The New York Herald Newspaper, October 30, 1875, Page 5

THE RELIGIOUS QUESTION, | Mr. Gladstone on Italy and Her Church, Relation of the States of Enrope to Italy and the Vatican. eS CHURCH AND STATE. The Latin Communion and Italian Citizenship. Lonpon, Oct. 1®, 1875, Aremarka»!s article on “Italy and Mer Church’? ap- pears in the initial namber of the “Church Quarterly Review.’’ This latest addition to the English quarterlics Js intended to advocate the opinions of what is known as progressive Enghish High Churehism, or of that party in the Church of which Dr. Pusey in days gone by was the Jeading spirit. The Review contains nine articles, all anonymous with the one exception of “The Present Position of the Irish Church,"? which a note declares is the chargo delivere! to the clergy of the diocese of Derry a few wecks ago in St. Colomb’s cathedral by the Bishop ot Derry and Raphoc. The interest which has been shown in Engtand in the first issue of this period- ical arises from the fact that it has been known for some time that Mr, Gladstone would contribute an article to its pages, and although with the one exception we bave named the anonymity of the writers has been earefally preserved, “Italy and Her Church’? bears the ovident imprint of the master thought of the ex. Yremier of England. The following are the tntro- ductory pages: Let no susceptibilities, Puritan, Protestant, Anglican or other, be startled if we observe that Rome is and may long be, in some important respects, the centre of tho Christian world, It is, indeed, a centre which repels as well as attracts; which probably ropels even more than itattracts; but which, whether repelling or attracting, fofuences, It need nob be feared; but it ought not to be overlooked: as the vavigator fears not the tides, but yet must take account pithem, It influences that wide Christendom in which England, with its Church, is but an insulated though aot an inconsiderabie spot. The political power of England is great; but its religious influence is small. The sympathies even of non-conforming England with continental Protestantism aro and must be partial; the dominant tone and direction of the two are fur {rom identical. The Church, though in rather more free contact than our non-conforming bodics with the learn- ing of Protestant Germany, is ol course more remote from its religious tendencies. The Latin communion forces the Church of England more and more into sharp antagonism, and we ure only beginning to sound the possibilities of an honorable but independent relation of friendship with the East. In matter of religion, poetry might still with some truth sing of the penitus toto di. visos orbe Britannos, We have ot all nations the great- est amount perhaps of religions individuality, cer- tainly of religious self-suificiency. A moral as well as @ natural sea surrounds us, and at once protects and isolates us from the ‘world, But this is of course ina sense which is comparative, notabsolute. The electric torces which pervade the Christian atmosphere touch us largely, outer bar- Darmans though we be; und they touch us increasingly, And a multitude of circumstances make us aware that, if we are at least as open to criticism as our neighbors, yet we have, like them, a part to play in Christendom, and a broad field to occupy with our sympathies, under the guidance of such intelligence as we may possess, In the endeavor to discuss the scope and limits of this field we should above all things beware of the temptation tv exact from others either the adoption, or even the exact appreciation, of our insular and national pecnliarities. Community of first principles 1s that tor which we needs must look, not identity in the form of development. Now, iu the religion of the Ketormed English Church, the conservation of authority is a first principle, and the restoration of freedom and of the Tespect due to the individual conscience is another; and if there be anything claiming the name and dignity of afirst principle which it has been specifically and more than others given tothe Church of gland to uphold, it has been the maintenance in their just com- bination ‘of these two great vital forces, and the en- deavor to draw from their contact a harmonious result. ITALY AND MEM CHURCH. Let us now, turning our ey toward Ital; whether we have anything, or anything special with it in reference to the religious question which lies 80 perilously near its seat of national life. And first, It- aly is the country, in the very heart of which has been planted that ominous phenomenon, unparalleled in history, the Temporal Power of the Popedom. In the claim of the Lat Church to territorial sovereignty, inquire have any other than a secondary concern. Italy it is palpably matter of lite “and death, We do not enter into the question whether any of the possi: bilities of the past years would have permitted the co- existence of asold Italian nationality together with a Popedom oxercising temporal dominion. — It doomed her to the weakness and dishonor of existing only in fractions, Ifthe head was to be independent of the body, the members of the body loved also to be inde: pendent one of another. The subtle observant inte ence of Macchiavelli, and more than two centuries fore him, the vast, all-embracing genius of Dante, saw in the Triregno the bane of their coun? try. It seems as though their prophetic insight bad been fully vindicated by the pie. we now behold, where the Pope King and the na- of ground, represent an_ incompatibility that cannot be overcome or softened, Italy must cease to be a nation or the Papacy must consent to the mutilation of the triple crown. So far as this problem is one of material forces it scems to depend primarily on Italy herself. And in is view it has been settled—settled, with a settlement taken tobe final, But it does not depend wholly or ultt- mately on Italy. There is a doctrine which had at one time the countenance even of Montalembert, and which we do not know thathe ever retracted. Accord- ing to this doctrine all members of ‘THE LATIN COMMUNION dispersed throughout the world are invested with aright of proper citizenship in Italy, which deprives the people of that peninsula of the right to dispose of their own soil, and which authorizes this fictitious entity, this hon-resident majority, to claim that in the very heart of the peninsula a territory shall be eet apurt from their jurisdiction for the purpose of subserving the spiritual interests of Homan Catholics and of their Church, The votaries of this doctrine hold with perfect consistency that such a right, being one of proper citizenship, may be entordéed by the sword, Neither is this a mere opinion of the schools, Neither is it a tradition which, havin; once lived, is now dead. In 1848 the people of the Fart State overthrew the sacerdotal government, consti- tuted themselves into a republic, and evinced every disposition to keep the peace, and to respect the rights of neighbors, But the swords of four States were at them. France, Austria, Spain and jes, upon the preposterous plea of deing invested, as Catholic nations, with a title to dis- pose of the civil interest of several millions of men, put down the free Stato in 1849. The operations of Naples and of Spain were feeble and insigniticant, The Mterventions of Austria, due in a great part to her ‘alse position as the mistress of Lombardy’ aud Vene- tia, reached their final term many years ago, and noth- ng can be more unlikely than their renewal. But France, which had no territorial interest to dofend, tnd whieh is supposed to be rather more exempt than any country in Kuropé from the weaknesses not only of enthusiam, but ot belief, maintained by sheer force the lapal throne until the exigencies of the crisis compelled her in 