The New York Herald Newspaper, November 1, 1874, Page 6

6 COMPULSORY EDUCATION. —_—-————- Taking the Census of All the Children in the City. te ee School Trustee and Police 4 Visitation. An Educational and Social Map of New York. THE CIrY AND STATE LAW. Iulerviews with the President of the Board of Education, City Superintendent of Schools and Father Preston, peer iy: Pe tt J\PERESTING = EDUCATIONAL =—s DETAILS, of a census of the children of the city, ction of the Board of Education and ce, has commence, ts object is 1 boards in a condition to carry out the (he Compulsory Education act, which to operation on the ist of January next, SCHOOL TRUSTRES! OENSUS taken In the preparation of this s now being pushed forward yof the scsool trustees. Each o ascertain the children who This retura will be handed are attending schoo over fo the school teachers of the several districts and compared with the records of the school, This wiigivean exact and complete return of the actual atie in the public and parochial jants slly. For the more complete fulft- ose the fol’owing report of the ne Board of Education on Bylaws, £ to. nd Qnalifeations was snbmitted and a ‘opted at a necting Of the Beard held en the 2ist THE REPORT. mmittee on Bylaws, Elec whout was reierred the su’ 3s and Qualifics- yect of compulsory port Mat they have siven the tion and have held several meet have consulted and sta other States ior securing att hool who neglecied voluntarily at the conclusion that we 4 ROW, a8 the Dasis of rurt us of all the persons in cacn yattend and those who do not a t insirucied at home, and w! ng school, rons, to State of last Winter In relation with a siatement ot the nd the name and restdenc anor employer, ts; ether the child, if Hot attend fourteen weeks during t 3 hot. wh ther any physical or sted sous to render such i ble. With coples of in the hands of the teach. ig E hool, children in oo ant do of a child sts number ot th to attend ole ought © can be me the m7 present rs and with “that BY ath Tespeet 0 whieh ix who it ers assure ve sus inade by ¢ es thro ail be mate the police, You ed andi shown to the Potice mM, showing the substance ot the " proposed n Sree xed ay complete censt whole city by ang the form. in said bla use of the ward the recommen that the foil be adopted :— Reroived. That the clerk sary blank» printed ia owing this Board have the neees- with the accompany - wen Committee on Bylaws, F: Ocronen 2 ‘The form r following par age and residence of the chi parent or gpardian; how emp place ol employment; name and reside ployer; hes he or soe attended ithin the last year, and weere; instr J ut ume, and, tf so, i lust year; has fon of the child been ace for the past impracticable or inexpedt how unemployed ¢ or other matiers, 2 WOMK OF POLICE. rhe Mave been filed ap duplicate 1 to tue Police Hoard, who ren ris copies will be forw Will instruct pundsman to ta he censns ©} lus beat, is g 2 blocks, and as nay vib ocompatton Ol chiidren im his beat woo do attend any Bei This retarn will supploment the return for the same atsirier made by the school trustees asto the actual attendants on the school, and both wik u be forwarded to the Board of Hadn- cation for action thereon. it ts expected that this may he educational condition Of this crt ve one of the most interesting aud suggé cords the Board of Education bas yet out the social, industrial and in- teliectual status of the youth of the city, THE LAW. ow 1s given, compiete, the Computsory Edu. cation act, passed by tue Legislature May 11, 18) and witch i# operative on and after the first day of Jeuaary xt throughout the State of New York. its main y lov tiou of each child in Engi grammar, enier¢ coding, 1 ari Teen weeks in cw ivy a writing, nmetic for mot less than four- ar. Ii enforces a penalty of >uployer of chiidven who vio- ny fale y prevencing the attendance of any cuild on instruction, Sebool trustees at cer- tain y is ¢ year ave to make an examina. tion oO! 31) industrial manulctories Where ehlidren areemploye). in of inability on the part of the par to provide texc books tae trustees have divcretiona for the use of euch power t vide text hooks bid, In ca of parents’ ima- bility to eniorce the atter e of a child the child is dealt with by the trustees as an habitaal tees of tho p civil justices and wustices have jurisciction aw to offences eomarren 4 A® Act to sceure to chiidren th ts of element education, passod May 11, 1875, three-fituis heimg pres ent. ‘The people of the State of New Fenate and Assembly. do enact asf Srertoy L—All p ehiidren shail instr structed, tn speling. koography other ork, represented in Who have the care of them to be Sn 1ish grammy cause sich chi nol mt least fourteen Weeks in ea st of which attendance shail be eousecutive, or to be in-tructed regularly at home at least tourteen weeks jn caen sear In spelling, reading, writing, knglish gram war, qeography and arithmetic, woless the physical or Mental coudition ot the child is such as to rewder such aticudwnee or instruction inexpedfent of impracticable condi wader (he age af oMreod sears sual ae NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 1, 1874.-QUINTUPLE SHEET, : Seen Gee public soool ta th ie ae 6 $0) trict or the city where suck child is, unless such child shall ha ‘tended some public or private day school where insiruction was given by a teac! ua phy. instract in spell % reading, writing, lish gramuar ai larly imstracted at home in said branches by some per- lu ‘the samme, at least fourteen ‘0 Weeks Next preceding any ai every year in which such child shall be empioved, aud shail, at the time of such employment, deliver to’ the employer a certificate in writing, signed by the teacher OF 4 school trustee of the district o! 4 school, certifying to sneb attendance of instruction; and aay person who shall employ child contrary to the this sect |, for each offence, forteit and penalty of $50 we treasurer or chiet fseai officer the city, or supervisor of the town, in which suc! offence shall occur, the sald sum or penalty, when so |= emploved Dy any person to labor in 4 Fa . if Selool district in which the offence o-curred. ‘or public schoo! or union school . la the months of september and ar, to examine into the sit the children employed in all manufacturing establivh- ments in such school distrte and incase any town 0! ¥ 18 not divided Into sclool distriets, It shall, for the poses of the examination provided for in this section, be livided by the school authorities thereof imo dis tricts, and the said trustees notified ot their respect! | districts on or before the first day of January of and 1 trusice or trust shall ascertain r all the provisions of this act are duly observed aud report all violations thereot to the treasurer or chief fiscal ofc f said city or supervisor ot said town. | Ou such examination the proprietor, superintendent or manazer of said establishment shail, on demand, ex- hibit to said examining trustee a Correct