The New York Herald Newspaper, September 25, 1875, Page 3

NEw YORK HERALD, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 25, 1875.—TRIPLE SHEET. ANCIENT AMERICA, Races of Men Flourishing Here a Thou- sand Years Ago. WORK OF THE HAYDEN SURVEY. Prehistoric Farming in the United States. San Juan River, Southeastern me} August 8, 1875. The limits of the section of country abounding in Prehistoric remains seems to be well defined, for ‘when the first ruined building is observed many more are found in the immediate vicinity; and so, through the whole country occupying the conjunctive corners of Colorado, Utab, Arizona and New Mexico will be found Bcattered, more or less thickly, these evidences of a former greatness, until, finally, converging from this ‘Darren waste, the last vestige has been passed, After we had examined tho first important ruin at Aztec Springs we moved our camp in a westward direc- tion twenty-five miles, to the banks of a dry axoya or flood-wash, called in the euphonious Ute Indian tongue the Hovvenweep, named by Captain Moss and Mr. W. Hi. Jackson last summer, and signifying DESERTED CANYON. The dim old trail which wo followed wound down the course of the McElmo (another dry channel), along ‘whose banks and in the adjacent cliffs were discovered several antique structures of stone and adobe, fragmen- tary walls and half-crumbled towers, On the right sido of the waterless stream lay great beds of rea sandstone, ‘among whose cliffé time and the elements had eroded deep caverns and fantastic tunnels. These had been converted into dwellings by walling up the openings with square blocks of the prevailing stone, leaving only @ square entrance of about eighteen inches. One hort- zontal series of such abodes was approached by means ofa succession of niche steps cut in the vertical rock Deneath. Some of the apartments were scarcely six feet square and three or four high, while one cave, in many instances, would be divided by a wall into two dwellings. Tho entrance in each house consisted of a sinall, nearly square opening, the bottom being always a few inches wider than the top. Further down the McElmo stands a group of various sorts of ruins, the most marked being known as ‘‘Battlo Rock.” This isa great boulder of débris rock which has fallen partly down from its original position, on the north side of which is a straight fortification wall ina state of good preservation. Below this stand the walls of a tower, some fifteen feet in diameter, plainly show- ing the ends of cedar beams all around tho circumfer- | ence four fect aboye the ground, where the floor of the second story had been laid. On the south side of “Bat- tle Rock” iay the remnants of several walls, and on the very top of the highest point of rock, several hun- @red fect above, were other walls still standing, show- 4ng clearly, from the general character, that the place had beengone of defence. Much broken pottery was scattMed around, and several minute but extremely perfect flint arrow heads were picked up among it, As the canyon grew wider in advancing down, walls becamo visible on either side, paxtially hidden in the rocks far above us. One tower was ro- markable for its isolation from all surrounding objects. @ It stood on a square rock, twelve fect above the hill side, and its walls exhibited the same shade of brown coloring which marked the sandstones of the locality. OTHER PICTURESQUE RUINS, Dozens of different ruins might be mentioned and described, but for illustration only a few of the most characteristic will be cited. Leaving the principal trail, wo struck off to the right in a western direction for the Hovvenweep. The day was almost unbear- ably liot, and we had but a couple of ganteens filled with alkaline water, which we obtained at tho last ¢ camp. In the whole twenty-five miles we saw but two small puddles ‘of muddy and almost boiling water, which lay in sinks 4n the bed of the McElmo, Jackson and our guide ‘went on in advance in search of water for camp uso, and in case they were not successful we would have to push on some twenty miles further, to the San Juan; and forty-five miles for a pack train on such a day was not to be thought of. A little past noon, almost broiled ‘with the heat which poured down trom the tropical sun ‘and was reflected from the sand of the desert, we de- Bcended into the dry bed of the Hovvenweep. Here wo found our men digging in the sand, and already they had been rewarded by a shallow well of water, which, to our parched throats, tasted cool and refresh- Ing, although strongly saturated with the prevalent oda and limeof the country, A few hundred feet forther down we discovered a small pool, which suf- ficed for the mules. Just north of our camp, scarcely a quarter of a milo distant, stood a collection of the most complicated and extended ruins we had yet seen, The general shape of the group was asemi-circle, running from the north around through the west to the south of where they commenced, The entire length was some 275 feet, In the erection of their durable structures no definite plan Beemed to have been followed by the architects, al- though, for all we can tell, they may have had a dis- tinct purpose in every peculiarity of design. Tho outer walls of this fortress (for everything indicated that it | had been used as such) stood ona solid layer of rock, or series of boulders, a hundred feet above the creck, while the walls of the interior of the arc stood on the level ground below, thus form- Ing two successive stories to the building, the | higher of which was undoubtedly approached from the top of the lower by means of ladders, The building stone was all roughly cut or trimmed into rectangular and cubical blocks. and plastered together with the hands of the workmen, §n all or most of their house building these people em- ployed no mason’s or builder’s tools, for the prints of the fingers, knuckles, distinctly impressed in the mud which is now as hard as tho rocks which it joins together, The very veins and finest lines on the skin of the fingers is visible | We cannot | everywhere on the edges of the mortar. Amagine the amount of labor in cutting stone, carrying it from the hillsides and building it into thousands of eubic feet of wall that is represented In one such produc- tion of those ancient people. Perhaps thousands of hhands were employed tor many years, although many | things suggest the idea of rapidity in the erection of Such strongholds. 