The New York Herald Newspaper, August 16, 1875, Page 3

NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, AUGUST 16, 1875—TRIPLE SHEET. ~ ARMINIUS. German National Festival in Honor of the Ancient Soldier-Patriot, The Inauguration of the Her- mann Monument. THE NEW IRMINSUL. Sketch of the Life of the German ‘Hero. HERMANN AND THUSNELDA. Julius Ceesar, Drusus, Ti- berius, Varus. THE THREE DAYS’ FIGHT. ““Yarus, Give Me Back My Legions!” TRIUMPH OF GERMANICUS. The First Confederacy of the German Nations. The Destruction of the Irminsul. OPENING OF THE FESTIVITIES. . Reception of Kaiser Wilhelm at Detmold Yesterday. [SPECIAL DESPATCH TO THE HERALD BY CABLE. ] Lonpon, August 15, 1875. By telegraph from Detmold, under date of | to-day, we are informed that the Hermann monument festival commenced this morn- ing with the reception of Kaiser Wilhelm, the Crown Prince of Germany, and Prince Carl of Prussia, who were attended by a numerous suite. MANY OTHER NOTADILITIES PRESENT. During the day there also arrived the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, the hereditary Prince of Schaumburg-Lippo ; Prince Frederic Guen- ther, of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt ; represen- tatives bearing the color’ of all the German States, and many bands of music. A FINt DISPLAY OF MILITARY. There was a grand military display. THE PEOPLE PRESENT IN GREAT NUMBERS. Many hundreds of people lined the road coming from the railway station at Schieder, which is two hours’ march distant. There was a great processional pilgrimage all day long, composed of the peasants and miners of the surrounding country and stu- dents from the seats of learning. WANT OF ACCOMMODATION. Fifty thousand people are without beds and sleep as best they may, CITY DECORATIONS, The streets of the city are beautifully draped with flags and evergreens. THE STORY OF HERMANN. To-day, in the presence of many thousands of Ger- mans, of the Emperor and Princes, will be uncovered or inaugurated, on the summit of the Grotenberg, near ‘Detmold, in the Thuringian Forest, the grand colossal monument erected to the memory of Hermann, or Armin, the Prince of the Cheruskii, who gathered to- gether and united the Germans for the first time in his- | tory, and released his people from the oppressive yoke of Roman despotism. Nineteen hundred years ago it is since Hermann lived and fought; thirty-seven since the first stone was laid of the monument that is inaugurated to-day! We who are celebrating the first anniversary of our national existence can think with pleasure of the grand and characteristic gathering that fe taking place to-day on the highest summit of the Teutoburger Wald to commemorate the deeds of a | hero, who nearly nineteen hundred years ago, a millen- nium and a half before Columbus discovered America, defied the power of Rome, whose legions had conquered ‘the world. What an immense gulf of time we have to | span in order to grasp the life and deeds of the old Ger- man chieftain, whose great deed falls in the ninth year of the life of the Saviour, before He had commenced that mission which finally subdued both Romans and Germans and changed the destinies of mankind, THR DRAMA OF ANNO 9, Some months ago, when in Berlin, I witnessed a rep- resentation, at the Schauspielhaus, of Hermann yon Kieist’s drama of the ‘“Hermannschlacht,” or Her- mann’s defeat of Quintilius Vorus, and thereby gained much clearer idea of the events’ connected with the Iife of the old Cheruskean hero than would bo possible by a mero study of the works of German savans, who have written scores of volumes upon the subject. Peo- ple who have witnessed the great Passion Play at Ober- Ammergau have adinitted that they first gained there a clear idea of the life of Christ, of the peoples and conditions among which he lived, of the oppression of ‘the Jews, which led them to yearn for deliverance, but of so differenta nature from that promised them by Christ, A strange pheuomenon it is that the barbarian Gezmans were filled with the same yearning for release from the Roman yoko as the Jews; stranger that, under Hermann, the Germang were enabled to cast off the yoke, virtually to stop the further progress of the conquerors in.Germany, while the Jews, after vain struggles, finally sunk under the iron rule of the Roman tyranny! The latter's was already an exhausted civilization; the for- mer’s had not yet commenced, Hermann was political savior, like Barbarossa, like Washington, and, like them, he led hie people out of darkness to light, from oppression to freedom. If wo glance at the his- tory of Gormany before and during Hermann’s time we shall beenabled to understand why the thousands of @ermans bave gathered around the colossal structure on the Grotenberg to-day, why it is that the day isa ‘nasional festival in the widest senso of that term. GRRMANY OF THR PRE-OMRISTIAN ERA. lis @ memorable circumstance in the world’s his- tory, as an historian has remarked, that Germany ‘should be the only European land which withstood tho of the stalwart warriors were seen “glaring flercely