1570 to evacuate Civita Vecchia, May she not, or can she not, ever do thie again’ A question of vast and profound interest to Enrope, and one of those questions to the ery of which England cannot altogether shut her ears, Certain it is that Heo CAL Hever perform the same Operation with the same erro as in 1549, At that timo Italy had no friend aniong the nations excopt Engiand, Even in England sentiment was far‘ trom being united, The conservative party, even as it was represented in Its most liberal members, such as Lord At was opposed to the popular xentiment of Italy; and to this division it may have been owing that Lord Patrerston, who sympathized warmly with that sentiment and ro: fused to admit the doctrine that Eng! Protestant Power, no title to act in the matter, theless confined himself to contendi o overnmont should, upon its rest nd the spiritual authority severed from aiid institutions of the State, Russia dad the spectre of Poland inher eye, and was associated in ali Ruropean questions with the anti-popular and anti-national canse Prussia, at that time, considered herself xo bonnd b; German sympathies as to bold that the pos the Quadrilateral by the Emperor of Austric & German interest. It w therefore —ensy France to subjugate by sheer forec tho Keo people; act, at the price of this unwarrantable the government of Louis Napoleon, then P urchased the ultramoutane enpport, which upheld jin on lis way to the 2d of December, and so turned a wavering seale in his favor as to give him the imperial throne. THe CHANGE IN KUROPY, Tho face of Europe has now, in thie as in other respects, undergone a great change. aly is endowed With the sense, the responsibility and the power of na- tonal existence; and, though still beset by The gr: financial ditticulties, cannot without a te disinte Neither Austria nor Kursu are any tonger her enemies. victorious over France in w single-handed on and bs ber triend, and 6 of selt-int the 1 thre dacious cam iv, Indeed, not y f Vaticrniam, whieh es the civil rights and order of Christen- “om, DUE IL Is the only one whieh dir and imn ely betrays its plirpose, and the restoration by & French army of the temporal power would nnques tionably compromise the very existence of the German Empire, Add to this that Francs has no jast or real interest in the accomplishment of this tagitious « nm; nor 4s it sanctioned by the general sense ot her people, There ia no reason todoubt that the great majority of 1, to do | jon of ae i | i | 1 ra rugglo submit | | the navions of Europe gencrally may be thought not to 4 7 But for | the dogma; from the educated mind of Italy the dogma King, contronting one another on the same spot | Ecumenical Vouncil of Trent has o: them view it on its merits with decided disap, But then there is no reason to suppose that the gen- eral sense of Frenchmen was favorable to the act of violence committed in_ 1849. The ultramontane sect evidently directed it. The snpport of that sect was necessary to give a majority to Napoleontam, and the government, once installed, carried the reluctant country with it into the war, even as, on the later and greater occasion of 1870, she was precipitated into the structive strife with Germany from motives most], identical on the part of the projectors. France, wit all her Wonderful and in many respects unrivalled gofis, has yet, after a ninety years’ apprenticeship, to Joarn the lirst lessons of the alphabet of political free- dom, und her relation to the candidates lor her gov- ernment was well illustrated by Mentalembert as that of a railway train, with the steain up and all things ready, waiting only for the driver of the engine, when ho who cun first step up becomes, and for the time remains, absolute master of the situation. FRANCK AND GERMANY. That powerful setting of the current of n motive and inclination, which we iil n Fate, seems to determine France toware another deadly contest with Germany for the hegemony of the Continent. No doubt her words, and, what is more, her thoughts to-day are those of peace but her under-thought, so to speak, the embryo of he mind in the future, which waits for its development, and for an atmosphere to tive in, is war: war for recoy- ery, perhaps more than for supremacy. When the time of that terrible war shall arrive, the very instin of nature will teach her to strengthen herself by associ+ ation with all the elements congenial to her purpose, Now, such an association can hardly arise in the normal shapo of alliance between State and State, Under this head she may possibly reckon, according to general ap- pearances, upon the sympathy of Spain. Buta coun- try which after having risen so high has sunk £0 low, and which resembles France at present only in its inca- pacity of self-government, can connt tor little. The true ally of France willbe an ally withouta name; it will be the ultramontane minority which pervades the world; which triumphs in Belgium; whieh brags in England; which partly governs and partly plots in France; which — disqniets, thongh without strength to alarm, Germany and Austria; which is weaker perhaps in Italy than in any of those countries, bat whioh is everywhere coherent, everywhere tena- cious of its purpose, everywhere knows its mind, fol- Jows its leaders and bides its time. This minority, which hates Germany ana persecutes Itaty, will by a fatal and inevitable attraction be the one fast ally of France, if ever France be again so far overmastered by her own internal foes as to launch again upon a wild carecr of political ambition wearing the dishonorable and fictitious garb of religious fanaticism. Thus, then, there are two great forces which, when the occasion mes, Will menace peace-—the political resentment and self-recovering energy of France, which has Ger- many for the object of its hostility, and the venomous ambition of Curialism, determined to try another fall before it finally renounces its dream of temporal dominion, which drives at Italy. And these two inay, in ill-assorted wedlock, even while hating one another all the time, band themselves together, in pursuit of their entirely distinct objects, by a common and identi- cal line of action. ITALY AND THE FCTORE. Ever since Italy, not wholly by her own might, achieved her national unity her successive gover ments seem tohave cast beside and behind them as evil dreams all these dark speculations on the future, In this course of procecding they haye probably repre- sented and rotlected, with general accuracy, the senti- iment, if not of the nation, yet of the governing classes of the nation. That such a sentiment should have had currency in Italy is among the most singular phenomena the Germany and Austria, which are not menaced by the claims of Vaticanism, except in con mon with all civilized nations, have deemed it neeaful to defend themselves, by regulative or repressive laws, « st the encroachments ot ecclesiastical power, But Italy has pursued. the negative or neutral course. She stands by and folds hee arms. And yet she is the country whose vory heart it is the jixed desire and de- sign of the Roman Curia, and of its abettors through- out Christendom, to tear out of its bleeding body, for the purpose of erecting anew the fabric of the Temporal Power now crumbled in the dust. This indifference toward the Church, in the sphere of religion, has been accompanied to some extent with severity, and even With harshuess, at its point of contact with property which could be made available for the needs of the State, But let us for the present contemplate it by itself, and give it the exammation which, in the view of history and philosophy, it so well deserves, ITALIAN INDIFFERENCE TO THE PAVACY, The indifference of Italy, then, to Papal claims is in our view due to her proximity to the