4 REMARKABLE SKELETON, Selecting two chambers among the others in the Duilding, we had them cleared of the rubbish which had been depositing for centuries, aided by small avimals, the wind and the wearing away of rocks and mortar, This reached to a depth of three and a half feet, but we discovered nothing on the floor of the apartment savo fragments of decomposed crockery and several pieces of charcoal and other indications of fre, Everything had been destroyed thus, or else had long since been carried away by wandering tribes of Indians or explor- ing whites. In the neighborhood we discovered sev- eral other less important walls and cave houses, which, unlike those of the Nancos Canyon, invariably Duilt on the west sido to get the morning sun, ap- peared here on cither side, indiscriminately. Six or eight miles above the great ruin a skeleton was found. in the vertical bank of the wash. Tho skull and part of the body protruded throughthe earth and go attracted attention. Tho body had been placod inahalf recumbept attitude scarcely four feet below the surface, which was now Covered with sage brush indicating a growth of more than a hundred years. Tho skull was dug out per- fectly wholeybut fell to pieces when it was dropped on the ground. — It showed a full, high, intellectual foro- head and undowbtedly belonged to the dotico-cephali or Jong-headed divdsion. The head was massive and un- usually long,jthcs jaws containing two regular sets of very large and si¥ong teeth, which still were perfectly preserved. The Lwidge of tho nose was exceedingly prominent and dented a very largo nasal organ. We entertained no doubt \that these were the remains of one of the ancient in¥abitants entirely distinct from any of the representatives of the genuine Indian tribes of to-day, More develop. Vents may serve to solve she problem, Passing down tho Hovvenweep we stopped to investi- Bate many old buildings amon, the cliffs and rocks, one of which stood on a cubical ston® thirty odd feet each War, Thore were no meava of sc{ting up to where the It is a matter of certainty that | nails and whole hands are | ‘walls stood around the edge than by the aid of a Indder or by creeping up the perpendicular face by the assist- ance of shallow, weather-worn hollows niched in the rocks. Just beyond this we observed ANOTHER GROUP OF RUINS, situated on a high biuff, beneath which were etchings cut in the overhanging cliff, and pictorial inscriptions, which were undoubtedly produced by the origina) builders of the surrounding dwellings. Above this, on the highest point of the mesa, we picked up a number of stone implements and found an extensive graveyard marked off into squares of about six feet, by stones set into the soil on edge. Opening two of these nothing was revealed but a quantity of charcoal and some white dust. From a foot anda half to two feet down the solid bed-rock appeared, so that it was impossible for anything to have been buried there. The only con- clusion at which we could arrive, then, was that this particular community practised cremation, either as a portion of their religion or because of the urgency of the times when their persecutors were driving them out of their country. We noticed particularly some large circular mounds, which perhaps marked the rest- Ing place of the ashes of some prominent personages, The McElmo joins the Hovvenweep near these ruins, and they descend together to the San Juan, In the ab- sence of any trail we took this channel as: the most available route by which to reach the next water, the San Juan River. This presented a wide, smooth, gradually descending road, opening out ocoasionally into extensive but dry valleys, winding in a zigzag manner around. the points of the mesag, which jutted out and dovetailed into each other. Thus we had to travel thirty miles to make twenty. In one place we stopped to examine one side of the channel, where wo observed some charcoal exposed to view. We dug into the bank for two feet and found what had once been a fireplace, contatning scorched and burned slabs of limestone and whole }ogs of charred cottonwood. There was but one of two ways to account for this—either the fire had originally been built on the surface and ten feet of de- posit bad accumulated over it while the creck was eating its way along its side, or a hole had been made ten feet ‘deep, at the bottom of which a great five had burned. But tn either case it had ceased to burn many years ago. HOTTER BVEN THAN NEW YORK. Tho rays of the sun shone down at a temperature of 140 degrees, and rebounded from the glaring sand with scorching power. No water was to be had anywhere save what we had in our canteens or rubber bags, and this was so hot toward noon that it scalded our mouths and seemed to puff out in steam when it was un- corked. The shoes on the feet of the mules seemed to warp, and rattled loosely. A flask of whiskey which one of the patty had wrapped up in an army overcoat ‘was so uncomfortably warm that it was almost an im- possibility to swallow it. For all this extreme heat and drought, however, we passed through some of the loveliest avenues and vistas we had ever | Seen. Descending tho dry wash of the | creek, the sandy bottom was hard and Jevel as a floor and the straight banks rose on either side of us for eight or ten feet, Above the great cottonwood trees on the banks spread | their branches in arches across the path, and fora long distance we galloped along this broad, beautiful aisle which nature had hidden so far away from the haunts of man. It was late in the afternoon when the train camped on the banks of the San Juan» We wero close to it before we saw its waters, and nothing was ever so grateful to tired, hungry, thirsty, hot mortals as the luscious shade of the cottonwood groves and the near flowing waters of the great river, On these banks ‘we expected to discover and photograph some of the most interesting of these ancient ruins; and, beforo passing on to any further descriptions, it may be well | to inquire who were these obscure people who occupied this country long before it was discovered by Colum- bus. Let us go back to the early history of our coun- try, or, rather, refer to the prebistoric glimpses of the past, Some time about the sixth or seventh century, A. D., race of people appeared on the Western Continent called the Toltecs. Whether they were autochthones, springing from the soil, or whether they migrated to | this country from another, ts not settled, and is a mat- ter of much conjecture; but the latter supposition seems the most probable, for their sudden appearance can bo accounted for in no other way. They may have como over from Asia and penetrated southward to Central America, for their manners, customs and modes of liv- ing, so far as we can ascertain, resembled closely those | of the Orientals. They were an industrious, harmless, peaceful people, employing, to a certain extent, the fine arts, and in some parts of Central America mighty edifices of stone, carved and polished and built in fan- tastic shapea, representing huge serpents and imaginary beasts, still remain to bear evidence of the advancement of the times and the proficiency of the architects, ABOUT THR TWELUTH CENTURY arace of people known as the Aztecs, fterce, barbarous and uncultured, came down from the northward and conquered and subjugated the