be- neath the grinning tusks of a boar or the horns of a wild ox,” were well known to the Romans half a cen- tury before Julius Casar first crossed the Rhine, The Cimbri appeared about the year 113 B. C., on the north- eastern frontier of Italy, and attacked the Roman prov- ince of Noricum, and cut the army of Papirius Carbo to pieces, In the year 105 B. ©. they again defeated tho Romans, but were subsequently utterly defeated along with their allies, the Teutonos. Tho Romans ‘| were made aware of the necessity of undertaking the conquest of Germany, the warlike and restless character of whose inhabitants made them dangerous neighbors to the Danube and the Rhine. It was a re- proach to the lords of the world to leave such a hostile people unsubdued. In the year 55 B, C., seventy years after the Romans had first set foot in Gaul, and in the third summer after the defeat of Ariovistus (B. 0. 55) in Gaul, Julius Gwsar stood on the banks of the Rhine at Andernach, a little below where at Coblentz the dark Moselle pours its waters into the Rhine, ‘No Roman,” says an historian, “had yet passed the broad and bless- ing-fruitful river, From its wild yet not solitary shore Cwsar surveyed with an inquiring eye the wooded hills of Germany, conscious, perhaps, that beyond their verge would be found the most formidable antagonists of the Roman people,” JULIUS C&SAR, We shal! not repeat the Roman annals, except so far as they lead upto the subject we are treating, We shall pass over Casar’s campaign in Gaul and come at ‘once to the reason that first of all led him across the Rhine. In the winter of 56 B. C. tho Usipii and the Tenchteri had crossed from Germany into Gaul, aban- doning their pioneer homes and taking possession of settlements formed by the Menapli, Cwsar, know- ing that the Gallic people were disaffected with the Ro- man rulers, and considering Gaul in the light of Roman Property, contemplated this vast accession of new allies (numbering, with their families, 430,000 souls) with suspicion, He reached these two tribes, encamped upon the banks of the Maas, not far from the present city of Lidge, and treacherously slaughtered them; for his atrocities with the Usipii and Tenchteri were de- nounced even in Rome, and Marcus Porcius Cato pro- posed in the Senate that Cwsar should be given upto the barbarians, “in order that the wrath of the aveng- ing gods might be averted from the citwand the Repub- lic.” Though the proposition met with some support, the Senate voted a supplicatio, a thanksgiving of twenty days for the success which had been vouchsafed to Cwsar’s undertakings. CHSAR’S CRUELTIES, Thus the Romans were brought to the banks of the lower Rhine, and Cwsar determined to strike terror into the heart of the Germans themselves, His first efforts were glirected against the Sigambri, who had given refuge to the fleeing Usipti and Tenchterl, He gent a message to them demanding that the Usipian horsemen should be given up. The Sigambri answered :— “The Roman Empire ends with the Rhine, If Cesar considers it unjust that the Germans should pass over into Gaul, why should he desire to exercise authority on the German side of the river? Just at that time the Ubii were in the Roman camp, entreating Cesar to cross the river and assist them against the Suevii, And Cwsar built a bridge over the Rhine, crossod the river and for eighteen days he ravaged the German country with fire and sword, when he was recalled to oppose Pompey. Then came years of peace, until the reign of Angustus, when Germany was invaded by Drusus and Tiberius, In the year 11 B. C., Drusus led an army from Xanthen, along the right bank of the Lippe, penetrated through the neigborhood of modern Soest and Paderborn, as far as the Weser; but was finally compelled to retire to the Lippe by the threaten- ing attitude assumed by the Sigambri, the Chatti and Suevil, He built the castle of Aliso, on the Lippe, and thence walls and forts extending to the strong- hold of Castra Vetera, on the Rhine, ' It is said that im his last campaign, after a succession of victories that placed the greater part of Northern Germany at bis disposal, Drusus was about to cross the Elbe, when a woman of gigantic form suddenly appeared before his troops and addressed him:—‘'Thou insatiable robber! Whither wouldst thou go? Depart’ The end of thy misdeeds and of thy life isat hand.” And Drusus was dismayed at the apparition. He immediately retreated, and within thirty days tell from his horse and died. B. C. 8, his brother Tiberius undertook the command of the Roman army in Germany, TIBRRIUS IN GERMANY. Tiberius made the Germans tremble. He broke the might of ‘the Sigambirii and removed them from the Lippe to the land of the Marsii, bringing the latter to occupy the vacated land. He was followed ina while by Domitius Abenobarbus, grandfather of the Emperor Nero, who in his campaign reached as far as the Elbe. He was succeeded by Marcus Vinitius, who is said to, have carried on bitter warfare against uie Germans, About the year 4, B.C., Tiberius was again sent to Ger- many and commenced a policy by