The New York Herald Newspaper, December 22, 1874, Page 5

CHARLEY ROSS. —_——_-—_—— “Burial of the Burglars’ Bodies in the | Presence of Their Friends. DETECTIVE THEORIES. | —— Clinton J. Mosher on His! Brother William. | rf | | FOUNDATION OF THE FAMILY. Barly Life and Career of a Noto- rious Man. THE SECOND WIFE. Why Mrs. Mosher Ought to Know Where Charley Ross Is, MRS, DOUGLAS ON MRS; MOSHER. The bodies of Mosher and Douglas, the burglars | shot at Bay Ridge a week ago and who are said to have been the aoductors of Charley Ross, were bur- led yesterday at Uypress Hills Cemetery. When re- moved from the Morgue in Brooklyn, ater the | Coroner’s inquest, they were placed in a vault and | Were yesterday taken from there and put into the ground. Mrs. Mosher, one of her brothers- im-law, Mr. “Gill” Mosher, and other members of the family were present and remained to witness the last rites. The body of Douglas was prepared for burial by a Mrs. Mun, who was present at his . birth and who performed a friendly womau’s ofMices for him at that time. She gave her ser- vices free of charge, as ste had Known the family along time andhad always felt a deep attach- ment for the young man. airs. Douglas, woo bas been living with her mother since a short time aiter her marriage, was at Mosuer’s brother's | house last night in connection with some arrange- ments concerning the search for Charley Ross. | She is @ small, quite pretty woman, young, and Douglas, it is said, was much attacned to her. She usea every effort in her power to reclaim him, but was never able to make mach headway against bis vices, If the remaining members of the Mosher family are to be belleved they are all most anxious to find Charley Ross— not because of any reward that is offered, but principally for the reason thatone of them was the abductor of the child, Although any immediate prospect of finding the boy seems to be at an end public interest in the matter rematos unavated, as is shown by the iet- ters which Superintendent Walling continues to receive volunteering advice and making sugges- | tions and offers of information. Unfortunately these are of little importance save as they are in- dicative of the sympathies of the writers in the efforts being made and are calculated therefore to afford both moral support and incentive to the authorities, Tne opinion that the child is in the hands of those who are ignorant. of hia identity ts | gaining ground with each passing day. “i think 80,” said an official who has bad much to do with the case, and in giving his reasons therelor, 1d :— hs THEORIES OF A DETECTIVE. “Mosher and Douglas being the original abduc- tors, the principal responsibility for the crime, of | course, would rest upon them; and whatever Might be tbe complicity in the subsequent deten- Sion of the child, neither the responsibility attached toitor the emoluments likely to accrue there- | from would be sufficient to prevent the delivery of | the boy to the authorities in order to receive the reward which would either directly or indirectly @corue thereform. Oi this Mosher, who was cer- tainly not lacking in shrewdness and foresight, ™must have been aware, and what more natural than his searching for some guardian Jor his prize who was ignorant of the fact that a child had been stolen; some person or persons who mever read the newspapers, are out of the way of receiving any information as to what is going on and who would not be likely thereiore tu learn anything of it, no matter what the hue and cry likely tobe raised. Eitner | this or tne child ts dead, and every probability 1s against thal, as has been snown again and again.” | “But where do you find such people in this | 4 country?’ was asked, “Find them! Why, there’s.any quantity of them. Within two days I can find 100 tamilies, not twenty miles from the City Hall, who never heard of tue Beecher scandal or uny of the great sensations which have appeared in tne news- papers. They can’t read; they have no care about anythiog except getting their cay bread, and baven’t the slightest idea of what is going on in the world around them.” CONCERNING THE REWARDS. As the case at preseni stands there would seem to be no authoritative ol a reward for the re- covery of the buy. Originally $20,000 was offered for the recovery and tie arrest and conviction of the abductors, As is well known, all negotiations on this basis failed, a4 neither the family nor the authorities wére willing to guarantee any im- munity to the child stealers, and alter bootless efforts, through private correspondence and the | personal columns o1 the Philudeiphia press, to arrange some plan by whicn safety would be as- Bured to the criminals, the matter Was allowed to rest. The death ol they men Mosher and Dougias and the coniession ot the latter gave a new aspect to the case. So certain, however, was the | | to her, | luneral, but cume back again and got married, I | was written, water bere at the toot of Third street. gave up the saloon soon aiter he divorced, id he then leit New York, | had seem nothing of im for years. He sent me word one time that I was to notity nim when his mother died. { Willtam aid that through tae newapapers, and he came on | to New York from Binghamton when she was dead. That was thirteen years ago, It was there Martha, his second wife, met him, She says he was running alter her. Toat’s a mistaxe. [t was the otner wuy. fore she married nim. She knew all avout bim, too, be- My wife told he" to have | Notuing to do with him, aud so did ft inany a time, It Was Do use, She Would have hin, and she got him. she ngs aiways stuck very close to him, and she teils the truth when she says he was "A KIND, GOOD HUSBAND fle let. the city shortiy after his mother’s lost sight of him alter that for a jong time, and ouly met him again when he had the saioon in Grand street, vear Laurens, I met him down town one day, anda friend put my hand io his and asked us to become friends again. I bad kept aWay from him because he had brought disgrace on the family. He got into trouble at ke: bank, and since that! have not known much about him, I think he took the cnild, and 1 believe his wile | kuew he did and where he puttt, Sie was always with him, and never leit him i she could heip it if he was in @ boat and she could get to him she'd be there. I don’t think he did anything since he was married she didn’t know avout, Why, when he was up the river she was there ail the me. ‘The keepers couldn't put her out, She siept there at night when they would allow her, it's a mistake Jor ner to say she lived at her mother’s all tne time he was in prison. Nothing o; the kind, She was going around trom plece to place. She was in my house for a while, She came to my wie and said, “What am I to do? My baby ts sick and dying, and | have no place to go to.’