Toltec race. Fora time they ruled and made slaves of the vanquished people, but the Aztecs seem to have beena tribe that sprung up suddenly and as quickly disappeared, for we lose all trace of them after they once sunk into oblivion. Not 80, however, the Toltecs, Until lately there seemed to be a wide gap in time between those ancient races and the Indian race of to-day. The connecting link seems to be the modern Moquis, who most undoubtedly descended from the builders of the ancient ruins wo aro now investigating, and they in their tarn were in all probability remnants of the subja- guted Toltec race, escaped from bgndage. The builders of these ruins seem to have come from the south and built northward, and were then driven back, step by step; for generally the lowermost ruins | are the most perfectly preserved and evidently the | most recent, becoming more complicated as their crea- tors retired southward. For atime this scattered peo- ple seem to have regained their freedom, prospered and multiplied, spreading their towns and secreted communities throughout most all of the canyons of the tributaries of the San Juan, and thence west as far as the Colorado River, But presently another foe, as re- lentiess and persecuting as the Aztecs, appeared on the scene. These were the ancient Ute Indians, who were a strong, bloody tribe, inhabiting a section of country north of the San Juan. We have this fact from the tra~ ditions, both of the present Utes and the Moquis; and» although mere Indian traditions are not data on which to base facts, still they help to establish truths when taken in connection with other facts which are indisputable, All the Utes at the present day will tell the traveller through this country that these ruins are ‘‘Moquitch”’ remains, We made it a point to ask the question whenever we had the | opportunity, and invariably received the same reply. Showing @ party of Utes one day acolloction of pot- tery which we had gathered we inquired of them whether it was Ute pottery, and were answered “Mo- quitch,”’ with a point of the finger southward. As wo were digging in one of the old graves at another time a Ute passed by, who informed us that it was a ‘“iMfo- quitch cache.” We have been repeatedly told that the walls of houses in the vicinity were those of ‘“Moquitch” houses, and it is certain that this idea prevails among the Navajo Indians as well as the Utes--that the Moqui tribe once inhabited all this country many, many years ago, beyond the recollections of theit grandfathers, The Ute traditions, which have beon banded down from one generation to the next for cen- turies, give accounts of a war with this race long ago, in which the Moquis were driven from the country. We know that between three and four centuries ago the seven Moqui towns occupied their present positions on the mesas of Arizona, and wo therefore conclude that these ruins possess a still greater antiquity, It is quite certain that the present Moqui towns wero not built until after the tribe had heen driven south and took thoir last stand there, where they have since re - mained undisturbed for many bundreds of years. In regard to the antiquity of the ruins a great diversity of opinions exists, Some writers give them an antiquity OF NRARLY A THOUSAND YHARS, while others set them down as being not far from 300, It is most probable, however, that they have been standing, a8 near ag it 1s possible to conjecturo from the external evidences which they prosent, for atime in the neighborhood of 500 or 600 years, Many of the crum- bled mounds of stone and clay could not possibly havo ‘become decomposed to such an extent as we find them in a less time by the ordinary action of the elements, and especially in such @ dry, equable atmosphere as characterizes the whole ruin country, Whatever tho genealogy or origin of these people, thero can be not the shade of a doubt that they were the ancestors of those present jnoffensive industrial tribes living in Now Mexico and. Arizona known as the Pueblo, Moqui and Zul, _ Weare nor on pur waw fo the Mogul towng, for pha. thes purpose of photographing their dwellings for compari- son with the older ruins of the northward country. We will have an opportunity of comparing wherein the two peoples were similar and of determining whether they were not identical—that is, whether the ancient race was the ancestral stock of the Pue- bios, Moquis and Zufis, for the three tribes are nearly related, an@d what is proved regarding one will apply to all, DEMOCRATIC STATE COMMITTEE. ORGANIZATION OF THE STATE CENTRAL COM- MITTEE—A. ©. BEACH DECLINES THE CHAIR- MANSHIP—DANIEL MAGDNE, JR., RECEIVES THE APPOINTMENT—E. K. APGAR, SECRE- TARY—LIST OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. Aubany, Sept, 24, 1875. The Democratic State Central Committee met at the Delavan House this afternoon. All the members were present except Francis Nolan, James G. Preston, Darius Ogden and Willtam H. Henderson, R. R Crowley ap- peared for the latter, Hon, A. C, Beach, chairman of the committee, stated the first business in order would be the election of a permanent chairman. He said:—‘Permit mo at this juncture to say that my private affairs demand so much of my fime and attention that it will be impos- sible for me to accept a re-election as chairman of the State Committee, Last year, as you will recollect, I re- luctantly took the chairmanship, and, unfortunately, I found it impossible to give it that personal attention involved in a thorough and successful conduct of the canvass, I shall also be unable to give it that attention this fall, and so thanking you, gentlemen of the com- mittee, for past honors and confidences, I respectfully, but positively, decline a re-electfon to the position of chairman. I urge upon you all, however, the necessity for active, vigilant work in bebalf of the admirable ticket put in nomination at Syracuse, It is the ticket of genuine reform, and as such should have the support of democrats and all others opposed to cor- ruption imany form. The great and important reforms which have been inaugurated not only receive my warm and earnest sympathy, but must have tho co- operation of every honest citizen, in order not only to secure the purification but the preservation of our gov- ernment, State aye federal, The friends of adminis- trative ‘purity Everywhere throughout the State should rally enthusiastically to the support of the movement, While, a8 I have said; I cannot give the time to the canvass which, as chairman, | should feel was demanded of m I shall do all in my power in the ranks to elect so goo a ticket on so excellent @ platform.” Edward Cooper moved that the committee proceed to elect a chairman, which was carried, and Danicl Ma- gone, Jr., was unanimously elected. ‘On’ motion of Mr. Fairchild, E. K. Apgar was ap- pomted permanent secretary. On motion of J. B, Pearsall Edward Cooper was ap- pointed