which the Germans were gradually to be Romanized. He sought to win them by negotiations and contracts, Ho thus gained the Ganinefatii in modern Holland, the Chattuarii, liv- ing southwest of the Lippe, and others; and all these furnished anxiliary troops to the Roman commander. Among the Cheruskii who entered the service of Rome were two sons of Legimer, one of the greatest of their chiefs—who were called by the Romans Armi- nius and Flavius, The name of Arminius was undoubt- edly the Romanized name of Hermann—that very Her- mann whose monument is inaugurated to-day. civilization and commerce were being gradually intro- duced; many German youths went to Rome, where they became naturalized; the gold and silver coins of the stranger dazzled the eyes of the barbarian; Rome was gaining over by friendliness far more than she had done | by her campaigns. Sentius Saturninus, who was in Germany with Tiberius, was even more skilful in win- ning the Germans, and when the latter entered upon his campaign against Marbod, who dwelt in modern Bo- hemia and Moravia, the former was left alone, Tiberius came toasuccessful treaty with Marbod, who then accompanied the Romans to aid in subduing the rebel- lions people in Pannonia and Dalmatia. Saturninus? labors were soon at an end, however. The Romans were masters of all the territory lying between the Rhine and the Elbe and the Alps and the Danube, and the Emperor then wished to bring the land into the form of a Roman province. Publius Quintilius Varus was made the Governor, probably about the year 7 A. D. The selection of this man was a very unfortunate one for Rome. He.had been Governor of Judea up to the time of Herod’s death; later, he ruled over Syria, where he had become accustomed to see the slavish sub- mission to the Roman designs, He treated the Ger- mans as he had done the deteriorated peoples of the Orient; he bared tho German back to the Roman rod, and thereby lost a province and caused an empire to mourn, QUINTILIVS VARUB, Varus was born ‘of a noble though not distinguished family, connected by some mysterious relationship with the Cwsars, His life has been the subject of extremes of praise and censure. Virgil and Horace have sung his fame. Patorculus describes him as a man of easy temper and graceful manners—a man of leisure in the camp rather than active in his military duties, When he went to Germany he had long been accustomed to live in Oriental luxury. His enemies said that “he had gone a poor man to the rich and voluptuous Syria; he had returned rich and left the rich Syria poor.” But this was an ordinary occurrénce among the Romans, Cwsar had sought the proconsulship of Spain and “Gaul as a means of delivering himself from pecuniary embarrassments, Varus was, nevertheless, highly accomplished. He lived in the most refined literary society of the day, was a talker rather than adoer, believed in everything Roman and had a profound contempt for everything barbarian. He could not distinguish between the effeminate Syrians and the rough and hardy Germans; he looked with pity upon the Intter’s customs, prejudices and religion, and imagined that he could deal with them according to his wishes, Varus brought into Germany a host of off- cial persons—lawyers, advocates, lictors and other ministers of the law, and all the paraphernalia of a set- tled government—all being done with the concurrence of Augustus, Arrived in Germany, he stationed two of the five legions which Saturninus had left be- hind him as reserve upon the Rhino, and with his band of civilians, three legions of the most experienced warriors of the Roman army, six cohorts, three bands of cavalry and a host of allied troops from the Gallic provinces, in all 50,000 men, he, vanced from the Rhine, along the course of tho, a the heart of Germany. The object of this fon seems to have been not merely to impose upon the people, but arins of the Romans--that the Rhine ehould be destined to form a permanent settlement and consolidate Roman to restrain the power which the ocean itself had not power and establish Roman law and customs through- bounded, The figures of tho Sercxan barbarians, clad out the country, Varus bent his steps toward Aliso, im the sking of wild beasts, wearing a hood formed of | intending to fix his headquarters there orto form a {he fur of tho animal's hewd,.owt of whieh Hh Rive oven L.mow camp nearer 9 bho Worse, where he might hold Roman | court and establish tribunals, jurisdictions and public offices, For three years Aligo was transformed into a Vast Jaw court, . VARUS AND THE CHRRUSKIL ‘The Cheruskii were the first objects of Varus’ atten- tion. The Sigambri were completely broken down; the Chatti were approaching a similar condition; the Bructeri lay too far to the north, but the Cheruskii were directly in the face of the Roman settlement, Their country ex- tended from the left bank of the Weser to the vicinity of the Elbe, northward bounded by the junction of the ‘Aller and the Weser, southward by the Hara (then called the Forest of Bacenis), eastward touching the Trophwum Drusi and the settlements