The New York Herald Newspaper, October 13, 1875, Page 13

THE HERZEGOVINA The Skirmishing of Insurgents with the Turks, MONTENEGRINS AS SOLDIERS. Inhabitants of the Bocche di Cattaro in the Fighting Districts. Results of Attacking a Position Held by Turks. Carraro, Dalmatia, Sept. 25, 1875, In insurrections like this news has the double disad- yantage of being made up of petty itoms, and these magnified by popular enthusiasm to important affairs, Here the feats of arms have been too trifling almost to be worth tolegraphing, and yet they are all that the ground permits, and their moral effect 14 a8 great as if they were battles instead of skirmishes, The nature of the coun- try is especially favorable to such operations og aro in the capacity of these mountaineers, and large concen- trations of troops manmavring on a large scale are impossible, There aro no roads except bridle paths, and these lead through ravines where @ few resolute men can put 1,000 at defiance, If the Insurgents were organized and had mountain artillery there would bo no difficulty in clearing out the Turkish troops from tho Herzegovina, for the fortifications with- in which they are protected are very weak. Where the Montenegrins haye a strong contingort the fighting is good, and where they have none there is neither concen- tration nor discipline. The siego of Trebigne, as it has boon called, »was merely an infestation of the neighborhood by bands of insurgents, without cohercuce and without plan, to say nothing of artillery or commissariat, They wore sufll- ciently strong to close all the passes and prevent the town from being reinforced, or even to prevent the troops from entering by Keck, which is the only way open now from tho sea into the Her- zegovina; but, for want of direction, thoy allow troops to pass that way and thence to Trebigno, where thoy attacked the bands and dispersed them, driving part across the Austrian frontier and part back toward the Montenegrin mountains. Tho former took fhe steamer at Ragusa and landed at Castel Nuovo, whonco they passed in the Herzegovina anew, and prob- ably by this time all are reunited in the Sutorini, which is scarcely more than a rifle shot from Castel Nuovo. From a member of the band on the steamer I learned that the Insurgents were quite without head, and, hay- yhg had the foolhardiness to take position in a convent Near Tredigne and await the attack of tho troops, escaped only by good fortune. The troops had the equal stupidity of ATTEMPTING TO CARRY THE POSITION BY ASSAULT, And as the insurgents wore well armod and under excellent cover they kept tho assailants at bay until their ammunition was exhausted, when they re- tired, leaving only a priostof the convent and an | old man, unablo to walk behind them. Thoy were in excellent’ spirits, regarding tho whole thing as @ good lark, and were anxious to get back again withort loss of timo, The eastern part of the Herzegovina, which Is the most level portion, is abandoned by the insurgents, who are concentrated in the mountains which run from Montenegro north to Serajevo, and occupy the country eastward to the Servian frontier, ‘The question now turns on tho PART THR MONTENEGRINS WILL TARR. The Montenegrins, and their neighbors of the game stock, are tho most active and beli- oso; for the former havo good military di: cipline. They form a nucleus for the Herzegovi- niang to gather round, and which commands the obedience of the latter, whose long slavery has not fitted them for military coherence. The Bocchere, as the inhabitants of the Bocche di Caitaro are called, are also of the same stock, and trained as militia, These make common cause with the Herzegovinians, and share tho warlike tendencies of the Montenegrins and their hatred of the Turks, though the latter have never been in Cattaro, About 500 of them have gone into Herzegovina, They have a debt to pay, as the Herze- govinians and Montegrins were most efficient alles of the Bocchese in their successful attempt to dofend their ancient privileges from tho centralization of Vienna in 1869, 3 It is known that orders have been given to all the Montenegrins to be ready at a moment's notice with bread and two pairs of shoes, which will be neeued if they have to travel far on these mountains. Every preparation has beon made for war, and the camp at Grahowa, near Trebigno, is the depot of supplies of all kinds, Ido not see any e~€ence of the working of political intrigues in the beginning of the insurrection. How much may be behind the action of Montenogro no one cnn say but those who take part in them. I do not think that anything but most atrocious government and destitution resulting therefrom can be blamod for Mt, but it 1s certain that without Montenegro noth- tpg would come of it unless a general rising of tho Christian provinces should take place, and that Montenegro is controlled more or less by political consideration cannot be doubted. In fact, Af Montenegrin public opinion could decide the matter absolutely it would have been decided cro now in the sense of war. Cattaro being the gate to Montenegro, and the point to which they come for their supplies, it ts commrctally its sea port, and its intercourse and re- lation thoze of the country and port of one nation. Of course, the excitement of the population is immense. From the district of Krivoscie, ono of the mouutain sections of Cattaro, bordering Herzegovina, overy ablo- boiled man between sixteen and sixty has gone into the Herzegovina, If Prince Nikita does not declare war the greater part of his able-bodied mon will cross the frontier, Meanwhile Turkish troops continued to arrive and Pass through the defiles of Klek, receiving permission to pass through Austrian waters, but ther number is notsufficient for effective operations, nor doos their morale seem to bo sufficient for the mountain warfare. Apart from the trifling aftairs magnified into battles, thero have occurred two combats in which there was aresult which, though not noteworthy per se, was of graver political importance than military, ‘Tho one was AN ATTACK ON A TURKISH Positioy, in which the place was carried with « loss to the Chris- tans of twenty-three killed and avout fify wounded, while of the Turks about 160 wero killed and the reat put to precipitate flight, many being wounded, In the other, four battalions of Turkish troops, marching to the relief of some blockhouses besieged, were attacked by the insurgents and driven back to Meran, whence thoy started, being pursued to the guns of the fortross, Tho blockhouses thon surrendered, except one, which held out and was takon by storm. The principal valuo of these small affairs is that they excite the insurgent spirit and accustom the people to fighting. They will increaso