treasurer. s ‘A letter was recetved from Colonel Pelton conveying an invitation from Governor Tilden to the committee to visit him at his mansion this evening, which invitation ‘was accepted, Mr. Fairchild moved that the Chair appoint an execn- tive committee of nine to take charge of the approach- ing canvass. This wag carried and the Chair appointed the following:—Allen ©. Beach, Joseph Warren, Sidney T. Fairchild, William W. Gordon, J. B. Pearsall, Will- jam A. Fowler, John Kelley, Charles H. Benedict, William Parcel, On motion of Mr. Apgar the chairman of the State Committee was added and made chairman of the Ex- ecutive Committee, On motion of Mr. Apgar D. 8. Lamont, of Cortland county, was made clerk of the State Committee. Mr. Fairchild moved that Albany be made tho head- quarters of the Executive Committee, Carried. On motion of Mr. Apgar each member of the State Committee was requested to assume the responsibility of the management of the canvass in his district, and make prompt reports whenever called upon by’ the committee to do 60, Adjourned. P The committee have issued the following address :— DeMOCRATIO-REvUBLICAN State CowmrrEE Rooms, Aupany, N. Y., Sept. 24, 1875, To tne CrrizeNs oy New York :— The Democratic-Liberal Republican State Cen tral Committee invite you to a patriotic and congenial duty. The fundamental principles of our organization need not be rehearsed; they are embodied in the constitution of our Commonwealth and in that of the Federal Union, and stand unchallenged by our opponents as the creed of the true American, At tho present time we ask your attention to the measures not only proposed but in actual progress. Standing on a platform of a currency to be made as good as gold we int to diminishing debt and reduced taxation. Stand- ie firmly by an Executive who has resolutely exposed and is systematically punishing fraud and corruption, we ask for him and the organization he represents prac- tical aid, that there may be no step backward in the work of reform, To this end it is of the first import ance that none but upright men shall be elected to the Legislature, and that all candiaates for municipal and county officers shall be above suspicion of personal or official crime. It is not enough that our excellent State ticket be successful. The cleansing should pervade the whole system of the body politic. By the terms of the call which assembled State Convention, in conformity with the action of that Con- vention, and speaking in a representive capacity for the citizens who elected Goyernor Tilden, since re- inforced by many thousands, who now indorse his acts, we appeal to the friends of a pure and economical gov- ernment t co-operate in this great political reforma- tion. Signed for the Committec. D. MAGONE, Ja, Chairman, E. K. Arca, Secretary. THE FUJIAN PLAGUE. THE OLD CANNIBALS STARVING—FORTY THOU- SAND DEATHS IN FOUB MONTHS—DESERTED VILLAGES—BURYING PEOPLE ALIVE. [From the Sidney Herald.) Farther information from Fiji conveys still darker accounts of the plague which has recently passed over the new colony. A resident of long standing, writing to a Victorian contemporary, says:—'The death rate is not yet made up, but the probability is that 40,000 Fi- jians died during the four months’ p!agne, The native population of Fiji is now about one-third only of what it was when I landed bere about twenty-five years ago,”? ‘The accounts given of the magnitude of the’ disaster are less harrowing than those of the sufferings of tho victims, "Very few died of the’ measles, the majority dying of subsequent disease in the form of dysentery, congestion of the lungs, &c. Want of nourishment or starvation carried i off thousands” Weare told that “all work was sus- pended for two months. You could pass through whole towns withoat meeting any one in the streets, which were soon completely covered with grass. Entering a house you would find men, women and children all ly- ing down indiscriminately, some just attacked, some still in agony, and others dying. Some who were strong enough attempted suicide. and not always un- su ly.” We are further told that "as the scourge became more permanent four oF five wore buried to- gether in’ one gravo, and genorally without religious service. In some cases the dead were buried in the earthern floors of the houses, in others just outside the house, The burials were hurried, and the probability is that some were buried alive, In many in- stances the husband, wife and children all died, In ono village all the women died, an in another all the men.” It is interesting to read 6! the different mental effects produced by the torture of disease. Itis not surprising to find that ‘some made fruitless sppeals to their ancient god. Some inland tribes, who had only recently embraced Chris- tianity, considered that the disease was conveyed by their religious teachers, and they dismissed them and then abandoned their new religion. Among these some were for killing the teachers, but their wiser counsels prevailed. His said that one tribe buried alive one teacher's wife and child, whose husband and fathor had died of the plague, to stop infection.” Bat while Some in their distress fell back on their former super. won the greater number are said to have borne their calamity with fortitude, and to havo sutfered and died under the influenee of Christianity. ACCIDENT TO COLONEL PORTER. In the vicinity of six o'clock last evening whilo Colonel H. M. Porter, commandant of the Twenty- second regiment, was enjoyibg a horseback ride on the Seventh Avenue Boulevard, and when near the corner of 146th street, be was suddenly thrown from the animal and severely injured. His wounds, which in- cluded acuton the head and contusions of the right Jeg and arm, were promptly dressed 7 Dr. William A, Varian, of Kingsbridge, who was fortunately near enough to lend early assistance, and he was then ro- moved to the hospital at Ninety-ninth street, pending arrangements for his transfer to bis mesidence in East Twenty-second street. WILD STEERS AT LARGE. A drove of steers broke loose from plor No, 44 East River last evening, and, running wildly through the streets in the upper section of the city, created great consternation among the large number of pedestrians enjoying the pleasant night air. The police in exc lent season gave chase, and finally succeeded in killing three of them—one at Ninety-seventh street and Sev- enth avenue, another at Ninety-ninth street and Third avenue, and the third at the corner of 103d street and the fame avenue, Quiet was then restored. No one was injured, ALLEGED INFANTICIDE. The police of the Nineteenth precinct yesterday evening arrested Elizabeth Donovan, aged sixteen years, residingat No, 332 East Forty-eighth street, on suspicion of having thrown her new-born infant into a vault in the yard of her residence. jpposed ui natural mother was taken to Bellevue Hospital asa risoner