral coal into @ gas that floats beneath our streets to every dwelling, ever ready to burst forth inte beauteous light at our command. With these powers it is possible for us to send our messages around the world with the speed of lightning. Its in the power of science todraw from nature's garden all that is good for food, pleasant to tho eye and calculated to make us wise. : TRE MYSTERY OF BEING “It should never be forgotten that the universe moves in obedience to laws so wise and good that they will never require to be amended, altered or re- yoked, It is the proper business of true science and philosophy to work in harmony with these jaws, They have forever connected health with | temperance and peace with virtue. For one, I in- duige the hope that science will fully unfold the mystery of our being and show the law of our rogress written upon ail the varied leaevs of crea Fon demonstrating the wisdom, the power and the goodness of God, who has given immortality to men. ; Mr. Cooper thanked his friends in toe | manner for their presence and good wishes, closed with an eloquent acknowledgment of the providence of God, ‘quoting with pertect accuracy ® i paesage from’ Pope Atly expressing his idea of » relation between man and his Maker. e ded him and r gratnlations upon the just recognition of his noble philanthropy. Refresh: ments were served, and about eleven o'clock the guests took their departure, THE ARSON TRIAL, The Court of Oyer and Terminer was yesterday crowded to its utmost limits, the attraction being the closing day of Charles Bernstein and Abraham Freeman, charged with arson in the first degree. The, corridors leading to the court room were also crowded, and the officers had their hands full in keoping back the throng of eager spectators, so great was the interest manifested. Promptly o half-past ten o'clock Indge Barrett took his seat and ex-Judgo Curtis resumed — his summing up for the defence, speaking fot three hours. Assistant District Attorney Rollins, in an address of four hours’ length, ably summed up for the prosecution. Atter the conclusion of his address ex-Judge Curtis and Fawin M. Fox, the prisoners’ counsel, submitted twenty-nine requests to charge, twenty-three of which were charged and six the Court de- clined to charge, Judge Barrett then charged the jury considerable length, expound- ing the law of arson end explaining the vartous iseues presented for their determination. At a few iminutes after five o'clock the jury went out, At half-past six the jury returned for instructions as to a point ot law. Indgo Barrett gave the necessary instructions and the jury again retired, ‘The jury at midnight, not having was, by cede a Thane pecrets 1odbed ep toe the nights