the strength of the insurrection dispropor- tionately to their true meri(s. No more beautiful scouory can be found fy tho Mod). torrancan than that of * ROCCHE pI CATTARO nd the approaches to Montenegro. Alpine crage, shutting out all view of the sea, with tho shores Jined with olive orchards, villas and villages, and at the extremo of the seeming lake, around which the mountaing apparently close entircly, lies Cattaro, From the water rise-the walls which enclose tho space between tho shore and the ancient citadel, high ap on a ragged spur of the moyntain, and beside it, zigzaging thousands of feet up, rises the road to Montenogro, only accessible by horses or ov foot. Three hundred sail of ships, navigating all the soas of tho world, hail from the Boeche di Cat:aro, whose interosts are matnly Maritime, and whose people, good as sailors as they are #t inountain dyhting, return when fortune has favored them to the Bocche to end their days in the white houses that dot the shore from Cattolhevo to Cattaro, Montenegro counts sectrely on 6,000 rifles from among the Bocchese, who exert almost as much in- ‘ucueo in the Zrnagora, as the Sélaves call It, a8 tho ‘ontonegrins themselves, Hardy, patient and capa- + of living on the simplest food, swift of foot and Ine the sca let into the Itahan lakes, the Boecho winding into the + strong willed an official NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 13, 1875.-QUADRUPLE furious whom excited, these mountaineers will, if they enter tho conflict en masse, not be stopped by any forces Turkey can at present put afoot here, They are well armed and baye mountain artillery, with an ‘enormous amount of supplies, accumulated during the past two or three years in provision of an outbreak. It is hardly probable that the Montenegrins should moye alone. If Servia goes with her then the matter will prove very difficult for the Porte, but if not the in- surrection may hold on through the season and perhaps through tho winter, as it did in Crete, but will hardly succeed any better. The country is excessively im- practicable for regular military operations, and the Turkish troops will do nothing except by naval appli- ances until they have made roads, &c., all which makes the work a slow one, FRENCH AFFAIRS. THE PRINCE IMPERIAL'’S VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD — THREE BONAPARTIST CHIEFS — THIERS, GAMBETTA AND JULES SIMON UNITED--THE BEPUBLIC'S CHANCES GROWING, Pants, Sept. 20, 1875. It is now understoo’l that the young gentleman of Chiselhurst, who is alleged by polite Bonapartists to be the Prince Imperial of France, was about to make a voyage around the world, partly to complete his edu- cation and partly to moderate the ardor of the more rash among his partisans, who are beginning to show somo impatience at his political inactivity, Tho Bona partist camp is now split into three distinct sections. One {s lod by Prince Napoleon, the ‘‘Plon-Plon” of the Second Empire, and it bas kept very quiet for the last few months, Another chicf, who leads the bolder spirits, is M. Raoul Duval, who is always making a great noise, and whois so eloquent and sympathetic that he has attached to himself a very large personal following. The graver adherents of the fullen dynasty still ac- knowledge M. Rouher us their guide;and it is signifi- cant of the present hopeless state of the imperial cause that they can find no better fugleman. M. Rou- her is a second class lawyer; neither more nor less; & Plain, stout man, with a strong voice and a good in- come. He is nota aiplomatist or a statesman; he is not even a lawyer in the highest sense of the word; he 4s meroly a person with very fair quantity of common sense and considerable experience of affairs, He tries all Le kuows to keep the Empress quiet; but her heart, as a woman’s heart would naturally he, is with THE PARTY OF ACTION, It ls possible sho may judge moro correctly of the situation than M. Rouher, and hada bold stroke been made by the Bonapurtists afew months ago, with La Ronciére Lo Noury in command of the Mediterranean flect, Ladmirault in Paris and Bourbaki at Lyons, thoy might, perhaps, have forced their way by a sudden rush into power. But every day diminishes their chances, The Republic has somehow or other got into very fair working order in France. There ae abuses, ag there will be under all systems of government. But thoro have been no very crying scandals of late, and | the country 1s growing more and more prosperous every year, Frenchmen are, therefore, beginning to | ask themselves why they they should set up an expen- | sive court when the work of administration and the principle of equality can be carried out much more cheaply and on the whole much better by a President, Those even whose interests are identified with the | Monarchy, either kingly or imperial, feel much dis- couraged by the turn which events are now. taking, | Last year there was a general opinion among them | that if MacMahon could be tripped up, or if he were to | die, thoir hopes might revive. But the death or rosig- | nation of the Marshal President would now seem likely to have very littie effect on French politics, The ro- publican. party have made up their diferencos during the summer in Switzerland, and I learn on wniinpeach | able authority that THIERS, GAMBETTA AND JCLES sIMox are firmly united. Therefore, should M. Thiers out- live the Marshal, ho would probably succeed him with- @ui disturbance; and Gambetta, who has gone into very careful training, would be the right hand man of the | now Cabinet, Mahon, Gambetta now occupies the first place in France after M. Thiers, and he has so withdrawn himself from the rough-red radicals that the most timorous of French- men Would feel that they had nothing to fear from his accession to office. A succession of Presidents is, thero- fore, secured for the Republic, and if 1 lasts twenty | years—as it very well may—even the very traditions of monarchy will almost be forgotten, “They might, indeed, be resuscitated by a prince em: ineutly brave, eminently gifted and well plied with money, because the French admire greatness, and are us open to be influenced by private interests and splendid bribes as other people, “But it 13 in vain to look for apy man of remarkable courage and enius among the pretenders to the throne of France, Henry of Bordeaux. whom old ladies in the Faubourg ersist in calling their rightful king, is an honest, Rreavy-wittod, elderly gentleman, with no prospects and no energy, The succession to his divine rights ts dispnted, but if they belong to the Count of Paris he is not likely to do much with them, Ho is asilent, re- served person, Who is not known to have ever said or done anything noteworthy, There remains the young | man at Chiselhurst, and he gives no signs of mental or physical strength. His education has been completed in England, where he has learned the art of saying hothing on public occasions, and it is very amus- ing to observe the serupulous manner in which ‘he has been taught to model his behavior on that of the Eng- | lish royal family, Had he succeeded in a regular way | to the Crown of Franco, had his father lived twenty ' years longer, he would probably h. ve kept his inherit- ance together creditably in quiet times, and made as good a king as his neighbors, the Crown Prince of Ger- many or the Crown Prince of Austria, are likely to do. But France will not call up an Emperor of this sort by universal suffrage and endow him with a civil list of $5,000,000 a year to play at soldiers and upholstery. In’ short, the Republic has avery fair chance of en- during. THE PRINCE IMPERIAL, | . Now, as to the Prince going abroad or not, he may do as he pleases; and the indignant denial that he has any intention to do so, which appeared in some of the Parisian journals, was not necessary, for nobody whose vote is of much account in France just now cares whether he goos abroad or stays at home, The question is one which merely concerns himself aud his mamma, If, however, the denial is better founded than the allegation that he was going abroad one might be incliuved to say, “So much the | worse for him,” for he can do nothing at present of | any advantage to the imperialist corps, and nothing could be more unfavorable to his advancoment in life than the sort of existence which is said to have been marked out for him, The Bona: partist organs declaro that the result of M. Rouher's visit to the Prince Imperial is condemned to live tho idle, wu: Joss oxistence of a young Englishman of fortune, pass- ing his time between London and Chiselhurst.’ The lodgings which his father occupied, | where he busied himseif chiefly in'kite-flying, are to be placed at the young Prince's disposal; and instead of improving his mind by travel and observation while he jg young enough to learn from them a very precious Jesgon; he will dine occasionally with the mess of the Royal Artillery, and go to State ceremonies in the close and stufly rooms which are called tho Court of St. James. ‘Thus he will get fat, stupid and pompous about | middle age and be no more thought of as @ sovereign than the heirs of King Murat, LOCAL NEWS. The local news in France is not of much importance. ‘The autumn has been very fine, and most of the politi- cal celebrities are still at the seaside or in their country houses. They will not reassemble in Paris much before November, and then there is no great subject under dis- | cussion which is likely to excite public opinion, Very little is vai¢ about a dissolution, ‘The forthcoming el tions to the Senate attract no attention, The financial state of France is unusually good. The government will have to ask for no extraordinary credits, to imposo no new tax ho five per cents will probably be di- minished to four-and-a-half, and the opposition is too divided and disorganized to give much trouble to mims- tora, Marshal MacMahon goes touring about at no more expense to tho public than an inspecting general, ‘The provincial towns are amused by a military parade now and then, ‘There have beon velocipede races at the sup- | THE COTTON MILLS. Is There an Over-Production of Cotton Goods? CONNITION OF THE INDUSTRY. Some Facts About the Fall River Strike. Provipence, Oct, 11, 1875. The recent unsuccessful strike in the Fall River cot- ton mills has attracted a good deal of attention to the condition of the cotton industry and of the operatives engaged init. In some quarters the mill owners are denounced as unscrupulous task masters, who need- Jessly and greedily put down wagos, while thoir friends lay the blame of discontent and disturbance upon the operatives, Tho following facts may help people to make up thoir minds upon what is really not so simple & question as many think. 18 THERK AN OVER-PRODUCTION ? Thero is no doubt that there is, compared with the present demand, an over-production of cotton goods. After the market is fully suppliea thero remains a surplus, not large, but still a surplus, which cannot be gold, and this fact gov- erns and lowers the price of the whole amount pro- duced, as a matter of course. According to the best information I have boen able, after careful inquiry, to obtain among the most intelligent mill owners and ex- perts, I think it may be assumed that (his surplus is not less and not much more than ten per cent of the whole product. It is 60 small, indeed, that with the first revi- val of enterprise and prospority, increasing the demand to a normal coudition, it will disappear, and there are cotton experts who assert, and with reason, as I believe I can show you, that when we enter ona neWecareer of prosperity—which means when we re- turn to astable or specie currency—it will be discoy- ered that we have not cotton mills enough, In the first place, it is probably true that if the ordinary stocks, as in former years, were now carried by coun- try dealers the present surplus on hand would disap- pear at once, though it would reappear unless con- sumption increased. But, as was noticed in the Herap's elaborate report on the dry goods market some weeks ago, country dealers are ordoring vory small quantities, in spite of low prices; and this is not only because the times and the variable yalue of the dollar force men to be prudent, but because there has been an important change in-the manner of conducting business, which is likely to last. Western dealers use the telegraph more; they order thus in small quanti- ties; the business is simplified, and the hard times have obliged greater economies in purchasing. But, what is of more importance, the business of making cotton goods has not increased in propor- tion to the increase of our population. In 1871 wo had probably 40,000,000 of people, and we had then 10,000,000 of spindles, Since then the spindles have not increased gt the rate at which our population has | increased; and looking only to a home demand the | cotton factories are behind tho population, In ad- dition to this homo demand, however, our foreign | trade is slowly but steadily reviving, and the neces- | sities of the factories in the present dull times aro inducing them to do what they have too long neglected, use some effort to secure a forcign market for a part of vheit product, But while the prospect in the future is thus suffi clently bright to induce shrewd men to build new mills even now, in atime of very great depression, because they know that the good times must ‘presently come, and they desire to be ready, just now it remains true that the