of the hambards on the Elbe, while on the west it. extended over the Weser to the boundaries of the Teutoberger Wald. This forest separated them from the Marsi, a people in- habiting tho district north of the Lippe, extending from the Teutoberger Wald to the Rhine. The Cheruskil had apparently already entered into friendly relations with the Romans, They considered themselves more as allies than as subjects; but Rome demanded that they should be brought more thoroughly under the yoke of Roman government and law, Varus was blind and precipitate, With a haughty contempt for German habits and customs, he erected his tribunal in the camp, sat like the preetor in the Roman foram to decide QUARRELS BETWEEN ROMANS AND BAR! and carried his sentences into execution with great cruelty, Ho substituted direct and weighty taxation for the moderate tribute with which allies were accustomed to acknowledge Roman superiority, and established a fiscal board to assess and a military police to levy it. ‘The great principle of German law had been compensa tion; that of the Roman law was punishment, Varus commanded the disputes between Romans and barba- rians to be brought before Roman tribunals, argued in the Latin tanguage by professional lawyers, and the sen- tences were unintelligible to German minds, The backs upon by the Germans as their natural guardian and pro- tector, Many a blue eye, says an Englishman, was turned to him for consolation or redress amid the op- pressions and yexations of the Roman government. He could not witness without sorrow the abuses under which his peoplo lived; he respected the warlike achievements of the Romans, but chafed under the deg- radation to which he and his people were subjected. Gradually an idea grew up within his soul that he would unite his oppressed people, He first soundeda few, who came into his views, and then a greater number, Ho spoke to Segestes, who traitorously revealed the matter to Varus, The latter, however, treated the information with contempt, At last the opportunity came. The Ansibarrie, a people who dwelt on the right bank of the Ems, in the country between that river and the Weser, from Minden to Bremen, ventured to take arms against the Roman government, It {s thought that Armin himself may have instigated this move- ment. Intelligence of the rebellion was brought to Varus in the first week of September, A.D. 9, and he gave !mmediato orders for the break- Ing up of the camp, determining to snppress the re- volt in its Infancy, The German princes were invited for the last time to his table to enjoy the LUXURY OF A ROMAN COINA, - They appearcd—Armin, Segimar and Segestes, The latter again urged upon Varus the danger by which ho was surrounded. He even implored the Roman general to arrest him, Hermann and the other chiefs present on tho spot, as the only means of averting th tm- pending catastrophe, Varus was incredulous, made light of tho accusations of Segestes, and next morning com- menced his march, expecting the Germans to follow with thelr auxiliaries, He apparently felt no distrust in the Germans, but procceded with an affected negli- gence, displaying an ostentatious security, as if his route lay through a friendly country, -It was avast army. The legions were scattered, in the midst of PE SES RNA OUI BOS ERAN aN ‘ THE HERMANN MONUMENT. of the German freedmen bled under the lictor’s rod, the heads of Germans fell under Roman axes. The people suffered and murmured, but looked around in vain for deliverance, Their natural chiefs, the Adel- ings, were in the camp of'Varus, absorbed in the round of Roman enjoyments, The youth were fighting under the stranger’s banner, but there were multitudes of Wehrmen, the strength of the German tribes, who were dissatisfied and ready to strike when the hour should approach. The land of the Cheruskans, within the bor- ders of which Varus had established his camp, was divided ito @ number of independent gaus, each of which was under tho government of a first, elected by Wehrmen out of a certain Adel- ing family, and which wero united, when necessity demanded, under the temporary rule of a single leader, Segestes, Ingniomar and Segimar were princes who lived in unbroken friend- ship with the Romans until the time of the conspiracy against Varus, Segestes’ son, Sigimund, had been placed by the Roman authorities tn the dignity of the priest- hood in Ara Ubiorum., Besides this son Segestes had a daughter, Thusnelda, who was destined to exercise a wonderful influence over the fortunes of the Cheruskas and to become a heroine in German tradition, Segimar was the father of Arminius, HERMANN THR CUERUSKAN, We now come to tho life of Armin, and the great deed which the Germans are to-day celebrating. Pater- cuius describes this hero’s manly beauty, his strength and skill in arms, his genius and quickness of intellect beyond barbarian wont From early youth he had lived in the Roman camps, and acquired their art and discipline; he had attended Tiberius in his campaigns, had been created a Roman citizen and honored with the insignia and privileges of