The New York Herald Newspaper, October 10, 1877, Page 9

ss STANLEY'S LETTERS, | _—e-.-..—- Inrsing Raninazos of “The Gund Whi | Livjpgstone WEARY AND DYING. How the Old Explorer Was Defeated by Delays and Want of Means. “LIVINGSTONE'S LUALABA.” The Solitudes of the Equato- : .vial Forests. SLAVERY. Horrible Sufferings of the Victims in Transit to the Coast. HERDS OF EBONY SKELETONS Zanzibar and Its Ruler Re- sponsible for the Traffic. VEPOPULATING THE INTERIOR. The Wilderness Swallowing the Settlements. MISSIONARIES | AND MEN-OF-WAR, —————— NYANGWE MANYEMA, CKNTRAL APRiCA, Nov. 1, rar6.} fo rag Epirons oF THE NEW YORK HERALD AND THE IONDON DaILy TELEGRAPA:— While at Ujiji, in 1871, Livingstone kindiea in me n envious desire to see Manyema, when he per- mitted himself to speak about the glories of the last country he nad traversed. He was truly en- thuslastic about it. He spoke of gigantic, towerlng Woods, extraordinary variety of vegetation, beau- tifal scenes of wooded hills and verdurous vales’ And basins, amiable and interesting tribes, of beau- iifal women, and many other things which showed that the veteran traveller had been more than ordinarily impressed, I find from Qiligent inquiries here that iis residence, his travels hither and thither, and his journeys from and to Ujiji must have embraced a period of three years or there- abouts, LIVINGSTONE’S LATER JOURENYS, ‘The distance from Ujiji to Nyangwe is about 350 English miles, which we performed in forty days, Inclusive of halts, 1 tind he was laid up a@very Jong tine with a most painful disease ofthe jeet at Kabambarre. From native.accounts he seems to have beeu there from six to twelve months It ‘was certainly long enough for tlie noble old ex- Plorer to study the nature of the natives of East Manyema. ‘Ihave not thé silghtest doubt that by the beautital women he spoke to me about he meant the women of Kabambarre, in East Man- yema. These women are, without doubt, comely, winning and most amiable compared with any- thing tnat Livingstone may have scen south of South latitude 5 deg. in Africa, But Livingstone should have visited the proud beauties of the Watus! Wanyankon, and of the white race of Gam- boragara. He would then have only remembered the Women of East Manyema for their winsome- Mess and amiability. The traveller “Daoud,” or Dayid, 1s a well-remembered figure in this region between Nyangwe and the Tanganyika. He has made an impression on the people which will not be forgotten for a generation at least. THE GOOD WHITE MAN. “Did you know him?" old Mwana Ngol, of the Luaina, asked of me eagerly. Upon receiving an atfirmative he said to his sons and brothers, “Do you hear what he says? He knew the good white man. Ah, we shall hear all about him.” ‘Then, turning to me, he asked me, “Was he not a very good man? to which I replied, “Yes, my friend; he was good; tar better than any man, white or Arab, you will ever see again." “Ah, yes; you speak trae. He has saved me from being robbed many a time by the Arabs, and he was- fo gentle and patient and told us such pleasant stories of the wonderful land of the white people. um’; the aged white was a good man, indeed !"" Had old Mwana Ngoi been able to speak like an educated person I should, no doubt, have had some. thing like a narrative of David Livingstone's virtues from him, whereas not being educated much of what he-said was broken by frequent hm’s and shakings of his head, as though the traveller's good qualities were beyond description or enumeration, He wisely left the rest to my imagination, and so I leave them to you. WEARY AND INFIRM, But what has struck me, while tracing Living- stone to hia utmost reach—this Arab depot of | Nyangwe--revived ail my grief and pity ror him, more 80 judeed than even his own relation of sor- Tow/ul and heavy things, is that he does not seen to have been aware that he was sacrificing himselt unnecessarily, nor warned of the havoc of age and that power had left him. With the weight of many years pressing on him, the shortest march weary- ing him, compelling nim to halt many days to re- cover his strength, @ serious attack of illness fre- quently prostfating him, with neither men nor Means to escort and enable him to make practical progress, Livingstone was at last like @ blind and infirm juan, aimlessly moving about. From my con- ecience, with not a wint of my admiration and love Jor him lessened in the smallest degree, vut rather increased by what I have heard from Arabs