greater number of the cotton mills are not profitable, Some which are badly situated, or have Even should M. Thiers die before Mue. | ‘BStMcient capital, are likely to perish, and a great | many would stop work to-day if to stop work were not a very costly thing to a mill owner, THE REAL TROUBLE AT FALL RIVER, ‘This brings me to the case of the Fall River Milis. The trouble there is not that the product cannot be sold | if higher wages are paid, but that it cannot be cold at all in the quantities in which it is mado. Lf it were not for the serious loss which a manufacturer suitors by letting his machinery stand idle there is little doubt , that the Fall River mill owners would stop for six Arenenberg has been that | months, and would be wise in doing so, This is a fact which is left out by those who speak harshly of the mill owners. It seems to be thought that because a mill is kept going therefore the owners find it profitable; and the Fall River operatives appear to have been moved to their strike, or ‘‘yacation,” as they call it, partly by this belief, It should be understood that the Fall River mills make about two-thirds of the print cloths made in this country, This branch of the busi- noss has been very profitable, and the demand for this product remained good for some time after the market for other cotton goods became very dull. Hence the Fall River mills not only remained busy, but the opsra- tives there actually received, up to the time of their strike, higher wages than were paid in most other parts of New England. This is so true that the wages paid in Fall River at this time—the reduced wages, I mean— are equal to the wages which were and aro paid in Rhode Island and in other parts of Massachusetts, That is to say, after having fatled in their strike the Fall River operatives still receivo ns much as the operatives elsewhere, This was # surprise to me, for I bad been led“to imagine that they were forced to take less, WHY THR MILLS DO NOT STOP, But, if there is no demand for the product, why do the mill owners not stop? Because, in the first place, machinery-deteriorates seriously if it is not used; be- | cause, if a mill is stopped, it has still to be kept heated, as though people were at work; the machinery would rust if it were not. It must also be oiled and carefully looked after, Then there is tho lose of interest on the investment. A prolonged stoppage disbands the labor- ing force, moreover, “breaks up the organization,” as they say, which is so serious a matter that a mill owner | ' once told me he would rather lose ten per cent on the in King street, and | ‘Tulleries and other similar entertainments, at which the | Tresident and his family were present. governs his country very innch as he would a garrison | town, and often gor | With a couple of aides-de-camp. quaint milltary notions of power, and has fined a per son five francs for hoisting a flag at Lyons without per- mission. It is a mild exercise of despotism, which did ‘not, perhaps, much hart tle man who suffered from it, though a Frenchman and his money never part wholly without anguish, A NEW MARSWAL OF FRANOR. The Preeident js also kind to his old friends and com- trades. Ho is, therefore, going to appoint General Lad- mirault a Marshal of France, and no doubt the Presi- dent and bis chum will have a good dinner together aftor the nonsense part of that business is over and 50,000f. a Year have been put, ag a golid mark of his esteem, in Ladmiraulv’s pocket, The calling out of the reserves of 150,000 men has all ended happily, and their rapid mobilization has created 4 very favorable impression throughout the country. Mon and oficors are satiefed with each other. Prefect Ducros tins gone back to Lyons, where he will continue to exercise the supreme civil authority, though 0 resolute a push was made by tho republican for his dismissal, Moreover, M. Buflet bas expressed himself periectly vatistied with M. Ducros’ administr tion, and the Minister has announced his intention of energetically deionding his subordinate from future at- tacks of & ilke nature, M. Ducros, however, is so that I hear a.bill to prevent arbitrary arrests and to regulate official powers of im- py eye ‘ vice OF Name ee ta wo more items of news of almost equal importance conclude the budget. The Oricanist Princes Eave ad- vertised in their own newspaper, the Journal de Paris, that they wil! kee) A Np until 1880, and a girlin her toons has carried off the prize for ploughing at an agri- ) cultural show ia Brittany, Nevertheless, he b himself to dine at an cating bouse | The old soldior | i | | whole capital than stop for six months, Again, the labor costs only about one-third of the product, and the sacrifice mado in going ahcad is not, therofore, as serious as though the labor formed a half or two-thirds of the cost. Finally comes in the hope of better times to induce a mill owner to go ahead, You can see that it may be bad to work, but worse yet to stop, Whon the leading operatives at Fall River are told that their reduced wagos are still equal to the gencral rate, they reply that their moncy does not go so far, because house rent is dearer there than in other factory towns; and this is quite true, Almost everywhere else in New England the mill owners build houses for the occupation of their operatives, and take care to chargo but a low rent for these. The difference is con- siderablo, ratives, who aro mostly English—Lancashire people— dislike the system of ‘mill tenements,” as they are called; they complain that it obliges them to live under rules too rigid for them; that it places them in tho power of the Superintendent; and I had during the strike gone into Rhode Island, returned in disgust, refusing to work where the mill owner provided houses. Now this is a matter of taste, and for such things one must pay, everywhere. For my part, the houses of the operatives in Fall River seemed to me in many cases extremely droary and comfortless compared with some of tho factory villages Thave seen elsewhere; but ‘the taste is not to be disputed.’ BOM MISTARRS OF THE OPERATIVES. As the supposed wrongs of the Fall River people are montioned at public meetings in Now York it 1 only right that it should be also understood that some of thoir wisest leaders, among them Mr, Sovoy, the editor of the Labor Journal, opposed the strike, thinking it unwise and unnecessary at the timo; that these men still, so far as I could learn, think it was unwise, and that the operatives, when they did strike, neglectod all care to provide against want by secking other employ- ment. ‘The workman has an inalienable right to strike, and to organize a strike, but he does it at his own risk; if, having rosorted to this means he then whines about the result, he loses somowhat of my sympathy. ‘There is not a shadow of doubt that there was a good deal of suf. fering in Fall River auring the strike; but setting aside tho injudiciousness of the strike, much of it arose from the improvidence of the strikers. In the first placo, their organization was crudo; there was no fund out of which to sapport the poorer or more de. pondant, of, at least, nono of any amount But, on the other hand, the Fall River ope- | was told, | by one of their leaders, that some of them who | They simply agreed to quit work, and then let every man shift for himself. Again, some of the leading men told me that the people not only did not look for other employment, but rejected it. Many of thom might bave found work among the farmers of the region, but, as was told me, “I have seen men on the street without @ meal of victuals or boots on their feet, but they would not dig potatoes or clean up ground, They are, as I said, mostly English, and Irish trained in Lanca shire, and they bave a helplessness in such matters which an American cannot understand or perhaps make allowance for. This was acknowledgod to me by one of their loaders, who said:—“Thoy know only weaying, and nothing olse, and they regard it as their only work; thoy put their children into it as their successors, and they will starve rather than do any- thing else.” imagine the spirit of tue English trade unions has something te do,with it, too, which teaches that a man has a vested right in bis trade and a right to live by. it, The factory population of Fall River differs from that of almost, if not quite, every other New England factory town, it consists 80 largely of Lancashire people. There are among them a good many able men—men trained to reason and to speak in public—and these are tenacious of what they imagine their rights; apt to be disputa- tious; alittle impracticable, I should think, Thus I was toldof a man holding a very good place and not connected with the union at all, He stopped work when his fellows stopped, and not only this, he still holds out, He will not sign tho obligation not to form @ union, though he did not belong to oue and does not wish to join one. It is a matter of principle with him, and ho is in want and suffers contentedly for this principle. Now, IT do not think the mill owners were wise in exacting this condition, which is likey moreover to be evaded in some disingenuous way which will keep bad blood alive between the own- ers and their operatives, I think they could nave bet- ter carried their point by conciliatory means; and they had already sufficiently humiliated the strikers, But what I remark about the man I spoke of. above is that ho remains in Fall River; he does not attompt any other work; he is simply a Fall River weaver, and stands and suffers on that ground, If he bad the means he would, perhaps, return to England, as many of the strikers did; but he would be only a weaver there, An American, it seems to mo, would bo less punctilions, If his necessities pressed bim he would acvept the con- ditions, quictly do bis work well, but with tho detor- mination to get out of the business as soon as ne had saved enough to move himself away. I cannot help but think that the American would show the greater pride and independence by his course, I could not but compare the course of theso English with that of the negroes as I have seen them in the cotton States, It happens, of course, that the negro sometimes makes a bad bargain with the land owner, or finds himself undor a rude or dishonest man. What he does is to work quietly till the season is dono and the crop gathered, and then he moves away. He docs not strike, or grumble, or go to law. He pockets the loss—puts it to the account of experience gained, and seeks anothor | place or perhaps another State, Now, his wisdom {s shown in this, that the Southern negro has taught not only himself, but the white man also, a lesson. that the | laborer is as necossary to the employer as the em- | ployer to the laborer. Ifa man ig determined to work | { in a Fall River ‘coiton mill at all hazards, ho necessarily gives the Fall River mill owner an advantago over him. When I said this much to a weaver in Fall River the other day he re- plied, “Ay, but we are too poor to move away; we owe money, mayhap; and where ghall we go?” But the answer is, “My friond, we cannot all, at all times, do what would best please us. If you are dependent to- day, make the best of it; save what you can; keep your eyes open; don’t grumble, and make up your mind that as soon as you can you will stop weaving and do some- thing else, as weaving doos not seem to be the most comfortable thing for you."” Unfortunately he cannot | See that, He means to be a weaver, and at the bottom of his heart he stoutly believes that the world owes him such aliving as ho fancies by weaving, and that | if he does not got it somebody is wronging him in some | vexatious way which he cannot explain or understand, | Of efforts or plans to become their own masters, by | co-operative attempts, I could hear no talk among these | people, There was a co-operative store in Fall River, and it has had (or some years, I believe, a succes: career, But an energetic Boston grocer bas come down and managed to undersell tho co-operators, and thes have gone off to him, where they can buy cheapest Indced, it seemed to me that there was but little sign of orgunizing talent among the leaders, and this makes it a matter of greator rogret that the mii] owners have not undertaken to influence by kindnoss rather than to antagonize thoi people. It seemed to me that a little consideration for them—some signs that there was a disposition to good fecling—would have | been a good investment, The Hxraco I heard very | | gratefully spoken of, especially for its suggestion that | tho operatives should employ a skilled and honest ad- | + viser. But they will scarcely even do that. As one said to me, they will work and growl, ana when they can they will strike again; and, so far as I can see, no more wisely than before. For tho present they have enough to do to prepare for the winter and pay their debis, It was not pleasant to mo to hear that some familics owe as much as $200, 1 must reserve to an- other letter some further particulars about the present condition of the cotton industry, CHARL' NORDHOFF, THE CLEWS FAILURE. The examination of Mr. Clews, which was to havo taken placo yesterday, in regard to the affairs of Henry Clows & Co., was again adjourned, 1t is stated that | Mr. Clews was too ill to attend the meeting. Tho ex. amination will be continued at two P. M. next Thursday if his health will permit, Extensions of from fifteen to twenty days have been granted in the other cases of creditors