local source from whence they proceed, and’ springs partly from the knowledge, partly from the illusions which belong to that proximity. The master spirit of Dante, near 600 years ago, knew how to distinguish between the Curia or Popedom, with its surrounding organization, and the Christian religion as professed in the Western Church, But this privilege ahd power ot diserimination were commitied only to the highest minds, Even for Dante it would probably have been tar more difficult now to make this great distinction, to denounce his Antichrist without losing hold of bis Beatrice, his em- budied Christianity, than it was at the period when ho lived, ‘ate as mnatter of fact it is undeniable that among the governing classes of Italians this dis- tinction has not, from 1860 onward, been effectually drawn, Profligacy, corruption and ambition have, unitedly and erally, done their destructive work through the Curia and the Papal chair, and in doing it | they of course have heayily tainted the faith of which that chair was the gnardian, For a long time the prin- ciple of belief remained so vigorous in Christendom that it was able to bear wf against these terrible dead- | weights, and yet to retain its buoyancy. But as its in- ward energies declined it gradually became unequal to sustaining the unnatural burden ; its power of floatation, became less and less, ‘The ill-sta Curialism and the dogma could not Curialism Jong lived upon the credit of alliance betwee dissolved, r be has now been largely eflaced in the discredit and repu- diation of Curialisin. Therefore it is that the peculiar indifference of Italy is due partly to its special knowledge, partly to its be- setting illusions, She has lived with Dagon at her | centre; she has been able daily to see, hear, touch an handle'him; sho has taken the measure of his preten- sions; she knows the materials he is made of, Of m- terdicts and excommunications she tas had the largest | experience; and, though feared elsewhere, they have | lost their terrors for her and for her children, “Every | thunderbolt of the Vatican, as it was launched to what- ever point of the compass, has passed before her eye; and familiarity has bred contempt, She knows that the municated all | poral power: und she tecls / er the better, for the ex: communication, "Strong in her sense of national right and independence, 4n the high endowments of her people, and, to afar ‘greater extent than is com- monly, known, in the enduring vitality of her local in- stitutions, she has no fears of aught ‘that may betide her while walking along the road of national dignity and duty, and asserting her indeleasible ttle to an equal share of the common rights of men. ‘All this is well, and, a8 to the substance of the issue raised, she is Wholly right; the Roman Church is grossly wrong. We cannot deny that here and thero the Itahan State may have used its undoubted right with accidental harshness, The secularization of the property of THE RELIGIOUS ORDERS has been of necessity amore or less rude, though highly needful, operation. knowledge to pronounce in detail upon the complaints raised in their behalf. But there is one case of Italian legislation which hardly admits of doubt. We learn with some surprise that the Italian clergy, even when having cure of souls, are not excepted from the obliga- tions of the military conscription. This is deplorable. The orohers is allowed in Germany, It is required not by policy so much as by decency. We trust, and we feel convinced, that no jong time will be suffered to elapse without an’alteration of th law in this resp But if we turn our eyes away from this ugly xpot w find much to praise in the admirable toleration and pa- tience of the Italian State. The license which has been allowed to vituperation and to seditious lan- guake, when used by tne ministers of religion and their organs, might by some bé ascribed o chivalry run mad, But it ts really founded in wisdom, in the indisposition to multiply issues of de. tail when a great priticiplo is at stake, and in the full knowledge of the traditional capacity of the Italian people to estimate Curial menace and abuso at its trae and very moderate value. SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE. The great principle which Italy takes for the shees anchor of her Chureh policy 18 the sepa: Chureh from the State, It was Cavour who authoritative utterance to the doctrine in the shape of a formula, now most famous, Libra Chiesa in libero Stato. In considering the adoption and the application Of this formula, let us before all things put aside the disposition to test it by the ideas and circumstances England, or even by those of other European Sta' 4 us evon forget that England exts It was for your, in bis business of nation making, an absolute who lay hands on the tony herself no worse, but rat Le - necessity. It was open to other countrics to enter if they pleased upon the policy, alibough it baa slippery policy, of concordats, and t ‘aim at adjusting hy #¢ i Written compact the relations of Chureh it was open to them A us Goi Austria have recently and tecth of the Popo by ot the State what ed exsential full civil rights and duties, But Cavour, unlike | them, to begin with « proclamation of war Papal Chair and the Curia for the liberati xtinetion of the tempe he wan erty ih its own ephore give emphasis to his title to pre nt it from enslaving men in a sphere not its own. t a word of exeoption, then, can be justly taken inst the principle nonouneed by Cavour, But on the hovdiong apphention of that principle a different verdi may have to be pronounced, [is not necessary f UF purpose to Inquire whether the great Min Tespousibie not only for the formula, but for the inter. pretation, If the States of 1 an Republic, it might yas it was to proclaim, the 4 FRER CHURCH IN A PREK STATE, even while putting down the Papal government and absorbing the territ For in Aw never had in its hands any part of what primarily be- longs to the Church, In that country, belore its ur ond neediul eman rights’ of ¢ eligious bod netrin over to the ty the Imperia Republic foun ment of inly nde clestastical, ct ix NOt so, vades them all never be and stall he jathers of the ni the © s with their political and prerogatives properly ¢ But in the countries of K shape or another the Regale Ane itis power Which cannot be regarded as simply the Chareh, Whatever its specitic yarietios, its main outlines have been everywhere the same It uniformly embraced, among other matters, the most I ch iting, ee, any powors In ono It would require a very minute | Chureh had been enclosed within | ‘a the State has | important rights either of patronage, or of a veto upon patronage, and thus posseseed unfversaily a command over episcopal appointments to such an extent as seoured a very large intluence in determining the char- actors of the persons chosen, In the States of Italy, pow making up the united kingdom, the civil power en- doyed everywhere, as we believe, either the right to nominate the bishops for the Pope's approval, or the right to refuse and exclude them by withholding the exequatur, It was also the patron of a large number of ecclesiastical benefices, Thus the State had its stand- ing ground actually established within the ecclesiastical precinct, and it discharged functions which essentially sereriined to the equilibrium of powers within the Church and as among YIer dierent orders. ‘The mere withdrawal of the State from its legal and constitational Action could, therefore, supply no solution to the prob- lem of a free Church in a tree State, unless it included not merely the abandonment, but the proper disposal of tie powers which were actually in its hands. THY, ANCIENT SYSTEM OF CHURCH GOVERNMENT, The ancient system of the government