List of all children petween the ages of cigit and fourteen yea | employed in said establishment with the said certiticates of attendance on schoo! or of instruction. See Every parent, ¢uardian or other person hav control and charge ot any chiid between the ages ol eight and fourteen years, Who has been temporarily dis- charged trom employment in any business, in order to be afforded an opportan to receive instruction or scho | ing, shall send uch Cand to some public or privat school, or shall cause such child to be regularly ip- strue'ed as atoresaid at home tor the verivod for which of every schoo! disti in every town and ot Pebruary ot eac such child may have beenso dis barged, to the exient | husbands were in lunatic asylums, unless the of at least fourteen weeks in allin each yea i ndanee or instraction inexpedient or sehool rthe president of any Union School, s no sneh offices, then such officer as the n ot suid city Or town may designate, e1 and empowered to see that sections is netrre extoreed, and to report in ions thereof to the treasurer or chief or of his chy, OF To The supervisor of h any person who shall Violate any provision of : ey ol such viola Ts above named. for pay to the treas or ah ef city, or to the supe: of otfence has ocew: e sum of $1. ffence shail, for each suceeeaing olen feitand pay to tie treasurer of said city 1, 1or- or supervisor i said town the sum of $5 for each and 0’ ek, not exeseding thir e year, during which he, iten notle : at have comply w said provisions; the suid ded w the public school hich the offence o¢ Tn every case arising under this act where the Parent, guardian or other person having the control of Any child between the said Yeurs is Unable to provide such child tor said fourieen S with ie text-books required to be furnished to enable such child to attend school for said period, and to the said trustee, the said 'trus- dl textbooks f weeks, tor the w and ihe shail he pai eof said or tieate of ee, speci turuisued tor the use of such chita. sxc. 7. In case any person haying the control of any child, between the ‘ages of eight and fourteen years, is ubable to induce said child to iourteen weeks in each your, ing to said trustee, the said chi the date of delvery t ti writing, be deemed and dealt with as an habitual tra ant, and said person shail be relieved of ail penalties in. for said year after said dave, wader sections 1, 4 of this act as to sueh child. | Sec. & ‘The Board of kdueation or Public Instruction, | by whatever name it may be ealied in eac y, and the trustees of the schooi districts and Union School in eacn town, by an mative vote of a majority ot said. tras. Ata meeting or meeangs to be calles tor thls pure * notice in writing trustee, said of ‘the: nthorized and em the Istday of Janu. -angements, cerning havitual truants and children beiween said ages of eight and tourteen yours who may be found wandering about the strecis or Dubie places of such cuy er town during the school hours of the school day of the term of the public schooi of paid town, having no lawtul occupation of busi- up i ignorance; and suid provisions, 1es and regulations shail he such as nt, be most conducive to the wel- jare Of such children and to the good order of such ci or town; ant shall provide saita aces for tie dis- ciplne and ingiruction and con went, When neces expense of the sam city or the md school for the said id shail so state in writ- Jd shall, from ft wee ot sail! sti ren, and may reauive the sid of the and constables oi towns to entorce their 1 rogalations; provided, however, that rrangements rales aud regwiations etteet as laws for said several crues und nail have been a ot ‘the i t towns wid by a justier 1 to Cach trustee of each school distr public or Union school of said eity er town. trustee or sald 1 keep ane copy thereot posted in a conspicu- e iN or. Upon stich school Louse, in lis charge se In like manner the mended and revised o1 the peace, civ ces shall have jurisdueuon within th ns and cites of all ofiences and of all ac for naites or luesdeseribed in this act, of that may be described in said provisions, arrangements, ruies and regulations aachorized by section Sot this act. Ail ae- fines and pe this uct shall be Tr or chiel fiseal of the town, to whom all be brought by and tinder rlsive or trustees, or said offi- Boanl of Raucatior. Two ‘weeks’ attenda: at @ half-time or evening school _sivall, for uit plteposes of this act, be ed as one week a day scitout. take effect on the Ist tay of sact sh See. } Jannary, 187 OPPNIONS AS TO TH Mr. Wilitam H. Neilson was culled apon by a reporter of LERALD for ths Purpose ot ascer- Taiuing his judgment us Ww the effect of the law and tts probab’ the poor. Mr. Eda jon, and therejore ) nority. He said that he had not the slightest ws, on Is chaiiman of the Board of yt of the pra | goo Of the iaw. The effect s pa , ady ianuest. There was @ i trendance that sormerly in tae st } antit had been traced to the con- Bclousnes* On tle pavt O! parenis that they would ih compelied to send their children to school soon, and tuerefore they had now made # yirtie of a coming necessity, and had sent their cttidren votuptarily. | Tals hadsbeen jound to ve the accual iact im tae case Of several scwools Where there was an in- crease on the average atienoanece, Though the law was peremptory in it® provisions and penal where they were rot Imilied, it was the inten- tiom of the Poard of Eaueation to carry out its provisions as meretinily and as cousiterately as . In these hard times i was eminently ® nut increase the buvdens of the 3 thought tue Board comm meet cases of tus kind turough tie two provisions of the act, which allowed attendance la evening sen hd an sppropriation on be- halt of the ciaidren whose parents were unabie to provide ior ihe incwdental expenses of the educa- He had noi Use shadow of a dont as to the absolute necessity vad wisdom of tue act. Mr. Neury Kicdle, the City Superintendent of ools, sail that the practical eflect of tue tiftl- law iu New \or& would be that ie have 10 increase the number of tue and provebiy the stam of the sehoois. Parents generaily, to o: thelr ciiidgen were of im- viding tae necessurtes o1 life, vali themseives of the privileges gave them alscrenon to send hool ior an extended period, Option that ultumately there would that this ment of the would Board heirchudren to WAS OF sea: aifficulty in dealing with tie iren. It possibly might be found o cstabisn speeiat sebools lor raction, Tt! was a diiticulty of similar racter under the | Present system, and whieh diMculty, under the Compnisory Education law, would certainly be Intensificd, J& Was that 01 McOrvigtule and imsub- ordimate boys, 10 every day were being dis- missed irom the senool, the Hoard toe "und the result would be the ative pants fai per porai Phe i joy che substitution of cor- boys of this cuaracter. Preste raland cese of rat fl approves of Hdveotion act. As far a8 118 prin- 1, tbat of obliguig (he education iiuren, 1t meets with nis entire support. the decati of ¢ W he thinks (hat there are | principles involved winieh he, 14 a Catholic, onjects to. provisions of | sec. d.