a Roman knight, Scarcely twenty-four years of ago, he had commanded in tho camp of Varus a body of auxiliary Choruskan troops; he enjoyed the confidence of Varus and the bho Bomans, bus wad at the same time looked train of wagons, baggage and tradespeople, women and children, The Germans followed behind, while the signal of revolt was carried from valley to valley, and crowds of warriors hastened from the surrounding country to take part in the day of deliverance. The Cheruskii, the Chatti, the Marsi, the Bructeri and the Sigambri all gathered together at the call of Armin. The flame of insurrection burst forth, Wherever throughout North- ern Germany Roman soldiers were found within the walls of their fortresses they wero set upon and slain. German chiefs who at first had been lukewarm in their support were forced into the rising by the irresistible pressure ot the people, Even Segestes himself was car- ried away by the torrent, and Sigimund, his son, fled from his temple at Bonn to join the ranks of his coun- trymen. From the Elbe to the Rhine the Germans had risen a8 one man, while Varus and his Romans were proceeding slowly down the banks of the Weser, totally unconscious of the approaching danger, Even tho slight disputes and collisions which congtantly took place between Germans and Roman soldiers in the rear were treated by Varus as ordinary camp squabbles, He even forbade his followers to draw swords upon the barbarians and punished some who disobeyed his orders by defending themselves, Varus and his host had now reached the pathless forest of Thuringia, in the narrow defiles of which he found destraction and death, In his front the road through the forest was blocked up with trunks of trees felled for the purpose; the Ger- mans behind crowded upon the camp followers who loitered after the army, and drove them in among the troops, Varus no longer mistook his situation, The narrow valleys compelled him to break up the regular order of march; legions and followers marched in dis- orderly confusion. It is supposed that thelr line ex- tended over at least eight miles, Varus, who was gen- erally at about the centro of his army, could scarcely ascertain what was going on before and behind him, Nature herself took THR PART OF THR GERMARA 3 Storms of rain poured down upon the anprotected Ro- mans, drenching them to the skin; the winds howled in the branches above them, the black clouds were driven across the heavens like wild, ghostly riders. “Prodigies displayed themselves in the heavens and on the earth,” as a historian remarks, ‘“Moteors m the sky, columns of hazy and moving light; spears of firo darted and gleamed in the northern heavens, and things and animals moved against the wont and use of nature, and wild cries resounded through the woods.” The Germans appeared upon the flanks of the Romans, terrible to behold, clad in the horned skins of the wild ox and the Loar. In the midst of the terror and distress of the Romans, which were augmented by the cold and rain, and want of food and rest, the attacks of the Germans were incessant; the Romans fell in great numbers and the multitudes were pressed in among the wagons, The Roman soldiers, accustomed to fight in close ranks in the open field, be- came wearied in these attacks, their art being of little avail Only with the greatest exertions were the Romans enabled to reach an eminence, surrounded by 4 wood, where a halt was made, The wagons weres| formed into a burg and the baggage destroyed. ‘THE VALLEY OF DEATH. Varus then gave up all {dea of attempting to chastise the insurgents of the north; his grand consideration was to reach Aliso and the high road to the Rhine. It was impossible for him to return by the road he had come, and he determined to take, though through doubtful and unknown roads, tho ehortest way to Aliso, The morning broke. For a while the march lay through the open country, where they were en- abled to maintain their ranks and defend themselves against the German attacks, But soon again they be- came entangled in a valley in the forest, from which there was no outlet, They suffered much from weari- ness while traversing the long, boggy valley up towards the ridge of the forest, while missiles, stones, arrows and lances were plied incessantly from above and around, The rain fell in torrents and the clay soil clung to their feet like lead and caused the soldiers to become weary and dispirited. The Germans attacked them all day long, slaying thousands. When night came the Romans were so exhausted that they were barely able to make their customary intrench- ments, They sat, hungry, wet, weary, sullen, in mo- mentary expectation of an assault, But Armin suffered the night to pass quietly. He wished to see Varus entangle himself more deeply in the mountain fast- nesses, while his own forces would be increasing hour by hour, Ho saw the Recken, with their followers, pour down the forest pathways to participate in the work of freedom. Conscious that the decisive day was at hand, Armin spent the night with his brother chiefs in weleoming the new comers and