of tho Charch was a constitutional system of balanced powers. Tho bishop ordained, and in the West- ern Chureh instituied the clergy, but the people chose them, Later on, the patron, ecclesiastical or Jay, 1n virtue of the endowment, came into the peoplo’s place or privilege. The bishop’ himself was elected by tho clergy, with the concurrence of the people, or their assent, By degrees a state of things came about, in which, as faras Italy was concerned, the people had generally disappeared, Its powers and functions in appointing pastors and governers of the Church, to- wether with those (for the most part) of the priesthood, had either been inherited by the State or absorbed by the Pope, In England lay mfluence is very largely maintained, among other modes by lay patronage; but in Italy lay patronage is comparatively rare, Virtually these great powers wore held principally by the Pope in the name of the Church, partly by the State on behalf of the people, and, to some extent, of the clergy, As the Pope’s best tithe was that he acted for the preven- tion of secularism, so the State was undoubtedly a trus- tee for liberty; and the balance of powers, which was a fundamental law of government in the ancient Church, was, though in a strangely altered form, yet after a manner, and to a substantial extent, mamtained. ‘The question then arose, to whom was the State, in retiring from the sphere of ecclesiastical action, to make over these most important powers? Surely, on every ground of principle the State, as a trustee, could not obtain a legitimate release, until it should have deposited elsewhere the powers it was about to surrender, in a manner agreeable to the spirit ofits trust. Ifthey were to remain simply derelict, they would be the object of a genoral scramble, result- ing in chaos, or else, if there were one of the parties to the strife which was possessed of an effective organiza- lion, while the others were without it, they would assuredly become the prey of that party. THY DISESTABLISHED IRISH CHURCH. We are not without some means of illustrating, from the history of our own country, the very important issue thus raised, We, too, within the last few. years, have witnessed the establishment, by regular logislative action, of a ‘free Church in a free State.’? The allusion, of course, is to the case of the Church formerly estab- lished by law in Ireland, In that country the civil power, besides being patron of certain dignities and benefices, bad the power of appointing bishops. It did not, as in England, nominate to the chapter, who are legally punishable if they do not elect, but whose choice 1s, notwithstanding, a moral choice, laden with the responsibilities of free and deliberate action. In Ireland royal nomination at once placed the person designated: in the position which, on this side of the Channel of St. George, he holds only when bishop elect. He was in a condition to be coniirmed and consecrated, Had the Crown, by the Irish Chureh act of 1869, simply extinguished its own action in this matter, it would probably or pos- kibly haye been open to the archoishops of Ircland, at any rate tothem with the aid of their suffragans, to appoint the successors to vacant secs, and Ubus to found something dangerously near to at leasta theo- retical absoluusm., But the view taken by the British Legislature was that disestablishment did not extin- guish right in the Church, and that the prerogative of appointing or nominating could not thus be left to take its chance, In the course of the measure through the House of Lords, that most acute legist, Lord Westbury, contended that Parliament was making a present of the governing power over the Church to amob. But in truth it was given by the express words of the act, not toa mob, but to a community already constituted in three orders, to the bishops, clergy and laity; and these were put in a condition by their joint action, as three orders jointly constituting an organized body, to make provision for themselves by voluntary contract. Thus the State, having been trustee for the people, and hay- ing theretolore given its authority to laws for tho Chureh, both left her in a condition to pass such laws for herself and took care that the people should be parties to those laws. In Italy a different course has been pursued. Tho constitution of the Church rests, so far as the State is concerned, upon THE STATUTE OF GUARANTEES. By this law pee was made for the freo action. security and independence of the Supreme Pontiif, an made in a spirit not of justice only, but of lavish gene- rosity, probably with the hope, to which, at least, i was honorable to cling, that by this liberal spirit, con- joined with the force of circumstances, the hard and ‘obstinate spirit of the Curia would at length be brought to some kind of contormity. But another division of the law deals with appointments in the Church, The al portion of it runs as follows:— ‘The government renounces the right of apos- tolie legazia in Sicily, ng the right of nomination or presentation in the graf’ of the major appointments throughout the kingdom. “The bishops shall not be required to swear fealty to the king. * * * * “XVI_ The exequatur and royal placet are abolished, with every other form of governmental assent to the publication and execution of the acts of ecclesiastical authority,”’ ‘Then follows a reservation, which we believe was not comprised in the original’ design, and which pro- vides that, until a further legislative arrangement shall be made concerning Church property, the exequatur and the royal placet shall be kept alive, but so far only as regards the enjoyment of the temporalities whether of major or minor appointments, The parochial patronage of the Crown is kept alive, but this seems to Peot comparatively limited range. Speaking generally, it appears that the ervil power has kept its hold upé the beneficium, but has surrendered the oflicium, and the whole of the deep interest which the Christian people of Italy have in its right disposal is handed over to the tender mercies of the ecclesiastical anthority, Now this, as we should contend, was a breach of trust, The share in * CHURCH APPOINTMENTS, which the State heretofore had_ held, should have been given back to the lower order of the clergy and to the People in whose behalf it held that share. But no such breach of trust was intended. Wben the subject of a trust has become absolutely worthless the trostec fs absolved from further duty in respect of it. When he supposes it thus to have lost all value, he | will, of course, estimate his own duty as if the value was really @ixhaiated. There is no denying the awk- ward fact that the policy of Italian governments with regard to Church power, perhaps with regard to re- ligion in general, has been founded upon an illusion alike palpable and mischievous. They cannot be ac- quitted of the charge of having betrayed the interests of the people 1m Church appoititments by leaving those | appointinents to the Pope and his agents; unless upon | the ground—which seems to be the true ‘ground—that | they thought these oilices had lost their importance | and the religion that they were to teach its power.. No rational man will quarrel or take pains except about things which live. In Italy the crust of Curialism has 80 enveloped the divine treasure of the Gospel as to | hide it from her most modern parliaments and states. | men, Against Curialisin they know themselves to be well defended by the good seuse of the country; of the kernel that 1s within Curialism, so long had it been | kept from their view, they have seemed to think theyy} Reed take no account, | Iteligion, they might have | thought—if their thonghts ar@ to be gathered from their actions—has played a great part in the