growing out of the complicated affairs of the firm. FAILURE IN THE TEA TRADE, William B. Hunter & Co., importers of teas, located at No, 132 Front street, suspended yester Mr. J. R, Steven, a member of (he firm, declined to state the extent of their liabilities or give any estimate of their | assets. In two or three days, he said, a statement would be prepared for their creditors. The firm has been engaged in business about twenty years, and Mr. Hunter, its senior member, is a prominout Brooklynite, He was formerly ono of the principal stockholders of the Atlantic Avenue Railroad, in Brooklyn, From out- side parties it was learned the failure was of a very se- rious character, STATIONERS’ BOARD OF TRADE. ‘The Stationers’ Board of Trade was organized about a month ago, for the purpose of advancing the interests of dealers in books, papers, stationery and all branches of business connected with those trades, It is formed on the model of the old Stationers’ Hall in London. A board of directors was elected last. Friday to draft a constitution. In acccordance with a call published by them the members met yesterday to consider their re- | port. A constitution was adopted, and the following officers were elected:—Willy Wallach, President; A. Von Au, of the firm of Liebenroth, Von Au_& Co., Vice President, and W. I. Martin, of tho firm of Samuel Ray. | nor & Co., Treasurer, The meeting then adjourmed till Thursday, at two o'clock P. M., when the board of nine directors will be com election of three new directors, only six having b¥en thus far ap- pointed. The mootmg will a1so take into consideration | a set of bylaws that will be prosented. THE PLIMSOLL ACT. a The law known as the Plimsoll act, which was passed in the last session of the English Parliament, went into effect on the Ist of this month, It will be interesting to shippers of produce to Europe to know that this law provides that no cargo, of which more than one-third consists of any kind of grain, corn, rico, paddy, pulse, seeds, nuts or nut kernels, shall be carried on board any British ship unless it {s'contained in bags, sacks or | barrels, or secured frum shifting by boards, bulkheads or otherwise. Captains who permit the violation of the law in this regard are liable to a fino of £200, _THE NEW POSTAL CARDS. Postmaster James reports that the sales of the now postal cards amount to 100,000 per day. Eight hun dred thousand were placed on salo last Thursday, and | 1,000,000 additional will be ready this morning. REAL ESTATE SALES, A long list of salos was announced to take place at the Exchange yesterday, but wero all adjournod over, the attendanco being quite large, but no biddors being present, A. H. Muller & Son sold, by order of tho Su- hea Court, in foreclosure, J. P. Lodwith refereo, one | four story brick house, with brown stone front, with lot 17.5 by 98.3, No. 31 West Ninth street, north’ side, 43.6 feet west of Fifth ayenuo, 70 por cent of tho money to romain on bond and mortgage for three years, to Charles F, Sanford, ti 8 said 1 orty being valuod at $43,000" "Sn rn | | views given above, and gives the following as tho ruling | bid 13g cents more per fb to compete with tho homo | ; Market | very brisk, particlularly in the bog product, that goes Bs THE PROVISION MARKET, Some Timely Hints for Consumers as to Ruling Prices, —— A General Advance in Prices To Be Fol- - lowed by a Decline, — In tho provision market there is never a portod of inactivity, and when tho stores of persons in other lines of trade are empty the marts of the ‘staff of life” are well filled. This bas always beon so and will con- tinue so long as people are compelied to subsist on other food than the manna that sustained the children of Israel, Aman may deny himself a new full overcoat, a wife fall back upon last year's sacque or furs, the children may be dressed in their parents’ old clothes, made ovor to fit, but the stomach will brook no cur- tailment. It 1s continually crying, “Give! Give!" and will take no refusal. Hence the truth of the remark Yhat in the articles of food there is never a fulling off in the demand for home consumption, yet # careful test of the market shows some features that are interesting to the general reader—to every one who has one or more mouths té&provide for. The consumer, no doubt, has long ago discovered that for bams, bacon, shoul- ders, corned cuts of all kinds, in fact everything in the pork line, prices are from two to six conts per pound higher than they were two years ago, and from one to four conts above the ruling rates of last year, A reporter of the Hrratp has been among the provision dealers with a view of ascortain- ing the causes that led to these high prices aud gotting their views upon the prices that are likely to rate in the future, when the growing crop of hogs is marketed along in December, January and March. It will be seen that nearly all look for a decline in prices, owing to the unprecedented volume of the corn crop this yoar and the probability of the yield of hogs exceed: ing that of last year, THK WHOLESALE TRADR, One largo firm that repres+nts large packing houses in the West reports that one causo of the presont high Prices is that there are too few producers. The con- sumers congrogate about the cities of the world and leave the production to the farmer and stock raiser, Thoy report that other causes are that last year's crop {3 nearly exhausted, and that the foreign demand for our provisions remains brisker than iormerly and | bighor offers aro made. They estimate the prices at from ten to fifteen: por cent more than those that pre- vailed two years ago, A firm near Washington Market confirms the goneral Prices for 1874 and 1875;— 1874. 1875, Cents Cents, Cornod shoulders 8% 10% Corned hat 13 rt Corned bacon. 