—Itshall be the duty of the trusiee or trustees | r | wanton extravag ondition of the cliild is sucn as to | rhe tras‘ce or trustees of any schoo! district | wes of eight and firteen | busti 14, jr cent; in Bristol, 33 per cent; in New- 7 aa | oa barca im or tg er ona m be % r cent, and in Notting! | r ty | ‘60 per ord, 45 per ceat; im Hull, rule, the Seah She ns poo! give aifficuities Bus una) ir duty character. dishearte: uto the circumstances of those who re: failas it advances to ma) palpable the law. Out of 100 prosecutions under the Elemep- Deauty of that luminary whose lo they cannot © lary Education act which he had conducted during Wolly hide, is now far spent. are more Pacowerting hes q to school attendan Sore Week reas: not Sacommon among parents chee comply: r > mld Fottne most he ob- verse picture was sadly too iamiliar in the expert- | ence oO! those Who have opportunities of eating i the last few weeks, lu only 5 cases were the de- fendante widows—some of these being tule, disso- Sets a emanate oe eo pies It 1s the genius of the balpit ‘and the wants | Of the manulacturer that must determine the em- ployment of the ki here obtained. Tura Bow to the future of American ar Like every human ot | hopes and fears, Yet assuredly it more of hope. The glvom that has hung over and accom- panied the course of American art, like mists which gather round the sua and which seldom anxious to promote and protect art, the people more impressed by thelr’ humanising inguence, lute characters—in 4 cases the defendants were more anxious to extend It, to make out a com- ocouplers of Jarms, 2 were shopkeepers, 1 an inn- paid, tobe adaed “to the public school movey of the | keeper, 1 was a hawker, 1 was & Woman who had been deserted by her hi il were ordinary laborers, Ww" ose earnings would range irom 15s, to 24s, per week, and the remaining 76 were all skilled ition of | workmen, some of them able to earn about £3 per week, but to often spending more in drink and ance than would suffice to pro- vide a tolerably expensive education tor families _ of double the present size. On the other nand, | the average weekly income per head (less rent) of | the lamilies WhO are assisted by the Board in Keep- ing thetcculldren atschool, either free or at re- duced charges, amounts in Sheffield to about 28. 2d., and Out Of 553 school orders granted up to | the end of jast month, 244 were given to widows | (many Of whom were engaged as charwomen) ; 69 to mothers who had been deserted by their husbands; 119 skilled workmen, who had either very lange families or were sick or disabied | (60 bemg unfit to follow any employment) ; 79 laborers, some of them with very large tamilies, and others unable, on account of: age or infirmities, to do full work; 6 mothers, whose husbands were 8 fathers, were = blind; women, 9 bawkers and 7% mothers, whose In_ Leeds the weekly income per head, less rent, of the 1am- {ites assisied range from Ig. 3d. to 2a, and in some cases to 2s. 6d, While in Liverpool uone exceed 2s. 6d., and in Bristol the average is alittle over zs. per week, A case was cited showing tnat it was sometimes greatly to the benefit of families that they showid be driven to seek shelter in tne workhouse rather thin be allowed to subsist on the scanty earnings of children growing up Ja ig- | Borance, or worse, amid squalid misery and temp- tations to vice and crime, The diMicuity of ‘mind. ing the baby” shouid be met by the establisninent in prison; of day nurserics or by other means, and the solu- | tion of other questions which might be urged should be met by similar measures, On the whole he was sanguine enough to believe that the obsta- cles to the progress of universal education were hot such as to Warrant any doubt as to uitimate success, and he trusted the day was not far dis- tant when compulsion would be little thougut of by reason of the absence of any necessity ior its extensive enforcement. PRUMARY ART EDUCATION IN AMERICA. To Taw Eprror oF THR HERALD:— Reading with much pleasure your able editorial in Saturday's edition of the HERALD headed “Pri- , Mary Education in Art,” I am led to trespass justices and police | has | These the law compels | Such as ure proanved are the With a few remarks on your vaiuable columns and to inquire, ‘What will be the probable future con- dition of American art!’ which possesses so much Valuable and general interest, and which, by asso- ciation, awakens a feeling almost personal In its most favorabie solution, cannot, perhaps, be with more propriety considered than at the present time. Now, the law which governs men in their indi- vidual character Is applicable also to thelr social character. We examine our own career, we scru- tinize national progress for the same end. mncans may be different, but the purpose is itenti- cal—moral good. In one case observation is exer- cised toward formation of character; in the other it is directed toward the general condition of mental pursvit, In both the design is to insure advancement. So greatis the tendency of the mind, however, to individualize its action, that in extensive views of human lite the process of inquiry becomes inducted upon principles strictly analagous to persons. Hence it 1s that narrow, limited zea! is engendered, which writes the history of civilization with the s,1rit of party, and that events are commented upon, not as the resuit of general canses, but as particular inct- dents. Apart, however, from these considerations, the knowledge of our comparative national con- dition as regards intellectual qualities, competing powers, commercial greatness, social advantage or disparity, 1s. of all destined to the pubdiic servi the most important, No great State cam eXist without it; felt its infuence. But not to any nation is this Knowledge of so much importance a3 our own. We asa people are apt too devoutly to worship that wisdom’ that never goes abroad, Our government, our schools, our modes of sales and barter, may be all good. We are inclined too fondly to revere them as the best. Ii weaithy we purchase the excelleace we want; if poor we despise it; if trading we estimate it not according to its intrinsic merit or quality, but the market, Now, the evil consequences of this system we bave felt. We treat the productions of art as simple articles of commerce; we have left them, like hay, straw, brick and cotton, to find a market | working among the calldren of | where they could; and, proud of our mechanical ‘oke 28 One having Power, we have used it like a brute torce, sepa- | rated and unconnected with design. Thus, like Frankenstein, we have been punished by the demon ot our own Creation, ‘The progress of art upon the Continent of Ea- TOve 18 the result Of very diferent causes. Chris. tian art arose tn Italy ir m the retigion