and natives, I must say I think one of his hardest task- wasters was himself. UNABLE TO ADVANGE. For instance, he wants to strike the Lualaba irectiy west of Kabambarre. He accompanies a smali caravan half Way to the river, aud then, find. fn only about fourteen marches; from Peale) he is desirous uf continuing his journey and of following | the Lualaba, but he has no means ‘of purchasing canoes, neither is following the Lualaba practicable, because it is irequently interrupted by falls and rapids, and to follow it by land he has no men; while on the very first day's attempt to do it his People ure driven back by Overwhelming numbers. Ne is then compelled to come to a long halt im Nyangwe, for he cannot go apy- where. His men are not unwilling to a the bes: they can for him, but they and his Arab and native friends tell him that he is not strong eneugh to force his way; that he should have 150 or 200 guns to escort him, anu abundance of beads and shells to pacify and make friends of those who could be induced to be Irendly. It all ends by Livingstone sitting down: at Nyangwe, waiting for an eastward-bound caravan, with which he tinally departs on the road to Ujiji, a sorely tried ana disappointed traveller. BUY NO RETREAT. Indeeil, from my own experience of his terrible determination, I know how useless it would be to advise hin. d slyly suggested several times to him that he should return home, to build his strength up, that he might recommence his work under better auspices. “No, no, no!” “See home, friends, country ?”? “No, no, no, no !?" “To be knighted by the Queen and welcomed by thousands of admirers!" “Yes, but impossible! Must not, cannot, will not !’” ‘Then how could such a determined mah be per- ‘suaded or advised by his servants and his Arab friends? if 1 ain astonished to perceive that I have written at great length about Livingstone, but the words Nyangwe, Manyema, Lualaba, cannot be dissoci- ated irom lis name, Besides 1 am daily told some- ’ thing about bim by my friend Abed bin Salim, and the ruins of his residence here are about thirty feet trom the front door of my burzah. A REMARKABLE REGION, In his conversation with me at Ujiji Livingstone ascribed much Just praise to almost all of the region west of the Goma Mountains. it is a most remark- able region—more remarkable than anything I have seen .in Africa, Its woods, or forests, or Jungles, or bush—I do not know by what particular term to designate the crowded, tall, straight trees Tisipg from au impenetrable undergrowth of bush, creepers, thorns, gums, palms, fronds of all forms, canes and grass—are sublime, even terrible. 1n- deed, nature here is either remarkably or savagely beautiful. At a distance everything looks charm- ing. Take your stand on any eminence or colgne of vantage for view-seeing you may please, be it the crest of a ridge, the summit of a hill, the crowi of @ rock, and if you look around you will find yourself delighted, fascinated. A hundred or a thousand duferent outlines are in view of ridges and ranges, peaks and cones, the boldly waving or softly rolling, of gradua or abrupt slope, of mounds, little patches of levels, of the grand and the picturesque, in bewildering diver- sity of form. You will exclaim that you see the splendor of the tropics—that you have caught Na ture rejoicing aud happy. Over all she has flung a robe of varying green; the hills and ridges are blooming; the valleys and basins exhale perfume; the rocks wear garlands of creepers; the stems of the trees are clothed with moss; a thousand stream- lets of pure cooi water stray, now languid, now quick, toward the north and south and west, The whole makes a pleasing, charming Austratinn pt the bounteousness and wild beauty of tropical Nav ture. “DECEPTIVE BEAUTY. ee Look closer and analyze all this, that you may. find how deceptive is distance. The grasses are coarse ana high and thick. They form a miniature copy ofan African forest. Their spear-like blades wound like knives and their.points like needles; the reeds are tall and tough as bamboo; 1n those pretty looking bushes are thorns—truly the thorns are hooks of steel; the crown of that yonder low hill with such a gentile slope is all but inaccessible, See that glorious crop of crimson flowers on that low bush in the middle of the lawn green, Pause, my friend, before you venture to pluck them. First, that lawn is a deception; it is a forest of tall trees you see, and that beautiful, gorgeous poison bush is nearly thirty feet high, and those green banks of | vegetation in those hollows are almost impenetrable lorest belts. ‘ THE FOREST DEPTHS. Let me show you a specimen of a forest in Man- yema. You will, no doubt, remember that our friend Livingstone was enthusiastic about the woods of Manyema. You would fear to be alone in those mighty solitudes at night. I made a ram ble—a very short one—into a forest once in search of arice cane. There are plenty of canes in these woods, just like Malacca. 