13 Corned bellie: 144 Smoked shoulders 12% Smoked hams lz Smoked bacon 20 A large Water street jobber believes that prices will advance more before the incoming crop ts marketed, | assigning as a reason that there is no accumulation of ; last yoar’s stock to meet the demana for exportation and H home consumption. Much depends upon the action of Furopean houges If they take the supply to come in this winter at the rates now demanded it will tend to | keep the market firm and shorten the supply for nome | consumption. Last year they were reluctant to take | acon at 944 cents per Ib. This year they will.bave to ; ‘This is also true of other lines of provisions ‘The best reports attainable show a probable avorago | yield of hogs, and, though they will ba marketed tate, | owing to the heavy corn crop of this year, prices atong | in the end of the packing season, which apena in Novem- ber and closes in March, may drop away a fow conte A Pearl strect jobber expressed the bolic! that this, like 1874, is likely to be an unsatisfactory year. Last year speculators, just before tho packing season, ran | up prices, and thoy will, no doubt, do it again this year, | Theve is no justification for it, ak the crop of hogs this yoar will be fully as largo as that of last year. They muy be less in number, but heavier in weight, owing to the heavy corn crop. Me anticipated a good lard season, bat feared that speculators would bull the mac: | ket, as last year, A beavy commission honae ip Rroad strect suys:— “The prospects for the season aro a good deal iixcd. High prices are likely to continuo until the packing season Is well under way. Prices rule bighor than last yoar, especiaily in boxed meats ‘Thera has recently been a corner in mess pork in Chicago that has agset- tled the market The high prices of hogs during the summer has induced farmers to market some of their | products earlier; lut the corn crop being immense they are now holding tho hogs back for it, which will make the packing season late, Tho Germans are com- poling with the English for our winter oured supplies, and are bidding bigh for them ‘This 18 especially tho | | case with bacon and lard Germany bas bidden one cent higher than last year, which will | put the prices for the carly erop up Bat when the heavy volume of tho crop comes nto market | prices may drop away. Boef in packages and pickled is growing less every day, and there ts nothing doing { Init Tho provision business ts now as it always is, more gonorally over the world than any articlo of American production.” Another heavy commission firm attributes tho ad- vance in prices last year and the slight advance this year over the highest rates of lust to “bull”? spocnla- tions, They think tt istoo early in the season to veo ture an estimate on the fall of prices A heavy lard exporting honse reports that thore is very little in the market; that there is no advance over last year’s prices.on “spot” lard. Last your the market oponed low at ton cents, ran ap to twelve in July, when it was taken hold of by a “corner’’ and ruo up higher. ‘There was no overplus in the market, and it all went off | at the high figure, The Germans bid for the crop, and | it remained high. Tb!s year it is diferent fhave let | ters from Ciucinnati and Chicago. These say there ts | “a feeling that carly hogs will not bo plentifut, | and many are buying November and Decembor ‘options’ of pork and lard on that account; but it is | conceded that we bave an enormous corn crop and | that generally gives a large hog crop," If such be the caseyprices nay open high and a “break"’ in the market occur if the crop is marketed lato, as it is likely to be | this season, A number of large packing and curing houses up town wore visited and the eamme general views were ex- pressed by their proprietors, 1t will be gratifying to | the consumer to know that the prospect of a decline to the oll prices of two years ago is likely to bo realized unless speculators rusb into the market without any natural justification for it, and by “corners” keep up the present exorbitant rates, All reputable dealers | agreo that there (sno excuso for prices being main. tained at fictitious Ggures after the crop of uhis year is marketed, THK RETAIL. MARKET, In the retail market the prices vary according tw the he ag of the dealer and the advantages he may have takon of the upward or downward movement in the | market, Strictly speaking, the retail provision busi- hess isin the hands of the grocers, who make that a part of their gonoral trade, and acquire more or less | projitas they take advantage of a fall or rise in th wholesale market. The grocers are a sagactous class, who watch the market closely, and, when prices ero | low, lay ina largo supply that will’carry them over a | season of high prices. Smoked and corned stock, with | occasional handling, will withstand the iniucuces of | climate; hence there is little or no loss. Those who | were last year suiliciontly astate to foreece that provis- ions would, owing to the tricks ot Chicago “cornorers,"” St. Louis ‘/scatpers’’ and Gincinnati “sharps,” continto | ag high as last, and consequently laid in & supply, are now ina position (o sell at a lower point in the retail | market thun their competitors on the next corner, who buy from week to week. And they not only wader. sell them, but make a larger margin fro their veu- tures, One feature of the trado that the prudent | housewife, who does the buying in all woll rogulated families, cannot understand, is why bor grocer, who sells tea and coffee on one corner two or throe conté less than | his rival across the way, charges two or thres cents per pound more for all articles in the provision line, Tho | geeret in some cases is that Maen has been taken of the market and stocks purchased when they ruled low, but not unfrequently it ss tho result of a competition in | trade, One will ‘break’? the market on a few articles of trade with the view of drawing custom, bot he j always calculates apon making up the loss by “bear. ing” some other articles of ready sale, For instan a keen grocer will sell hams, bacon and shoul ders at cost to get up a tame for cheapness, and at the same time charge from ons to five or six cents moro for coffe, sugars | and tea than his neighbor on the next block, With a | view of informing the consumers as to the ruling rotail prices in our Cag ic markets and thus enable them to circumvent the tricky tradesmon, the writer recently visited all the retail vision dealers in Washington and Fulton markots obtained their pricos, {intstrations are given as well as the price paid for each article by the gc, who supplies the consumer ;— Stall No. 168— Smoked ban. Smoked should Smoked bacon. Smoked beef. ned ribbed pork, ‘resh roasting pork Bologna sausage Smol od sausage ther brands e ‘Lard...... ee % This shows a discount of two cents per pound OD Saale craves and ove cent per pound on pork to grocers. Stan No. $19- Smoked us" Corned pork Frosh pork. Sausages (all brands). ba— This is a general discount of two conta all grocers’ orders, Stall No, 218— Smoked hom....... Smoked shoulders. Smoked bacon, Smoked beef... por pound om 20a-- Sausages... Larding pork, Tho average discount is grocera, Btall No. 324— two cents Smoked ham....... 170 18% Smoked ehouldors, 1 ald% Smoked beef, .... wa— Smoked tongue Ba Smoked bacon. 18a— Corned ham. 16a— Corned pork, lta~ la Fresh pork ba Ba Lard....... Wa— a Sausages {ail 15010 als ‘This firm give an average di cents per pound. Btall No, 95:— ount to grocers of two Smoked ham,..... 19.029 Tals Snieod shoulders, Wsa-- Bam Smoked bacon..... 20a — Ba— Smoked boot 20025 = 18022 Smoked tong: Ba— ia— Corned ham.., wa 6a Corned po: Ita ba— Frash pork (Western) loa La Frosh pork (New Jersey) 15a — 18a — Frosh tenderloins : a 8a Sausages. 