refreshing and strengthening his people with words and food, and communicating his plans for’ the morrow, The Romans shivered with cold and hunger, while the Cheruskii and allies, careless of shelter, passed the night in festivity, They ealled to each other’s minds the recollections of their ancient freedom and the deeds of former days They sung songs of their heroes and praise and THANKSGIVING TO ODIN AND THOR, and heard in the howling winds only the voice of the Valkyrii, who should take them on the morrow, if they fell, to the bright homes of the warrior Germans in the thousand towered Walhalla, ‘The third day opened ominously over the Teutoberger Wald. The rain still fell in torrents; the tempest raged so violently that the ‘heavy armed Romans could not advance, and moved with difficulty on the marshy and slippery ground. Their bows had become useless from the wet; their shields and spears no longer glittered in military pride. But the Germans, who wero accustomed to the climate, felt little of the inclem- ency of tho weather. Their bows were carefully preserved from the rain under the protecting skins, and they believed that Odin himself wag aiding them with the storm. Varus saw that further progress was Impossible. On every height he saw tho huge forms of Germans, watching their victims and impatient for the slaughter, At last Armin gave the signal for assault, he himself leading the chargo and inspiring his followers by word and example, From all sides they pressed upon their ene- mies, who at length roused themselves and fought with the desperation of men who knew there was no mean between victory and destruction, The sound of trumpets, the clang of weapons, the cries of wounded mon, the terrible way song of the Germans, their shouts of victory, were mingled and confounded with the howlings of the blast | Weakened by former losses, exhausted by want of food aid the violence of the storm, wearied by straggling through the marshy soil the valor of the Romans was hopeless. Their numbers diminished every moment, and wherever they gained a temporary advantage Ar- min poured fresh forces in upon them. Varus, himself wounded, saw the certain destruction of his entire army, and, oppressed by pain and shame, dreading cap- tivity, and, still more, the account he must give to Rome, he PLUNGED UPON HIS SWORD, and ended his life as his father had done at Philippi, and probably his grandfather at Pharsalia Many off- cers followed his exampie. With the death of Varus there was an end of order. Eggius, one of the camp prefects, broke the eagle from its standard and sought a nobler death at the hands of the enemy. Cego- nius, another camp prefect, proposed that they should Jay down their arma, Vala Numonius endeavored with the horse to cut his way through the Germans, boping to reach the Rhine, But nearly all perished. The re- venge of the Germans was terrible. The surviving Romans crowded together without order, without com- manders, eagles or standard bearers; they ceased from the useless combat and fell victims to the Germans, who massacred them for sacrifice to their gods. Ouly a small number escaped by accident while the Germans were plundering the baggage, Favored by the darkness of the night thoy succeeded in reaching tho Rhine. Tacitus refers to the survivors from the massacre as “those who escaped the slaughter and the slavery,” and we have the authority of Seneca that many Romans of Senatorial dignity were reduced by the overthrow of Varus to pass the remainder of their lives in eaptivity. There were some who only returned to their homes after forty-two years’ German servitude, The head of Varus, cut from his half burned body, was sent by Hermann to Marbod, to remind him of the German vic- tory and his own disgrace, HERMAND’S VICTORY was full and complete, After he had addressed the Nehrmen who gathered round him on the field of battle he was raised on their shields and borne in triumph around the camp, ‘“Arnith was borne by the Recken through the innumerable multitades, The old blessed him, mothers pointed him out as the hero who had saved them from Roman servitude; the voice of war- riors, wives and maidens raised the song of thanksgiv- ing and the Teutoberger Wald echoed with sounds which had never before, or have sinco, disturbed its loneliness.” In Rome, however, the news of Varus’ de- feat caused the greatest consternation, Permit mo here to quote a passage from an English historian of Hermann (Smith, Arminits), whose narrative we shail mainly follow in our story of Hermann, “There was joy in Rome when Germanicus, In Sep- tembor, A. D, 9, brought the news of the termination of the Dalmatian war, Music sounded in‘ the streets, temples and houses were bedecked with flowers, and in- numerable crowds thronged the Forum, the bridges, the public places, or streamed along the Via Sacra to tho Capitoline or Palatian Hills, thanking the gods and con- gratulating each other, * * * Five days bad Ger- manicus been in the city in the midst of a continual round of festival, when, toward the evening of the fifth day, the festivities