The New York Herald Newspaper, February 26, 1875, Page 5

ECC POCO GEOGRAPHICAL. Address of Judge Daly on the Geographical Work of 1874, ———— ‘PHYSICAL PHENOMENA OF THE YEAR. Wr, Hayes on the Projected Expedition to the North Pole, Notwithstanding the inclemency of the weather Dest evening, a large and intelligent audience @uathered tn the tecture room of tne Geographical ociety to tisten to the annual address of the | In point of new | (President, Cnief Justice Daly. wand valuable iujormation tt was jar superior feo any heretofore deiiverea beiore the suciety. Jn connection with his descripuon of the explora- %ions in the Arctic regions, stereopticon views ‘Were introduced of photographs taken by tue Austrian expedition ana 0; secitons of the map ‘of the Arctic circle, published in the HERALD yes- ®erday morning, which tne Judge pronounced ex” weilent. At eight o’clock ‘he meeting was called ‘so order by Colonel F, A, Conklin, and the usual Foutine business of the suciety Was quickly trans- ‘acted. CHIEF JUSTICE DALY'S ADDRESS, dJaitge Di then proceeded to the delivery of the aunual address, his subject being “The Geo- @rapRica: Work of the Worliin 1874." Commenc- ang by reference to the physical phenomena of the year, he said:— The phrsical occurrences or phenomena of tne Past year have been atmospheric disturbances, such as typhoons, cycioues ao hurricupes, un- €\ampled jor many years 1 Luerr violence and de- Btructive eflects. Great ratnfalis in certain parts ©) the earth, followed by enormous and dumaging Moods, The faiiing in certain localities of unpre. ‘ceventea masses of snow. Extreme cold durmg ‘the past and present winter and earthquake ‘and voicanic disturbances consideravly dis- Urinuted, but with one exception, not a8 Vivient to their choracter, nor us injurious in tier eects, a8 the like phevomena in tre past Mew years. Of those | may mention the grease {pucdn which on the migit und morn ng of tue 22a ‘Bud 28d 0: September last, swepr over Hong Kong, fuvolvins she loss of more than 8,000 lives and ave destruction 0 a vast amouut of property. The cyctune lu November whieh passed over this wountry from the Gull states fo tne lakes and @long the Atianwic coust trem Virginia to Nova Scotia, destro,ing huli of the town of Tuscumbia Bo Alabama, The storms along ine New Epyiand coast In May; the 8/01 Ns, Lornadoes and extraur- ibary rala-Jalls throughout (he Soutbera aud Mid- wile States im June apd July, atteuded by the great fvous at Pitisburg and Alleshany City, by ich 200 lives were lost, ana by the torna- jves which destroyed the town of Tampico, in Jianols, and produced the loss o! Iie and property gi tue valley of tue Juniata, The hurricane tm jamaica. The disastrous siorm on the coast ot ova Scotia anu the terri gaies on tue coast of Gieat Britam and scvtand, Tue damage done by {whe rise of toe Ihames lu March aud the destrac- pow Ol plantations in Avril vy the rise and over- jow ol the Mississippi, Destructive flvods in udi@ in August, and in the same mouth the great jood at Lerida, 1b Spain, which swept away 200 woltations. The linmense snowlall in Persia, fm hich extended over the whoie country, accom- {panied vy a winter Oo! exiraordimury severity, @ucceeded by a spring aud summer wien ‘the Yraiuiall reached tue unparalieied height ‘ol teeive incies, the heigut belore eldom exceeding two inches, which was followed yy the vverfuw Oo! the Tigris and the great food in Bagdad, in which many persos were drowned, nd vy t.e Moods wuat destroyed one-third of niraZ and ipju:ed other towns. The great Bev rity of the winter of 1874 and 1875 in tue ‘whole of Northern Asia; the falling of great Miasses of snow during the present winter in tne ps, the Pyrenees and im Spain; the unusual umber of icebergs Seen im tie Atlaptic; the hall Btorm in Southern France, extenaing over 200 Quiles, Wib a Lreacth of two miles, which was o great sever:ty und caused much injury, the ASLOMES DEIN as Dif AS MaArdles; a slignt erup- Mion of mount tua, a continuation of the eruption wi Menna Louin Huwan; the destruction by an @artoquaxe 01 Autigua 4nd some smailer towns ju Guatemala, avd Sbecks Or disturbavces irom arthquake in Ver@ Cruz, St. ‘ihomas, Houador, vrto Rico, Mexico. Utah, North carolina, Scot- jana, Inspruck in SWitzeriand, smyrna, Coustunti- Dopole aud veyion. Aliugion tuen wi8 made to the observations fMpon tue transit of Venus, which show tuat tne idistance ‘rom the earth to the sun 18 less tuan fheretoiure computed, and 18 now placed at $92,000,000 of miles; to the discoveries made con- crning the seu and the oceay currents, and to Be Various tueories Oi scientific mea concerning vem. ‘The Challenger, of whose scienufic voyage of exploration arouud the world | iave previously iven an account, has been, during tue early part ithe year, in the Antarcnc Circle, which se jerossed last February, wud aiter visiting and ex- amiuing many islands she hus, during the restaue wi tue year, veeu expioring in the Hastern seas ind the Malay ArcDipelago WIth moss salisiactory esults. Of tne GEOGRAPHICAL WORK IN THE UNITED STATES, {She Mos important, the coast survey, bas been ontinued, The Switnsonian lnstituce bas duriag he last, aS In every year, prosecuied those in- iquiries that are so Valuable, and buve given it as nauional stitution its Ligh cliaracter, and the lyarographic Oitice, together with its otner gen- ai Work, has continued the publications for tne reservation ani diffusion of knowledge respect- bos tue Ocean abd 118 Davization Walch are so reditaole to our governwent, Tne javors of the Eauineer corps during the ast year fill two bulky volumes, Comprining tae eport of its distinguished chief General A. A. umphreys. The geographical work embraces ‘tne Improvement of haroors and rivers, tne Burvey vl transportation routes to the sea board, iene survey Of the mouths of the Mussissippt Miver witn a view of obtaluing a sulicient depth wot water Jor the construction of a ship canal ‘rom the river to the Guli of Mexico, or deepen- oy its natural outiets to the Guil, the present outlets being wholiy insuMcienc to meet the fwunts of the increasing commerce of the vest. Examinations jor @ permanent plan for the reclumauon of tae alluvial oi the Mississippi River now subject to Anundation: the continuation of the survey of the Mortnern and northwestern lakes; surveys ior @uilitary maps; surveys ior tue irrigation of some wo! tue great valleys in Caltiornta ; geological recon- Moissauce in parts of Western Nevada and adjacent Caluornia, and gevgrapnical explorations in the reat West by the various ex),eultions uuder jeutenaut G. M. Wheever, Major J. W. Barlow, ptain W. A. Jones, Lieutenant &. H. Ruffner an @Maptain W. Ludiow. ‘These were noticed im aetall wand the results portrayed. The Unsired States ological and geographical survey of the Territor- fe under Professor F. I. Hayden, aud the various iscoveries made indicating that much of what is mow little better tuan @ desert waste Was formerly ‘she nome of an agricultural people, acquainted rwith many of the arts «{ peace, were eloquently gud grapnically described. peaking of the ARCTIG EXPLORATIONS. events of the year has heen there- oMcers and crew of tue Tegetbor of e Austrian expedition, and the important dis- woveries made by them. This expedition, in the yaiMcuities it encountered, tie perseverance dis- layed, the discipline maintained, and the success ebieved, 18 abOUL a8 Deroic as anything that has curred in the wistory of arctic exploration. ‘neir furthest northero journey