1 crawled first through something like a hazel copse, then though a brake, wherein thorns and palmettas were very corspicu. ous, then through a strip of morass out of which shot upward a dense growth of tall grasses and stiff! water cane. Crushing my’ way through this obstacle lcame to the edge of tne forest, where lines of tall, straight young giants stood foremost, extended like skirmishers in front of the dense masses of Titans, which solemnly stood behind. Tne young giants offered no impediment, and | proceeded further in, feeling my eyes open wider and wider with astonishment at sight of the enormous thickness, height, number and close array of the jorest mouarchs. ETERNAL STILLNESS. But I went to look for canes, and after a quarter Of an hour's search for one of the desired size I at last four it, and pointed it out to my gun bearer, who cutit. As I was leisurely peeling it I per- ceived that my mind, not satisfied with the transient fmpression made on it by the massiveness and great height of the trees, felt. overwhelmed by the scene. It seemed to receive a solemn or pensive repose from ity and my hands, acted upon by the mind, ceased their labor, aud my eyes Were instantly uplifted. I grad- ually felt mysel! affected more strongly than can be described at the deathly stillness, in the middle of which appeared those majestic, loity, naked and gray figures, like 80 many silent apparitions. 1 looked at them with the same feeling [ have often felt in looking at very ancient ruins; for these were also yenerabie monuments, witnesses of the an- clentness of time, all the more impressive because T alone was thus surrounded by them. MAJESTIC TREES. Looked I above or around, north or south, east or west, [ saw only the silent gray shafts of these Majestic trees. The atmosphere seemed weighted with an eloquent, though dnmb, bigtory, wherein Ing that the caravan proceeds no further, he is com- pelled to come to & halt, even turn back*with it to Kabambarre. Next he proceeds to Nyangwe; is bout two montis on the road, though the distance | l read, heard, saw and inhaled the record of lost years and lands. For the time I dropped all remembrance of self and identity—all perception Of other scenes and reposes, 1 seemed to hear sibeilinnad their pany their grand old age, their superiority and their tmperturbablity. They appeared to say:—Centuries ago were we sown. Silent, serene’ and undisturbed we grew. We know no strife, contention or passion of your world, Though born of the earth, fed and nourished by it, yet are we unaffected with the fate of things on the earth. We are 500 years old. Where wast thou, atom of restless humanity, when we were born? What art thou but a brief accident, slight as the dead leaves under thy feet? Go and tell your kind you have seen silence!” * DWARFS AND CHIMPANZEES, But really Manyema woods are ex@ecdingly sol- emn. 1 shall probably see more of them as I travel west. Iam told by those who have penetrated some distance into them that they contain any numbers of sokos (gorillas). Livingstone informed me that these 4okos are gorillas, Ihave not seen any yet; I have only heard their hoarse cries in the woods; but from the aescriptions given of them by the Arabs and natives! am inclined to think they are chimpanzees. Other singular creatures of these forests are said to be the dwarts, whose heights have been variously given from thirty incnes to four feet. They are evidently nomads, and “they must have an exceedingly wide Tange. They are said to be exceedingly fond of meat, all creatures furnishing them with the means of existence, from an ele- Phant toarat. They are more attached tothe pur- suit of the etephant than any other, probably be-- cause of the abundance of meat those animals sup- ply. Thelr weapons are poisoned arrows, whose deadly effect is so feared by the Wangaana that they have renounced allintention to molest them any more, While in the new regiotto which Iam bound I shall endeavor to obtain a personal know- ledge of the sokos and the dwarfs. “WHAT'S IN A NAME?” The name of Manyema has become very familiar to readers of late African travels. The word is pronounced in various ways—Man-yema, Manu- yema, Many-wena, but I believe Man-yema ia the Most popular. I take it to be a corraption of Mana, or Mwana-Yema—the son of Yema. It is rare we near of the proper names of countries in this region. Thus we are told Kabanubarri is Mwana-Kusu, Kizam- bala is Mwana-Ngol, Tubanda is known to most People under the name of Mwana-Mamba. We have also Mwana-Kidenda, Mwana-Marumbu, Mwana-Melenge or Merenge, &c. It is mot a very large country. 