suddenly ceased and the palaces grow still, men knew not wherefore, Crowds still per- ambulated the streets, but the music by degrees be- came silent, and a general air of anxi- ety, of which the cause was unknown, spread over the mighty city. At length the terrible truth was divulged. The Roman army in the heart of Germany was not merely defeated, but annihilated, * * * In the Eternal City the overthrow excited a universal horror, and was the occasion of an almost general mourning. To Augustus himself it was a blow from which, perhaps, he never thoroughly re covered. ‘When intelligence of the death of Varus and the destruction of the Roman army was first brought to him he broke out into extravagant and unbounded lamentation; for many months he suffered his beard and hair to grow neglected, and during the short remainder of his life observed the anniversary of the slaughter as a day of mourning and ill-omen. It was a pitiful sight to see the master of the world, old and feeble, wandering throngh the proud aparunenis of the palatial house, sometimes dashing his gray head against the door, sometimes murmuring, wit @ querulous voice, “Varus! Varus! GIVE ME BACK MY LEGIONS.” After the defeat of Varus Hermann directed his efforts to the extirpation of all evidences of Romap domination from the German soil. One after another the Roman camps and strongholds fell, But in Rome, af ter the first panic had subsided, another army was raised and placed under the command of Tiberius, the Rm- peror’s stepson, and sent to operate against the Ger- mans. Under him was built that long Une of fortificar tions which is generally known in Germany asthe Pfabigraben or Roman Wall, extending from the Rhine to the Danube, traces of which are seen in Germany to this day, an undertaking which prevented the Germans from approaching the Rhine and left the Romans se- cure in their settlements. After a few years’ sojourn im Germany Tiberius returned to Rome in order to cele brate his Pannonian triumph. ARMIN AND THUSNELDA. We have now come to an eventfal pertod in Armin’s life, Quarrels broke out among the tribes, and the union made by the Cheruskii was breaking. We come to the narrative of Armin and Thusnelda, the daughter of Segestes, They had been friends from childhood, and their childish friendship ripened into a passions which was the blessing and misfortune of their lives ‘They seemed destined for each other, aud their uniog might have been a happy om had not Thusnelda’s father been seized with jealousy at Armin’s great ase cendancy In the nation He refused to aliow Thusneldg to be married to the young Hermann, No course then remained open to tho lovers but separation or flight, and Thusnelda was prevailed upon to leave her father’s, hut and cross the Weser with her hero, It was a great blow to Segestes, who, knowing the high importance attached by all the Germans tothe customs of marriage, to purchase and gift, felt that a great disgrace had fallen upon himself and hia whole family, The lowest warrior would have thought himself dishonored had not the nuptials of his daughtes been accompanied with the accustomed festivities and solemnities, and Segestes must have felt acutely the dise grace of his daughter's fight with Hermann, against whom he vowed eternal vengeance, and this feeling oa wrath Jed him finally into the arms of Rome. TIBERIUS IN GERMANY. Again we have to do with the Romans, Tiberius, be- fore quitting Germany, had committed the command os the Rhenish provinces into the hand of his nephew, Ger- manicus, In the Cheruskan camp two parties had arisen—the one supporting Hermann, the other Segestes.. While Germanicus was in the country of the Chattl, whom he bad almost destroyed, he received an embassy from Segestes imploring aid against Hermann, who waa then beleaguering his stronghold. For, during the elvil conflicts, Segestes had found an opportunity of surpris- ing Armin and Thusnelda, whom he kept prisoners ix his burg. Armin found means to escape, and he waa endeavoring, with bis supporters, to release Thusnelda. when Germanicus arrived upon the ground. Armin wad compelled to retire; Segestes was delivered from his be~ leaguerment, and with him were found Thusnelda, besidea: many Roman standards anda large amount of Roman plunder, lost tn the Varian catastrophe Poor Thus- nelda! We have a picture of her by Tacitus:—“Tally pale, graceful, her golden hair flowing behind, according, to the German fashion, she stood before Casar im calm and collected silence. Her blue eyes were tearless, No. sigh, no murmur escaped her lips; for notwithstanding the misfortune which had befallen her exceeded the bounds of human endurance, she never forgot that she was Armin’s wife, and strove to bear herself with tha spirit of her husband, Not even the thought which, seems to have oppressed her most, that her child would, be born in Roman servitude, could extort a single lam-, entation, a single tear.” Thusnelda, Segestes and the rest were taken to Xanthen, where they re-» mained two years, until they were taken to Rome to, grace the triumph of Germanicus. THE