? My wife took her in, sent for a doctor, and her baby was attended to. We gave her a little hail bedroom we had tospare. She never spenta day or & night in ber mother’s house, Her motber saw her with her sick baby in her arms on the sidewalk and wouldn’t take her in. Her father never spoke to her since she was married, that’s true, Bill used to send her money while he was in prison, It was she that gor him out, Now that lie’s dead all the policemen in New York knew him, There are noi 81x policemen in the by who knew him. ‘They might have heard ot Bill Mosher, probably they did, but they didn’t know him, nothing of the kind. He was _ pot & man to make acquatot- ance. He would go along the streets uietiy and mind his own business. if Martha osher don’t know WHERE CHARLEY ROSS 18 she Knows tnose who do Know. Her brother was in Philadelphia about the time he was taken away, iguess superintendent Waling knows all about them. There’s been somebody behind them all along. That child will be found one o’ these days, and then it will all come out. Oh, the stories im the papers don’t amount to anything. Bill Mosher und Douglas took that child, and they took him for dollars and dimes. It was # regular kid- napping, on the European plan. He Wasa first class boatman and kept out on the river to avoid this city. Whut—kuow what the police were doing’ Yes, every move. They did not stir but he knew it. Why, of course, they were after him. 1 can’t tell you what started them now; out you come to when the boy 1s me aiscovered, and 1’ll tell you such @ history as never Take you a week to write it; yes, good, Douglas, Did Lknow him’ Yes, well, ana all nis folks, We lived in the same ward. { don’t know where Bill got acquainted witn him, but they were great friends. He was a much younger man than Bil; but taey were alike in many respects. I koow Frank Speight, too, well. He 1s a blacksmith by trade, and I know Thorne. They need not take the trouble to say my father was a river thief ora pirate. He was nothing of the kind, and there are plenty of people in this city wh» know better. We can all look back a bit, and some of us might like to look and more of us might not. I don’t want to say anything ogainst aay one, but the aead ought to be allowed tc rest. Bill came back here in 1870, He lived in Coiumbia street fur a short time, He got mvo a little muss with some men. Well, I con't want to say anything against them either. It was about election time and the trouble was about election. He was arrested for it, but nothing came ol it. die nae not uved steadily in this city for any length of time since he gave up the saloon in Grand street. Me worked at fine cap making for a while and gave my boy a cap he made. He was also employed dis- mantiing the Atlantic in South Brooklyn. I think his wile’s brother was engaged on THE SAME JOB, They were well acquainted, a.d 1 think now and again a great deal togetuer—l am nov sure whether two of her—I mean Martha’s—brothers were not in Philadelphia about the time this boy was stolen, but | think they were. It may have been alter, but they were there, no douot, of that. She is a geod woman, no better; a Kind mother and as true 4 wile as ever a man had; but she’s bot so innocent o1 Kill Mosher’s doings as she pre- tends; ume will prove that. Let Superintendent Walling alone; he'll bring all that out. That woman would do anything Biil Mosher told her; yes, and lots of things he didn’t tell her, to please tim. She was all bound up in him, from first to last, and she thought of nothing eise jn the world but him, avout the way she got him out of Sing Sing; und | when he was arrested for tat felonious asaauit she botherea the lives out of the officers about him, She was aiter them night and day—never gave them a minute's rest. You mind what l’m telling you; it will all come out when the boy is found.” Do I think ne will be iound? Yes, I'm sure of it. tave’nt the slightest doubt in the matter, Maybe Martha Mosher will tind him too. I'm pretty deal, en? Took him jar away’ Nothing o’ the kind, She put him near enuugh. She ongit to be able to tell how lon, they were away from home. She can, too, guess. Now, tlere’s that Coroner, He didn’t see the nodies? No. Well, you might have read how they told tvem to surrender ana then how the shooting began. Now, will you tell me, or can any one explain, how, if he was fighting them, he came to have a shot in the back of his head and another in his back? Why wasn’t that brougut out on the ip- juest? And why didn’t they muxe them explain all about the five charges in that pistol? Tnere’s that boat, too, He never bulit that boat. But the boy will be jound one of these days, and then I'll tell the whole story.”” MRS. DOUGLAS ON MRS, MOSHER, A HERALD reporter had a brief conversation with Coroner J. B. which he inquired whether that dignitary had any information to impart bearing upon the lost child, Charley Ross. ‘The Coroner remarhed that he had not much confidence in tne reliability of the widow of the burglar William Mosber as an agent to assist, In the detection of the boy, “if it is true,” said he, “that the authorities -have realiy employed her to searcn Jor the boy, I should say it would be wail to place two or three officers wuo are not known by her on her trail. las called at my office—on Monday last—in com- pany with a person who was said wo be a sister-in- law of Mosher, in order to obtain permission to view the dead bodies at the Morgue, I was about to commit them both to jail because of tne information they then gave me. The woman, who called _ herself Doug- las’ widow, told me then that Mrs. Mosher Speedy recovery of the child considered that the question éf reward secms not to have veen thought of. Supermtendent Wailing, wno takes @ deep personal interest in the affan, has nootiicially announced that he would be responsi- ble tor the payment of $5,000 Lo any one producing the citld; vut other than this there 1s no stanaing offer of reward. Ii the child 1s in the hands of the accomplices of Mosher, there can be no doubt that they are waiting for the chance of making some- thing for the troubie and risk they have | tagen. WL \ once the detectives are satisfied | that the clehJ furnished them by the dying burg: | lar Douglas are useless, and to this conclusion | they are liable to come at no distant day, the offer | Ol a liberal reward, together with immunity trom | Fosecution, to those having the chila may result jn bis proauction. Already tis has been sug- oh and 1s udder consiveration by the authori. et » With the offer of reward, and alter tracing out the whereabouts of Mosher and jugias since the abduction, as the detectives are now actively engaged in doing, a thorough search will pe made through every 1o- valty Visited by them in the uope of finding tue boy with people woo do not kuow who he ts. Said | the official belore reierred to, “1 believe, if ever tound, it will be while running aroundwiti the children of some poor jamily, the members of Which are as innocent as possible of any wrong (intention in detaining him. They have probably been well paid jor taking charge of him aud promised more, which they confidently expect to receive.” | “GILL” MOSHER ON “BILD.’