1¢ covers an area of about ten thousand square miles, About halt of it is spread over with dense wuods; the more southern halr is embraced by the broad Luama Valley and the fine open country of Uzura, ‘The hills are without doubt the effect of that great convulsion which formed Lake Tanganyika. In certain localities the streams run over lava beds and iron ore, which has the aspect of being smelted. But Manyema is not so interesting nor a fourth as large as Uregga. It 18 dificult to enter into apy details about 2 country as yet butrpartially ex- plored, but from the descriptions ‘given of its mountains and hills, and of the many large rivers which intersect it, I have a strong conviction Uregga would repay exploration. Uregga, like Manyema, consists of small districts governed by independent chiefs, HOW THEY ARR CONFUSED. Tre “Lualaba” 1s an instance among many in his Romenclavure T could furnish you ot Livingstone's ‘ex sive partiality for the letter B. AccOraing to the natives it should be proounced Lu-él-awa, not Tuiw-ld-bai, but tordigit’ tOtigen, Witt tHetf ‘respect. ive influences—that of the Arab slaves over the Aravs, the Arabs over the white traveller, the white traveller over his countrymen—have given us a choice of names, When Moeni Dugumbi’s slaves first entered Man- yema thcy thought they heard the great mver called U-gal-owa, whereas the natives’ no doubt said Lu-dl-awa or Lu-dl-uwa. The slaves, returning to their master, Dugumbi, said they had seen a sea- like river called U-gd-lowa. Dugumbi is interested at once, and repeats, in- verrogatively, “Uga-rowa?’ by which we find Ugalowa 1s changed to Ugarowa. Duguinbi writes, in his letters to his friends at Ujijiand Unyanyembe, about Ugarowa. Arab slaves convey tidings wherever they go of Ugalowa. Mohammed vin Gharib brings Livingstone with him from Ujijl, who is destined to give the river another name. On the road to Nyangwe, with interested ears, he hears the native name Lu-d'l-awa. His dislike of the Arab and tne slave hunter causes him to reject, and but he cannot resist giving the word a Livingston- ianimpression, We therefore heard of—not Lu-d'l- awa—but Lua-id-ba. LIVINGSTONE RIVER. It geographers left It to me to decide what name should be given it most heartily would J beseech them to letit be called Livingstone River or Liv- ingstone’s Lualaba, to commemorate his discovery of it and his herolc straggies against adversity to explore it. At the present dry season the river here is about one thousand yards wide ; during the Monsoon or rainy season it extends to about two miles in width at Nyangwe. Three days from date 1 propose to set out ina northerly direction, through Uregga, occasionally striking the Lualaba, to maintain an acquaintance with it, and continue northeriy to the utmost of my limits, means and power. HENRY iM. STANLEY. THY SLAVE TRADE—A DISCUSSION OF ITS EVILS AND DEMORALIZING INFLUENCES—DZPOPU- LATED DISTRICTS—THE WILDEENESS ABSONB- ING WHAT WERE ONCE WELL CULTIVATED FVIELDS—HOW THE HORRIBLE TRAFFIC IN MAN MAY BE SUPPRESSED, NYANGWE, Oct. 25, 1871 To tHe DAILY TELEGRArR AND New Yi HERALD:— The subject which I choose for this letter Is one professedly of interest toa large class of Englishmen and Americans, and, I believe, to many people in Germany. Itis the siave trade in the Airican in- terior and those who deal in the traMfc and amass wealth out of it Ingiving you af ucconnt of its nature I promise you not to indulge my personal fecliugs, but to be cool, precise and literal, bvehe ing that the letter will have more effect than if it contained merely vituperations and objurgations against the slave traders. One has to travel very far in Africa, from east toward west, before he will begin to experience that strong antipatietic feeling to the slave- traders so characteristic in Livingstone; for. the slave trade elsewhere