And the Ogroner way notified to hold an in- TALL RIVER STRIKE Conditions Precedent to Resumption Pre- scribed by the Mill Owners. Organizations of Capital Condemning Organizations of Labor. EIGHT THOUSAND WEAVERS IN COUNCIL. Violence Threatened and Serious Trouble An- ticipated on Monday, Faw River, Sept. 24, 1875, The operatives are greatly excited here to-night, owing to the unexpected publication of the document which the manufacturers demand they shall sign be- fore they will be permitted to go to work, The Manu- facturers’ Board of Trade or Masters’ Union had stated that if the operatives would go in at the twenty- four per cent reduction they would open the mills on Monday next, They said they had some slight condi- tions to ask of the help, but they did not consider they could open the mills without some points in their (the owners’) favor, AS a bint only they sent out the following this week :— ‘THE MILE OWNERS? HINT, ‘The mill operatives having in several meetings re- solved to return to their work at the reduction of wages proposed on the Ist of August, the manufactur- ers, comprising a majority of all the boards of directors in the city, met at the Board ot Trade rooms on Satur- day to combider the question of resumption. The unani- mous conclusion was that, although there was no inducement in the present state of the market to run their mills, yet they would resume work upon conditions that thetr employéa would pledge them- selves to hereafter keep free from any combinations which would prevent their free choice upon all ques- tions of wages or labor. The mills will, therefore, be opened on Monday, tho 27th inst., and’ each corpora- tion will require ‘such condition’ as it may deem proper, each agreeing not to employ any help which was in'the employ of any other corporation at the time of suspensson. This action on the part of the manufacturers will put an end to the anxiety as to the time of opening, but whether the conditions are wise or beneficial, may be open to question. To get to work is the first consideration, however, and the conditions can be disposed of hereafter. This ‘feeler” had a bad effect on the operatives, They set their friends to work, and soon discovered that the mill owners really demanded what it was not in their power to grant, The idea seems to have been that the operatives were to have been kept’ in ignorance of what was wanted of them until they should present themselves at the mills tor work, when they were ex- pected to sign and ask no questions, ACTION OF THE SPINNERS. Notwithstanding the utmost secrecy was attempted the spinners got an abstract of the document on Wednesday, and the same afternoon held a mecting at Mayhew's Hall, denouncing the whole movement, and passed a resolution to the effect that they would starve before signing any such conditions, At twelve o'clock to-day, however, the affair threatened to culminate in a serious disturbance, An enterprising journal here, devoted to tho cause of the laborers, by some means procured a copy of the conditions, and at once pub- ished it, Here ts tho form of contract which it is demanded the operatives must sign:— THE MILL OWNERS’ CONDITIONS. Aarexwent—We, the undersigned, each for himself and not jointly, in consideration of our respective em- ployment by the’ — Mills, and as’a part of our respect- ive agreement with the same, do hereby severally agree with said company. First—That we will not, while in theemploy of said corporation, belong to or be influenced by tho action of any association or combination whose mem- bers are subject Wo the will of the majority in the mat- ter of wages or any other subject connected with the free right of any person to work for whom and at such Tates ag they may see fit. Second—That should we wish to leave the employ of said corporation we will give notice in writing to our over- seers and will continug to work ten days after said no- tice, it being understood that notices of not more than one-eighth of any one class of operatives will be ac- cepted within one week, or if less than eight persons in any one class not more than one notice from such class; and should we leave the mill without giving and work- ing the term of said notice we will forfeit all money that may be due us from said corporation for labor pre- viously performed. Third—Any breach of the provisions of this agree- ment or the printed regulations posted in the mills shall be considered ‘‘misconduct”’ on the part of the respective subscribers hereto, and shall be sufficient cause for summary discharge from the employment of suid corporation, Without notice or payment of wages, in lieu of notice, ‘THE WEAVERS’ MEETING, As soon as this was made public the Weavers’ Com- mittee, representing about eight thousand men, called a meeting of their branch of the trade, at the Opera House here, at three o’clock, ‘Tims building was crowded to its utmost capacity by six hundred female and twelve hundred male weavers, It was the largest meeting that has been held here since the trouble Dogan eight weeks ago. The platform was occupied by members of the: Weavers’ Executive Committee and several prominent local men who favor a resistance to this agreement ‘THE VIRST SPEAKER was Mr, Biltcliffe, an old gentleman seventy-five years of age, perfectly gray and almost feebte in his move- ments With considerable pathos he pictured this last act of tyranny on the part of the manu- facturers; declared it was “a desperate, illo. gal measure; that they. had already been tempted almost beyond endurance to enforce their rights as fathers with starving families, and as men whose bread had been held back by greedy specu- Jators, He traced the results of the famous bread riots in England and Wales of afew years ago, and stated that though he hoped they would still act as men and women desirous of maintaining the peace as long as there was the faintest hope of receiving justice, yet ho knew that, as human beings, they could not re- strain themsobves in the face of tyranny and oppres- sion forever, and that if the long dreaded timo had come at last, the responsibility of any trouble hat might arise must rest on those alono who had gored 18,000 or 26,000 people to desperation by their avarice and inhumanity, He quoted the old adage, ‘Whom the gods would destroy they first make mad,” and with much emotion, that brought tears to the eyes of many present, ho hoped they might be able to re- frain from deeds of violence such as he had learned had been threatened by several of their members. “But you will not submit to it, I hope,” said the old man, quivering with weakness; ‘you cannot submit to lose your right as American citizens to be hurled in the dust Old as1amI would rather Ne down by the sido of my family and letus all die of starvation to- gether than yield” (Great clapping of hands by the women and cheers from the men.) AN BLOQUENT APPEAL. “Do you call this a