? | Clinton J, Mosher, comimoniy known as “Gill,” | made the following statement to a reporter ot the | HERALD last nigitt:— | “My iathec’s uame was John Henry Mosher. He was born ai Horseneck, Connecticut, and came | Irom there to New York. He died tweuty-seven years ago, und was, at the time of his death, Cighty-seven years ot age. He was | killed im a fraliroad accluent on Long | Island. He was captain and owner of | & coasting vessel called the Saluda, | He lived 1 Goerck street, 10 this city, and owued two houses there, Nos, sand ll, rome ume be- fore his deatu he soid those houses and put the money into vessels, fe jd fiiteen sons, bur four ot Whom Were living wen te died. The four were | Jonn H., Clinton, J., Wiliam and Alired. William | was the second youvgest. My muther Was | born at Hunt's “point, Westchesicr, Her | name was Hunt Wilam was born at | No. 201 Division street on December 26; 1822. He was quite a child when We lived in Goerce street. He never learned a trade, but was @ man who could make anytning. He olten said to me, ‘i don’t like to go into tue shop because, I aM not as practised with the toois as these other men, bus I could make a boat just as well as they do.’ He was iond of reading and was a well in- structed man. He was ulways experimenting and was a hard working young man, He lived with Us antl he was about twenty, then he got married. } think that was in isd4s, tle marred the daughter ol @ woman named Waiker, who | dad some property 1 one o! the streets running nto Grand street. Aiter toat he opened a saiooa i Grand streer, near Jackson. He tived there wbout two years. His wile took to drink and he got divorced trom her, What became or her alier that I don’t know, but I met her a few yeursugo tn the street, and she badtnen Bil the appearance of a woman Who Was drinking hard, She hai a sister who took to the same ways and committed suicide, (Sue jumped into ti Was the putter-uy of all the scheines and robberies which her hasband carried out, and that she was not, therejore, apy better than he was. Weill, as T Wus saying, i Was about to make out an order ior their commitment to jail, when two men came up to me and came this, (opening his coat and showing his shield upon the inside). They then told me they were New York officers, had the two women under their surveillance, so that I need not be uneasy avout their future movements. But from what Mrs. Douglas satd I should say that Mrs. Mosher would bear close watching by Superiutendent Waliing and his men.” WATCHING WESTON. THE CITIZENS’ TESTIMONIAL—SINGULAB SEB- MON COINCIDENCE—A PROSPECTIVE svIT FOR LIBEL, Yesterday a meeting was held in the office of Mayor Perry, in Newark, of the committee ap- pointed to procure subscriptions and a testimonial jor Mr. Weston in token of appreciation of his great walking feat. Mayor Verry filled the chair, Mr. E. H. Clements acting us secretary. It was decided that the testmonial should take the form of an elegant and costly gold watch and chain of New Jersey manuiacture. The time and place of presentation were not decidéd, The meet- ing adjourned subject to Mayor Perry’s call. The | presentation will probably take place the middle of next week. Weston speaks in high terms of the Newark pojice, and bas booked himsel! to lecture on “Walking” for tue ovenefic o1 their Ald Society. His physical condition 18 unimpaired, not toe slightest ili etiec s being apparent trom the great strain on bis nerves, brain and muscles. On Sun- day morulag he Was up at six o'clock, naving siept soundiy for ab ul tour and a bali hours. His Appetite was voracious, and he declared he could nov eat sufficient. ‘To church he walked in tne snow, accompanied by Dr. Robert Taylor, He at- tended the service of the ketormed Episcopal churen at Association Hall, aud py @ singular comcidence tue preacher, Rev, Dr. Nicholson, Newark}s new convert to the Refurmed or cummins Coured, delivered an exceedingiy in- teresting aud eloquent sermon on what men ac- complish by determination and Mxity of pur pose te waikin a certtuin line toa certain goal. ‘The text chosen was trom Genesis y., 24—"And Knoch walked with God, and he was not, tor God wok bitin.’ ihroughous the handling of the text the Doctor, unintentionally, ot course, made re- marks closely fittmg the case of Weston, his determination and fixity of purpose to walk mm a certain way to a certain end, Weston sal in a front pew, thatof Mr. J.D. Orton. At the close of the ser- vice the choirsang as the last hymn ‘Nearer My God to Thee, Nearer to Thee,’? as bad been re- quested hy Weston on Saturday night. Yesterday the pedestrian leit Newark, on pur- pose, he declared, to imsttute criminal proceed- ings against Mr. George Wilkes for alieged livel in the sporting paper of the lacver, Weston being terein held upus a fraud, A Newark paper also published the alieged libel yestorday, 60 that tne pedestrian Will presumably bave two libel con- tacts on bis Dan Jones, of Brooklyn, yesterday, in | That's all true | Why, the day that Mrs. Doug- | said the Coroner | | Diam between Western Union and Atlantic and | jury yesterday in the apartment in which deceased | A STOCK SENSATION. Mr. Wright, the Wabash Operator, Expelled | from the Stock Exchange. FAILURE OF FYSHE & COMINGS. Wail street awoke yesterday morning in arather feverish condition, and the early visitors were full of conjectures as to the result of the day's busi- ness, There were many who prophesied sudden deatn to Wabash, as they confidently stated that the stock would seil at 18 belore noon, giving as a reason the utter inability of the company to pay any dividend; and again there were others who whispered mysteriously, “Buy & bhun- dred shares of T. W. at the market price, it 1s a good purchase.” Their advice was | genuine, as the more you asked them the more confident they became of the iuture success of this Western railroad. Pacific Mail was handled | With no pattes de mouche, as alter a lively deal during the first couple of hours the bears knocked it down over a point, The Western Union clique were also on the gut vive for dollars and cents, as they circulated a story about an alleged antago- Pacific, in which the former came out victorious, The story said that WESTERN UNION AND ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC had been in the habit of dividing office room at the principal hotels and paying an equal share in | the expenses, but that recently the Western Union had undermined the interests of the Atian- | tic and vacific and were paying a rental of $5,000 per annum for the exclusive privilege in a certain hote! up town, The Wright scandal of Saturday was in every- body’s mouth yesterday, and, whether directly concerned or not, all became more or less in- | terested. Mr. H.R. Wrigaot, the gentleman in question, was credited with direct connection with several leading houses ior whom he was said to have been acting, and his reckless sales of Wabash on Saturday were reported to have been part of a pian to create a reguiar papicin the entire stock list. THE GOVERNING COMMITTEE of the Stock Exchange took the matter in hand at an early hour, and sumwwoned Mr, Wright to answer before their tribunal. ‘this ambitious young speculator does not appear to have been at all imtimidated by the subpoena of | his peers, but answered the call with alacrity, and favored them with a history o his transactions that rather astonished his judges. Mr. Wright, in tact, made a clean breast Of the Whole affair, and commenced by announc- ing that on Saturday morning when he entered the Buard he was carrying 1,800 shares of