is mostly confined to small private retafi dealings in human flesh between rightly, the corrupted term Ugalawua, or Ugarowa, | NEW YORK HERALD, WED. ESDAY, OCTOBER 10, 1877—QUADRUPLE SHEKY. jo dozen slaves are exchanged quietly between tradera, as the exigencies of business or currency require. These tew slaves are perhaps accepted in payment of u iong standing debt, or are pum chased to complete the number of domestic servants, The buying or selling of them im such a quiet, orderly nianner does not strike one as being specially repulsive—rather more as an exchange from one domestic service to another WHOLKSALE AND RETAIL, At Unyanyembe perhaps he may see a sight once ina while to provoke indignation and dis- gust. To witness it dally, however, the traveller arp eyes and exert himself in a hot Uttie more than is desirable or comfort- able. In Uganda the trade begins to assume & wholesale churacter, yet it still retaing a business aspect, not purticularly shocking to any great ex- tent, for the dismalities and heartrendings 1t pro- yokes are all bushed up long before the slaves be- come the property of the Arabs. The kings and clitefs, to whose peculiar tastes. such an extensive aud singular trade is: owing, have long ago dried the tears of the captives by searing thelr nerves and severing the chords of sympathy and of feel- ing-by cruel means, so. that, except in infrequent instances, there ure no more tears to be shed or power of walling left when they begin to be driven in Nocks toward the Arab depots or the coast. MERDS OF EBONY SKELKTONS. At Ujiji one sees a slave market established—not @ central market, as at Zanzibar, but in several slave folds or siave pens, maintained by degraded half-castes or demoralized Wajiji—whence they are taken by those in need of slaves for service or for retail sale. The Objects of, traitic, as they are landed at the shore of Ujijl, are generally in a ter- ribie condition, reduced by hunger to ebony skele- tons—attenuated weaklings, unable to sustain their large, angular heads, Their voices have quite lost the manly ring; they are mere whines and moans of desperatety sick 1olkk. Scarcely one is able to stand upright; the back represents an ounstrung bow, with something of the serrated appearance of a crovodile’s : chine. Every part of ther irames shows the havoc of hunger, which has made them Jeau, wretched and infirm creatures. Just here I could, if i might, Jaunch out into vigorous abuse of the authors of these crimes, and they deserve a thousandfold more denunciation than can be in- vented by me or by any humane soul in Europe; but I haye promised to be cool, precise and literal. Yet I may say that all the Satanic host protects thei, Jor it must be assuredly owing to the deep wiles of hell and its inhabitants that the people of a small island like Zanzibar are permitted to commit crimes such as no European State understands. FAMISHING WOMEN AND CHILDREN. The living skeletons described above have all been marched from Marungu to Ugubha; thence to Uji they were crowded in canoes, When our expedition crossed over to Ugubha we met 800 slaves of exactly such a cast us already de- scribed, princivally children and women. I do not m¢an to say that these 800 were all skeleton- ized thus by hunger. There were a few—perhaps fifty, perhaps more—who still possessed somewhat of rotundity im their forms; but these, I was tokt by the traders, sustained themselves by assiduous consumption of roots, berries, voided grain, &c. ‘The canoes which brought the expedition to Ugubha returned to Ujiji with full cargoes of slaves. Frank Pocock, my Furopean servant, bad often read in English journals accounts of the treatment and con- dition of African slave droves, but until our arrival at Ugubha he said he never realized in bis own mind what that treatment really was, Poor Frank, obliged to be sent back to Upjiji to recover some deserters, had more than enough of terrible scenes, for he was obliged to take passage in a heavily loaded slave canoe, wherein fiity little withered wretches were crowded into a mass like so muauy starved pigs. As the canoe was three days en route Frank's nerves were terribly tortured. THE HUMAN SPOILS OF WAR, These slaves are the profitable result of a sys- tematic war waged upon all districts in the popu- Jous country of Marungu by banditti, supported by Arab means, directly ‘and indirectly. Directly, be- cause Arabs purchase the slaves taken in these wars for powder and guns, by