was on the l2tu jof jast April, when they foliowed the coast to $1 jeg. 67 min. north latitude, and over @ sea gomparatively iree from ice. They saw land tn ‘the distance, Which seemed to stretch beyond the fata parallel of north latitude; which The arctic of tl , the farthest known upon the glove, they ost appropriately ter Petermann, the ais finguished and indefatig: On the 20th of May they pad to abandon the v wel, leaving 1n her ther journals, and with sleages gud boats they undertook the return jouruey, ‘which jasted over three montns, the trials and Rardsuips of which were exceedingly great; until at last, in the mouth of the Puhova river, they fell Mn, on the 24th of August last, witn a Russian conveyed to Varsoe @chooner, by which they wei fn Norway. It is impossibie to speak in terms too laudatory of the discipline, the higa purpose, vue calm cour- e and unyielding perseverance that distin- guished this expedition on the part of both om- ers and men. Not a single instance of insubor- divation occurred, and tne intelligence, patience and onity of action that were displayed contrasts gtrougly with the vaciliation, petty squaboles and fneffective discipline on board the Polaris in our own expedition. ABCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES, Judge Daly reterred to the dispute nw going on basin | Or taste tneir food they would smell it, and ifthe Smelidid not suit them, Would throw it away. Ol Paestine, he said Liewenant Conder, RE. bae made important discoverics oj} ruins in the Hilconutry of Judah, wwich he thinks :e can identiy with ome Of the» lost biblical cities, He has fund boundary siones, Which may prove to be the ancient Levitica: landmarks, Mr. Henry Pandsey, has also made recent discoveries upon jount whe Zion. bieatenant Conder saya that the of Palestine will be surveyed within iour that 306 square miles ure now added to the map, pected to Le accomplishes, AFRICA, Lieutenont Cameron, tne commander of the Livingstone Relie! expedition, alter fuifiiliag the las’ duties of that trust by transporiing the remat.s of Dr, Livingstone to the coast und secur- dog tue dir.es and effecis oO: the great explorer, to the following up of Living: Blove’* explorations aod bes made a most tin ortalt geverapal discovery, smieb fixes the jarthest source of the Nile witain Known imits, and wich tiere is every reason to think will con- nect the network of lares und rivers o- the warer | system taat Livingstone was investigating with the great rivers that flow to the western coast of Arica aod provably with tie Cougo. We have received ‘rom Culonel Vv, 0. Long, chiet ' of General Gordon's stall, 4 mI0st Interesting ac- | © unto: hig expiorauon of the Victoria Nyanga and Oi the river louad by Speke, whicn connects ! that lake with Lake Mwatanu Nzige, discovered by | Baker and cailea by him tue Aivert Nyanza. He expiorea the river in a boat trom Urondoy: where Speke le'tit, and as be proceeded nor ward entered a large twenty-five miles wide, where he was beset vy storms, and aiter two days iound mis way again tuto the river, and iollowed it 1ar enough to very that it 18 Mwutan Nzige.. He tuougit ihis lake or Dasin was Do: merely a reservoir v: tne Victoria Nyanza, but Was supplied by & great Watershed southward of It, it may possiviy prove which is placed upon the maps upon ia. tive inormation, colonel! Long 18 suid [to be the ars: white man Woo has been upon toe Vietoria Nvanza. It appeares to him to be trom twelve to fliteeu Miles across, but he Bays It may be doube that breadth. He louud it to be irom twenty Ove tu thiity feet in depth. Dr. Nacntie gi, to wiose journey to Bornou I nave pre- viously reerred, bag returned a'ter an explora. tion of five years, which nas embraced tne country east of the Caravan route irom Murzuk ‘Tsac, Bornou and iten Wadal, Darfour and Koor- dofan, the region lying between Bornou and "He Nie tn upper Egypt. ‘the eapiorations along the westeru coast Of Africa have been unusually active. The Marquis ue Compeigue and MN. Marche fave reiurued from their exploration of the river Ogowe, in wes! equatorial alrica, waich Was not jully accompitshed, as ‘hey were co. eiled by War And the receding waters to return; but mach was learued respec ing ihe river and the region Which it dratus. Dr. Gussiedt made wa journey up tue Quilla River and found a country reminding. nm of Switzerland. Hie = returnea to. join expedit.on which 18 to cros# the Equator ana penetrate easierly to Monvutia, tue country ex- plored by Dr. schweinturth, tbe Abbe Bueche hag made a journey tarough part of Danomey, and coliecied & mass Of information respecting It, Which he Las laid before the «rencn Geograpuical beciety. Lieutenant Gandy, the commander of the West coust expedition lor the relelo Dr. Living stone, Das re.urned and laid deiore the Koyal Geog.a; Bical pocescy an imteresiing account cf the region he traversed. He 10und the nations Civilized, but invclent; that roads were being Made to iutercept the transit of siaves to the coast, and that attention was being given to ‘he cuitivation of the india rabver tree, o1 the value ofwhich the natives were previvusly ignorant. termbie epidemic—tne smalipox—was decimating Uongo a8 Le assed through tt, aud he describes the Congo as one of the grandest rivers in the worid, aud as navig..ble for 110 miles from its mouth, On the east coast wr, Stanley ws Organized an expedition from Zanzibar, which is to be prosecuted at the joint expense of the NEw Yore Hexavp and the London 7eleyraph, jor the porsoke oi exploring the region last visited by r. Livingstoue; and M. de Brazza is to explore in the same direction, the expense of which is to be borne by the French Marine and tue Geo- graphical Society of Paris. Alter reference to the explorations maie in Formosa and New Guinea, the lecturer, in speak- ing of Australasia, said:— Colonel P, F, Warburton has made a remarkable journey across Austraila Irom Adclaide to tne west coast, wich was acaoleved under tne most cx- traordinury diMlcuities. Aiter the first 200 miles, the® whole region traversed was @ ureary aud scarcely Labitabie Waste, the country with out lew exceplionavie places, consisting 01 ridges of sand with intervening flats, wiica ars without water and uuiuhabitane, The natives fvund are the lowest ty tie scale of humanity, They had no nuts nor place of sheiter, except tue shady sive ola bush, As to ciotmng, the men put u bone of ihe Wullabee, a smu auimal thar itves without water, througa their Noses, and are tien, he says, iD lull Gress; und a8 respects the dress of the woman, he adds, there is nocning to say. The native avoided the expiorers aud were difficult tu tia Ab attempt was wacie to catcl aud keep one with- out water, that he mignt thereby be compelled to point oul where waier was .o be fouud. They snc- ceeded in catcilog a girl, aud to secure her, tied her fast to a tree, but she gnawed through the rope aud escaped, running on tiptoe to prevent the explorers from di-covering her tratl. In concivding bis leccure Judge Daly said—Atter this review ol the geographical work of the world in a single year 1 may, in conciusiou, remark Gut, although geographical inquiry began with toe dawn Of c.vilizatl on, its progress has been neces- sarily slow, for, althougu much is known, much yet rema.ns to be knowa, @ fact 1iom which @ con- ception may ve formed Of the vastness of the in- guiry, O the ubstacles which obstract it aud of the infinite details it invoives. Ine Creator who has placed us upon tiis panet Leas endowed