Wabash, Pacific Mail and otlier stocks. His bank ac- count was overdrawn some $450 and he held no Maigin to cover apy sosses that might accrue from his stocks, Ou being cross-examined, Mr. Wright said that some 700 shares that he was carrying Were Wabash, and thinking himself a “SECOND DANIEL”? believed he could manipulate thc shares acd not only save bimsell irom ruin, but make a fortune besides. He pictured to his stern juJges tue lather, mother, sister and brother that were dependent on his exertions and with ruin staring in the face, how apt one is to walk in any path that gives & hope oliortune, “Desperate men take des- erate chances” was, in fact, the movto adopted yy Mr. Wright, and consequently he walked into the Board with, as he says, the intention o1 buy- ing 2,500 shares of Wabash in order to steady the market. His purchases, however, did not appear to have the desired effect and he then, in the excitement of the moment, bougat wiidiy, hoping to check the rapid depreci- ation of the stock. ‘The result, however, was not what the daring gentleman anticipated, as the wily brokers with whom he had to deal had been through too many panics to be affected by such a transparent transaction. Mr. Wright, in extenua- tion of his action, said that the stock he held bad been originally Vought from A MYTHICAL MR. COHEN, who bad left tht shares on his hands, saying they should have been sold out before the margin was exhausted. ‘The Governing Committee heard the statement | of Mr. H. R. Wright with exemplary patience and | after he had concluded his expianutions they con- | piles together and passed tue iollowing preamble | an RESOLUTION = Whereas it appears from Mr. Hi. R. Wright's own state- ment that on Suturday last he bought 16,200 shares of | stock When his bang account was aiready overdrawn and he Knew he was bankrupt, thereby inflicung a | heavy joss on this association, therefore Kesolved, That Mr, H.R. Wright be and is hereby ex- pelled from the New York Stock Exchange. | The gossip over the Wright case had hardly sube | sided belore a communication came into the board annoancing the iability o: the firm of Fyshe & Comings, of No. 31 Wall sirect, to meet their Habilities. They laid their failure to the door of Wright; but as on Saturday tnere had been a rumorcirculated that they were involved with tne latter, whicn had been denice by them in a written commuaicarion, their case will require a little explanation. Of course there were numerous stories accounting tor the failures current in the street, all of which con- nected them more or less with the expelled Wright. One rumor stated that Comings and Wright had been clerks together and tuat the former had an equal interest with the latter in | all the transactions he effected on Saturday. Ot | course only a certain amount oi credence can be given to the stories that fy around the street on sensational occasions. There 18 a stroug impression among tie solid | men of Wall street thata great deal of tne recent activity in the stock market is due toa feverish speculation, somewhat of the Wright order, tuat has been indulged in of late. They anticipate a more regular condition of business since the Gov- erning Committee have made such @ marked ex- | ample o/ such like action, THE SHOOTING OF CAPTAIN BOURNE. THE INQUEST—POLLOCK DISCHARGED. | The inquest touching the unfortunate oocure reuce which led to the death of Captain Isaac Ss, Bourne, Captain of the Second precinct police, Brooklyn, was held before Coroner Jones and a ‘Was shot the day previous. The station iouse was draped with mourning emblems extertorly and interiorly. Ex-Judge S, D. Morris appeared in bebalt of John Crawiord Pollock, tne Argus re- | porter, in whose hands the pistol was when the fatal shot was fired, Ex-Congres«man Barnes and several promineut citizens of the precinct were also present upon the occasion. Sergeant Carrhough was the first witness sworn and testified as 1ollows:—On Sunday, the 20th inst., at about a quarter to twelve, John ©. Pol- lock came to the station house, corner of York and Jay streets; Mr. Pollock said he had been around to the different churches coliecting notes on music that was to be performed on Christmas Day; there were present at the time Captain | Bourne and myself; Mr. Pollock produced a small | cartridge from his pocket, saying it was a similar | one to that which killed Mosher at Bay Ridge; the Captain then said something concerning it and | produced a small pistol irom his pucket and | snowed it to Pollock, who returned the weapon, | and tney then went iuto the Captain's office; une Captain wanted to show Pollock another pistol; I | won’t Say Whether he invited Pollock to go with him or not; Pollock followed him into the :oum, | and | shouid judge that in two minutes [ heard | the report of a pistol in the room; the doors lead. | | by his coat and took a pistol out of his hand; the breciact, testifed that be was ip the station Ing to the roum were open at the time; 1 got out of the chair) in_ which 1 was sitting and started for the room, When { met Pollock coming out irom the | door, exclaiming, “My God, 1 uave snot him!’ or ited nim 3’ | can’t say whicn it was; 1.0ok nm pistoi snown 18 the one Ireter to; it belonged to the deceased; he generally kept that pistol in his drawer tn nis desk; Captain Bourne was lying in front of the desk, and | knelt peside bim and tried to get nim to speak, but he did not speak; I sent Pollock to @& cell and despatched a man for the doctor; the Captain died three minutes alter he Was shot; I did not hear a word spokeo between deceased and Poliock; they had not time waile in ue room to have aad any woras; the conversa- uon velore entering the room Wis of a very pleas- ant character; | oiten saw te prisoner at the station house, and the relations which he held | with ueceused were always iriendiy; [never knew | them to Have any difference wharever; it was the Captain's habit to show his pistols very Ireely 10 | aiflerent persons; Pollock was not intoxicated up | to the time ol tiving the pistol and Was under no | piiement. . Kred, Heeze, & clerk and an expert in the use | firearms, testified that he had examined toe | pistol shown and jound it in good order, and Is hot tvo iree on the trigger; the thumb 1s liable to blip off the curve of the hammer oa such as are curved; such accidents have occurred. Lewis Lewis testified tnat he was in the station house when the shot was fired; ne should think thal Pollock Was partially intoxicatea at the time he saw him there; judged so from the motion of his tands, rolitag of his eyes and the smelt of ts breath; haa no other way of arriving at such a oe heard no words between acceased and Pollock. Omcer Canacola testified that he was upstatrsa | in the station house and, hearing tne report of a | pistul, he went down stairs; saw Pollock kneeling atthe ofice desk with hands uplifted, and upou direcuion of the Sergeant touk tim to a cell; he did not lovk like @ man who had been drinking, nor did he act like one. Joseph Donahue, also an olticer of the Second | aod born in Iretund, who house and heard the Captain make sremark about the reporters putting something in the Papers that they had no rignt todo, or