means of which the warsare sustained; and indirectly, because there is no other market than the Arabs supply to relieve the banditti of the thousands which other. wise would have to be released from sheer want ot tood. KIDNAPPERS, These banditti are Unyamweze, armed with guns purchased at Unyanyembe and Bagamoyo, | und perfectly acqtainted with Arab commerce and the most profitable wares. ‘hey baud themselves for the desperate purpose af enslaving all tribes and peoples which are, from want of means and organization, too weak to resist them. No coun- try offers such a field for these gangs of kidnap- pers as Marangu, where every small village is in- dependent and generally at variance with ita neighbor, Almost all the adult maies are slain in the most cruel manner and «heir bodies are afterward backed and dismembered and hung up on trees along the road, that; the terror of such a fate may render villages and districts not yet at- tacked more submissive an! unresisting. The women and youths are too valuable to slay, and the Arabs require them. PRINCIPAL AND AGENT, The owner of 260 of these pwor, hungry, skele- tonized slaves, whom we met at; the Arab crossing place in Ugubha, was Said bin Sitlim, thé Governor of Unyamyembe and the former’ cuaperon of Bur- ton and Speke on their Journey to Ujiji in 1858-59, It was the third bateh of this yea't, 1876, which has thus been consigned to Said bin Sadim, an officer in the employ of Burghash, Prince of Zanzibar. 1 have reflected much upon the singularity of this fact. Prince Burghash lately made a treaty with Great Britain, wherein—but you Itnow all about it. I believe it had something to do with prohibit- ing trade in slaves, and a promise—a, written prom- ise—from Seyed Burghash was obtained that he would do all in his power to stop the trade. Do you not think it singu- lar that Said bin Salim, an officer of Seyed Burghash, should be engaged in this con- demoed traffic? I have medituted duly on the ex- cuses which might be made for Said bin Salim, such as exigencies of business, necessities of the in- terior, domestic service. But, just Heavenw! what can this Governor of Unyanyembe want wit 600 or 600 women aud children’? I feei tempted to say strong things against this man, Said bin Salim, but Iam restramed by ny promise. This much | will-say, that Said bin Salim, to the best of my knowledge wud veliet, is one of the principal siave Arab and Arab. Two or three, or bali w dozen, or | traders in Asrica, eud Said vie’Salum is an officer of Prince Burghash, and more than that, that Said bin Salim is the most trasted ageut of the authorities at Zanzibar. “MW TAGOMOYO HAS NO HEART.” _ You will perceive this letter 1s dated at Nyangwe, Manyema. Many will remember that Livingstone Said he was witness of some dreadful scenes en- acted here, which made his “heart sore”? One terrible act he described. A half-caste, called Tagamoyo, was the principal actor. When I ar- rived in the same town where such a proceeding (a8 Livingstone wrote about) is said to have taken Place, I asked It it was true, “Quite true,” said @ native of Zanzibar, fraukly. “Ah, M'tagomoyo has no heart; his heart 13 very small indeed ; it is as big as the end of @ finger.’ Meaning that it was pitiless, undisturbed by compussion or teel- ing; for & liberal, just and kind man is said to have @ big heart, THY HUNTING GROUNDS, Between Bagamoyo and Unyanyembe, I said, one sees but retail sales of slaves; that in Uganda he beholds a wholesale trade without many horrors; that in Ujiji | saw large slave droves, and that in Ugubha T saw about eight hundred slaves almost too weak to stand Irom hunger. In Manyema I ar- rived On one of the fields where slaves are obtained, where it may be said they ure grown, reaped and harvested, or,, more correctly, where they are parked, shot or captured, as the case may be; for until slaves are needed they are permitted to thrive iw thelr small, umprotected villages, to plant their corn, to attend their plantations and improve their dwellings, to quarrel in that soft, mild manner peculiar to simple and aot over strong-minded sav ages, Which does but little harm to anybody. MURDER POR SPORT. When, however, there is a growing demand tor slaves, @ revival in the trade, Moeni lbugambi of Nyangwe, Mohammed bin Nassur of Kassessa, Mo- hammed-vin-Said of Mama Mamba, each, settled at an angle of a large triangular district, invite their irtends and dependents tor a few days’ sport, just as an English