past, but has no share inthe future of mankind. New powers and principles have come into action; science, experience, art, culture, civil organization have reached a bulk and maturity which displaces it from the rational and manly mind, and which will prevent any lack of it from being felt. Like an individual man, great when in his flower, but now dcerepit, let’ religion, too, retire | becomingly from the stage, and no longer offend us with what has been a subjective, if not an objective, reality, but what would now be only an imposture, RELIGION AND EDUCATIO: h, if we set aside the theory of ultramontanism, which has certainly not been @ direct agent in promot. | ing this course, is the only theory which can justify the surrender of the entire government of the Church | and of the power to fill its oflices without check to the | Yope and his agents, Unhappily, there ix other evi- dence that Uns theory has been’ powerfully operative in Italian pol: It 18 one thing to separate tho | Church from the State, it is another to separate ro- | Igion from education and from lite, There has been a tendency to this latter separation, too, The faculty of theology has been extinguished in the Italian univer- sities, We do not doubt that there maythave been a multitude of difficulties connected with its mainten- | But, sorely, it was worth while to encounter to adopt a meast which denies to ystudent the means of obtaining seientilic in- struction respecting his religion; and which, as regards the clerical student, practicaily exeludes hin trom the posetbility ot lay contacteand of knowledge of the on atid m whieh he is to act as weil as from. dueation. This unhappy. ot required by the religions divisions of hich have required end justitied the ersity of London in y without & ienlty of theology, bi divisions, Setumyg asi forts, all the religion that [tw and within the px toman Chureb, pstroying these faenttios in t universities, the shallow speculations and most irre- , feetive desires of a cortain school of radicaliam long r trust repented of, were encouraged; but the tive aid was given to the deeper desi wa Conrt, Which aims at nothing sos zes nothing £0 highly, as the total y from the general, open atmos; ‘nd thought, [It was in the theological jerman univ ties that that jieve of haman life y jostered, whieh 18 encourd arable trom, devoted and scientitic them only) had the fiction of in {ailibility. becn® detected’ and denounced; but in them only was the denunciation a hving reality; in lone was plinted that iT » Which bas ma combatant, of st He Reinkens, | stood their gre and history 5 cognize in these professors a new and try Inmortals, Tt should never be forgotten that this strange di | in rehgion, the contrast 1 over to the lust of po a system of doctr fruittnl (with all its drawbacks) of instruction, cons tion and inward renewal for mankind, 18 continca to the Latin Church. It does not exist among Protestant communions generally, in most of which the ministry , of aiven iriends, have to re Band of the | the work om the road will be commen | oviteh, a Servian, re bas nothing whatever except moral strength to depend upon; while in the Wesleyan body, where the pastoral class is fortified with high constitutional powers, due to the spirit of Wesley, th have not sufficed to raise either their practical mfluence or their ecclo- sinstical standing to a higher level, It is not felt in the Anglican Church, where the disposition to any gross exaggeration of clerical power hes never been opera- tive beyond a narrow circle, It 1s nowhere discernible in the Oriental communions, where tho clergyman is essentially a citizen, and of which the doctrinal aspect presents & closer approximation to Rome, though very Jar from an identity with it, It is, then, with regret and sympathy, but in no spirit of affected superiority, that we notice the misdirection in some respects, as we deem it, of Italian policy, In careful observation of the world and its life we shall not rarely find that some of the errors which aro materially the gravest | are morally the least; or, in other and plainer words, that some of the greatest errors we commit are also the most exensable, Moreover, in the case before us, grave as would be the consequences of a blind tenacity, We aro undor the comforting persuasion that Italy her- self has within herself the means of such recovery as will effectually retrieve the ground that has been lost, SCHUYLER COLFAX VISIT OF THX EX-VICE PRESIDENT TO THE NOR- MAL AND AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE AND MILITARY ACADEMY AT FORTRESS MONROE MR. COLFAX DELIVERS TWO SPEECHES. Fortnnss Moxnox, Va., Oct. 27, 1875. Hon. Schuyler Colfax and wife, with a party ot friends, arrived here yesterday morning. This morn- ing Captain Wood{n, Governor of the National Mili- tary Asylum near Hampton, sent his team for the party and conveyed them to the Normal and Agricul- tural Institute for the Education of Colored Youth, General J. T. B, Marshall, business manager, con- ducted the party through the different recitation rooms, where they had an opportunity of witnessing its prac- tical workings and examining the course of studies pursued by the students, At half-past eleven o'clock they all repaired to the Assembly Room, where the students favored them with a number of plantation melodies, which were rendered in a pleasing manner, Mr. Colfax, in some remarks, stated that he had been very much impressed in the few moments he had spent in the institution, not only in listening to the melody: of their voices, butalso in the thorough and pains- taking manner in which they were instructed, The reputation of the school has gone all over the land. We all understand the aims and object of this school, Now you are here being instructed in what 18 called a normal school, so that you yourselves may be teachers, 80 that its influence will be felt in ten thousand fami- lies, And Iwill say that the foundation of all teach- ing is by example. You must not only show them the way, but walk in it yourself, or they will not heed you. So in regard to all things, you must be exam- ples to those who are committed to yourcharge. There are many classes of teachers. Thero 1s the pom- pous, overbearing teacher, to whom the infant is almost afraid to speak, while others bring sunshine and the children clap their hands for joy at their approach, You should try to bring a joyiul'atmosphere into the schoolroom There are many Valuable professions in the world, The lawyer is very Valuable indeed. The surgeon is equally valua- ble in'his sphere, but of all carthly professions there are none superior in its scope to the teacher, and if you appreciate the trust and perform your duties faith- fully you will have praises which will be inscribed on hearts long after the funeral flowers will be upon your graves, Whatevera scholar learns he should learn it thoroughly. It may ngt be of use to you now, or in five, ton, or fifteen years, but there will a time come when it will be all important that you should know it. Ivis not the amount of reading that you do which 18 beneficial, but it is what you remember. Nor is it the amount of money a man makes that makes him wealthy, but the amount he saves, Ho then reverted to the opinion frequently expressed as to whether the act of emancipation was wiso; whether the slaves would not have been more happy and contented undgr the old order of things, He was happy to say that the colored race had moro than realized the expectation of their friends. If for two hundred and tity years the white race had been kept in a state of ignorance, degradation and servitude, they would not have made a betier showing, He then closed with a warm culogy on the late. President Lincoln, which was received with hearty