us With te jaculiies by whic). we can learn ever. thing respecting it, and the lesson taught by the past 18 that, as koowiedge has increused, Man- Kind bas advanced in tue scale of being. ihe same influences which bave heretofore raised him from the Savage state, which have converied the wilueruess into @ cultivated fleld and brousnt a@vout commercial iutercourse and tne inter change of knowileage between peopie widely sep- arated, stil! exist, aud have yet @ large field lor tweir exercise iu various parts of the earth. Jo tne loneiy traveller and Seil-sacrificing missionary it 1s something toat there are tnirty-five geograpi- teal societies im the world, woo watch their prog- Tess, estimute their lsoor at its real value and weicome eacn addition they make to the siock of Buman knowledze. The world is now iuliy awake to the importance of this work and pervaded vy the sentiment that there are no people tuo re- more or benefit by the resulta of geographical inquiry. SPEECH OF DR. I. 1. HAYES. Dr. I. L Hayes, in rising to move the vote of thanks, said:— Mr. thanks to the President o/ the society tur the care- fulness With Whicu he has ovserved and tue abuity with which he bas presented to us the geograpii- cai work of tue past ‘year, | believe 1 omy express the ieeclipg of every one present when say that we have Ret only a vast lund of infurmation, but that we have been carried ia imagination around the Worid in & most agreeable manner; and' I Leg to take the liberty of Saying that tne society may well congratuiate itself upon tlie fact that we bave @ President wuose ruaze Of vision is Bu wide to allow nothing which reiates to our society to escape i rom tbe depth of toe sea he lits us to the sharp peaks of the Sierra Nevada, and sweeps us away, smoothness Of Meinod quite hia own, to orth, making us ianly snudder witn the vividness of hw recital, and, skipping then to ancient Troy, lays beiore Us its long hidden spien- clear to us the present condition of grounds. classic Upon one puint only of tnis admiravie that is im relation to the discoveries of THE GALLANT AUSTRIANS, under Payer and Weyprecit; and, since these discoveries have probauly excited more attention Guring the past year thun any otner aciualiy new discovery of tae past year, I inay, perhaps, be ale lowed to allude to its significunce. [tis proposed now to comtinue the exploration, and Austria, Germany and England. inspired by the Austrian successes, are to make @ concentrated effort toward the Pole, May we not venture to hope that our learned President may be a ie to announce m bis next anuual address irest achievements, and that be will obliged to exclude irom nis enumeration tne work of our owa countrymen. here is not, it ig true, any plan now actually on ioot to this end, but the New York Heap has, with customary liberauiy, offered to bear one-fourth of the expense of a new undertaking, Provided the country or the government will sup- portit, The President has suggested to us many flelds for the display of enterprise and energy, especially in Alrica, bat nothing has struck we more lorcibly than that to which he ielfers in con- nection with the important DEEP SKA SURVEYS of the Challenger in the Antarctic seas. Impor- tant though these surveys ure they ure not su im- nee us in the Northern Hemisphere as siini- jar surveys Would be at the Nortn Pui What- fin reierence to the ancient site of Troy, and ex- pressed his opinion t! the value of the dis- ‘coveries made in the excavations on the raputed site are found im the 20,000 objects discuvered, in ‘which we have records which carry us back to childhood of the world. Allusion was also made to the excavations made during the year in France, in Pompeii and elsewhere and the results described. ‘The explorations in Asia received large atten- tiom from Judge Daly and detailed acovunts of them were given. in this connection he said:— Mr. V. of the Geological survey of Indt | bd an extraordinary account of children foam living with wolves in the northwestern provinces Of Oude, A boy was found in a wolf den by some Hindoos who were bunting. He had been burned Out of the een with the wolves. He was covered ‘with scars and wounds and was in bis habits » wild animal tn every respect, drinking like a dog, ‘and preierrin bone and raw meat to anything else. He would not remain with the other cnildren, Biding away any clothes, but tearing them in s! sew months aiter being taken. Another boy, four- teen years of age, was found among Wolves, who ned to make sounds, but after six months had it learned to speal joth boys were remarka- Die for the facility with which they moved i aa ad igeh Beiorp jney ever imteress muy be Bttachag to tae purely geographical surveys in the ar regions, [| jook «upon the hydrographic discoveries then to be made asof tue first im- portance, as bearing upon navigation and com- merce. I shall take occasion at some juture time to present to (he society a plan by which, I think, @ project may be promoted by which the learned Chief Justice will have fresh material for his 1uture adaresses, which we ail wish may be numerous as we are sure they will be instruc- tive ana brilliant. I now move 1. sir, & vote of thanks to the President for his able address, and that a copy ve requested for the arciives of the society, ‘he Motion was adopted with enthusiasm, and the meeting adjourned. THE ARCTIC REGIONS. a AN DYTERESTING COMMUNICATION ON THE USE OF CANVAS—ADVANTAGES OF SMALL CRAFT AMID THE ICE, New York, Feb. 25, 1875, To THE EDITOR oF THR HuRALD:— Your editorial of tnis day on Arctic explorations fade me, a Jandsman, bold eyyugy to omer eing five times a8 much as was at firetex- take or basin (weoty or | cut | the stream that enters the r tu be Lake Baringo, | to Kuka, (nat to toe horth and Dortheast of Lave | an | few practical suggestions to all interested in the | solution of the Polar proviem. And aliow me to say that I do ev alter having read carefully every narrative published on this matter, and tried to account to myself tor each failure or success, I take it that, without goime out of America, we have all the means necessary for immediate suc- cess ready at nand at our own ooors. 1t 18 proved, to ali practical purposes, that large vessels, | whetner pr: pelied by suils or steam, cannot pro- | Ceed beyond a certita point on any Of the Arctic | routes ‘hitherto expiored, ‘Ihis, then, is what 1 submit to Dr, Hayes, and to ail who, like bim, have pushed enterprise to the utmost limit of in. telligen: researc and heroic endurance :— | F ret—Take with yo" to the northernmost avatl- able station jor large erait a sudicteut pumoer of the large Canadian “wie tree casos,” such as have Deen Used Jor centuries iu crossing tue St. Lawrence at Quevec in gudwinve , and with them take also a Competent Bumber oi the hardy, skuled and dauntiess Frencs Cunsdian can emen, No race on (his Continent combit qualities necessary 10 Insure suc ano expiore:s thab these Same sober, inteligent | and trusiy Canadians, \ Second—These larve canoes, capable of contain- ing forty or fi ty persons, can be | usbed on over ice Noes, pucks Or CO. St without even (he remotest Gunger Of their being stopped by auy Ol the ordi. Lary ovstecics belore woicn larger craft have hitherto retreated, gone down or been abangoued, Why dol say this? Because trom early boynood 1 have seen danuy these Luge canoes cross ine buigaty river between Quebec, Point Levi or the ip and vl Orleans wren the cuaunel w, ammed With gizantic masses of ice, driven aiceruately