nobleman Invites his friends to grouse or deer shooting. Now, in this general bat- tue it 18 understood, of course, that all men found carrying spears should be considered dangerous, and shot, to be cut to pieces afterward; but the women and children and submissive adults are prizes which belong to the victors. The murder of people on this scale is cuiled a war and a griev- auce, as with your potentates—for war is soon dis- covered where the losses are always on the side of the simple savages. In a coarse, not always successful, manner the savages sometimes attempt to retaliate, and then follows another grievance and another war. DISMAL RRCORDS, Thave three little extracts from my notebook which I request you to publish, to the truth of which any Arab or Arab siave at present in Ny- angwe would be quite willing to testify: — “Oct. 17.—Arabs organized to-day from the three districts of Kassessa, Mwana Mamba and Nyangwe to avenge the murder and eating of Mo- hammedd in Soud and ten men by a tribo near Mana Mpunda, half way between Kassessa and Ny- angwe. After six days’ slaughter the Arabs re- turned with 800 slaves and 1,500 gouts, besides spears, back cloths, stools, &c. “Oct. 24 —The natives of Kabanga, near Nyangwe, were sorely troubled twoor three days ago by a visit paid them by some Usnyamweze in the employ of Mohammed bin Said. Their insolence was so unbearaple that the natives at lust said, ‘We will stand this no longer. They will force our wives and daughters before our eyes if we hesitate longer to kill them. Kill them! kill them! and before the Arabs come we will be off.’ Unfortunately only one of the Vanyamweze was killed; the others took new ‘grievance.’ To-day Mtagmoyo, whose heart is only as big as the end of one’s flingér, set out for the scene of action with @ murderous celerity, and, besides making fifteen slaves, killed thirty, and set fire to eight villages. Mtugemoyo was said by the Arabs to have made but a “small prize.” ” “Oct. 26,—The day after my arrival here bas been signalled by an attack made by Mtagamoyo upon the Wagenya, or fishermen, on the left bank of the Lualaba., He departed in the night, and returived this day noon with fifty or sixty women und a few children. QUIETING TROUBLESOME NEIGUBORS. « ‘Are these wats of yours frequent’ I asked my iriend Abed bin Salim. “ ‘Frequent! Sometimes six times and ten times @ month,’ be replied. ‘We cannot teach these pa- gans to be quiet. They gre always kicking up trouble, killing some of our people whenever they can get achance. A stnall force of tive or ten guns dare not set out to hunt game. We are aiways on the lookout for trouble, and when we hear of it we all set out tu punish them.'** The method of punishment which the Arabs have adopted in Manyema means a cutthroat gtab at anything or everything, trom a woman to an empty gourd, trom a goat or a pig toa hen’s egg, and an indiscriminate shooting into anything bear- ing the semblance of an armed foe, When such simple savages as these of Manyema run away half dead with fright, unnerved by the frightiul noise of musketry and whistle of murder- ous slugs in their ears, it may well be imagined that many little things of value to Arabs and their slaves are picked up. My picture also proves how most of the miserable half-castes and Arab starve- v0 armed slaves each, They have but uttle cloth and beads to buy food for these slaves; they must therefore be sustained by the profits and loot de- Tived irom raids. CREATING A WILDERNESS. Wade Safeni, one of the captains in our expedl- tion, said to me as we marched from Mana Mamba to Nyangwe, “Master, all this plain lying between Mana Mamba and Nyangwe, when I first came here, eight years ago, was populated so thickly that we travelled through gardens and fields and vidages every quarter of an hour. There were flocks of goats and droves of hiack pigs round every village. A bunch of bananas could be purchased jor one cowrie, You can seo what the country is now for yourself.” Isaw an uninhabited wilderness—mostly. The country Was only redeemed from utter depopula- tion by @ small inhabited district, at intervals of six hours’ march, the people of which seemed to be ever on the qué vive against attack. If the Arabs intended to colanize this country such reck- | less conduct aud indiscriminate shooting of people would be deemed great folly, but the Arabs have no Intention of coloniziug Manyema, They are merely temporary residents in a district which up to the