CONFLICT RENEWED, Armin, driven to desperation by the calamity that had overtaken his wife, went from gan to gan, and called upon his countrymen to help him avenge and redress his and their wrongs. The Cherusgii and the whole of the rieighboring peoples took up arms. Her-» mann determined to march to the Rhine and attempt; the deliverance of Thusnelda, Germanicus, fearing the: war, determined to take a bold step and go on the offen-; sive himself, The campaign, however, proved almost: as fatal to him as to Varus. After descending the Ems, ; which he had entered from the ocean, as far as Lipper, he reached the neighbrhood of the Toutoberger Forest. Seized with an irresistible desire to visit the Varian bat- Ue field and to pay the last honors to his anfortunate. countrymen who had there fallen, be fell into a Cheruskan ambuscade, and only saved bis army by the most desperate efforts, and retreated to the Rhine after many conflicts with the Germans For a while we hear no more of German invasions, no more of Thusnelda, although it is presumed that some of the Cheruskan princes submitted to friendly relations with the Romans, But Germanicus was PREPARING FOR A XBW CAMPAIGN, He again determined to invade German territory, for which purpose he built a flect of a thousand ships on the Batavian Isle. Legions and allies were taken on board, and the armament proceeded through the Canal of Drusus on its way to the Zuyder Zee down the Yssel, reaching the mouth of the Ems, where Germanicus landed his troops at Amisia, a fort on the left bank of the river. From the Ems Germanicus took his way to ‘the Weser, where he built an encampment. While so doing Armin gathered all his followers and the German tribes, pre- pared to oppose the invasion. Two battles were there fought, and, though the Germans were apparently worsted each time, the Romans themselves must have suffered severely, for they were compelled to retire to their ships. Germanicus reached the Rhine, after hav- ing encountered a severe storm, with the loss of the greater part of his fleet and his forces. Then Tiberius commanded him to return to Rome, “There had been enough of victories and conquests,” he said, “and the Germans might now be safely left to their own feuds, which in the end would destroy them more effectually than Roman swords.’ And says a historian, "Thus did the Romans abandon those brilliant conquests, which brought them little advantage beyond that of escaping with a whole skin frag the German terri- tory.” GERMANICUS LEFT GERMANY on the 29th of May, A. D. 17, to celebrate “his triumph over the Cheruskans, the Chatti, the Marsi, the Andro-. vari, the Bructeri, the Chanci and the other nations in-- habiting Germany as far as the Elbe.” In the triumphal chariot sat Germanicus, with his five children; before him were borne the spoils of the war—the Roman’ standards, representations of German rivers and moun- tains and battles which had been won; then came the flute players, the white bulls, with gilded horns, destined for the sacrifice, and followed by the Camilli, bearing the paterm and holy instruments and vessels; then came a long line of barbarian captives—men, women, and children. Theuderic, Prince of the Sigambri; Sigi- mund, the son of Segestes, and Thusnelda, the wife of Armin, leading by the band the little Sigwart, only three years of age, whom she had borne in prison. Sigwart was the name Thus-. nelda gave her son, but the Romans changed it to ‘Thamelicus, and they devoted him to the life of a gladia- tor. This memorable scene of Roman triumph and Ger- man humiliation is, as is well known, the subject ot Piloty’s celebrated picture of the * TRIUMPH OF GRRMANICUS, ' which excited so much attention in the Vienna Exhibi- tion. Piloty’s painting is of great power. His picture , of Thusnelda is very touching. She seems to dare the — frowning Emperor, who looks gloomily down from his _ throne upon the triumph of his hated rival She looks with disdain upon her husband's brother, Flavius, who — stands among the courtiers of the Cwsar, an insolent yet trembling slave of bis master, She sees her own father, Segestes, who was spared the humiliation of walking in the procession, but as a friend of Resne had been allowed a place on the balcony to look down upon tho degradation of his children, Her son walks beside her, holding her hand, He is a pretty, golden-haired, blue-eyed Teuton, with rosy cheeks, and looks with in- nocent wonder and childish astonishment at the scene of imperial pomp, The poor barbariaas who follow her, loaded with chaing, are destined as victims to Jupiter Capitolinus. Thusnelda was afterward taken, with hes child, to Ravenna, and there sho is lost to us forever, Perhaps she died broken-hearted, THUSNELDA isa woman of noble charact@r and famed in German legend and poetry. There is in the Doggua de Lanzi, at Florence, a statuo of surpassing beauty, which ip thought by many critics to represent this remarkable woman. It is popularly called the Dea del Silenzio, bat the fashion and material of tho clothing accord exactly, CONTINUED ON TENTH Ras