somethi 1o that effect; Pollock eaid:—“Captain, there Gareat many things as regards police matters that I have never reported;” tne Captain laugh- ingly said, “On. give us arest;” witness then went upeta ud soon after heard the report of pistol. Joun Crawford Pollock testified in hisown be- half, giving a statement presiousiy pablished. The case was then given to the jury, who rendered @ Verdict (o che effect that the shooting was purely accidental. Mr, Poilock was therejore discharged trom custody, The junerai of Captain Bourne will take place at one o'clock to-morrow, Wednesday, uvon which Occasion half th: police force ol the city will parade, Tre remains are to de interred in Green- ‘wood Cemetery. GLADSTONE ANSWERED. LECTURE BY REV, DR. M'GLYNN ON THE OFFICE OF THE PAPAL SUCCESSION. The Grst of a series of lectures, under the aus- pices of the Catholic Union of New York, was de- livered last night in the large ball of the Cooper Union by the Rev. Dr. McGlynn, The subject of | the lecture—“The UMice of Peter; Its Extent and Limitations”—gave the Doctor an admirable op- portunity to defend the Church against the attacks of Mr. Gladstone. The lecturer was introduced by Mr. Morse, Jr., the secretary of the Catholic Union, in & 1ew appropriate remarks. Whea Dr. McGlynn came forward he was réeveived with great applause by the vast audience, which flied every seat in the hall. On the platiorm were the Rev. Fathers Curran, Dr. Bortsell, Malone, of Williamsburg; McGovern, of Bergen Potnt, N. J., and the Councillors of the Union. The lecture, which was one of the Doctor's happiest and most eloquent efforts, was listened to with wrapt at- tention. The following is a synopsis of what he said:— That all men are born free and equal is pro- claimed as a self-evident proposition in our “glorious” Declaration of Independence. The | only sense in which this boasted proposition can be true 18 one based upon natural religion and confirmed by the teachings of revealed truth. If there !s no God, or, again, if we can have no knowledge of God, then it is but a mockery to talk of the self-evident equality of men. It would then be strictly true that might is right, and the only meaning that would remain tothe word ‘duty’ would be sabmission to a power that we dare not disobey. The very idea of right is but correlative with that of duty, and the duty implies the exist- ence of a superior power having aright to our allegiance. There can be no equal rights without the father- hood of God, and men who deny it put themselves out of court at the very outset, And if they are logical they must admit that they will only obey or Texpect any so-calied authority so long as it suits their pleasure, caprice or profit to do so. Conscience is the great anchor of ail authority. And there can be no doubt that the State may, as indeed it has often done, invade 'he sanctuary of conscience; and the apologists for such sacrilege virtually assert that the State 18 the sum of all virtues; that the State can do no wrong, and that no mau can have avy rights as compared with the State; that the State is supreme in all things; | that the state is God, and the ruler of the state | the divus /mperator (the divine Emperor). Such doctrine is simply the horrid monster of | pagan Cwrsarism, ruling over the abject and slavish mass of those “whose God is their belly and their end 18 perdition.” Such, in fact, has been the gain of the patriotic Germans in their erent for a iree and united fatherland, Prince Bismarck has told them, in tones of bitter contempt, that the subjective conscience has ne rights in the face of the objective jaw. t 18 particularly saddening to flud a Christian statesman like Mr, Gladstone, making use, for pure oses best known 10 himself, of this cry that in the ast analysis 1s pagan or worse than pagan— simply utheistic, Mr. Gladstone cannot surely deny the night of a Catholic to obey the dictate of conscience, a right we teel sure Mr. Gladstone would exercise in case the State ordered him to do what he knew to be wrong. The only difference between Mr. Gladstone’s action and a Catholic's, in such @ contingency, would be that he had formed his conscience on bis own private judg- ment, while the Catholic, besides such natural abilities as he may be able to command, has t lmumense benefit of the lignt shed upon conscience by the Christian religion as Christ himsel! chose to establish tt, in a living, perpetual body, with a well defined constitution and a living, speaking authority, teaching all tuinga whatsvever He (Corist) has commanded. Catholics in England, and if similar questions should arise here, Catholics in this country might, | with periect propriety, refuse to discuss with Mr. | Gladstone or any similar odjectur the force or | possible or provable bearing upon civil allegiance to the Vatican decrees, They might well resent | such chalicnge as an impertinence, and assert that they are no more called upon to prove their loyaity than Mr. Gladstone him- e sell or any man who believes in a God. may consider it fortunate that Mr. Gladstone, by his too {amous pampniet, has given occasion to | a full discussion of this subject. From such @ con- troversy the Church has nothing to fear. The | truth or the dogma aefined at the Vatican Coun- ctl, like toe definitions of every general council, from the first at Nice to the last at Rome, 1s founded on the evidence of the Word of God, the testimony of the tathers and the general voice 1 Cnristendom, Christ built a Church, founded a kingdom, formed @ household, gathered His sheep 1Dto a sheep: | jold, and constituted Peter (the rock) the founda. | Uon of the Churen, the ruler of the Kingdom, with power to bind and loose, made him the master and teacher of tobe househuid and shepherd of the flock. As the successor 0: Peter the Pope pos- sesses all his prerogatives, and the Counci! of the | Vatican in defining the jotalnbiisy merely pro- peed jor the explicit belie! of the faitniul woat ad always been implicitly believed as a doctrine contained in “the deposit of toe faith.” The proiession of jaith im tuis dogma made | by the Jathersofthe Council of Florence in the filteenth century is couchéd in the loliowing sol- emn words:—"We define tuat tne Apostolic See— that 1s, the Roman Pontiff—has the right ot pri- Macy over all the churches of the world; | ‘nat the Roman Pontiffis the successor o1 St. Peter; that he is the yery Vicar of Christ, | tue head of the whole Church, the tather and | teacher of all the faithful; that, in the person of St. Peter, he was entrusted by our Lord with tuil power to leed, clirect and govern the whole flock ot Christ.” Such 1s mauifestiy the doctrine taught by the acts of general couacils, as well as by the sucred canons. That the exercise of this power can never clash with the natural or the divine law is evident irom | the fact that they emanate from the same source— | Gou—and truth can never contradict itselt. The | words vi the Vatican Council plainly tell theextent ol the prerogative of intaliubilty. The Pope ls tue guardian and interpreter o: “the vepostt of the | faith”—that 18 to say, o! the truths Christ taught— | and {tis the prerogative and duty o! the Pope to | declare