present time Las offered golden opportuni- ties of trade, fright and disappeared to rouse the Arabs with a | 9 considered the character of the inhabitants, and they saw that the natives of Mapyema were least ! able of any tribe or tribes ia Ceupral Africa to fae teriere with them, THE PROGRESS OF DEPOPULATION. As Livingstone was one of the early arrivals. among the strangers in Manyema, he was able to Rote and observe the Mrst symptoms and the causes of depopulition which has been going.om now fora period of eight years. Were it possible that he could rise trom the dead and take a glance at the districts now depopulated, it is probable that be would be more than ever filled with sorrow at the misdoings of these traders. The Arava have been now over eight years in Manyema, yet, though their slaves have made progress further west, they have been unable to discover, @ - suitable locality for trade, or to secnre @ site for trading depot. The natives further west appear by their reports to be ex tremely savage and combative. Every caravan— though one numbered 290 guns—has been compelled to turn back much reduced in numbers, with wotuw tales of fighting, besieging, and suffering from want of food, AVOIDING WARLIKE TRIBES. It will be thus seen that the Arab traders, aaving @special regurd for their health, do pot care to injure themselves by making raids against strong tribes; that they prefer weak, small tribes, whose want of organization and combination rendera them specially powerless against @ compact body of one hundred men armed with muskets, Manyema and Marungu, unfortunately for their inhabitants, offered attractive opportunities from local causes. Each smail village obeyed a separate chief and their near neighborhood one to another engendered tribal jealonsies and hutes, 80° that, when the traders came, they were not ouly spurred to assume the offensive by their own ava- rice, but each chief did his best to secure their aid against his neighbor. Manyema has become a prey for the Arabs, and Marungu is being depopu- Jated by the Vanyamweze in Arab interests. HOW SLAVES ARK EMPLOYED, The Arabs buy gangs of men in the African in- terior, for the business of purchasing ivory necessitates & demand for human carners, aud, as hired porters are not always to be ob- tamed, they are naturally compelled to purchase slaves to convey the precious material to the coast. Until ivory ceases to be an article of de- mand we ought not to blame the Arabs much for doing the best they can, consistent with the state of thinys, to collect it and bring it to their seaport. In the treatinent of their siaves they must also be credited with not cruelly abusing their own inter. ents, Except under very rare circumstances the condition of the slaves is not worse than when they enjoyed their savage freedom. If the Arubs con- tented themselves with buying slaves and were free from the charge ol assisting to enslave the un fortunates we should be deprived of much right (CONTINUED ON TENTH PAGE.] HOTEL ARRIVALS, Senator Theodore F. Raudolpn, of New Jersey; Io spector General Randolph B. Marcy, United State: Army, and Congressinap Randall L. Gibson, of Lou:st una, ure at the New York, Colonel William Holma M. P., at Glasgow, Scotiand; Congressmon Martin L. ‘Townsend, of Troy, and Amaziab B, James, or Ogdeus burg, N. Y.; Colonel J, E. Tourteilotte, of Genera Sherman’s staff; William E. Chandior, of New Hamp shire; ex-Governor R. McClelland, of Michigan, au J. B. Barnaby, of Providence, are at the Filth Avenue Captain H, W. Howgate, United States Army, and Rev, | Dr. 8. G. Muckingham, of Springfeld, Masa, aro at the St. Nicholas, General Martin D, Hardin, United States Army, and Chief Fogineer Albert 8. Groene, United States Navy, are at the Union Square. Daniel Robin- son, Vice President of the Troy and Boston Ratiroaa Company, and Osman Latrobe, of London, are at the Windsor, Major Poter C. Hains, United States Army, and Rev, D. Franklin Johnson, of Cambridge, Masr., aro atthe Astor, George B. Corktilll, of Washington jgatthe Metropolitan, 8. H. Kauffman, of Washing ton, is atthe Wostminster, Postmaster J. W. Kaow! ton, of Bridgeport Conn., is at the Hoffman, ACTORS, VOOALISTS, PUBLIC SPEAKERS REC owiend Hatx’s Honky OF Honauocxp axp Tan Pike's Toottacux Duors cure in one minute A,—BENNETT BUILDING. _ SIRE PROOF. LOCATED ON NN TON HANDSOME, White Estep OrntoRs TO LET ON ug 7y AB TERMS, LAWYERS, BANKERS. 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