free country, when employers may say you shall only earn enough for one meal a day; that you shall not have your Union, though they have theirs; that you must bear in silence all the impo- sition,” all the degradation of slaves—worse off than were the slaves in the South before the war! Is this liberty? Is this republicanism? Is this what you fought for when you suffered to preserve the Union of our glorious country? I would counsel you to beware of the worst, but at the same timo let mo say that as good men as you are have been unable to contain them- selves in times past, and if you can prove yourselves superior to them the world will praise you for your forbearance. Don’t go to work as slaves. Let the mills stand as they have done for two months, like so many sleeping babies. It is not the mill, it is not the machtnery and capital alone, but your lithe fingers that will produce that by which the manufacturers must live. But keep your fingers clean if you cannot use them with sufficient remuneration to feed your selves and families.’ The old man tottered back to his seat amid thunder- ing applause. Other speakers followed, all more or less radical, but hinting strongly that if violence were done there were but four or five families in the town who could be charged with having engendered it, POSITIVR REFUSAL TO WORK, While the Chairman read the resolutions an impatient silence prevailed; and when the question was finally put every one inthe place arose and affirmed that nothing should lead them to go to work unless the manufacturers withdrew their conditions, Some were for going in a body to the City Hall and demanding that the mills bo openod, even 3 wanted to leave the city in a body and tramp the coun. try for sustenance; others wanted to stay away on Monday altogether; but this was considered unwise as it would give the owners ap opportunity of saying, “You didn’t come t6 see what we would do.”” Others again intimated that immediate measures of severity would alone stop these acts of tyranny. Finally it was agreed to go to the mills on Monday, and, if the conditions were withdrawn, to go to work; if they were not withdrawn, then it would be neces- sary to look to themselves, To-night matters have a very unpleasant aspect and many of the citizens will be glad to see Monday over, for it is impossible to predict what may be the result of other rebuffs. STIRLING, MEETING OF THE CREDITORS OF THE BALTI- MORE SUGAR FIRM—STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITLES, AHRENS & CO, Baurimore, Md., Sept. 24, 1875. | The Sun, this morning contains the following:— | ‘The creditors of Stirling, Ahrens & Co, have generally Signed the agreement in connection with the assign- ment of the affairs of the firm of Enoch Pratt and | Robert T. Baldwin as trustees, The matter under com sideration yesterday was understood to be the obtaining of the necessary bond, beside other matters, and, when satisfactorily completed, the deed will be duly recorded, The firm have made an exhibit of their affairs, which has been carefully scrutinized by the principal credit- ors, and the estimated vatue of the assets reduced to $600,000, The proposition under which the assignment is made ts, that the trustees of the Calvert Company shall be paid $450,000 in full for their ctaim of $1,042,000, | and tho remainder of the assets to be divided for the benefit of the general creditors, The exhibit made to the creditors of Stirling, Ahrens & Co., as shown by the statement of the firm with the $600,000 reduction of their assets, is as follows: — ‘Total liabilities, as per Stirting, Ahrens & Co.’s state- ment, $4,782,000; less amount indorsement of notes of Calvert Sugar Refining Company, $1,300,000; less ainount to credit of Theodore ‘Ahrens, | deceased, $24,000, ‘Total, $1,324,000, Net liabilities,’ $3,438,000. Deduct the amount of indebtedness to the Calvert Sugar Refining Company, $1,042,000, and tho liabilities are $2,416,000, Of the $2,416,000 thero is secared $1,705,000; unsecured, $711,000, Total assets, as per Statement, $4,412,000—less amount of notes of the Calvert Company, included in liabilities, as indorsed, $1,300,000, Assets, $3,112,000, Deduct amount of Habilities secured and hypothecation of merchandise and paper, $1,705,000, Balance, applicable to unse- cured liabilities, $1,407,000. Deduct amount proposed to be paid to the trustees of the Calvert Company in full for $1,042,000, $450,000; balance, $957,000. Fifty per cent ‘of ‘the unsecured total, $711,000, $357,000. Balance to cover losses and over vaiuation, $600,000. If anything is saved out of this $600,000 it is to go to the general creditors, OBITUARY. | DR, ERNST ERACKOWIZER, Hl avery eminent German physician, died at his coun- try residence, at Sing Sing, Thursday, He had been long ailing from inflammation of the bowels, and finally succumbed to the dreaded complaint. Dr, Krackowizer was born in Styria, one of tho Danubian provinces of the Austrian Empire, fifty-three years ago, and at an early age he became distinguished in the medical pro- fession. When the widespread revolt of 1843 swept over Europe and shook empires to their centre, Dr. Krackowizer became one of the leading spirits, and was consequently obliged to flee from Vie! na The captain of the democratic ‘Student's Legion,” even as an assistant of the colebrated Austrian surgeon, Professor Schub, could not find a safe resting place where the active agents of the Austrian govern- ment could reach him. His only resource at the time was flight to America, Arriving in this country, he | commenced his medical practice in Williamsburg. ° In | 1856 he removed to New York, and his wonderful skill | as a surgeon soon brought him abundant practice, He became medical adviser of the Mount Sinai and New York Hospitals, In the reorganization of Bellevue Hos- pital Dr. Krackowizer bore @ prominent part. He was an influential member of the Committee of Seventy. There is hardly a club or literary association in New York that will not mourn the loss of this distinguished | physician, ® EX-JUDGE W. M. BOERUM. William M. Boerum, a native of Brooklyn, and a well known politician, died in that city on Thursday even- ing. Deceased, who was fifty-two years of age, was Clerk of the Common Council from 1849 to 1951. He | served ono term as Fire Commissioner under the Volun- teer Department, and in 1860 was elected Justice of the | Peace for the First district. Though he was clected to the latter office on the republican ticket it was pro- posed at the expiration of his term to renomi- nato him for the same office. Justice Boerum declined the honor, and the late Justice James Buckley was elected in his place, Mr. Boerum then became a searcher in the office of the Collector of Taxes of Kings county, and continuea to occupy that position up to within’ @ recent period, when he was attacked by dropsy, which disease eventually terminated his