Whether a doctrine of taiuh or morals be among the truths taught by Christ. ‘This power of the Pope is_ hemmed in by numer- | ous and well detined imitations. He cannot pro- | claim anything as of Jaith which could jar with | tne natural law or reveaicd religion or contra- | dict any dogma previously deflned. There can then | be no danger that the Church will ivaue the realm of civii allegiance; she has never done so, jor her Divine Founder is with ner, Tne State had in every instaace of @ conflict been the ag- gressor. In the Middie Ages the Pope was the | great arbiter of nations. They submitted their disputes to him, and as the recognized head of | Christendom ue gave judgment, which was cheer- | fully submitted to except by nts. AS @ preacher, as @ private theologian, he might teach or puolish heresy; but addressing ‘‘the universal Chureh,”’ ex cathedra, he is gifted with iniallibuity in matters of faith and morals. | Mr. Giadstone’s expostulation ts likely to pro- | voke much bitter jeeling and perhaps persecu- tion, bat may the day be far distant when a con- flict between the state and the Church will rage in England. Here, in our favored Jand, there can be no danger ol such a strile, as long a8 we re- main faith{ut tothe principles of the fathers of the Republic. It was on tois account that two popes declared that the Church was treer in the United States than in any European country. May that ireedom be perpetual and our country shall have the biessing of Curist, the Shepherd and King. | FRIGHTFUL RAILROAD ACCIDENT. ' = A YOUTH KILLED AT THE MARKET STREET DEPOT. William R. Smith, a Newark Jad, seventeen | years of age, employed in Clark’s thread Jactory, was killed in a frighttul manner yesterday at the Market street depot, in Newark, of the | Pennsyivania Raliroad, it appears he jumped on | @ train in the forenoon at the Centre street depot, and while it Was moving in the other depot essayed to jump off, He jumped, but sipped ou the ‘irozen suow and roiled under the wheels of the cars. His head was shockingly bruised and | his arms mangled dreadiully. He wore his terri- bie injuries with heroism and was removed to the hospital. there being some hope that the ampnta- tion ot his arms migut save nis lie. The opera- tions were performed, but about three o'clock the boy died. His parents are frantic with griet. | w 4 A Did | CORONERS’ CASES. Mrs. Amelia Meddenneimer, a German Woman, | seventy years ob age, died suddenly at No, 120 First avenue from causes unknown and without medical attendance, Coroner Eickhom was noti+ fied tu hold an tuquest over the remains. | ‘The same Coroner was called to hold an inquest on the vody of James Gulen, fity-lour years of age fodging house ‘No.0 ‘Mulborsy stteets where ue 01 0. ulborry street, where be hed died suddenly without medical aid | | tion NEW YORK HERALD, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 22, 1874.—TRIPLE SHEET, STREET CAR OUTRAGES. The Lives of Citizens in Daily Jeopardy. AN INDIGNATION MEETING HELD. Judge Joseph F. Daly Demands Mounted Po- lice for Madison Avenue, Street car outrages coming slarmingly the best police force in as President Matsell has proudly denom!- nated it. They are now matters of almost dally occurrence, and a startling chapter might might be written irom the complatats which have been received at this ofice and which are freely expressed everywhere, not only that the most notorious thteves and pickpockets are allowed full sway in their operations, but robbers, garro- ters, roughs and biacklegs enjoy now aimost uo- stinted liberty to knock down and maim their vic- tims, to insult women, to throw men off the cars when they are tn their way, and, in fact, to do Just as they please. In presenting these facts great care has been used not to exaggerate or color them, for the effect which these disclosures must have upon nervous aud affectionate daughters, wives or sisters whose male relations and bread-winners ure generally late out at nignt must needs be most painful and alarming, and it would certainly be most cruei to them to unnecessarily increase their apprehensions. But the facts related below are true in every particu- lar, and they reveal the jaxity and rottenness of this beautiful police force in such a sigoal manner as to render their publication necessary. AN EDIFYING RETROSPECT. When, as was the case yesterday, the most re- spectable residents of a populous part of the city come togetuer ana calmly declare tuat their lives are no longer protected by the police, that they must arm themselves and patrol tne streets 1f they wished to reach their homes unmolestea— when it 1s no longer an unusual event to see rob- are, unfortunately, be. frequent, in spite of bers envert a car, brandishing aloit their pistois, | and aiter they are overpowered and thrown off shoot into tt alter it has started again on its way— then the time has come indeed to ask whether such things could exist if the police did its duty? This qaestion is now being asked by the people, who point to the fact that tne discipline tn the force is lax, that policemen are constantly seen standing together in groups of two or three, chatting pleasantly and sociably, while they ougnt to be making their rounds, and that it is conse- quently almost impossible to get a policeman when he is wanted, Thus a state of generul alarm and @ untversal feeling of insecurity have been created which is most injurious to the cause of public order, People say that they must go about with their revolvers; and what are the consequences of this barbarous custom is seen in such cases as the death of Captain Gouine, in Brooklyn. New York, in one word, is now in one of those panics which it will take the greatest efforts of “the best Police force in the world” to overcome. ONE OF THE CAUSES. There is no doubt that some vf the dangers of our street cars are due to the shocking system of overcrowding them, by which the thieves and pickpockets elude detection. If the cars—as is invariably the case im European countries—would in every instance contain only as many persons | as can be comiortably seated, the thieves would find their operations rather more dificult than | they do now; and il greater care were exercised in the selection of conductors the charge that they are in collusion witu roughs and pickpockets and aid them in @ covert manner would not be so frequently made. In fact, the doings of the con- ductors come but too often under the category of “wutrages.’”