wotch placed Lnatiwyored laud at the head of modern yiligatiod. As that reigion spread art was non- ed, -Kings were its patrons; miguty prine Were its protectors. With the people it became a religious jecling. Not dissimilar was tts condition in Germany and France, But in this country art ‘sor the million” bus ever been an alien, What action, then, shal! pe taken to give it the impor, tance It must acquire + Art is a property now in- herited by the rich, worked tor by the poor, appre- chited a8 & source Oo recreation and ackno siedged power of commercial prosperity. One would aruraily sappose that we, so devoutly @ commercial peopie, would) scek not alone its extension, would desire not only to create @ market in every spot inhabited n, but the command Oo. that a by y means within our power. Kut itis MOt So; tur, MOLWILNstanding our resources, the enormous capital employed, our great power in machinery, the enterprise of oar merchants, the Skil and unceasing mdastry of our artisans, our interiorty m the art of desiga is openty as- serted by the immense Import of foreign goods, solely from that cause. Nor is this all. It is showa that ail idea of originality is abandoned by our manilocturers; that whatever the articie of trade Its GeSign Was either a direct piracy or to be pirated ¢ Shortest notice; that to blend, iml- | te ord t the productions of ot! rule. it is their bread, sides. in decor branches of the siik trade, calico printing, paper hangings, and the gold or siiver smich's trade or | art, the practice 1s the same, This ts, perha natural; the natlonal govern- ment or the Slates never takiug any sleps toward establishing schvols of design, that boing left to the manificence of privaie individuals. ‘The.@ are also otuer reasons, f class artists are employed none exist who could supply the manufacturers with orivinal designs. prouuctions of those wiaequainted with all but the merest elements of drawing, devoid oi al! educated taste, uninstructed by any examples but those common | in the trade: ignorant of proporuon, perspec. tive, Jorm, and continuity oO: outline, beauty of color, and unblessed with any, or even the slightest, Knowledge ol 1t as @ question of science, Al the nest the desiguer is leit to grope on une assisted, and his work is tue mere result of talent ungnide’d by Knowledge. We Can mantfacture, but we cannot design. In the city of New York neariy hati the popue | Thus the spectacle is exhtoited of a nation enabled lation belonged ty the Cathoue Charca, whiten cer- | to produce as good an article as regaras matertal, tainly bad one-half of the children, He yet unable to compete, and even exciuded irom thought thas the census of the chil- | Competition, with the toreign artisc, and thet about to be taken Would show upon their own land, by a wi The Cocholies could not, on this. groans, send ty on couscientinus err chiiaren to the public scusois, vecount of What 19 generally known a8 “the dimienity,” For this’ reagon parociiat nestablished in the city, number. ». What the Cathoiles say 1s When we educate children, and pay our proportion of the lax, nave we no right in justice to Ollr share Of public money, which We as well aa others hay ifrivated? We say, thereiore, ‘ther remove aii taxes for education, or give to us our j ofthe jund.’ We say that every reli- gious dea mination which has its own schools,— and every one ought to be at liberty to have them, | —shall draw ita proportion the sum raised by general iaxation, according to the number of children which it eau s, We know also that, ag a matter of econe nis is of importance, | in- mac #4 irom (th cut | imation we can edacate the than the public schools can THE LAW IN BNOLAND, Mr. Moss, Cierk of the Sheifieid Schoo! Board, read an interesting and exiaustive paper on | “Compulsory Kdncation and the school board System" velore the recent meeting of the Social setence Congress, In reviewing the early prog- ress of scnool board Work tue writer quoted sta- tistics snowing, among Other results, the increase which had been cansed in the number ol chidren aitending ent elementary schools im alew huge towns Where bylaws under the seventy. fourth section oF the “bnglish ace had been for some time in force. At Liverpool, where, owin: tothe migratory character ot the population an other local causes, tue operations of the Board bad been nonstaily diMenit, an moreasé of @ little over 24 per cént was reported in the number of children ia average attendance at effictent cle- mentary schools. Simdlur advance; vances of our organs | ildren much cheaper | and Gerinany schools oi cesign have been Tn Manenesrer thore had been & | all our efforts shouid be directed, in Birmingham the increase was | pation of the pupil may be it ts not incuinbent on j if Of Knowledge im design! Now, what 13 the cause? Tne want of schools of design in every large city for the ine struction ol our workman and tue rising young ; artisan. We are as men endowed with every attribute of physical power, yet unendowed with reason vo give that power effect, like the barbaric chef of oid, in whose domains the precious metals abotnied, but who sufered them to pass into the possession of every trater irom inability to use m properly himself, The importance of the connestion hetween manutactures and art las always veen admitted, In Greece artists arose from the manufacturim, districts, and twey excelled in every vraned ol high art. Sehoois o! design were lirst introanced in France by Colbert, mnder the auspices 01 Lould XIV, and irom that period have been widely dite fused, In every maniiactiriog cily in kngland stab. lished under the teactings of the nest quaifed | masters with the greatest su Yet for us, pecntiarly tmanniacturing to whom the connection betw art and im actures 18 most important. and whom it be.ouves, were it only from Wolves of mercantile intereat, to encourage art for the promotion and protection of gum smereial intustry, oply the one at the Cooper im stituce eXists af the present time. From Wliom spring the beautiiu designs that We so inuch delight in? From Rapbecl, sichael ADe geio ant Benvenuto Cellini, the tone accredited offspring of High and cultivated taste; also the beautiial designs of Le Pautre and Watteau, It | Was by suen men, then, that of wd the orn nts Of palaces, prouuced by tho loom, silver, DYOUAG, iron and Wood, Were designed, It 1s to raise @ men—U po-sivie sch men--ai all events men trained in the discipline of such examples, that What tie oceu- | SHOUl 66 Der cent; Ia Lecda, 39 Der conts im Shel | tha scnool to decide, Tue mission of the schyol 12 single | The | even China | cep! wuen first | arison of their pleasure, the enlivener of their fomes, and an additional power for the further. ance of their ambition, Our arusts have proved that they are equal to the task and anxiousto | redeem the past, The demand for works of small value, and at a very low on the besettin, sin of the present day, wil become exhauste | from