15 018 13.416 Lard . 16 a— lda— ounts to grocers two cents per pound, Yhero were found in this market many other firms whose prices ranged about as abowe. Outside were found two firms who either sell an inferior article or are attempting to undersell, as thet prices are below the wholesale gure. The following are thelr prices :— First fierm— Biuoked ham + 1234) Stnoked beef. 121, | No discount, Sinoked tongues, cac! + 60 to Smoked shoulders ,. + 10 grocers, Smoked bacon, . Second firmn— Smoked shoulders a u%) Goneral Smoked bacon alg | discount Smoked beef, a2 of two ctx, Smoked han 20 { por pound Smoked tongai to grocora FULTON MARKEY, There are in Fulton Market but two provision deal- ers, hence there is no scricus competition, and we quote the prices of each:~~ Cost in Cents Stall Nos 191-5— . Smoked shoutders. Smoked bai Smoked bacon Smoked tongues Smoked beet Fresh pork . Sausages Cornod hi orned pork eral discount of two moked shoulders Smoked tongue Smoked beet Corned pork. . Corned bam . l4ald on sausages and trest bacon and hams, Keg ‘Tho grocers, why ktund between the “Jobber” and the consumer, purchase the best brands at two cents pound below the above quoted prices, and cousequently thero is uo reason why the consumer should not buy as his own grocery xs cieap as at Washington or Fulton market. "Two cents profit per ponnd is quito enough for tho rotailer, when it is remembered that ho ts not sub- Joctod to loss by reason of stock betng damaged. One r et of prices being so high to the consumer is the fact that provisions pass through so many between the producer aud the consuiner. First, who raises the unimal, thon tha packer, the comoussion merchant, the “jobber,” the retailer and last the consumer, dive of whom make their profits out of the consuiner. Retailers report that tho demand for provisions grows greater as the cold weather advances, and Unat there isa very general complaint at the rating bigh prices, Everything looks to the coutinuation of the high pricos until about when the new crop will have nearly all come tm cos will likely drop away to the tigures of two ‘This is the only chooring cau ofer tho consumer, whoso pocket is very toa high market such as has provailed for iwo yeara, y allernativo is for him to purchase to the best 6 and hops (or the expected decline, . THB CENTENNIAL THE HORTICULTURAL DiSPLAY—A BRILLIANT PROSPECT ENLARGED ACCOMMODATIONS NEED- ED ~-DISTINGUISHED VISITORS COMING. Parvavsurma, Oct 8, 1875. ‘The least advanced of any of the fivo principal Exbl- bition buildings for the coring World's Fair aro the Horticultural Hali and tbo Agricultura! Building. Both of those, howovér, although only receutly begun——the first spadaful of earth for the foundations of the latter structure having been toracd iu July last—are already looming up, conspicuous objects in the landscape, LAYING OUT THE GROUNDA, Work on the ground act apart for exhibitors in the outdoor department of horticulture has commenced and tho allotments are being propared and will soon be assigned to the applicants, who arc sounding in their names faster than could be hoped for, In this laying out of the grounds about the building their ultimate use has been considered, it being the intention of a namber of Our prominent (loriculturists to socure this ground nic garden, TAK APPLicaTioNs FoR indoor Kxhibition bave beon vo far beyond the ations of the Cointnisstoaors that tbe advise bility of putting ap. another butiding is now veing seri- ously considered. Tho applications received to the pres- ent time from this country alone far excood tho ca pacity of the building. From this couvtry, of course, will come the largest numbor, because of the itnpossi- bility of transporting delicate plants from other cli- fnates. In this respect this department of the Yair will differ from all the others from present appearances ; for, as tho Herat has horetoloro siatod with as much em. phasis as possible, American exhibitors are bohin their foreign competitors in the nurabor of applications in very many branches of indusiry, It must not bo supposod, howover, that there will bo no horticultural display from abroad, Great Britain wants 2,000 equare feet for one oxhibitor alone, and aa application from EXHIBITION, ACK | Brazil wishes 2,000 more for another, ‘THR DISPLAY OF CUT FLOWERS ‘and flowering plants daring the Exhibition wili bom Drilliaut aitracuon, There will be much competition in this department, especially between the florists of Now York, Cincinatti and Philadeipbia, Tho Western- ors have for several yours carried of tho honors in thm | branch of the art, aud tho display will be the more im- teresting bec.use of the lively rivalry that will be mani- feetod. ‘TOR WESTERN BXCURSIONISTS, Tho second entertainmont by tho merchants of Phila- delphia to the representative mou from other cities takes place at the Centennial grounds on the 2lat inet, It is arranged with the co-oporation of the railway com- panies and will include the loading journalists, membore of boards of trade, mayors, governors and merchants of the cities of the Westaud Nortawest. The invitations are just Detng {ssued, aud, of course, the number to be prow ont cannot be announced, but it will probably reach about 250, After Meng | the grounds and imapecting the buildings there will be a banquet and speeches, the guests boing brought direct to Fairmount Park oy rail @ as quick time as poesible. in order to show how it cam be dono in Centennial times, Among the distinguished perzons who have been in- vited are the following :—Governor Johu_ ¥, Hartranft, of Pennsylvania; Governor Sathacl J. Tilden, of Now York; Governor William Allen, of Uhio; Governor GQ ©, Carpenter, ot Lowa; Governor James B. MeCreary, of Kentucky; Governor W. HL. Taylor, of Wisconsin, Govornor Joum L. Boveridge, of Ulinols; Governor J: J. Bagioy, of Michigan; Governor Charles H, Hardin, of Missourl; Governor Thomas A. Hondricks, of Indiana; Governor ©. K. Davis, of Minnesota; Governor James B. Groome, of Marylant; ex-Governors William Dennison and Rutherford B. Mayes, of Ouio, Hou. Allon G, Thurman, of Ohio; Hon, Jolin Sherman, of Ohio; Hon. Carl Schurz; Murat Halsted, of the Cincinnati Commercial; Henry 0. Watterson, of the Louisville Courier-Journal; Cornclins Yande get wor jam Hl. Vanderbilt; ox-Mayor Joceph Ge editor of the Chiengo Trilune; Wilbur F. Storey, of the Cbicnge ‘Times; Goorgo Pullman, of the Pullman Car Componys Charles H, McCormick, tho reapor inventor; Hom, J Wentworth, of Chicago, Russell te of ths Pitta. burg Commercial; Hon. Goorgo B. Pond! ge Hon. Thomas Allen, of St Louis; Colonel Thomos Scott, President of the Penusylvania Railroad,