? It was but a short time ago that the writer saw a conductor kick an old gentleman off the platform because he had taken the liberty of pulling the strap when he (the conductor) had patd No attention to his polite request to stop. From among the many complaints about street car outrages the following may be instanced, which was toid by a gentieman of high repute, but | who is, unfortunately, still insuch terror of the lawless bands that range the streets unhindered that he deciined to authorize the pnodlication of his name. The story was told in the most straight- forward, unnesitating manner; and subsequent inquiry proved that it was true in every partica- lar. in this instance, it will be observed, no po- liceman was attracted by the shooting, although two of the ‘guardians of tne peace’ were seen strolling down Madison aveuue engaged in a so- ciable talk. This feature of the case will not be con- sidered @ novel one; ior almost every one has remarked that the vicious habit of talking on street corners has completely mastered the police force and overvorne allits ideas of vigilance and discipline; and now let the gentleman alludeu to above tell ais story in bis own words :— A STORY AS A SPECIMEN. “On Saturday night I was riding home in a Madison avenue street car. The car was crowded with ladies and gentlemen, who had evidently come from places of amusement in the city. Nothing unusual had occurred up to Forty-tourth street and Madison avenue; but as the car turned ont of Forty-iourth street into Madison avenue three powerfully built men, who had the appear- ance o} sireet roughs, jumped suduenly upon the car. All of a sudden we became Aware thit a violent scuMe was going on upon the rear plat- jorm, Where the conductor was standing, and it ‘Was inanilest that the scoundrels were trying to throw him off the car. This, of course, created consideratle commotion in the car, some of | the ladies crying out that there was fgnt | and making @ rush Jor the iront platiorm, The conductor had meanwhile been pitched of the piatform and the two other ronghs darted Jorward into the interior. in the centre o1 the car @ young lady was standing who was 10 compan: with heriather and motner, They were seated, while their daughter was standing. One of the | men flung tis arms violentiy round tuis young lady, intending to grab her diamond earrings (deautilul soutaires Which must have veen a carat weight), The passengers were so taken by sur- prise that for the first few seconds they seemed almost paralyzed. As soon as they had realized the situation they came of course to the young lady's rescue, and alter a brief but flerce struggle, and With the assistance o! tae conductor, who had meanwhile jumped again on the rear platform. they overpowered the thieves and threw them of the car. RESPONSIBILITY OF THE POLICE. “Ifa policeman had been near taey would have given them in charge, but you know that the Police are never to be found when wanted, and, alter waiting a while, the car started agaio on its | way, most of the passengers being in a hurry to | Teach home owing to the great nervousness of their ladies, The young lady, who had been al- most crushed in the arms of the poweriul assail- ant, had already fainted away irom the irigat. Asche oar started tnese thieves, who evidently did not dream of aby interruption hy the poiice, began firtng inio tt with their revolvers, and you can imagine the effect that this new proceeding created among the women, all of whom were al- ready nearly irigtenea out of their wits, However, | as luck Would nave Ll, NObody was injured, and we were soon beyond the reach of their revolvers. All this, you inust remember, had taken considerable time, snd yet no policeman had appeared on the scene, All the way from Forty-fourta to Futieth street no policeman could be seen; but as we passed Fiweth street we, of course, saw two poitcemen together who were chatting pleasantly and walking @ionz in the most leisurely manuer possible, (hese worthies had not taken the slight- est notice of the sivoting, although they must certainly have heard the shots, aad they seemed in nO manner concerned about it. AN APTEAL TO TH RALD. “Now these outages have 0 inc so frequent that tt has pecome a dangerous matter to rae on acar in the upper portion o: the city, and [ come to the HERALD to see if tt cannot procure us Tele. In all these cuses of outrage tne police are always bevond reach, and if they can do Nothing to give us salety we shall take oor protection iuto our own hands, Almos: every night, when I walk home, 1 near firing in the vicinity ot Sixty-seventh and Sixty-eighin streets, between Futh aud Madison avenues, and a bro- | ther-in-law of mine, wWuo lives near by, ts con. stantly veing told or men who are beiag knocked down and robbed in Madison avenue. All this has producea a perfect pauic in that ne ghborhood, and iis residents are compelled to go about armed at Migat, in order to procect themseives against these garroters. ported in the papers, the police evidently taking great care to husi them up, lor woat reason every bouy can imagine." ANOTHER SPECIMEN, But the general insecurity of the streets in that portion of New York Where this occurrence took place will be well Niustrated by another story Which Was build tne writer yesterday. A gentie- was turning from Forty-seveath street into adison avenue three oor = tour nights ago when he was followed by three sus- ptcious looking men, He saw them, and, being alarmed at their conduct, he erst and pre- tended to be waiting for «car, They stopped too, and be theu pursued bis wa; grey avenue, He bad noticed. however, ti of tae thieves the worid,” | And what 18 most remarkavie | | avout these assauits is that they are never ree | darted off toward Fifth avenue, one neariy reached Forty-ninth street ruoning from Fitth avenue toward evidently tohead him of, The two others at the same time close at his heels. It was desperate situation, and he took itin ata CO So he stopped aud backed against 4 fence in that block, drawing, at the same time, bis revolver, The ieliow who had headed him off now came te ask him what time it was. “GO and look at the clock,” was the determined auswer, “Oh, Lonly want to know the time,” the thiet replied, drawing nearer. “ityou come near me I'll shoot,’t was there tort, snd the thief then drew back. But the sit tion Was nevertneless no encosregene one. out turning bis | could not warn either way with | back to one of bis assailants. Luckily, however, # | Car approached at the time, and ne went for that and jumped upon it, unharmed. This very same gentleman had @ stimilar encounter three weeks | agoin that vicinity, and never issues forth a | Right without being armed to the teeth. | AN INDIGNATION MEETING, Quite 9 pumber o! residents of Madison svenn¢ and the streets crossing it tn ‘he above mentioned beigiborhood held aa {adignation meeting yester day, and resolved to patrol the avenue themselves, abd be in readiness to shoot the very first garroter who molested tuem. “We'll ‘Bay Ridge’ them” was | the expression most frequentiy used. The police | Were denounced in unmistakable terms, and 8 de | termination was maniiest to take the law inte their own bands if its paid officers would DOt pros tect their lives and property, ANOTHER CASF ON THE THIRD AVBNUB. The numerous outrages in the Third avenue cars have been frequently reported in these columns; but a most sbametui instance, which came undet the writer’s personal notice, may here be ad A voor, worthy, young map, who had lost one of his arms, was tiding home, at about three o'cloc® in tbe morning, having come from one of the newspaper offices in Park row, where he had been engaged all nignt. When the car was opposite the Go tum suloon, in the Bowery, four or five rub fians came juinping out. of that place, accosted Dim, Wille he was quietly standing on the rear piatiora smoking & cigar, in the most ferocious and blas phemous