the higher calls of monumental works which | await the artist; Jor, as ripple expands into rip. | ple, so from circle to circie does the influence end | example extend from the palace to the cottag 1 am convinced there Is now a higher conceptiol | and # more generous appreciation of tne object and purposes Ol art than ever heretofore existed, ‘The spirit of the age, says Beattie, affects all the arts, and the minds of men being Once aroused from their lethargy and pnt into a fermentation | turn themselves on ali sides and carry improve- ments throughout all branches of mental pursuit. ‘The more the arts advauce the condition of the people becomes more assured, factions are jess | inveterate, controversy less hateful, revolution Jess tragical, authority leas severe and seultiona less jrequent, | Age cannot transmit to its successors the hort- tage ol the human mind In the condition it was received, Thought, which creates opinion, refines | a8 it progresses, becomes more enlarged in its | conceptions, better founded and more diffused | from the social union of men, trom their daily | h bitual intercourse, and a gradual progression of | manners and opimons originates which nothing | can retard. In the generat history of civilization it wili be found that tt is the silent, gradual suc- cession of causes, rather than through more powerfullafiuences, which bas largely affected the condition of a people, If we review the past who | can doubt soctety has advanced? If we consider our own powers who can doubt we must continue | toadvance? We have hope, we have confidence in the imes to be, in the future of social condition, of government, literatuze, science and the iuture of American art. Yours, respectiully, ARTIST, ART SOHOOLS. No, 472 WEsr THIRTY-FOURTH trad New YORK, Oct. 29, 1874. To THR Eprrog OF THE HERALD:— IT address these few linea to you, hoping you will give them a place in your valuable paper, wiich has always been and is the best advocate of the fine arts, Iam a student of ornamental drawing, and, wishing to perfect myself, applied at that | nobie institution jounded by the venerabie Peter | Cooper. | file for the ornamental class alone amount to the number of students already admitted. Now, will not some patron of the arts whom Heaven has blessed with a plentifal purse follow the example ol Peter Coover and establish a school on the same | plan as that of the Cooper Institute, and enabie | the hunareds of young men who are eager to Jearn, but find themselves in the same predic: only be conferring a benoit on the students alone, | but to the conatry tn general. The valne of high art appited to industry 13 felt throughoat all the | great commercial cities of Lurope, and has long been veeded by our manulacturers in this coun- ty. Hoping ane these lines fu ste the eyes of roper persons, | remain, yours truly. ge J. DEYOUNGH. THE NAMELESS CITY. oes HEE aS Orry, COUNTY AND Stats or New EOE™} Oct, 29, 1874. To tHe Epiror OF THE HERALD:— What's in a name? ‘A rose by any other name would smell as sweet. Shakespeare never intended these lines to rep- resent a truth, but to illustrate the pleadings of a | doting girl, who argued ,that her lover's perfec- | tions wore such that it matterea not whether his | name was Capulet or Monutague—that flower of love, young Romeo, seemed perfect in her eyes, no matter what they calted him. Arguing from this contented potnt of logic most | people of this world find Little fault with names, and least with names of cities, “Is the town a good one for business?” “Is the man worth money and reliable ?"? “Will the colored voters go as we | want them to’? These are the questions which, if answered with a “yes,” make Thieiville | an Eden, John Smith an Alexander, and | even ‘negroes’ smell as sweet as any other voters. But are we, because of , this, to sacrifice all sense of beauty? | To cut down all the flowers and make the worlda cabbage patch? Are we forever to sacrifice | beauty to utility, romance to dry sermons, dignity | | to common things, and leave nothing for,the eye of pleasure, the feeiing oi the heart or the mind of ; Memory? Let us see. Have the American people ‘ever thought that their great commercial city, the foremost metropolis on tiis Continent, is nameless? New York! What is old York tous or | we to old York that we should beg her name? Or | are we so poor in pride, so poverty stricken in re- source, that we are content to take from a fvur- teenth rate, mumified town in England a royal | tie by borrowing her name? What did the York family ever do for thia coun- try that their name should, after serving its light | Purj;ose at home, skip over the seas and help us to New York? York! Like its companion, “Rink,” | there’s the grunt of a pig in every pronunciation of it, adisturbing of sense in every sound of it; and, void as it is of any similarity to ite progeni- tor, itis an utteriy meaningless name to apply to | the chiet city or America. | | Tne indiana had a name for thts island, We Tue Dutch calied it New know it a3 Manhattan, Auasterdain, | itis now submitted (hat in support of dignity and | mationality the people of America | foliow the eXample and change the _ poor, | troublesome and conticting Uutle of New York to the more agreeabie, more dignified, more | sensible and American name o: Columbia, Al- | ready we have the association which points to it, and for nearly jour ceaturies, while we have been | borrowing inierior Bames jrom lesser countries, | We have owed u debt hike this to the discoverer of | this Coniinent, Such a name would be appropri- ‘ ate in every way. It would cut @ troublesome Si- | amese ligament which makes that bothering blending oO: city and State and city and county and that mystilying and never ending New York | State, New York county, New York city, in which | there are N’s without end and Y's without wis- dom. It wouid also give some realization to Columbia, the gem of the ocea! ‘The home of the brave and the free, and to traveliers in other lands or -to foreigners Who say, “l am going to Columbia,” it would epitomize the New World. Otner couatries have | hailowed names, We havenone. Whyt Becuuse we ure borroweis, and all borrowers are stale and common jellows a tue besi. We are content With our New Worid, New York, New Orieans, | New Haven, New London, New Everything, until the calendar 18 exdnusted, and not until we have | Struggied until we are ashamed witu sickly cog- nomens tor flourishing towns are We driven to ap- ropriate our Own rich resources in nomenciatare, | » Tt we iook to the original places which gave us names we sce nothing to excite our pride or im spire our awe, If future towns wish to name trom | us they cannot. New New York would ve | @ hittle too much, Thereiore we can neither brag of our borrowing nor lend to vhose in want. As ts said of mules, “we have No pride of ancestry nor any hope of posterity,” | | and while ovner lands boast of London, Paris, Edinburgh, Dublin, Copenhagen, Stockholm, Ber: | | hin, St. Petersburg, Moscow, Vienna, Warsaw, | Lisbon, Madrid, Geneva, Rome, Napies, Venice, Maita, Algiers, Paiermo, Athens, Alexaudria, Jairo, Constanti le, Jerusaiem, Bagdad, Aden, | Mecca, Bombay, cutta, Singapore, Meibourne, Victo1ia, Duneden, Canton, Hong Kong, Soochoo- fou, Pexin, Jeddo, Honolulu, Panama, Caracas, Lima, Santiago, Buenos Ayres, Rio, Havana and bundreds of other beauttiully named capitals and trade centres—and not one 80 poor aa to borrow from another—we sit here, nolding the proudest osition in @ Lew World, degraded by a poor and nsigaificant name, which was never intended tor nor given to anything bat a Village, and was uot expected to apply to this great and growing city of the western lemtsphere. These Mints, while true, are likewise suggestive, and if the HeRaLp’s power press will bring ont the pro and con on tas question thore Is no doubt | the people would vole a change, the Legislature | ratify tt, and soon--when the rivers are spanned by bridges, us are the Thames and the Seine—we ; spall include in our population the great cities all around us, caring for cach as London does tor her wburban places or as Paris for her arrondise- ments, and the woole shali form a city unrivalled in beauty, magnitude aud prosperity, under a re- generated and regenerating name worthy of her past, her present and her future. v A MYSTERY OF THE WooDs, [Special despatch to Chicago Times from Oconto, Wis., Oct, 23.) A gentleman while out in the woods, about three | miles southwest of town, in a very lonely place, | Came upon the skeleton remains of a man. They | give decided evidence of having been foully dealt ‘with, a8 a rope was found around the neck and the skull Cracked over the leit temple. mains are evidently those of a pap about thirty years Of age, With Bandy hair. They will be taken | cere of by the ooroner, and an inauest Reid, Ithere learned that the applications on | ment as myself? He who woul’ do this would not ‘the English cailea it New York, and | shouid | | dove it and t The re- | AN ALLEGED SEDUOBE KILLED BY Aw ANGRY HUSBAND. A “Mutual Friend” Also Interested. (From the San Francisco: Alta California, Oct. 19.) A despatch received from Calistoga yesterday announces that Harry Larkyns, better Known as Major Larkyns, was shot and almost instentiy killed by Kdward J. Muybridge, a photographer of this city, on Saturday night, about eleven o'clock. The cause of the murder 1s sald to be domestio trouble, and of this there seems to be no doubt. Larkyns was an Englishman, about thirty-five yeareofage. He came to this city a year and ae halt ago, in the company of another young English- man. It appears that they travelled a gooa deal together, and that Larkyns’ iriend advanced bim money from time to time until they arrived here. Larkyns was unable on arrtval to pay his travel- Mong companion, and the latter had him arrested on a criminal complaint, The case was tried in the Police Court; it lasted several days, and ter- minated in his acquittal, Me subsequently got employed on the Post as reporter, his engage- ment lasting some time, He was then om- ployed by John Wilson, the circus man. His last employment was to make maps of some mines in Napa and Sonoma counties, and tt was on this business that he went to Calistoga; Muybridge 18 a photographer, in the employ of Bradley & Ru- lofson. His principal business is to take photo- graphs of country scenes, and he was, therefure, most of his time absent from the city. Mrs, Muy- bridge was at one time clerk in Ackerman’s $i | store. They have one child, Mrs. Muyovridage is now in Portland, Oregon, and Larkyns in eternity, ALLEGED SEDUCTION BY LARKYNS. It is saia that Muybridge formed the acquaint- ance of Larkyns and that be liked him very much, He invited him to his house as a friend and intro- duced him to his wife. Larkyns oiten visited Mr, Muybridge’s house, and it appears that for a long time be was always kiudly received. But the bus- baud left the city, Iu pursuance of his employment, aud was gone some time. When he returned he learned that Larkyns’ conduct to his amily dur- ing nis absence was not that of @ friend. He cau- tioned Larkyns never to visit is house again or speak to his wie. But it was of no avai. The inumacy between Mra; Muybridge and Larkyns continued, and wags so open that the outraged husoand sought his Jaise friend, and, findlug him in the office of tho Evening Fost, reiled with and struck him. This had the desived effect either. It appears Larkyns and Mrs, Muybridge still met clandestinely and even openly in spite of the protest and blows of the husband. It is claimed on behalf o! Larkyns that alter her husband struck him in the Posto | he tried to avoid Mrs. paruaee, while other | Statements are to the effect that he never repulsed her, but spoke ireely to friends of their intimacy. “A MUTUAL FRIEND)? Whatever may have been the relations of Larkyns and Mrs. Muybridge, the difticulty seemed to have blown over with the depariure of tue former for ) Calistoga and the latter ior Portiand. Iv remained | fora “mutual triend” to stir up the passions of the outragsa husband and drive nim to the com- mission 01 that most terrible of crimes, murder, This mutual friend is a lady Who was empioyed as nurse by Mrs, Muybridge, and, like the famous Beecher-Tilton case, all the correspondence which | passed between Larkyns and Mrs, Muybridge was | turned over to her for safe keeping. Some of Larkyns’ letters are oi the most gusning character, written with @ pen dipped in love. And aeey are | | Ruinerous as Well, showing that the Major ta his | | days cutside the city coustantly thougnt of her | | with the most tender feelings and tne greatest | Solicitude, THE MURDER. The mutual friend wanted to get money, which she sald. Muybridge owed her, and for tnis pur- Ree paid him a visit on the forenoon of Saturday | ast. She demanded the money, but Muybridge | either retused to pay or gave the old lady a gruff answer. Thereupon she pulled a bundie of letters from her pucket, aud, handing them to him, | said, “Wiil you pay me now ?” I the old lady had | not the money, like the famous Scotiish witch she had her revenge. The husband took the let- | ters and read them over cateiully. His breast | heaved with indignation, his wrath was fired, and he, too, determ.ned on revenge. Haviog iearned | that Larkyos was in Catstoga, he le{t in the after- noon for that place, Upon his arrival he weut to the hotel where Larkyns was stopping, and, having found him, snot and killed him almost in- stantly. The affair threw the littie village into the greatest excitement, and was yesterday tne poet topic of conversation. Lurkyns was nowo by almost ali the villagers, and his tragic and terrible end was Ou that account more a mat- ter of talk. Muybridge was at once arrested, apd is now in the hands oi the authorities. GRAVE ROBBING IN INDIANA, A Body-Snatcher With the Corpse of a Young Lady Captured on a Train. ee “GREAT