applause, THE MILITARY ASYLUM, Tho party then proceeded to the National Military Asylum, where they were met by Captain Woodfin, and conducted to the hall, where some four hundred veteran soldiers had assembled. Mr, Colfax spoke to ‘the veterans for about twenty minutes upon the lato war, its fruits, &c., closing by congratulating them upon having such a comfortable home provided for them, and wishing them a cordial farewell. He was warmly applauded by the veterans, who were delighted | with his remarks, many of them coming forward and | shaking hands with him as ho left the hall. ‘The party leave this evening for Richmond, where they will spend a few days going over tne old battle | elds, RAPID TRANSIT. THE CAPISAL STOCK OF THE MANHATTAN RAIL- WAY COMPANY ALL SUBSCRIBED. The prospects of rapid transit are beginning to brighton, Yesterday morning, pursuant to a circular issued by the Commissioners of Rapid Transit and in accordance with the law, a book of subscription to the capital stock of the Manhattan Railway Company was opened at the Corn Exchange Bank. The capital stock has been placed at $2,000,000, in shares of $100 each, and it has to be subscribed for by not loss than twenty- five persons. The books wero only opened for half an hour, as during that time the whole of the stock was taken up, and, strange to say, by twenty-six persons, one above the number required by law. Each of tho subseribers signed a document that read as follows:— Fach of us, the undersigned, hereby subscribes (sup- ject to the distribution to be made to him) to the capi- tal stock of the Manhattan Railway Company, which is to be incorporated and organ’ he provisions of chapter 606, Laws of 1875, with and according to ar- ticles of association heretofore prepared, in compliance with the requirements of said act, by the Board of Com- missioners appointed by the Mayor of the city of New York, pursuant to the provisions thereof, Each of us hereby promises, covenants and agrees—to and with each other subscriber hereto, each. for and in considera- tion of the promise, covenant and agreement of such other—and to and with the Board of Com- missioners heretofore appointed by the Mayor of tho city of New York and organized pursuant to the pro- visions and requirements of chapter 606, Laws of 1875, | each for and in consideration of such distribution of | shares as may to him by said Board of Commission- ers, in the discretion of the Board, te made, to take and pay for the number of shares hereinbelow by him written opposite to bis name of the capital stock of or such, if any, other number of , Not excced:ng the number hercin below by him written opposite to his name, as may be b¥fsaid Board of Commissioners, in the discre- tion of said Board, allotted to him, It'is understood, and hereby by each’ of us for himself agreed, that said Board of Commissioners shali have and exercise the right and giscretion to accept only such of the sub- scribers to sd stock as may by said Commissioners, | or a majority of them, be considered most responsible | and most favorable to ' the accomplishment of the pur- poses provided for by said act; aud that said Board of Commissiouers shall have and exercise the right and discretion to distribute to any subscriber who m: so accepted only so mapy of the shares by him written opposite to his name as said Commissioners, or a ma- jority of them, may determine, Hach of us how pays in cash, on subscribing for such shares, five per eentum of the par value of the number of shares by him hero- inbelow written. opposite to his name, and caeh of us herchy, for and upon said considerations, agrees that the remainder of the amount of the par valuo of such, if any, number of shares may, in the discretion ot ‘the Board of Commissioners, be allotted to him, shall be paid promptly and upon de- mand, in instalments, as and whenever the Board of Directors of the company shall, from tme to time, assess and call for the same, And each of us who shall become a stockholder in said corporation for himself | | agrees, in consideration of the premises, to be bound by the articles of association prepared, as aforesaid, tor | 4 the company by said Board of Commissioners; each of us hereby authorizes and empowers the persons, or any one or more of them who shall, pursuant to said act, be elected to be the directors for the first year of said corporation, in his behalf, to subscribe said articles | He was, in fact, a barber's man, but no ordinary Figaro, NEW YORK HERALD, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 30, 18%5--TRIPLE SHEET, 5 FRENCH AFFAIRS. Numerous Cabinet Councils Recently Held. THE POLITICAL OUTLOOK. Prince Milan's Betrothed in Paris—Making Love by Telegraph. WHAT THE RADICALS ARE DOING, Panis, Oct. 11, 1875, Cabinet councils havo been lately held twice a week, on Tuesdays and Fridays, under the Presidency of MacMahon. Why this last fact is announced in the official journals I do not know, seeing that in France the Chief of the Stato always does preside over the council of Ministers. MacMahon seeme to divide his time pretty equally between shooting and legisla ing, but shooting gets the larger part of it, Marshal Canrobert, who is perhaps the favorite of the French army just now, has been promised a great command, presumably if peace continues. During tho war all he did was to lock himself up in Metz under Bazaine, as if to swell King William’s triumph by adding a third Marshal of France to the number of his prisoners on that occasion. But he is still a fine, handsome man, who wears his uniform bravely, and, at all events, he looks like a hero, Nations, as well as individuals, give and forgive a great deal to keep up appearances, MAKING LOVE BY TELEGRAPH. The bride of Prince Milan has left Paris. She came here to buy her wedding finery, on which she spent $58,000, the dressmaker’s bill being to that amount, Every day this beautiful young lady received an ardent letter by telegraph from her afflanced prince. It is quite the prettiest novelty of the season, this sweet way of making love by wire, Now, that no more supplementary can be held till tho dissolution, the death of a Deputy is @ matter of some importance. By the departure from this life of M. Ducuing the Left has lost a vote, and, therefore, M. Ducuing has been loudly lamented in all the republican jour- nals, for the Left can hardly afford to lose a vote, see- ing that nearly the whole official, mihtary and aristo- cratic strength of tho Versailles Parliament is banded against it, The French have not the same reputation for gene- rosity as some other peoples, and yet the national sub- scriptions for the victims of the floods have reached a noble figure—not much less than $5,000,000. If the rich are not often munificent contributors, yet tho widow in France scems always ready to give her mite, and on account of tho peculiar nature of her social institutions widowhood ts a very frequent and not un- Prosperous condition, Marshal MacMahou presented the Cardinal's hat to the Archbishop of Rennes in the pretty little chapel of the Elysée, where the imperial bees of the Napoleons may still be seen glittering, There was a great crowd of fashionables to witness the ceremony; but the Car- dinal Archbishop unfortunately made a speech in Latin, which perplexed them much. The President gave a clerical breakfast, however, immediately after- ward, and all was well, The Curé de la Madeleine made himself particularly agreeable. Here is a shrewd remark of M. Alexandre Rey, in the ““8°il y a quelque chose de pire qu’un pro- commence, c'est un provisoire qui finit.”