manner, aud, without turther ado, pitched him headlong off the car, which was in rapid motion at the time. He might have bees kulled by the ail; but, by mere fortune, he escaped with injuries which are somewhat serious, but now fatal. ‘These thieves evid.ntly wanted njoy full possession of the rear platform for the st execution of their raseally designs, JUDGE DALY TO THE FRONT, Judge Josep F. Daly, 0: the Cours of Common Pleas, who lives in Sixty-second street, between Filth and Madison avenues, addressed a letter ta Superintendent Walling yesterday call ah tention to the frequent outrages in 10D. avenue, and requesting that he station mounted olice on that avenue, between Forty-secund and igbty-aixth streets, The Superintendent, when requested to furnish a full copy of this important letter for publication, decitned to do go in the moss emphatic manner, and also refused to say whether he would take any action upon it, and, if so, what tuis action would be. In fact, he retused to con- | Verse on the subject in any manner whatsoever, without stating his reasons for assuming sach ap attiiude toward a question whica concerns the safety of the public. STOKES. AN ATTEMPT TO HAVE HIM PARDONED—A CLATE BY HIS FRIENDS THAT HIS TERM OF I~ PRISONMENT WILL END NEXT MONTH. Tne friends of Edward S. Stokes, who killed Colonel James Fisk two years ago, seem doter- mined to leave no stone unturned in order to get him out of State Prison before his term expires, The last move. it would appear, was made by big father, who wrote a letter to Governor Dix some little time ago urging upon the Governor that, as his son would really on the 6th of January have been “imprisoned” for four years (the term for which he was seutenced), he (ihe Governor) should pardon the convict. Under date of tne 17th inst. the Governor replied that as, according to the “calculation” made in the letter sent to bim, the convict’s term of imprisonment would not expire until six days alter the expiration of his own term of office, he considered that fact “an in- superable obstacle” to any interference on his be- haif The calculation that Stokes, who was only sentenced on the 29th of October, 1878, @ little | over @ year ago, will have served out | his four years by the 6th of next month is a very ingenious one. First and foremost, it is claimed by his friends that he ought to be re leased because he was imprisoned from the 6th | of January, 1 when he shot Fisk, until October | 29, 1873, when he was flnally sentenced alter three trials, a period of about one year and nine months; secondly, that he has already served OVER ONE YEAR AT SING SING; and, thirdly, that according to the section im the State Prison law of 1874, which gives the Wardens of the State Prisons power to grant “for good condact’’ a commutation of irom two to four monthsin every year ofa convict’s term of impris- onment he will ve enti(led to a commutation of two months on each of the first two years and four months each on each oO! the last two years, drift of this ciaim can be better appreciated by the loliowing tabie:. i Mouiha ‘care. Mor Daye, Imprisonment in the police station and the Tombs. trom January 6, 1872, to October 29, 1873... 9 Ac. ually irved (say up toy day) in State Prison from Uciober 29,1373 to Decemsber 21, 1874 .... . 1 1 Commutation under law of 1874, on four years term 1 Totsleeee It will be seen, if this pec weight 10 It, and Stukes was CT of Governor Dix’s term ot office, that act would save Le convict his citizenship, whereas tf the claim of the Heh i jonmenot in the City Prison shou'd rightfully be considered @ part of the jour year terin, aud ne should be allowed to go scot iree on the 6th oi January, his rights as a citizes Would be swept away. His iour years bogan op October 29, 1873, and withthe full commutation allowed by law—twelve wonths—nis term of 1m. | prisonrent wil noc termtuate till he bas served TWO YBARS LONGER. | The stress pnt upon the fact that he was im oned tor two years before he was finally senteuced was made apparently to influence tue Governor to pardou him, and Mr. Dos Passos, the prisoner's jJawyer, said yesterday to a HERALD reporter thas | the statement that he intended to get Stokes ous on babeas corpus, and move jor his discharge op the 6th of next month on the ground that client had really served tour years’ imprisonment bad no foundation in tact. 28 si 8 B ANOTHER ARBEST—TESTIMONY OF THE BAB> KEEPER. Detectives Cashman and Stephens, of the Fifth Precinct, on Sunday evening arrested Patrick Mclilhany, @ laborer around the docks, whom they found stowed away aboard a boat lying near the Fuiton ferry on the Brooklyn side, and yesterday brought him before Coroner Woltman. The prise oner was suspected of being concerned with Edward McLaughlin and James Gore in commit. ting the aeadly assault upon Mr. Jobn Stuart, a§ No, 215 West street, on the night of the 8th inet, Henry Miller, the parkeeper on duty at the time of the fatal afray, appeared before the Coro: ner and gave his testimony, in which he says thas On the night of the occurrence McLaughlin end Gore meeting Mr. Stuart in the porterhouse above nawed asked him to tuke @ arink. He fe) that he had drank enough, but said he drink with them. Ashe was stepping up to the | bar Gore said to Stuart ‘1 understand i34 have been boasting that you can wuip any dam! Irish sou of a b—b that hangs around these cor ners.’ Mr. Stuart denied using wny such late | guage, said he did not come there to nave a dime turbance and reiused to drink with them, Me | Laugolin then said to Stuart, “1 am an Irish and you can’t lick me,” to which Stuart repit {can whip either one of you.’ At this McLaugh. lin became muca excited and struck Mr, St with nis fst, und, puiling out a club which he had concealed under ms coat, dealt Mr. Stuart at least two plows with iton the tead. Gore endeavored to sirike Mr. stuart witha heavy water pitcher which he seized irom the counter, but Was prée vented from doing so by the witness, who no niow struck except by McLaugolin, ‘The prisoner Mcllnany, Deing present at fight, was sent to the House o! Detention asa ness. Miller, the barkeeper, was required to gtve bail to insure his suture appearance, | DEATH FROM INTEMPERANCE, On Sunday evening Mary Gray, who had bees very intemperate in her habits, was found by her daughter lying dead on the floor of her room, m the rear of the premises No, The husband of decease! reported the death at the Fourteenth precinct station house, and some of deceased's relatives insinuating that she hid died from tue edects ol vivience received at iis hands, he was detained Lo await tne result of al investie gation belore Coruner Eicknof, Subsequently Witham Gray, the husband, wag | conducted to the Coroner's uitice, Where he @ statement under vath, in wich he set forth that he leit home on Sunday morning, add, reruroing | home late tn the alternoon, ound Ms Wie pas | on the floor, Believing that she was draak, usual, he paid no attention to her, but svon ater ward found that she was dead. Ue denied striking or otherwise abusing her. iy fl is A post-mortem examination on the the day showed that deain resnited oa of rather irom wtomperauce, accordingly dscnateed ;