up and down with the wusted iorce of tue and stream, and colliding with incessant roar Through tnese the canoes ply their adventurous Way, loaded With passen.ers, markel men aud women, and al! sorts oi prodnee nr tie city tratic; rush’ng wiih the s eed of a race horse thr.ugh the ppen water, and where tne ice cioses on tue, tu@ rowers jumping ou; ou the ice and | } pulling the boat, with its cargo, across the foe; Jauncning it aod padding anew through the ree | Bpoce til he shore was reacued, During the } pineteen years which 1 spent im Canada, most of them in dear old Quevec, I never heard of tue | awamping 0: @3 ngie canoe, i Yet when ip 1844 1 first cro-sed tne St, Law- rence, at shrovetiae, | coutess tu a tee ing of ine Voluntary apprenension a8 | looked upon the fears | fu! aud last-moving masses of tee overing the jordiy river and the |rail boat 1uto Which | was in- | vited to entel, No so ner, \owe had J seen my brave Canadian rowers jump out oo the first tee fleld tiat obstructed our parn ban | jamped Out With them, helped to pull be canoe to tne Dearest water and ivunch it, and tien jumped se- | curely ba k to my piace In Lue crat, 1 ielt at once thai, with skihed men aoa sirong canoe, there could be no danger in auy ordinary ice pack, With bo tater how swill a current, Thurd—Bal in a storm—in a& snow storm especialy? Of course you Would not venture ‘rom. and 1a u snow storm; but it overtasea by It amid the icepack or icebergs tuea, Where saiing vessel or steamer woud ve 10 immisent peril, these la:ge canves C uid be easiiy Lauied up on the Dearest flue aud made saie there Ull the Ganger ; had passed. Wi a such Canoes ine hardy French | COlouists wraversea fiudson'’s Bay, ana traverse | Still the lower St. Lawrence, with tts rapid cur. rent, But can these canves, a au expedition of severai weeks or montis, pe male comioctadie enoug to provide against the exir-me cold and sudden storms of the Polar Jautudes. Dr, Kane | eif-cted bis retreat in opea nouts iar less safe and | Madageabic than these anadian canoes. Anu It Will be Jor those coucerned, ik: te ex erienced | Dr. Hayes, to say i every Canoe Caunot be maae, | during sleeping time or storm, comfortable enongn: | for the cre 1 suppose, moreover, that several | Canoes always go Lovether, and that so:ne serve @ tenders tu the others, é Fourt—Forbearing more than these suggestions As to the nature of the crait and the quality 0 the crews wich are io constitute the aaxilary force, | anali mereiy add @ word or two. Toe nortueramost winter siation veing chosen asa base of opera iuns, several intermediate sta- tions shouid be estabiished during tne prog: | Tess nortawa-d, Wit) deputs Of provisions and ra lays of voats and men, all within easy communi. | cating distance. | A storeaiilp C:uld be aespa‘ched, alter discharg- | ing her cargo, to letch a fresh supply 0! provisions for another season, 1n Case the first did not suitice for achieving tne desived resul ; and thas, with all uecessary succor ieady at hand at tue vase of | Operations, and a Chain of Stations established ou tue patiway tow rd the Pole, the chunces 0; sac- | cess Wouid ve increased @ hundred-fold and tne dangers of fullure and disaster diminished in pro- | portion. \ Now will the United States and the Canadian overoment jon wunds in such an undertaking? I they go we shall have reacheu the /ole ere we Centenary of American independeuce dawns. QUEBS. THE ENGLISH EXPEDITION. NEW YORK HERALD, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1875.—TRIPLE SHEET. . ati But sttli some peril must always be in curred in . vew enterprise, aud tue sacrifice in this Case Was lar.e because the experime \t was @ great oue, It was periectiy well uncerstood why the crews of the Erebus ana Terror perished; bot they had iearned mucu since that time, and It was impossible that, to @ cer ain extent, tne same dangers Would arise as formerly. No service Whab | ever, he was of Opinion, was more fattniu ly carr ed | out than tue search ior Frankin, The command. | ers of that expedition nad @ aelicate task | to perfurm, and each d:u his best, according to its” aoiity. There was no ciew to ‘follow—ad weos westWaru, und, so far as Wey kuew, that was the Tighbairection, and vu jor the dise very vy Dr. Aue, in that memorabie journey Wich he under Wok, the jae Of these men m.gut have remaiued amysiery, Aided by tis own instincts, McCiiue Yock and bis companions Soaly solved the mys- tery, Aud the Getails oO the voyave of the hiitie Fox, Ditec out by Ledy Fraukuu, were well knowa, The experence oO Ofer Arctic explorers woud now, Aimiras Kiehards toougut, stand them ta Good stead, Mt Nat ceen decioed, ana ne (nougat W.sely, ip ihe interests of science, to say nothing Of the } terests o; the countr, to cespatea a weil equipped expeaition, to cudeavor to reach the D gies: nortuern latiiuae, jossivly the Po.e itseu, It uight ve, THE ROUTE PROPOSED Was the channei ieaging vorin rom the head of Baitiu’s Bay to the southern eutrance, which Was KLOWN as Sinitws Sound; anu tuis route oifered BUCH a great auvantage vver all o bers vecaue the course Was a straight one, The en’rance to Smith's Sound Was discovered aod named vy Bann im lls, Ween he salted round the sea or bay which bore hig uame, aod there was no record Of 178 Deng Visited Unt two ceaturies a.terAacd, When Ross appeared. No peope vad shown a greater interest im Arctic expivlaton than the Atueri¢abs— (cueers)—ano when all urcher hopes were abandoued uy the bugish in the direction of the North Pole, the resiess aod enterprising Spirit Was among them, uid viey persevered wor heb Til they accOmpilsned results Whien must e admitted by all to Nave Deen, at least, unsur- passed. Among emmeut aiscoverers were bie Dames of Kane, Ha es and Hal, Alter aliuding io Getall 10 the explorations oO these gentiemen, Aum Ricuards weut on to say \ha!, witn recard to Smits Sound, 18 iongituie ma tered Lite; all (aa: they Were cov cerned to Know was that 10, was ound to ve & navigivle chaunel Jor snips, | and it was the route which it Was supposed the @Xpediiioa Was io lollow. Wish respect to tue THE V Were ol An excelleni charac.er, Over 700 tons, and Wore ‘urmisied wird stan power, and Were now | being lites ous at Portsmoutn, under tue —uper- mtenveuce of sir Leopuli McChotock, Thev nad beeu made a roug a3 Woo aud Iron cou.d mike thea, apd | bad been ited as bo expedinion had veen fiitea 1m this country, (Applause) Tue crew cunsisted Oo. abour Sixty Office s and men, and tuey d carry provisions and stores o coal Jor a period Of at ieast three yours, These numbers might appear smali to Lugse Unacquatnted with BUCH service, but Ouly 8hips of Acertwiu ce 8 Could r of the expedition, Davicaie ihe we in sulely, Th n ap poluce 1 three we men to each s 2 Of Ue ovjects of the vovage wis lie Tesearen, & former precedent pad 80 ki u deparced irom That @ sailied Daturalist bad to Le squeezed in each Suip—(langhier)—aud instrumencs and Appliances ol IMVestigatioa of every bravch © science would, no douot. ve ‘prov ued. AlTauze:nents, too, bad been made to Ship @ovur #IX'y dogs, to be shipped ou board at Greeniand, jor tne purpose o. vrawing Lue siedses, and i might be interestine to KoOW that SeVeral tons ol the choicest dogs? biscuits | would be proviaed ior tuem, (A jausi.) He con | fessed 80.4e doub’ Whetuer tue biscuits would be pro, erly appreciated, ior bis own experience that they preteres Lo -atoue anutuer, (Laugater, THE COMMANDE! | of this expedition, Capiain Nares, who was now | preseut—( heers)—iad