? There is no termination possible to a state of things which” implies the acknowledgment of irregular- ity and anarchy as existing institutions, As we get toward November, 1880, Franco will be in (perhaps) exactly the same state of mind as she was in in 1851—dreading beyond all things the month of May, 1852, when Louis Napoleon’s powers were to ex- pire. Tho parallel contains an ominous precedent, It seems that at the reunion of legitimists at Frohs- dorff, on the Compte de Chambord’s birthday, last 29th of September, politics were hardly discussed. Con- trary to what has been said, the ‘King’? expressed no opinion about the serutin de liste, but left the faithful free to yote as they pleased. Perhaps he at length sces that his last chance is gone and has made up his mind to keop quiet for the remainder of his days. The Or- Jeanists have, perhaps, arrived at the same conclusion, THE BONAPARTISTS, The Bonapartists are far, as yet, from the motion of peace and thanksgiving, so that rumors of their doings to bring back a momentary restoration of the Empire fare as many as ever, but they are not very important rumors at present, Spain has yielded to all the demands of France in respect to the murder of a French citizen (M. Reygon- eau de Villebardet) in Cuba, France demanded tho punishment of the guilty parties and the pay- ment of an indemnity to the family of tho deceased, The Cabinet of Madrid only stipulates that it shall be first permitted to inquire into tho truth of the alleged facts, af. de Chandordy, French Ambassador in Madrid, who bas brought the negotiations to this successful issue, was Gambetta’s Minister for Foreign Affairs at Tours; but all men speak woll of him, which, as wo know, proves him to be an excellent person, The Count de Bruc has just had an audience of tho Dye Decazes, to present his credentials as Chargé d’Af- faires from the Republic of San Marino, For three years the post has been vacant, and it is not clearly un- derstood why it has now been filled up. THE TWELVE APOSTLES. A prominent member of a celebrated Bonapartist co- ciety, called tie “Twelve Apostles,” has come to gricf and will not be able to render any further services to the party for seven years tocome. On March 5, 1875, the Pays published a letter from twelve individuals proudly owning the designation of tha Twelve Apos- tles as a denomination signifying fidelity and devotion, The letter complained of the calumnious accusation of M. Renault, the Prefect of Police, that they, the writers, belonged to a secret society, and boasted that, as friends of the Empire, they had openly and humbly subscribed for an ornamental ink- stand, as an offering to the Prince Imperial on coming of age on March 16, 1874 The present was duly sent to Chiselhurst, Among tho signatures to the above document 18 that of “Michael Carra, merchant,” and ho ts the hero of the drama just unravelled in the Cor- rectional Police Court. He was nota “merchant” in any other sense than this—that ho sometimes sold po- matum and hair oil, and that not on his own account, elections His handling of the scissors and curling irons and his insinuating manner were so masterly that his employer, of association. New York, Oct, 29, 1875, retary dectined to furnish the full list of the lders, but stated that the heaviest buyers were Tracy, David Dows, José F. Navarro, William Scott, Francis H. Tows, Mr, Soto Longo aid Milton Pourtright, President of tho Greenwich Street F vated I Five per centof the subscriptions was id up $100,000 deposited in the hands of tho surer, Mr, C.J, Canda, The Secretary states that “tat once, LIBERAL CLUB. A looture was delivered Inst night at Plimpton Mall, under the auspices of the Liberal Club, by Mr, Ivan- ntly arrived in this country, upon “The Political Outlook in Turkey.” As was very natural, tho lecturer took — tho Christian view of tho subject, He main. tained that the present insurrection is muc more formidable in character than those unacquainted with Turkish affairs imagine, The present condition ot the dwelt upon at some length, and a rel » view of the utter misgover ment of the Christian dependencies of the Porte to show that the evils productive pnt rising were ineradeable, and that souition of the much vexed Eastern stion Was the expulsion of the pe. Mr. Ivanoviteh Osmanit from Bu UW inlormation upon the matter be found im the of Roberts or MacFarlane, The audience was an attractive one, but th rlabored under the disadvantage of baving to read his lecture ical power was, however, made up for by ‘A’ OWAIF. The dead body of a new born female infant was found yesterday afternoon in the yard rear of the tene- went honse No. 447 Fast Ninth street, The Coroner was notified to hold an imyestigation, The police have ho clew as to who left the body 1...» 1 contributed nothing more im the | | M. Dubois, of No. 6 Rue do Ia Paix, paid nim $1,000 | year and perquisites, He was the indispensable coifeur | of imperialist “high life"? and he went about ina | brongham kept for him by the establishment to cut and | curl hair and to take orders for cosmetics, But this most exceptional professional position was far from satisfying his ambition, Up to four o’elock in the after- | noon he wore an apron and was simply called Michel, | Alter that hour he camo out privately as M. | Michel du Carra, drove to the Bois, with a | indy, in his own carriage (ho had four carriages and | | seven horses in his stables) and gavo dinnors at ros- | taurants at 100f a head, At length his employer found the choice of his Ministers. He has had three Premiers (in loss than two and a-half years), each less conserva. tive (in the partisan sense of the word) than his prede- cessor :— Duke de Broglie, 1873-4 General de Cissey. 1874-5 M. Bullet ..... 1875 (March 10p And M. Dufaure, though, by instinct, formed to be @ tory lawyer, is considered more “liberal”? than M. Buffet, M. Esquiros is expected at Marseilles, where he is to receive an enthusiastic reception and to mako a violen’ ultra-radical speech. M, Gambetta lias taken the happy resolution to follow him and make an extremely modo« rate speech, thus emphatically disavowing all connec: tion with the Intransigeants of the Left. But M Gam« betta pouring oil on the troubled waters is cortainly @ new spectacle, THR TURKISH LOAN, Another Cabinet Council was held at the Elyséo this afternoon (at three), for the discussion, it is said, foreign affairs, possibly of the Eastern question. A€ one of the Tuskish loans was guaranteed by Franco af Well as England, and as Turkey has just proclaimeé herself insolvent, France, even from the meanest point of view, is still interested im Oriental affairs. Th French press is, therefore, much irritated by the finane cial news from Turkey, The agency of the Imperial Ottoman Bank, refusing to follow the example of the London estabitshment, has not suspended the paymen, in cash of the coupons due on the Ist of October. M. Dufaure is said to have urged on his colleagues thé advisability of a suspension of the state of siege whick still exists in forty-two French departments, and gived an astonishing power to the executive on the eve of a general election. M. Jules Simon spoke at a private banquet at Cette om the 7th. Ho declared that three things were necessary to the Republic—the election of the Mayors by the Municipal Councils, the suppression of the state of siege and the scrutin de Liste, This will probably be- come the plattorm of republicans, yet it will hardly satisly ghe reds, ALSACE-LORRAINE, The inhabitants of Alsace-Lorraine are not, after all, being coddled by their new Germancousing. On the contrary, they complain that they have to pay heavier taxes than are paid in any other portion of the Em- pire. This news, however, comes from French sources, and must be regarded with suspicion, Another story is moro creditable to German long suffering than te French dignity. On the capture of Metz the Germam Governor, as an act of courtesy, placed a