earthly career, He leaves a family and many friends to mourn his demise. His funeral will take place from his late residence, No. 112 Prospect place, this afternoon. GEORGE A, SHUFELDT. George A. Shufeldt, father of Commodore Shufeldt, died at Kingston, N. Y., on the 20th inst, aged eighty- three years. Mr, Schufeldt was born in Rhinebeck, Dutchess county, in September, 1793; graduated at Union Coliege, Schnectady, in 1813, and was among the oldest of the living alumni of the college. Ho was ad- mitted to the Bar in 1815, and held tho office of District Attorney of Dutchess county for many years. From 1816 to 1824 he was the attorney for the United States government in one of the greatest lawsuits ever tried or decided in this country. This was the famous suit growing out of the war of 1812 with reference to draiting for the army. The supremacy of tho federal government depended on the question, The general | oem claimed the right to draft men within the borders of a particular State to serve with- out the borders of that State, and in this manner to organize armies to defend the central government, The Court of Errors of New York decided against the United States, and an appeal was presented to the Supreme Court, where the decision of the New York court was reversed and the right of the teaeral rn ment was affirmed. In this great lawsuit Mr. Shufeldt had as associates Martin Van Buren, Thomas L, Talcott, John Welles, Thomas Addis Emmett and William Wirt, On the other side were Thomas J. Oak- ley, Mr. Pinkney, of Maryland; Luther Martin and others. Mr. Shufeldt saw the first steamboat ascend the Hudson, and was familiar with politics and statos- men of the Republic from the earhest day. He had a rsonal acquaintance with Aaron Burr, Martin Van ety Mr. Cathoun and General Jackson, A democrat, supporting General Jackson and Mr. Van Buren, in his, earlier life, when the war of the rebellion broke out Mr. Shufeldt joined the Fepablican party and sustained the cause of the Union. e leaves a large family of children and @ wide circle of friends, JEDGE JOHN H. REYNOLDS. A despatch from Albany announces the death of Judge John H. Reynolds, at his residence in Kinder- book, at eleven o'clock yesterday morning. He waaa distinguished member of the New York Bar, and has occupied many prominent positions. He commenced his legal studies at Kinderhook, with Mr. Beekman, and thence went to Albany, where he was associated first with Marcus T. Reynolds and afterward with Messrs. Ira and Hamilton Harris. Under the adminis- tration of President Pierce he was Postmaster at Albany, and took some part in the hard and soft shell fight of that period. In 1859 he was elected to Con- gress as an independent, his unsuccessful regular democratic opponent being Erastus Corning. Mr. Reynolds was appointed one of the Associate Judges of the Court of Appeals under the amended constitution of New York, and also served as a Commissioner of Ap- peals. He was about fifty-five years of age at the timo cs ‘his death and was much esteemed by all who knew ima, MME, FARRENC, A cable despatch from Paris announces the death o Mme. Jeanne Louise Farrenc, the celebrated musician and composer. Mmo, Farrene was born in Paris on tho Sist of May, 1804, and was, therefore, in her seventy- second year at the time of her death, Sho studied at the Conservatory of Music under Moschetes, Hummel, Reicha and other celebrated masters. Later she gave private lessons on the piano, and counted among her pupils the Duchess of Orleans. She attracted notice at several concerts, and becamo a professor at the Conservatory in September, 1842. Tn 1832 she was marricd to M. Aristide Farrenc, a distin- guished musician, _who afterward became a musical critic, Mme. Parrenc was awarded the Chartier Prize by the Institate in 1869, wh 1s given for the best drawing room musical composition, She published several articles in the Gazette Musicale, some of which DEATH IN THE WELL. The Body of Lester Sykes Re- covered Yesterday. Exciting Scenes in the Shadows of the Night. AN INQUEST NOT TO BE HELD SPRINGHIELD, Mass., Sept. 24, 1875. The melancholy death of Lester Sykes—it is hardly too strong to call it murder—at the bottom of John Colden’s ill-fated well, in West Springteld, was realized | as an absolute fact at thirty-five minutes past elevem: o'clock this forenoon, when, in the silent presence of nearly 1,000 spectators crowding up to the prescribed circle, the body of the doomed man was raised from the bottom of the well in which he was suddenly buried nearly forty hours previous by the caving in of the earth upon him, ‘The scene during the long, weary hours of last night, third of the victtm’s imprisonment, as the work of re- leasing him went on, was solemnly impressive, and @ buge bonfire and two locomotive headlights shed a lurid: light over the spot, casting deep shadows against the neighboring hills and woods and lighting up the pale and anxious faces of the thousand persons who watched and waited and hoped, Indeed, the anxiety was not confined to the large crowd of spectators, for throughout this city last evening the onetopie of conver- sation at the tea table and on the etreet was the terrible burial, and tardy, slow, dragging rescue over the river.’ Every one felt most deeply the exceeding pity that within three miles of the city of Springfeld a man should be allowed to die, hearing for more than twenty- four hours the sound of human voices and the labor of human hands, and almost the throbbing of haman hearts, all speaking and working for him, but unable, for lack of decent direction, to avert his horrible fate. Not few were tho harsh comments made upon the negligence, inaction and misdirection of the town authorities and, others whose duty it was manifestly at the very be- ginning to have taken efficient means for tM unfortu- mate man’s rescue. It is is no exaggeration to say that the fecting throughout this community is very Dit- ter over the terriblo bungling, and the universal ver- dict is that a squad of professional diggers, which could easily have been obtained in this city for the asking, where several are at work under the direction of skilful contractors, would havo dug that man ont in five houra time, and have got him out alive. THR WORK OF THE RESCUPRS. But to return to the work ofthe rescueys. At mid- night the men who were working a tunnel toward him, thought they had reached the body, but it proved a mistake, and shortly this plan like several others be- fore itwhen almost carried out was abandoned, and the men were let down in a bucket two ata time into the well itself, and began digging the dirt away over the doomed man, The uplifted hand which grasped, the fatal ladder was reached by workmen about three A M. A piece of lumber lay upon it, and it was much discolored. A short time showed. that the treacherous sand had gradually sifted about tho: ill-fated man, filling the