had great experieuce in Arctic as Well us ocher services, in tue ordinary | | course oj tnlugs the two ships would leave Puris- mouth ai out tue jatter end of May or tne begin- Ning oO! June, and take the usual route of Batlin’s Bay, 4nd taey Wou d eiudeavor CO pass up smita’s Sound, Here, provably in 81 dey. or 82 veg. north Iauitude, 1) such @ position coud be reacued, one Blip Would leave tie othe, itso the remain- ing one wouid itad plenty to occupy the exp! In 1876 i the exploration Oi the nortn coast of Greenland, aod bere the snip would probably re- Main jor iurther. orders, Captain Nares, the | speaker presumed, Woulu endeavor (o push norta- Ward in 1u8 vWD ship, and they mght ve certain that should the two ships Winer apart tuey Would uge tneir Lest exertions 10 coumanicate with each otner in the suamer of 1876, und tuere Was no reasougvie doubt but tial they would be avle to do su. He was 0} opinion that, as iar as human toresizht we! yi ) dowe to secn’e success. ri) Aithougt tiey Were uot permuted 10 lorecast, they migit be ‘permitced to specuiate upon the sea veyoad eignty secoud ljativase. hey kKoew that ia tne | Polar urea there was a constant current of drt wulch travelled toward tne south, throug Smutu's 5 vod, and that It swept with great vio-~ leuce turocgh Hudsou’s Strait along ie cong of Labrador, fuis Was the current tout jammed tie e THE CENTENNIAL. THE SUBSCRIPTIONS IN NEW YORK STATE ONLY ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS —WILL THE EMPIRE STATE PAY FOR THE SPACE IT cLam™s? Recently developed facts give peculiar force and emp?a 18 to @ sentiment telicitousiy expressed in the address Of the jieading ciizens of New York, which was ful y published in these columns and ; Wa- intended to rouve the public mind to a sense ofthe inestimabie tmportapce of the Centennial Exhintiion. Tue passage reterred to is the tollowing:—"Our works of art and manu facture and products of the soil and mine must appear in tue graud display, Space in the buiidipg for this purpose will require cape ital; and we are sure that you Wil not consent that the skilled men of New York, with their choicest products, Of which we are 80 proud, sha occupy space furnished by the capital of otier States.” Tois te @ node sentiment, and one worthy of the great community whose leading men ex- pressed it. Of course everybody can see, without yurther argumeut, that in order to provide th Space whica this great State requires to Le well represented, vast sums must be spent, and as no- body will claim that other States should pay for it the omly question that remains to be settled is | whether New York means to Claim its glare of the Exbibiiton space, THE APPLICATIONS, This question can be best answered by the oM- Clai report of the number and ex’ent of the apphi- cations irom this State. The figures are taken di- rectly from the records ef the Centennial Comis- ion in Philadelphia :— First Departmenit—Mate-jalsin thetr unwrought coudition—minera, — vegetabeé and animal. Amount of 8 ace applied ior, 120 square leet. pecond Department—Aateriais or mang aciures, the result ol extwactive or c mbining processes. Space applied for, 1,450 square feet Third Deparimeni—iextie aad felted fabrics, apparel, costumes and o;naments for tbe person. Space ciaimed, 10,212 square feet. Fourth Deparcmeni—fu oiture and manufac- tures ol geperai Use In Construction and in dweil- ings, Spice dema ided, 0,813 square teet. Futh pevartment—1oois, impieigeats, machines | and processes, Space requested, 28,700 square | leet. sixth Department—Motors and transportation, Space applied or, 11,855 square teet, Seventh Department—Apparatus and methods for the tucrease and d:fusiva of knowledge. space cuted, 80 square .e@ot. Lighth Deparimeny—Eugineering, lie works, architeciure. &c, Space needed, 1 quare sect, | | j | | Ninta Vepartment—Piastic and grapulc arts. Space applied for, 97) square feet, teuth Department—vojects iliustraung efforts | for tue improvement of the physical, mielicciuat | aud moral condition of man. Space requesied, 1,008 square ject. WHO WILL PAY FOR THE SPACE? Such i8 the exhibit of the space applied for by the state of New York. The total is 99,210 square feet, and whether tuis is below or in excess o! the proportion to which New York is entitied may be gathered from the fact that all the space devoted to tLe American department in the main bulid.ag S22 square feet, and prohaodly only halt the plicauions irom tas State have as yet been pre- Scnied, Now, tnes? are signiticant igures. New York ciaims already almost 28 mucu space As ts eet apart ior the eitire American department in the main Exhinition build This immeuse ap- plication atsesis toe great interest with which | toe city and State regard the bxposttion and is | especially gratilying to every one connected with its Munacemeus; out 1t must be remembered that this space will cost @ great deal of money. Ad will wealthy and Kenerous New York not be willing to pay tor the Space 1; Ovcupies instead of | a@ilowing It to be paid jor, in the main, by poorer | sister siautes? ‘Tne quota ior this State, as has | been previously stated, 18 about $800,000 on tue | basis of the present estimate Oo; the entire cost of the Exposition. WHAT NEW YORK HAS DONE. Governor gier reporis that tne sabscrip- in this State amounts tus far to neariy | vv, 80 LRAT only one-ergdth of the quota nas Jar Deea coutriouted. Now, it bas always admitted that the people of New York are iy the first 10 do tt duty Wiere tie na, over 18 Involved, and ‘these facts are presented with the confluence that our capital. Wsts Will Come forward with their pacriotic con- | tuloutions, nobiy and generously, as Soon as they | comprehend the position of thé Siace in reference and enterprise. Even poor and unse(ticd th | employés beard sounds of struggiiag | be a curpent 5 ION, HORRIBLE ASSASSINAT — + | A Boman Newspaper Editor Murdered in His Printing Office. The Victim a Representative of the Great Printer Family of Italy. [Rome (Feb. 7) correspondence of London News.) While Rome was last night enjoying her Gres genuine experience of carnival, @ horrible crime was perpetrated on one of the most promivent of ber citizens, Rafuele Sonzogno, at twenty min- utes past eight o'clock, was sitting alone at his desk, iu the printing oMce of the ultra democratic journal, the Capitale, of which he was proprietor and editor, suddenly his io the room—an upper one—in which he was at work, and one of them, Luigi Maracci by nama, rushing up stairs, stopped a man striving io disengage bimeeli from tho grasp of sonzogno, wo cried out “Luigi, Luigt, be has murdered me!’ In the tof uttering these words Songogno fell a vieed- ing corpse to tne ground, while M. Maracct, | seizing the fugitive by the throat, stopped his flight. The man, a tall athlete, was proving too Much for Luigt; but he was now assisted by his fellow workmen, One of Wiom, hoid ng the mur- derer back, though still srruggimg forward, finally brought bim to @ stand on the doorway, where further assistance arrived, THE MURDERER AND HIS MODE OF WORK, The carbincers took bim into custody and com ducted him to prison. By this time tbe street was filled and tie house besieyed by a dense crowd, some of whom, pushing up stairs, found Sonzogno breathing bis last, wito four severe wounds, two in the breast, one on the shoulder and one on the head. Lifted up and carried in the arms of the printers’ foreman, he expirea without saying a word, A dagyer, sticking In the breast wewnd, fell to the ground as vhe murvered man Was being borne along, It w. Beary a loot long, two-e ised, with a sharp p tnt, aud nauale of black Wood, The assassin, ald to er, must Nave Known his habits inte mately, ad nec the hour ant place where he Wo8 always tobe toand alone and intent on work, He mus have dealt he fatal blow wate Dis victim Was slitiog at the desk—and this explains the Wound on the lorehead, iollowed by the two ouners On the breast. Sonzogn) mu t have received the soouider wound Wille straggling with ols "a an‘ toward tie door, ibe wotive lor the crime remains yet a mystery, THE MOTIVE, Some accounts stgyest private vindictiveness, others public resentment—tne litter hinting darkly at the opportune extinction of au intrepid opponent Of poutical aad sacerdotal seridom. One ‘act all are agreed upon, that it was po uo- practised hand, but that of @ traiued and pro- Jess.ODAl assassin, Who dealt tie vlow. THS REPRESENTATIVE PRINTER A BaDICAL DEMO- orat. The Sonzogno family oi Milan Is known through. ont Italy for their printing esvabusument, which Jor wore than fi'ty years has earicaed tne King- com with excellent publications, scientitc and literar; Raffuele Sonzogoo and dward, bi y | brother, who resides in Milan, were the direct- ors of the establishment, In 1848-49 Raffaele acted aga itveral, Alter the return of the Aus trians and their occupation of Milan be was editor of the Gazzetta di Milano, vhen an official Atstrian journal, now @ radical one, After 1857, when Lombardy was liberated, no one men- tioned Raffaele sonzogno—a sileace waich favored | him @8 @ jourpaust, But aiter Mentana the Men- abrea Ministry persecuted the hot-headed pub- licists of Lombardy, and made them celeb ated in the process, Lioeraied trom prison, they were by @ spirli of reaction sent to Parliament, and so tue Chamber was inundated by men Who were new and unknown until that time,» viz., Raffaele Sonzogno, Builia, Ghosios, an Cavalotui (he last a good dramatic poet), ali of them wild and headstrong reputitcans. It was t.en that ia the Gazzetta, which has served every goveruiment of italy trom 1848 to 1866, Eurico MOulaZlO gave Up to Cario Pancrazio, director of | the Gazzeita Witatia, & lecter of Ratgele’s with the stamp of tie “Imperial ana Royal Gazette of Milan,’ greatly compromising that gentieman’s fame and reputation, An Outcrs was raised Daving 1u Parliament an AustriaD 8) Mpathizer, masked as & republican, Who bad dared to approve tee King Wiliam’s Laod, aud from it he In- Leaner Pret ferred that there was nO great contiueat on the Horta of Smin’s Sound. In cyac On Le s90Ke ENGLISH PREPARATION FOR RESEARCH IN THE POLAR REGIONS—WHAT THE NATION HAS AC- COMPLISHED AND WHAT IT HAS NEGLECTED, [From the Lonaon Telegraph, February 9.} | Of the advantages tut would resut irom the ex- | pedition. (Loud cheers.) Captain Narea, Wuo Wa3 warmiy received, ad- dressed tue meeting, He said that tue Memoers composing tue present Pour expedition, ana the | Ip the Milan Gazette the police fagelation @f the ioane Ree a ait rane “ta Gee i} Lombard matrous by tue Austrian government. tue Empire State when It shail be found | BY the pressure of public opinion Raitavle was | forced fo quit Parliament and bis constituents | took good care not to re-elect him. Kaffaele now | began to wrile more violectly against the Savoy Lo vave fied Iu Lhe great duly Of assisting to eie- wate the national imporlance in the view oF the too degraded. to feel tue tufluence aad | PRESIDENT—In rising to movo a vote of | dors, and then away to Asia ana Airica, making | address am I competent to pass an opinion, and | not then ve | ‘ctle | Alurge and distinguishea company assemoled | las: evening in the theatre of the London Univer. | sity, Buriington Gardens, lor the purpose of hear- | ing an importaat paper read by Admiral Sir J. © Richerds; “Oa the Roate Toward tae Pole tor the Arctic Expedition, 1875,” under the auspices of the Royal Geograppical Society. The chair was taken by Major General Sir Henry Rawlinson, aud a@mong those present were His Royal Hignness the | Prince of Wales, the First Lord of the Admiralty, | Sir Bartie Frere, Sir Leopoid Mc lintock, Captain Nares, commander o1 the expedition; Commander Diavy Nopetul intends they Wouid ieave behind them, looked forward to their iuding a favoiavie Season, and, consequent ¥. oolaining a very igo lanitade, trom waich the Pole migut be reached; aua, in couciusion, he dweit upon the energy Which ue woud give to tie cumpletion of sue work. THE TRANSIT OF VENUS. PROFESSOR WATSON’S LETTER REPORTING THE AMERICAN OLSERVATIONS IN ASLA. WASHINGTON, Feb, 24, 1875, Markham, R. N., the second oficer; Dr. Rae, Ad- | mirais Sir W. Hall, Coilinsun, Ommaney; Coiouel Grant, General Rigby, Lord Houghton, Captains | Hamilton, Gray and Poynder, and Mr. Clemeuts | | R. Marknam, &c. sir Henry Rawlinson said that the crowded state of the meeting ana the attendance of so many distinguished persons testified to the warm interest that Was felt by all classes in Arctic dis- covery, which was the subject of the paper avout ) to beread to them that evening. (Applause) Per. | haps, under suca circumsiances, belore they pro- ceeded to the reguiur business of the eventlug— It might be 4S Weill be said a lew words by | Way 1 introduc: (dear, ear.) tie ventured \ cal Society took some credit to liseli, aud, he thought, with justice. lor tae shure which it had Arctic expedition, (Cbevis8,) In spite of opposi- | uon, M spite Of discouragement, in spite of in- | always worked long aud energetically in keep- ing this oue ovject in view, At lengtn tuey | | that of calling on Aciniral Kichards jor his paper— to remind the meeting tuut the hoyal Geourapat- taken in launching that great uudertaking of tne | Gifterence, the Royal Geograparcal Socrety had | | had succeeded—(applause)—and it was oniy | {rair, mow that they had succeeded, | | that these geutiemen who had borne the | brunt oj the battie shvuid be merited accordingly, He would, iu tue first place, mention tuat througuout tuey had received irom Admiral Sherard Osborn every aosistance. That geutieman | was io have Leen present tbat evening, out they bad to aeplore his abseace owing to domestic | aiiliction, Captain Osoorn, now just ten years | ago, reau @ Very imieresting paper, in tue course ol which he, for the Orst time, potuted out tue ad- vantages of uttempting to reach the Nortn Pole ty way 01 Bufflo’s bay and Sinith Sound, at the same | time giving many Vaiuable resuits which migut be | huped for in any future expedition, dwe'ling more especially on the advantaces to be derived from the (raining of naval officers for Arctic services. | dn anot.uer paper, read by this gentleman in 1865, | he advocatea an Arctic expedition; and both 10 speaking and writing, tuniiy offered, he invariably urged this, {anu it was mainly owing ‘to his efforts | that the Britis pubitc bad been educated | to understand the sclentidc and national | advautayes to be derived irom a Polar expedi- tion, Then, (00, chere was Dr. Hooker, the Presi- dent of the Royal Society, who, 1 1865, pointed out the botanical results which would foliow an Arcuc exveuiilon, aad he, in conjunction with Aditre! Osborn, Waited on the Virat Lord of the dreasary, and urged the necessity of a scheme to | eilect this purpose. Dr, Hooker hud througnoat been most zealous, but no persuasion could nave | | fuduced Her Majesty's yovernment to seud such | a large bDouy of men and officers to the Pole had | not a young baval ofliver, Commander