GUNS.” Our Government at Last Awakened te the Improvement in Ordnance, Experiments at Sandy Hook—Their Re sults Thus Far, As the series of artillery experiments which are now being made at Sandy Hook are likely to have @ great influence upon the general character of the armament of this country they ought to be matters of the liveltest inturest to the pubila They sre made at a late hour, indeed, but even the fact of tardiness brings valae to them, The oMcers of the Ordnance Department who are making them are, perhaps, the most eMcient ar tillerists in our service. Several of them nave visited the places in Europe where ordnance ex- periments have been tn continuous course tor the past ten yearé—Shoeburyness, in England Krupp’s foundry in Germany, and the arsenal at St. Petersburg—where they have noted carefully all the valuable results, while the younger officers have been devoted students of the science of guns and gunnery. Although we have gained knowledge from the experience of othera, with but slight expense, during the past nine years, none of it has been put to use in our army or navy armament. If we had been forced to cope with a foe of late our government would have found that ithad put us ata disadvantage, through which we might not only have beem crippled for a time in the fight, but have been totally overcome, Tne old smooth bore Rodman guns have kept an almost useless guard over our fortifications, for against the improved armor Plating of ships of war they would have had but. slight effect; their balis would have crushed and fattened themselves against the im. penetrable sides of the vessels, while the. projectiles from improved Europeaa rifled guns were demolishing the structures they were hoped to protect, All the artillerists in the United States’ service are convinced that the Rod- mand smooth bore guns have been out of date for several years, They have condemned them of late jas. as heartily aa they hailed them at thety invention, and they have desired to try some method to improve them, The government, how. ever, has PLEADED LACK OF MONEY for experiments, through which, if success should follow them, the country could soon be effectively armed at @ comparatively small cost. Abous 2,000 of the Rodman guns have looked through the emobrasures of our forts threatening and terrible to a civilian, but impotent and valuel in the sight of ® scientific soldier. A few months ago the War Department, moved at last by the reports of the Orduance Department, ordered the appointment of a Board of officers to make numerous experti- ments with @ view to increasing the worth of our armament. The officers chosen to Constitute this Board were Colonels Crispin, Baylor and Tread- well, Major Mackee and Captwin Butler, It is be leved that this Board, whose work 1s now planned Jor about two years, will be permanently esta lished, and that Sandy Hook will be made the per- manent artillery testing station, Arrangements were begud last SUMMER AT SANDY HOOK tor the work o/ the Board. Frame buildings were erected at vhe southeast of the unfinished fort— one #8 an office for the Board, and the other, which was divided into two compartments, asa sbelter for the guns being tested, About 210 fees from the latter sned @ butt, or target of planks backed by sand, was put up; and in thes between the sued and the butt two Irames wel built, the use of which will be explained further on. A short distance, diagonally trow the r of the firtng shed a bomb-, roof was made for storuge of powder during the daily experiments ana for the sneiter of the workingmen, (From the Louisville Courier-Journal, Oct. 25.1 A case of body-snatching was developed in Sey- mour, Ind., on Saturday last. On one of the last days of the past week a young lady of respectable family, very popular with her friends, and mucn beloved in that city, died of consumption and was buried in the cemetery near that city. The day alter her iuterment some near relatives went to the cemetery for the purpose of decorating her grave, But what was their alarm and horror on finding strong indications that the grave nad been tampered with—such marks as to lead at once to the suspicion that the body had been removed. As quickly as possible the family caused the earth to pictons were verified. The boay of tne girl had been stolen. The friends and relatives of the deceased in- stantly set a Watch for tne thief,and endeavored UM possivie to arrest Nin. On Saturday night last aman got on the east bound train at Hardens. burg, on the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad, and had his baggage—a rather small siged travelling trunk—checked for Cincinnati, As’ soon as the trunk was put ou board the train some relatives ol the family, who were on the train watching for Suspicious cuaracters, Went for the baggage car, and, discovering an unpleasant odor arising {rom the trunk, had it opened and found the body of the young lady closely wedged within it. To get the Corpse into so small space tt Was necessary to cramp lt in a@ manner which indicated that much violent force had been used, She was lymg on her side, with her knees doubled up under her chin and her head violently forced over to one side im a corner of the trunk. | . The man having charge of the tronk was imme- diately arrested, aud when the train reached North Vernon was taken off, with tie trunk and ils ghastly contents, to await the arrival of tne West bound train to take him back to Seymour. When the news reacied that place the greatest iudignation was felt among the people, and opin- Jons were freely expressed that the body-snatcher Would be lynciel on his return there, ‘The body-snatcher fs 1 German, but we were un- able to leara his name or anytuing concerning | him. Immediately aiter his arrest he contessec the deed and said be had been engaged in the bust- Ness for two years, getting his subjects {rom alon, the line of the Ohio and Missivsippi Railroad aud other roads runuing into Cincinaati. The price he said he was paid was $20 a subject. He seemed to be so terribly irightened that he could give no intelligible account of himsell or his coniederates, | A RESURREOTIONIST ARRESTED, (From the Cincinnat: Gazette.) There was an unusaal excitement in police cir- cles over the Rhine last night, caused by the arrest Of one of that class of men known as resur- rectionists, or body snatchers, A young man named George W. Moore, an expressman, was taken in the act of depositing @ corpse in the | cellar of the Miami Medical College, on Twelfth | street, OMlcers Weber and Grosenbrink, of the Bremen street patrol, observed the man drive | into’the alley which leads from Plum to Elm. streets, immediately in the rear of the college, and throw a pee Whose contents were but too well known to the officers, mto @ cellar door open- | ing into the alley, ‘ney made & rush upon the ghoul and succeeded in securing him, but a hegro accompanying him made good his es- cape. Aided by a young man, one of the obicers desceaded into the cellar’ and regained the corpse, foe it back In the wagon, aud je prisoner to the Bremen Street Sta+ tion House, This was at hall-past nine o'clock, The man gave his nauie as George W. Brown, and | the charge of being a resurrectionist was placed | Against him, He said that tue body was that of a | man and had been removed trom the Potter's | Field burying ground, The Gorouer was sent for | and at once said:—*“1 have already hela an inquest on that body; itis the old man who died suddenly yesterday and was buried to-day.” One of the une dertaker’s assistants opened tie bag and recog: | nized the rematus a8 those of George Hickman, the old man who suddenly died of heurt disease in | his room, on the corner of Fourth and Sycamore Sirects, Tuesday morning, He was buried in the | Potcror’s Ficid in the aiternoon, but was not per- mitted to remain in bis grave more than 4 few hours. A MYSTERIOUS MURDER AND ROBBERY, [Special telegram to the Cincinnati Commercial from Xenia, Ohio, Oot. 27, Simon Wolj, a man of forty-eight years, was found by the roadside, Sunday morning, about three miles from Byron, with @ pistol shot in his Tight temple, He was unconseious, and died that evening. He had becn seen lying by the road about dark tie evening betore by & Mr. Miller, but | he did not loox alter him, and he had thus tain all night ina dying condttion, gold watoh and pe k Were gone, and it is supposed hé was | killed by traoger in whose company he was seen ort wine Lo a He had been @ | merchant ta Strada srtiattes be removed, and, on opening the coffin, their sus- | The Board began its sessions on Friday 1 dcontinued them on Saturday. The shocks tne discharges racked the guu siedsso that 1 was necessary to brace them, and as tue repairs oocus pied Monday the Board did pot couvene agaim unul Tuesday. Siuce then, however, it has ex- perimented every day. ‘he subject oj 118 Ores experiments 18 & lormer ten-inch Rodman which has been made into an_ eight-tnoa _rife by & new method, Major Mackee, the Recorder of the Bvard, very kindly explained the new system of rifling Lo the writer. ‘Che smoot bore xun is bored out and its diameter increusog by about a inch to@ point within about at from the bottom of its tabe, Bars of wroughs iron are tien coiled, 28 1n making A TWIST-BARRELLED SMALL RIFLE, The coil 18 heated and then welded. the tube thus iormed is cold it put into’ the old gun and caughs with @ collar at the mouth of the piece. There | Of course, #8mail space leit between the sides the new tube and those of the old gua, which the expansive pressure Oi the gases must cause the inserved cylinder to fill. On Friday, tue 21st inst, ouly five shots were fire. irom the new gun; om Saturday seven were discharged, und on luesd Jast twelve. Since then there have been about fifty additional discharges o! the new gua ‘The experiments were begun with charges of twenty pounds of powaer, and 173 pound snow Tue quantity ol powder was gradually increase and on Tuesday the first shots were with thirty-five pounds of powder. So tar this has been the maximum 01 powder used, while the largess projectie i has weighed 136 pounds, Every day velore the gun is fired it 1s star-gauged— that 14, Qn insirument was inserted into the weapou to determine the eifect of the enormous pressure upon its imner suriaces. No imequali- Ues have yet been caused in it, In these experi- ments tue oMicers note every effect—the velocity Oo! the projectile, the pressure produced by vary- ing charges of powder, the recoil o: the gun, tar kind of powder and the projectile. Tne methods of estimating the velocity of the projectile and the pressure produced on It and the walis of the cylinder are very interesting. To discover the velocity there 13 @ very delicate magnetic Lostru- ment, Of Beigian invention, called “LE BOULENGH CHRONOGRAPH.” The two irames, beiore spoken of, between the butt and the gun, are strung with wires along wuich run Currents 01 elecuricity from “Le Chrono. grapo.” ‘These structures are placed 100 1eet apart. As the ball strikes the drst wire target 1% interrupts @ curren!, and @ steel-topped zine cylinder, about 16 inches long, which is sus pended froma magnet on the imstrument, is seb Tree; and as it strikes Ute second target @ shor.er cylinder {ails irom the instrument, As the second cylinder jails ib strikes a trigger which frees @ stout spring on whicn 18 a Knile-like blade, woioh is thrown sidewise, striking and indenting the first cylinder in {ts fall, ‘ihe two cylinders are so proportioned that, by fo eecait from the pase of the Urst to tue indenture upon it caused at the in- stant Of the fell of the second, the distance which the frst fell during the journey o1 the bullet is as certained, and thence, by @ carefully arranged table, the vel..city of the ball ts learned, ‘the method o Ss containing, the pressure ¢@x- ertcd by the gases generated by the gunpowder is also very simple, For this purpose the Rod- man pressure gauge is used. Jt is @ small iron cylinder, convaining a disk of copper, a wedge. shaped knife, an irom disk resting upon the rectangular base of the katie, and a small piston, which reaches aimost through the head of the cylinder, The space between the top of ay ie ton and the levei of the cylinder’s head is filled with a@ copper cap called a ‘gas check,” which is filled with cotcon waste, The convex part of the check ig placed on the piston, the gouge is put Into the caruridge, below the powder. gases press down the piston upon the iron disk, which, pressing in turn wjon the base of the knile, cuuses that instrument to imaent the copper disk, Fiom the depth and width of the cut in the co per the force of the pressure is estimated by means of carefully arranged tables RESULTS OF THE FINING. The powder used is Dupont’s hexagonal, whose Pellets are about tue size of chestnuts: the projectiles are conical balls, with expansive breeches, the invention of Captain Butler, of the Board, These projectiles are 80 made that the pressure forces their breeches to take impres sions of the rifing of the gun, and the gyrat inovion thas imparted to them prevents them from ‘*wavbling,” or going sideways, against thetr object. ‘The following table shows the resulta of the firing on Tuesday :— Powis of Pounds Presrure Roady se lad ai aa a % 33,000 1,429 1 ‘ ay ORS 6 % ov Hato yj ie 6. 35. ‘83,600 1430 173 loa. cmok, :e ia ia x iy oa a a a i 3% 32,000 ig iis 12, 33 82,000 i The results now attained indicate that thi gun under test produces an energy Make Its projectiics penetrate seven iron plating at @ distance of 1,000 BLOWS & power about three times as great of the old smooth bore Rodman gun Weapon bears the great test of ait i: ine rds. 4 Be rre mt eightecn years, and was spe his rather s house in this county, A wife and three children survive him, No have beea to waich the Board intends to put it, most efficient arm tor the casemates of wc! Hi 1» Wi i amnion Peta 4 &o,, and do mi