guard at the Bishop's door, The Bishop, Mer. Dupont des Loges, requested it might be with drawn. The Governor complied. As soon as the Bishop could communicate with the French authoritiea he begged for the Cross of the Legion of Honor, whic he had refused at the hands of Napoleon IIL, but which he now claimed for his services during the siega, The French government were eager to oblige his lord ship, and as ho was now technically a foreigner, and thereiore the ordinary rules of the Order did not apply to him, they sent him the Cross of Commander, though he had not passed the two lower grades of chevalier and officer. The Bishop, however, refused this highet honor, and would only accept the simple cross, which was accordingly sent him and which he there- upon pinned to his breast. He then asked the Gov- ernor for a guard, and a guard was once more placed at his palace door. As the Bishop goes in and out of hie palace the Teuton sentinel is thus unwillingly made ta salute the Cross of the Legion of Honor, Is there such a thing as the second childhood of a nation? PARTIAL ECLIPSE OF THE BLATCHYORD. A book, under the title of “Roman d’une Amérk caine,” published at Brussels, has just been seized at the establishment of the editor Lacroix, 13 Rue du Faubourg Montmartre, in Paris. This novel, written by Mrs. Blatchford, a lady not unknown in the United States under the pseudonym of Fanny Lear, merely the narrative of her intercourse with the Rus- stan Grand Duke Nicholas, nephew of the Czar. It 1 full of amusing anecdotes, and the authoress has not scrupled to reveal to the public the contents of most intimate letters written to her by her lover, so that tt forms an episode of history more curious than any published since the book of M. de Custine, and gives a strange picture enongh of the Court ot Russta and the sem1-barbarous splendor of her princes. Neverthelest the authoress, who had for some time awakened the in terest of the French government in her movements, has been ‘invited’? to quit France, ‘The castle of Say, just reconstructed by Count Lepic, was recently stripped of all its valuables by thieves im anight. They first tried the doors of the placo, which resisted their efforts, but ultimately gained admittance through a window. All the furniture was smashed in their search for precions articles, and their find amounted in the end to $1,400 in cash, the correspond+ ence between Count Lepic and Napoleon I., and with the Kigg Joseph, and that with Napoleon HI. and& Prince Murat, The greatest part of the family papera is also missing, and the servants tho next day found stray letters and deeds strewn about the apartments and park, Prince Napoleon arrived in Paris last night. The Count and Countess of Paris were due in Paria this evening, coming from Eu. They intend to stay here a few days, Paris is now filling fast. The Prince of Wales and the Duke of St. Albans are expected to-night, The Comte: de Chambord will take up his residence in December at Goritz, near Trieste, and occupy the Villa Backmann, which has been hired at a rental og $3,750. The usual New Year's reception of the legiti- mists will take place there, THE IRRECONCILADLES, The last speech of M. Naquet is much talke% a@pcut im the political world, Conservatives of all denominations agree in thinking that moderate republicans will have great dificulty in struggling at tho forthcoming elec- tions against the irreconcilables, so much the more so as MM. Louis Blanc, Naquet, Modier-Montjan, &e,, show very great activity and lose no occasion of putting themselves forward. Duke Docazes, in concert with England, has the im tention of renewing diplomatic relations with Mexico, Admiral La Ronciére le Noury is coming forward aa acandidate for the Senate, in the Department of the Eure, THE CUSTOM HOUSE. ANOTHEB CAPTURE OF SMUGGLED HAVANA CIGARS. Early yesterday morning two well known smugglers were scen in a small boat trying to attract the attention of some of the crew on board the Havana mail steam- ship City of New York, lying at pier No, 3 North River, They rowed round the steamship in an apparently care- less manner, and, after finding that nobody was thera to lower down to thoir boat the smuggled “stuff,” they row8d off, looking somewhat crestfallen. The Custom House night inspectors on duty noticed this, but made | no move at the time. They subsequently seized 2,000 cigars of the choicest brands, which were found con- coaled in the vessel for the purpose of being smuggle® ashore. ANOTHER SEIZURE. Anothor seizure of smuggled goods was mado yester- day in the shape of 760 indiarubber toy balloons for children on the French Transatlantic steamer Ville do Paris, by Inspector Hugh MeGenty. THE SUGAR COMMITTER. Tho Sugar Committee held a session yesterday after. } noon in Auditor Ogden’s private room, the particulara | of which were not given for publication. The sugar trade is much exercised over the statement recently published in the Herat, that frauds on the reverfue im sugar importations would soon be made public, PASSENGERS IMPROPERLY DETAIXED, Tho majority of the 113 passengers who arrived in | he had been robbing the till and appropriating money | actually received, which he sat down in the books as | | actually duc, from customers, When the police searched | his lodgings they found a large assortment of the deco- | | rations which he was in tho habit of wearing in tho | hours when he appeared as a man of fashion, He was | | defended by tho standing counsel of all imperialists in | trouble, M. Lachaud, but was sentenced to seven years’ “eoclusion—4, ¢., close imprisonment—and ten years? surveillance of the police, THK CAMINET POLICY. To-morrow, at tho Cabinet council, Ministers will first formally discuss les grosses questions—i. e., the serutin de liste, and the date for the dissolution of the Assembly; perhaps a bill for continuing its existence, ‘There is talk of tho resignation of the Ministry if tt cannot carry the scrutin d’ arrondissement; but it would ow much more likely that the Cabinet wtil simply | | undergo reconstruction in a slightly = lveral | eenneu with M. Dufaure at its head. Since the 2#th of May, 1873, when the conservatives overthrew M. Thiers, the liberal reaction which began on the morrow of that day has steadily progressed, and has influenced the Marshal, in spite of himself, in this city yesterday morning by the Cunard steamship Algeria were detained a ftw hours, owing to the non- appearance atthe wharf of Deputy Collector Slauson to administer the oaths to the passengers on the sub. ject of their declarations as to the contents of thett baggage. Subsequently the services of Deputy Collec. tor Morrison were obtained from this city and the re- | tarded baggage was passed withont further delay. Many ot the passengers threatened to write to the prosa | on the subject. The atnount of duties collected om baggage was over $1,300, Some of the passengors of the sterner sex used language more forcible than elegant, and the ladies said tt was a shame and an outrage, THE DEATH OF THK COLLECTOR'S PATHER. Collector Chester A. Arthur, with his family and @ | few personal friends, including General Sharpe, Sur- | veyor of the Port, lett this city lust evening to attend the funeral of the yr, William Arthur, Baptist | minister, who died at Newtonville, near Albany, on | Thursday last, General sympathy is expressed for the Collector in his loss BACH MAN TO 118 DISTHICT, A large number of leaves of absence were given ta Custom House officials yesterday for the rural districts to go home and yote and remain absent UN the day after election, A Custom House watchman bas boom appointed to keep the corridors near tho entrances plesr of the ward politicians who encumber thom day by day, to the great angoyance of the publi