Markham— | | (applause) —proceeded in 1873 in 9 steamer north. ward (o test tne power of steam im vvyercoming the diMicuities of Arctic navigation. His cruise was per.ectly successful, anu he passed from piace | | to place with complete ease, and it was mainly | | owing to the graphic account he gave oi the craise tuat the pubile mind was disa. used of tbe great | danger o: navigatiug the Arctic Sea. It was by the aid of this gentleman, aud fortified, they | were, by tuat scientific and practical authority, that they were enabied tu go to the First Lord of | the Treasury and lay tuelr case belore hum. i ADMIRAL BICHARDS! PAYER UN THE EXPLORATIONS AT THE PO! Admiral Richards then r iis paper, After a few introductory remarks, ue said that this so- ciety had lung urged the revival o! Arctic explor- @tiod, and nO one had labored 80 hard in tas Matter to secure success as their excellent sec | retary, Mr. Clements R. Markham, (Appiause.) Arcuc enterprise had always been povtlar, and always had, in this country, attraction fur Ene. giisumen as Ei Duradve bad fur their South. ero neighbors. He would not inquire into the cause of this, but honor and ambition certainly had their share, As @ matter of fuct. they naa not sent ouc any exploring expedition north. ward for thirty years, nor had they made any serious attempt to reach the Pole, With regard to Parry, in 1827, he was, of course, furnished with all the uppiances and means toat existed in his days: aud on Dis orilliant series of voyages, | aucuaing thar of Franklin in 1845, there was & revival of the proposed discovery | of the northwest passage. Had Franklin returned moderately successiul, his expedition would nave | been iollowed by a similar one in thé direction of | the Pole; but, owing to the uufortunate results of | this voyage, It wearied out the nation, it was | not to be wondered at that, as far 80 this country | J Was concerned. arcu enterprise slept ior #9 long | | Serving them wita the equatorial and making us ‘The first letters, since the m. ment of the trausit of Venus, irom Proiessor J. C. Watson, o: Michigan | | University, were received to-day. He writes trom Pekin, on cember 10, and reports that clear of the mouth, and that although cioudy om that day it again c.eared in the eveuing. TRANSIT DAY—THS OUSKRVATIONS, On the 98 Of December, tue transit day (count. ing it toere tue 9th) the sua arose cloudiess, Ab eight o'clock circles uf clouds began to come over the sua. At nine o'clock they thinned for one and a half bours, 80 that he got the first and tne second con- tact @ud forty-four uegatives snowing Venus upon the sun. THE SUN again clouded, but an hour and a haii before the | end of tne transit Professor Watsou’s party re- sumed photographing, oovaining fiity more nega- | tives. Although there was necessarily @ long ex- | posure of the plates in these cases, Professor Watson expects to snow eighty which can be weil measured, He got the third and the fourth contact also, ob- many measurements as poss with the dvubie Image micrometer, SCIENTIFIC NOTES. The Profeasor makes some remarkable notes as | to discrepancies between the precise times of the actual contacts 8 compared with the times | computed by astronomers before the transit. Thus he reports the beginning of tne transit as | } to cuat maqe at elvier ui the European expo-itions. Agent oe the EORIPBAEEAERSAA. OF New | 4) Dusty and in favor of ine Republic, attacning Yors Walen bears upon this question. After say- | Bimself to all the malcontents of the period, He men of New York would not #4 talent, was steady and tndefetugavle in ing that the skied culsenl Lo occupy space furnished by te capital Qi otuer and poorer States, they add, “Nor will Ou CID a reduction Oo your share Of the capital | because of the surplus iurmisied by the people of | Peousyivania, Tbat oalance mnust stand ior the | relie of remote aud needy States who can realiz no mcidental benefits, Tne tratn 1s, iellow ¢ zeus, tuere is but One Way of rendering our pos! tion In ts iInatter sutisiactory to ourselves aud creditable in nistory, and that 18 a prompt per- formauce of our full part in the ceremonies tat | are to commemorate the Jounding of our Repu. | ic. i i ANOTHER VIEW OF IT. While the foregoing rem irks tliustrate the duty of New York, trom the Guancial poimt oi View, the acts as to the appitcation have agotuer ely. Rificance, They show that the American depatt- | Weather prevaied lor a Week previous to the 8: =mentatthis coming Phiadelphia Exuibition will be something tuat the world vas never seen ve- fore, I ere never was been ap exmibition in which 1e products of our great and rich state will o¢ $0 y ulustrated. inere isa great deal in th: ap. ‘ications Of this State, ot course, that Will ve toucd anworthy of a place m the Exposiiion; and | yet Woen ali the space is allotted, it wil be seen What a wonderful display Of buwan products tae coming fair is to be, and how tudnitety superior | The whole worad will recognize the wealth aud | | fertility of a country ihat cond place such a mar- | Veilous display of tts prodncts before It t BUTTER AND CUB SB PRODUCTION. reigned aiternoon u meeting of the Ceuten- Dial Committee oi the American Dairymet's Asso- clauOn Was held at ‘be >t. Nicholas Hotel, Mr J. O. N, |.owe.l, oi Paris, N. Y., presided. The ovject Of the meeting was to take Into consideration tne fives and butter and coeese The mee\tng was an informal it Wao stated, among oluer things, that tie exhibition of duiry making apparatus, ove, It was deemed prova- ble ihat tuis Exuivition wo iucrea-e the giready enortnous exportation of butier to Eng- land. A meincria! wat drawn up, addressed 10 the Centennial Commission, requesung that Space be set apart tor ie erection of a special bmiding In whick theeprocess of dairy mauulac- tures could be carried on. The details of the pro- ject are not yet sully Oxed upon. The commitee wont ro Pliladelpuia yesierday evening tv coner , with General Gos.orn on tne suvje | eS THE CONCORD CENTENNIAL. Newport, R. L., Feb, 24, 1875. occurring sixty-eigbty seconds later, the second contact seventy-five seconds later, the third | coutact forty-three seconds earlier and the iast | puted times, wiich would appear to show the sun's ciameter less than we supposed 1t to be. WAITING FOR FURTHER ILLUMINATION, Tt will probably be some time beiore the oficial Teport of this party can be received. They are | likely to have been much delayed, we fear, in tneir leaving the Chinese coast; for Admiral Pennock | having notified the party that he woula not be | able to send a vessel to bring them away from | Pekin (probably because of the ice) they ex- pect to be under the necessity of making an over- land journey of twenty days to the Yangtse | River and thence to Shanghai, The American party at Viadivostock were much favored in getting away from their areary post | just bejore the ice blockade, | AT PEKIN. The American party at Pekin consists of Projes- | sor J.C. Watson, Professor C, A. Young, of Dart- | mouth; Mr. W. V. Ranger, of Syracuse; Dr. Etnan Watson, of St. Josepn, Michigan, and Mr, B, J, Conrad, of Aun Arbor. HOMEWARD. > hg Professor Watson accompanied ber hus- and. Some of the party will return from Shanghal via San Francisco, Protessor Watson and wile ex- ected to cume round through Asia and Europe, ome. THE ECLIPSE OBSERVATION EXPE- DITION. | i BRITISH SAVANS EMBARKED AND AT SEA FROM SOUTHAMPTON, The British expedition for the observation of | the eclipse of the sun, in charge o! Dr. Schuster, | sailed