at first open space about him,, inclosing his body asin a mouki, and doubtless ending. his torture by suffocation. Tho work of releasing the body proceeded with diligence, bat the miners were now below the curbing and unprotected from the smooth, deceitful sand which they had learned at such cost to fear, POSITION OP THE BODY. The body was in the position in which Mr. Calden, the owner of the well, had predicted it would be found—standing on the ladder, eight feet from tho bottom of the well and twenty-nine feet below the sur-. face of the earth, the ladder having been so suspended. that it did not reach tho bottom of the well by about a foot andahalf. This foot anda half tt probably sank. during the forty hours or so that it bore the weight of, him whom it was intended to gave, About eight o'clock this morning a rope was placed about the body and an effort made to raise it, but it still remained firmly wedged. The crowd surged down into the outer excavation, but were ordered back and made to stand upon the summft of the great circle of freshly moved earth, which had risen to 100 feet in diameter, The authorities had some difficulty in stay- ing the tide of curiosity soekers, until a pale, tired miner came and said to the multitude, “We are work- ing several feet below the curbing and are unprotected > your tread in the vicinity shakee the sand below and puts us in danger.” His request was heeded, and there- after the crowd stood back out of regard for the herocs in the well. At five minutes past eleven tho miners core up, a eed Ai removed, the men stood by the pulley rope for the purpose of ing another trial to raise the body. a RAISING THE BODY. The interest of the crowd was intense. The Rev. Mr. Pomeroy then stepped below the amphitheatre and re- quested every spectator to stand in his place when the body was removed, and that there be no confusion. A few minutes later,’ amid awe and silence, ten men strained the ropes which descended into the mysterious. depths, But the effort was in vain, one toot of the body still was wedged in immovably. Several men went down again and more buckets of earth came up. Sickles were brought and made ready, and then was brutally Suggested the shocking alternative of cutting off the pinioned leg and releasing at once the lifeless body and the living workmen from the precarious place. But, thanks to a better humanity and the objection of Mr. Sykes’ brother, who waa present, the suggestion was not taken up. At length another trial was decided upon with @ new arrangement ofthe ropes, one being hitched to the ladder on which the dody rested and to which the foot was pressed. At half-past eleven o'clock the ropes were again manned by adozen pairs of strong arma The caution against commotion was again repeated to the crowd. ‘Now then, boys,”” said the director, and showly the pulley turned and the ropes were reoléd in and the gray head, white face and breatblees body of Lester Sykes came to the light of day, after a burial of more than forty-four hours, It was laid on an trprovised stretcher, the face reverently covered with a coat, and half a dozen men bore it through an aisle, opened in the great crowd by policemen, to a coflin that had been provided for it, ARRANGEMENTS POR THR PUNRRAM The funeral will take place to-morrow at the old church on Mount Orthodox, and the pastor of the un- fortunate man, Rev, E. N. Pomeroy, who was early on the scene and has remained there almost constantly since, will conduct the services. NO INQUEST. There will be no inquest, the Coroner deeming it un- necessary, although a good many people hereabouts think there should be an official opinion regarding the unintelligent mauner in which the attempted rescue was carried on. Sennen CHRISTIAN YOUNG MEN. SECOND DAY'S PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATIONS OF THE STATE. Newsura, Sept, 24, 1875. The second day of the Tenth Annaal (Convention ot the Young Men’s Christian Association of this State, ta session here, commenced with a prayer service, led by the Rev. George A. Hall, of Washington, D.C. Among those participating were John C. Pierce, of Brooklyn, who thirty-seven years ago in London, with another gentheman, established the first Young Mew’s Christian Association, In the business meeting which followed the following officers were added to the organization : Fourth Vico President, G. B. Massey, of Watertown; Secretaries, H. Adelbert Brown, of Rochester, and James McConaughy, of New York. Standing commit- tees were he gah on business, on credentials, asso- ciations and resolutions. The report of the State Executive Committee was read, showing that there were now fifty-four associa- tions on the rollin this State, two less than last year, There have been dropped from the list:—Albany, Au- rora, Brooklyn, E. D., Ithaca, Newtown, Norwich, Peekskill, Tarrytown and Wi rt; and there have been added :—Buffalo, Friendly Inn, Glen Cove, Mattea- wan, Fisbkill Landing, Northport, Rochester, Rochestor German and Tioga Centre. In several of the cities the associations have been very succesful in their work during the past year. The Committce recommended the appointment of a State Secretary, to devote his undivided efforts to the work of organizi: and strengthening associations, were afterward printed separately, such as the ‘‘His- torical Concerts of M. Fetis, in Paris” (1895), Among the other productions were some rondos, divertisse- ments and airs variés; six fugues‘Yor the piano, over- tures for the grand orch airs variés concertant for the piano and violin and variations on the operas then in vogue (1835-50), EDGAR SNOWDEN. . A despatch from Alexandria, Va, announces the death of Edgar Snowden, senior editor and proprietor } of the Alexandria Gasette, at his home last night, in the sixty-fifth yoar of his age, THOMAS M'CARTY. A despatch from Indianapolis states that Thomas McCarty, a prominent citizen of that city and ex-Audi- RUCRUAN, 2 nila, mM pho reduced rates withous aay reatrigtiong, Others | sor of the Stato pf Indiana, died on I! ‘The expense of such an oflcer would be $3,000 yearly, ‘The recommendation of the committee was discussed at some length and contributions to the amount of $1,300 were made for the object. The Treasurer reported thut the total receipts _for the year were $1,181 16 and the expenditures $1,167 18, The afternoon seasion commenced with a prayer service, led by George W. Cobb, of Cleveland, Obio, after which the following questions were discussed ;— “The advantage to a community of an open place of Christian resort for young ae" and ‘Bow shall wi usd the Bible in evangotistic B. C. Wetmore, of New York; H. H. nati; Rov. G. A. Hill, of Washi Davis, of Vermont, made the princi The evening session was Camero: ercise, conducted by the Rev. Mr, n, and a thanksgiving meeting, with brief statements of new and encouraging features in the work of the associa, dion during bie YOAak.