in the Peninsuiar and Oriental Company's | steamer Surat, tor Galle and Singapore, from Southampton, on the 1ith of February. Dr. wae of Berlin, joins the expedition at Suez, and Dr. Janssen at Singapore. Professor Tacuint, aiso a member o: the expedition, 1 Siisroritee nt alae The Mea ot og and che @ ously eugaged in prepar- ing the sativa, i me , | Diflcant “gor Governor Howard and Lieutenant Governor ©. G, Vaa Zanat have accepted an invitation to be present at the Centennial celepration at Cun Whenever an oppor. | contact sixty-five seconds eariter than the com- | cord, Mass., of the oattle at that place and Lex- ington, Apru 19, and they will be escorted oy ihe Vecerau corps Of the Providence Ligot inantry anda the American Brass band. Lieutenant Gov- ergur Van Zandt has consented to be oue o tue Speasers upon thai iuterestiug occasion. MASTER Last evening at Deimonico’a, Fourteenth street and {th avenue, one of the most enjoyavle dinaers TAILORS’ CLUB. | Of the season Was partaken O! by a large HUMD~er Of | gentiemen, members of the Master Tauors’ Clay and guesis irom divereut cities, This o1gauiza- tion was jormed in 1870, aud tie entertainment Jast evening was the fourth. The jollowing isa list of the oMcers:—President, Mr. J. Q, Laws; Vice President, Mr. Matthew Rock; Treasurer, Joseph becker; Secretary, Mr. James Mclirath. ‘Yhe Dinner Committee, to whom great pratse is to be awarded ior excelent arrangements, com- | prised the tollowty, | ted, Ohairmao; Mr. W. 0. Linthicum, secreiary; | Messrs. A. F. stiller, Mortimer Brown and Josepa Becker. THE DECORATIONS OF THR TABLES and dining hali were in exceilent taste, and the “merrie compame” entered invo the spirit oi the Occasion with notable zest. It isa picasant sign | of our growth toward the riper culture of tne OU: World, that trades unions are iolluwing the ples of the ancien: fr, oi Europe, and wivnout douot the conviviality of tellow craitsmen tends to cement and harmonize elements which otherwise Would be jull of petty jealousies. in this sense the dinner last night Was a success in more ways than one. The toast to the Presideut of the United States was responded to by Mr. Lent (of Croney & Lent); The Merchant Tatiors’ Ex- changes of Philadelphia, Baltimore and Provi- | dence appropriately, a “The Press,” “Our Guests, at ., 1 # Muaner to call forte uproarious applause, hh emolems ot devices on the table were the sig- ose; a fiuure im cauay, with clothes cut in the rasiion of the last century; @ goat—but | | mobody could teil the significance Of tne latter | device. It was @ noteworthy circumstance that Deimonico turnisned no “cavbage” for dinner, | and that the “goose” was «candy one. The coin- | pany, on breaking up, felt tuat music had Lent | charms to the entertainment; that they had spitt | on no Rock, and tnat ail the Laws of ceremony | hud been properiy observed, naimnes:—Mr. Wiliam M. Braiss | D work and long suffering toward the critics of his past history. When Rome was ‘reed he came here ana startea the Capitals, eiving it that use because Le thought the Italan government did not wish to mak Rome the capital of the kingdom. Facts ha reiuted him. He remained, however, the de- ciaread enemy of @ll Itaian Muinustries, lashing them without mercy, sparing neither thei, nor, of course, the Pops and tae priesth od, and display. ing unusua! powers of mind 1m his datly diatripes, Toe Koman populace and tie discoutented nuvlesse, | such a8 the Duke of Sermoneta, were friendly to nim, and his journal was widely read by the con- stant opponents 01 the powers that de. A lew days ago he visited Gartbaldi. He was tolerated as a vis tor, because he was a man Of Vigorous luteilect and well Versed in history so as to apply it eflec- tively to curientevents, Lately he diciaied some @liucies on tne Agrarian law, wiicn, indeed, brougat us back to Lhe time of the Gracchh. RUSSIA AND ENGLAND. A MUSCOVITE RECLAMATION ON TEE SUBJECT OF THE BRUSSELS CONFERENCE, {From the Brussels Nord (Russian organ), Febru. ary 9.j We have not finished with the position taken up by Engiand on the suvjec of the Brussels Conier- euce, Has anybody remarked the motive put for- ward in Lord Derby's despatch to Lord Loitus— namely, the desire to protect the rights of na- tional de.ence, not to purticipate im any way in decisions calculated to facilitate wars of aggression and to generalize the ' Dutrer ane cheese interest in tuis country repre- triotic registauce of peoples at | sented about $100,000, 000. bree 4 Ba e peop tuckeat We have already expressed our opinion on this pore point on which Lord Derby probably HOWS a3 MUCH as We do; for we suppose that he has taken cognizance of the protocols o1 the Con- ference. To invoke & generous principle—the desire not to weaken the patriotic deience of in- vaded peopies—wheu tn reailty @ color is only given to 118 own utter impotence in matt of Continental wariare, and to deiend arbitrary po=ition which she reserves to herself in all matters connected with maritime warare; to regard with doubt and suspiciun, against al evidences to the contrary, the suggestions of a yreit Power animated wita noble and humane in- tentions—is a wicked act, for tue commission ot which the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Great Kritain cannot piead ignorance, as certain journals may. On the first numalivnd of its re usal to ta! part im the Congress England contented herself vy speaking of wher interests as @ great maritime power, which promoited ber from lim- wing her “means o! action’’—interests, no douvt, similar to those which presided over 30 many cel. ebrated exploits—tie bombardment of cCopen- hagen among O.ners. It Was not very chivairous, but it was ut least irank, Atthe present tme, im expiaining bis egotis ical avstention vy alluding to liveral and popular motives, Lord Derby ap- pears to us to place hunseif in the scnoei of those pollantorupie Hrituns Whom Dickens has described with such au incisive pea. Has diplomacy also its Pecksulls ? 1. Engiand sent & representative to the Brussela Conterence it ts Guite evident that Its object was, sotely ty prevent any discussion of maritime questions. Tois end having been attained she. witadraws {rom any ‘ui(ner participation in tae matter, ‘here wii! provanty be @ very simpie. Means of turuing these tactics against herseli— means wich we sh a time, We are by Males graphic despatch from London th greater portion of the secondary States are fol lowing tbe example oi Engla: Ww standin Lord Derby may say, they are the weaker ‘States which have the most to gain oy the fixing of the rules of war; for it is quite plain that waere no law exists the stroug will impos: laws which whey consider convenicat to themselves, i¢ is also dificult for us to believe that countries Most interesied in the drawing up of a id | Code of jaws to be observed in warfare should not take advantage of tue occasion now vilered codnying such laws, ve FUNERAL OF SHEPHERD KNAPP, The remains of Shepherd Knapp, the well known banker, were buried yesterday from the Brick Cnureb, corner of Thirty-seventh strect and Pith avenue. The church was filled with the friends of the deceased, ana the services, woich Were very im» reasive, wore conducted by Rey, PI son, Stoddard and Adams. Amon, the charch weie Newman W Promasnt merchants sod tdtgeus, ‘omiuel nts and cr ers were William Cullen Bryaa Kay Sherman, R. Thor: land, Alexander Lawrence, John A. Stewart. Boral offeri merous and Of the most elegant Femains were taken to Greenwood ains inverme: