The New York Herald Newspaper, April 26, 1874, Page 8

rr NEW YOR EUROPEAN LIFE, ——-- KENEALY AND THE TICHBORNE CASE. The Duchess of Edinburgh and the English Court. THE ESOAPE OF HENBI ROOHEFORT. The Society of the Chris- tian Brothers. The Church and State im Italy. LONDON GOSSIP. ‘Lonpon, April 10, 1874, Although the benchers of Gray’s Inn have ap- nounced their intention to sit in judgment on Dr. Kenealy and the members of the Oxford circuit have already banished him from the Bar mess, the irrepressible Doctor 18 by no means put down. Before me lies a printed prospectus announcing the immediate publication of a new weekly jour- nal to be called The Englishman, and to be “edited by Dr. Kenealy.” The advertisement sets forth that the conduct of the press during the recent trial of Sir Roger Tichborne, and siace his un- just conviction, demands the establishment of journal which shall be independent of ali class influences. It goes on to speak of “the combina- tion of the Jesuit and Tichvorne faction to rum and destroy myself because I did my duty to my client and spoke with fearless freedom,” and it mentions “the judges, men who may be corrupt and are too frequently led astray by prejudice and passion.”” The first number is to appear to-mor- row at the price of twopence, and there is a humoroas line to the effect that “arrangements have been made for 20,000 copies per week; but it is expected that the sale wili rise to 150,000.” PRECEDENCE The great gossip topic of the week among those who are left in London, instead of making holiday by the seaside, is the question of precedence, which, according to report, is being agitated by and on behalf of the Duchess of Edinburgh. It is said that she does not find sufficient deference paid to her rank in her newly adopted country, though he has had the pas ofall the Royal tamily, with the exception of the Queen and the Prince and Princess of Wales. Further, it is stated that a letter has been received irom the Emperor of Russia, complaining that the state kept up and position made for his daughter are not such as he had aright to expect. iconfess that when, the otber day at the Winasor review, 1 saw the Duchess sitting with her back to the horses in the Queen’s barouche, and remembered the slavish adulation with which I had seen her treated in St. Petersburg, I thoagut it very likely that some re- monstrance would be made, And yet itis very diMicult to see what could be done. Unquestion- ably the Dachess could not take precedence of the Qneen nor of the Prince and Princess of Wales, the Prince being her husband’s elder brother. She has abnegated her own rank and must be content with that which ber husband’s brings her. Anyhow one would have thought she would have been happier in the comfort and Inxury of the English Court than with the best of Russian civilization, wpich ‘t its best 18 only half'reclaimed from barbarism. MB, GDADSTONE IN RETIREMENT. The mere fact of having had his harness taken off has had a wonderful eifect on the ex-Premier, He 1s looking remarkably well, and has gone of to Hawarden Castle, where he will probably remain some time. Finding it impossivle to keep his mind unemployed and rigidiy determined to keep out of politica, he is occupying himseli in \riting an arti- cle on “Ritnalism” ior the Contemporary Review, and has actually determined, it is said, to attend a course 0! medical lectures at one of the great me- tropolitan hospitals, with a view ot picking up in- formation in a branch of learning in which he con- siders himself deficient. THE BUDGET. Politicians are sti!l speculating as to what the budget wiil bring forth, though another ten days wili enable Sir Stafford Northcote to set our minds at rest. The general opinion is that the sugar duty will be entirely abolished and the income tax lessened by a penny; that the railway passengers duty will be rendered more equitable, and that certain charges for lunatics, police, &c., now borne by the local taxpayers will be transferred to the imperial revenue. It is not expected that the great anti-malt tax agitation will bear any fruit at present. It is understood that on whe exposition of the budget Mr. Gladstone will appear in his place and make a detailed speech in vindication of his government, but no serious consequences are likely to ensue, CONSERVATIVE CONCESSIONS, The new Ministry 1s about to signalize its acces- ‘this morning on a member of the Frenc® govern. Ment to learn how it had happened that they had let this interesting prisoner escape from custody. “ah,” said the politician, smiling, ‘ous voules tout savoir, vous autres; eh bien, vous n’en saures rien.” Somehow or other it slipped out in conver- sation, however, ‘that the government had been almost pestered out of its wits by demands to par- don M. Rochefort. Ladies were the most perse- vering applicants with whom Ministers had to deal, tor Roche‘ort is a hero of romance. His life has becn full of adventure, and he made & most poetical marriage, if not two of them. £0 the ladies would take no denial, Then M, Victor Hugo wrote us letters four pages long on the same sub- ject; and we were obliged to read what he wrote, for ‘the great Victor’ is an awful correspondent.”” “Now,” continued the politician, “we could not pardon M. Rochefort without pardoning other per- sous who were much less guilty, and that would have let loose a whole host of enemies upon us; and enemies are much more agreeable subjects of contemplation in custody tham at large. Do you understand *”’ “1 understand that Rochefort bas escaped,” said 1. t “Yes,” replied the government mano, “Rochefort has escaped; and I will tell you tory if you will promise to go away in peace alterwarda, Once upon a time, in the reign of Louis Philippe, a country gentleman of good family wanted to be made acount, This well-born blockhead pestered the King to make him a count every time he got into the royal presence, and as the Queen liked his wife, that happened incon veniently often, 0 at last his Majesty could not come home to dinner without being bothered by tue map who wanted tobe acount. Sosaid the King, ‘I will not make you acount; but Ido not see the smaliest objec- tion to your making yourself one.’ “Which means to say that you would not set Rochesort at liberty, but that you let him run away.” “That 1s a precise way of putting it,”’ observed the official personage, dryly. THE TRUTH OF THE STORY. The fact is, 1had got at tne trutn of the story. The French government have been teazed about anamnesty, which they are In no humor to grant; and they have reasoned that if Rochefort, Paschal, Grousset, Jourde and the other prominent political prisoners, who have just escaped together, were suffered to go free, there would be much less noise made about the rest; and, tf necessary, the es- cape of the men above mentioned would justify more stringent precautions being used to detain their followers. HUGO AIDS ROCHEFORT. It seems that M. Rochefort went, in the first instance, to Sydney, and as soon as he arrived there telegraphed to M. Edmund Adam, who is his agent in Parts, for $5,000 to enable him and those who had escaped with him to return to Eu- rope. It is said that M. Edmund Adam had not got the money and did not know where to get it; bat in this difficuity he appealed to the large heart of Victor Hugo, who looks upon Rochefort as a son. Victor Hugo im- mediately headed a subscription with $1,200; M. Edmund Adam found $1,200 more, and the rest of the money was made up by smailer contributions trom other literary men of more or less distincton, who were formerly triends or colleagues of the witty and brilliant journalist. Rochetort’s confinement was merely nominal, his sentence naving only provided that he should be detained in a fortress, and if any one were sion to office by two appointments which will se- | cure the approbation of the thinking public. The first is that of a Minister of Education, who will have charge of all matters pertaining to education, scientific, artistic or scholastic. The other is that ct @ Royal Commissioner to inquire into various subjects connected with the general organization of the civil service. This does not come one whit | too soon, as the service is in a generally disorgan- ized state. The commission is to be presided over by Dr. Lyon Piayiair. AN INTENDING VISITOR TO AMERICA, You will have a distinguished visitor in the sutumn in the person of Sir Henry Thompson, the celebrated surgeon and great expert im operating for the stone, who relieved the Jate King of the Belgians, who gave him £5,000 ($25,000) and ob- tained jor him the honor of knighthood from the Queen. He 1s now the great champion of the new doctrine of cremation, or burning bodies alter death instead of burying them. Sir Henry, who will be accompanied by his daughter, is coming on & purely pleasure trip, and has declined numerous overtures witch have been made to him to per- form private operations, though it 1s probable that he may deliver a few tectures in the principal hos- pitals of New York and Boston. Sir Henry will ar- rive in August, will visit California, and wilt be Absent from home abont four months, ILLNESS OF ME. BELLEW. The American public will be very sorry to hear of the illness of Mr, J. M. Bellew, whose recent readings in various cities of the Union were 80 popular, On his last return from America Mr. Bellew's triends noticed a great change in his appearance; since then he has been gradually growing worse, and he is now staying at Bath, suffering under heart disease and an enlargement of the liver and in a very critical condition. HONOR TO THE iKRALD, The London dailies are full of reference to the HERALD, as indeed they may we be, for the ac- counts of Livingstone’s death contrfputed by the HeeLp's agents, and the letters of the.Doctor to Mr. Stanley and Mr. Bennett nave heen the principat feature of their contents during this.dull season. P. 3.—Since writing I understand that it is in Fegard to Princess Beatrice the Duchess of Edin- burgh is offended, claiming the right o1 precedence Over her, The Queen, however, supports her daughter and wil not yield her position, THE ESCAPE OF ROCHEFORT. pocienieiie Panrie, April 1, 1874. The news of the escape of M. Henrt Rochefort, the famous pampletecr, trom New Caledonia, reached Paris yesterday; and 80, as I thought the H readers of the New York Herap might take an “mused sort oi interest in a queer story. I called | impracticable. curious to inquire mto the morality of the thing bis escape might be construed into a breach of parole; but, on the other hand, it may ve urged with equal force that had the French government thought proper to deprive him of every chance of escape they might have imprisoned him, and, therefore, he was not bound to take a nicer view of his case than his opponents bad done. Certain it is that he got away in broad daylight, with four companions— Grousset, Jourde, Regére and Verliere—and took refuge under British colors, on board an English merchant ship. No serious efort was made to re- cover him, and the yeasel remained for fifteen days off the coast, alter his escape, before she set sailior Sydney. M. Rochefort and his friends arrived at Sydney on vhe 30th of March and took up their quarters at Courvoisier’s Hotel, It is re- ported that they have been invited to lecture in America, and, 1f $0, and they sccept the invitation, their story will doubtlese be very well and brightly told. M. Rochefort is a very clever man, with a great command of words, I was going to say, but it would be more correct to mention that words have a great command over him. He is carried quite away by them in an irresistible torrent of invective; but it is not dull, stopid abuse, The talk of M. Rochefort 1s as lively as champagne; and to converse with him is iike drinking repeated draughts of that fmsky and agreeable wine. His political squibs are certainly among the most brilliant political fireworks ever displayed to the light-headed people of Paris, who are judges of such exhibitions. His Lanternesold in tens of thousands, and he might have been a rich man if he had not maintained a court of lit- erary sycophants while in exile in Brussels, During his brief tenure of & nominal power M. Rochefort was honest, generous and Indeed, he knew nothing of poli- ucs; and his colleagues, with the exception of M. Jules Simon,'knew little more. They were noisy, they were argumentative, they were quarrelsome; and when M. Rochefort had discovered, as he very soon did, that official position does not necessarily signify authority, he threw up his hands and went into opposition, While in opposition he did things for whitch he himself has publicly expressed his regret; and, as his errors are more of the head than of the heart, it is better to orget them. He Will probably create some sensation among the French residents at New York, should he visit the Empire City; but in France his influence for good or evil bas passed away, and the French are more | likely to have @ new empire thana new commune at present. THE CHRISTIAN BROTHERS. —_—_+—___—. Panis, April 10, 1874, A General Chapter of the Institute of Christian Brothers was held yesterday in the Rue Oudinot, where the mother house of the institution is situated, and its first act was to appoint a suc- cessor to the late Brother Philippe, the Superior General of the Order, recently deceased, after a long life of useful labors. THE NRW SUPERIOR GENERAL is Brother Jean Olympe, and the chapter which elected him consists of seventy-five members, six of whom are from America, Among them are Brother Patrick and Brother Paulian, former presidents of Manhattan College; and Brother Ea- ward and Brother James, of St. Louis, Mo.; also Brother John Chrysostom, of New York. M. JUST PAGET, in religion, Brother Olympe, who now directs | one of the most important educational establisn- | superior General. Menta in the world, ia a hale and vigorous man, | about sixty years old. He is a person of a mild | and tolerant character, singularly guileless and sincere, His behaviour 18 marked by ® kindly gravity, very winning, and it is the general Opinion that a better choice for this important office could not have been made. He was born in Franche Comté and began bis carecr as a teacher at Lyons, rising step by atep im the eaveem of his superiors till he became director of the normal school there, which is the most celebrated in France after that of Paris, In 1860 he was intrusted with the foundation of the new schools then established im Franche Comté, and in i860 he was appointed Assistant Since that period he has organized most of the schools belonging to the Order J0 Asia, Africa and america, which are in- deed itastse expeditions into the territories of ignorance; afd he has ween very wise and con- scientious in ts Cx0ice of the subordinates whom he sent to act om their own responsibility, some- times very far from help and.gounsel, When the Franco-Gernrap waf joke out Brother Olympe was sent first to Metz, then into Alsace and afterwards to Champagne, where he Was to- trasted with the organisation of saccour to. the wounded. His mission was one which requirca great qualities as an administrator. an enlight- | ened o8arity and an ardent sense of patrictiem. a piea-ant 10 add that it was successiui, and the good man won a in ul place in many graveii BXTANT OF THE ORDER, ‘The Institution of Cnristian Brothers now num- bers about 9,000 members, and its importance is constantly growing. The education suppiied by the schools it has established is of a very high order, It turnishes candidates tor the civil service in England. and qualifies students for matricula- Uon at the Universities of Oxiord, Cambridge and London. In the United States it has educated many members of the learned professions, who are now doing well, and the cost of its teaching is ex- tremely reasonapie, and the diet of the studenw liberal and good, THE POLITICAL SITUATION. There is @ lull in politics jast now in France, Owing to the long vacation taken by the Deputies, who are pleasantiy said rather to represent the Legisistive Chamber in the country than the coun- try in the Chamber. The Bonapartssts, however, are improving the shining hour, andon Monday next 1 hear that a whole party of politicians, who have nothing better to do, are going over to Chiselhurat, The fact ts that the Bonapartists are rapidiy coming back to power. Bat that does not prevent the royalists from intriguing, too, and there have been @ good many joarneyiogs to Fronsdorf witbig the last fortnight. Moreover, the royalists are determined to ask the Partiament & riddle when it next meets, and this is the riddle they will propound :—“Is the Septennate monarch- ical or republican t” When the iegitimists find that the Duke de Broglie and Dis friends are unwilling to reply to this ques- tion they will probably form a@ coalition with the Bonapartists and the radicals to turn out the Duke de Broglie, and then, a8 MacMahon cannot or will not carry on the government without this Duke, I have it on good authority that he will decree A NEW PLEBISCITUM. But the Marshal-President will ask the nation no riddle upon his part. He will simply put this brief, Soldierly question to universal suffrage, “Will you have MacMahon for President or not? And uni- versal suffrage will answer, as universal suffrage always does answer in France, “Yes, we will.” The fact is, that the landowners and all other persons holding any sort of property are frightened out of their wits at the prospect of another revolution. Tf universal suffrage said “No” to MacMahon the National Assembly would be dissolved, an over- whelming majority of advanced republicans would be returned to the next Parllament, and that would mean Gambetta, who would speedily tm- prove all persons of property off the face of the earth in these parts. However, there is no danger of Gambetta at present, GENERAL NEWS. Among the items of news which may be inter- esting to the readers of the New York Hgrawp, [ may mention before I close my letter that a bust of the great pianist, L, M. Gottschalk, who died a few years ago in South America, has been recently exhibited at Messrs. Monroe’s bank in Paris. The work is beautifully executed by Franceschi, the sculptor, a French artist of established reputation, whose characteristic and expressive busts of Gounod, Ponsard and other personages of note have been universally admired. This tribute to the memory of Gottschalk will be placed, I under- stand, in the New York Academy of Music. THE POPE AND ITALY. Roms, March 31, 1874. It is offering no discourtesy to the young King- dom of Italy to suppose that its relations to the Church and the Apostolic Court are the most in- teresting features of its present situation to the great world beyond the Alpine barrier, Whatever may be our individual sympathies and aMnities, it is impossible to deny that “Roma la Eterna” has owed its eternity to the Catholic Church, and that the special pre-eminence which made the Italians feel (mistakenly, as I take leave to think) that it was out of the question to think of recognizing any other of their famous cities as the capital of Italy, was and 1s due wholly to the Papacy and to the special characteristics which make the Papacy not a national, not a European, but a cosmopolite m- stitution. The Italians cannot be accused of hav- ing failed to recognize the bigness of the job they mec hand when. they determined, not without fear and trembling, as those will remember Watched the proceedings of the Italian government and Parliament at that time, to establish Victor Emmanuel and the Italian gov- ernment, Parliament and capital, in the Pope’s city. It is trae that it was not due to their own hesitation that they had not taken this step long before. The Catholic conscience and piety of the “Eldest Son of the Church” could not tolerate the removal of the last impediment which stood in the way of a sister nation of the Latin stock becoming a dangerous rival in civil: ization and power. All the world knows that story and understands the truth of the matter more correctly perhaps than most national trans- actions are understood at a date so nearly con- temporary. But the musfortunes of France were Italy's opportunity. Fortune—or what we mor- tals call so—once again, inan almost miraculous manner, did for Italy what she could not have ac. complished for hersel!. All of a sudden she saw the way open, and, with an immense joy and tri- umph in her heart, but hesitatingly, timidly, with many misgivings, and many glances cast fearfully all around the horizon to see if any power, in heaven above or on the earth beneath, were minded to forbid the deed, she marcned, hardiy less wonderingly than triumphantly, across that sad and solemn Campagna to the enchanted city, and with bated breath and scarce believing that the thing could be true, installed herself on the Seven Hills. THE LOGIC OF EVENTS. For Americans or Englishmen or Germans of the North to scoff at these hesitations and misgivings and terrors would be uniair, and would only indi- cate an imperfect conception of the circumstances of the case and ot the conditions which the history of eighteen centuries has made for Italy. It was a very big aeed that Italy did on that 20th of sep. tember, 1870; peruaps, if regarded witha far-see- ing eye to all its consequences, the biggest deed that has been done in the world tor many a year. And, trath to tell, Italy has not yet quite got over the sense of it, The days grow into montis, ana the months into years, and no thunderbolts fall, and no chasms yawn in the earth beneath her feet, and gradually she 1s breathing more freely, taking courage and realizing her position. The falling of the thunderbolts and the yawning of chasms seem, indeed, thus farto have been managed by @ Providence which has declared entirely in her favor. Yet who knows? If Provi- dence should have all along intended a legitimist restoration im France, might it Hot still be found that there was a very consid. | erable quantity of fat inthe fire? And Italy can- not rid herself of uneasy thoughts of ali that might bappen under such circumstances. And that ola man, whose passive resistance is so baiting a weapon to fence against, still sits there in his awiul seat behind a veil, very terrible to more | Italian hearts than would care to confess as much, When the invaders from the North burst into Rome some fifteen centuries ago, the unresisting out awful Senators were found by them sitting in their curule chairs in stonily passive majesty. And the barbarians feared to strike! The Pontiff and his friends and adherents declare loudly that Italy bas unhappily not feared to strike; that she hag struck but too many deeply-wounding biows at the Papacy since she has made herseif mistress in the Eternal City. But she has not smitten by a great deal as“hard as she might%ave done; neither has she done what she has done without fear. THE ASPIRABION POR UNITY AND ITS REALIZATION, When the disasters of France made it apparent that noth: HERALD, SUNDAY, APRIL 26, 1874.-QUINTUPLE SHEET. of the magné nomints umbra, which, having Nothing to oppose save the still terrible authority of that name, with upraised anathematizing finger bade them to.abstain and to beware! But the de- cision did not lie wholly, or even mainly, with those responsible leaders. Those leaders were very much im the position of those French chief tains of the Communist insurrection, who said, with reference to some outbreak of their ungovernable sdherents, “We are their leaders and must, therejore, follow them!” When it was evident that the coveted prize was to be had for the snapping @t it the nation became upon that point ungovernable, The current of the national wish Was too strong to be struggied against. The King was understood to be most unwilling tomake the irrevocable step. It was said, there is reason to believe with perfect truth, that his personal re- ligious feelings and convictions were “strong against the deed!” it is probable also that there were some among his constitutional sdvisers who were not insensible to the infuence of similar scruples. But resistance was of no use. Delay became ansafe, There never was a case in which the voz popult had to be assumed to be the vox Det more entirely. “Roma o Morte!’"—Rome or Death— was chaiked on every dead wall throughout the Kingdom, “Roma o Morte! was bellowed in every street by crowds who would have ran like hares from the risk of a broken head! Such mani- festations of the sovereign popular will were not to be resisted, and TO ROME ITALY WENT! But the great stephaving been determined on, the yielding, but still alarmed Ministry were.anxious todo all that was possible to attenuate the blow they were inflicting on the Pontiff and to prove their “moderation” to those Enropean govern- ments who, it was feared, might be disposed to break a lance (at least diplomatically) in the Holy Father's behalf. And the Parliamentary leaders ofthe nation, overjoyed at the near prospect of the good fortune they had hardly dared to antici- pate, Were not in a humor to be too close-fisted as tothe promises they were asked to make to the dispossessed Apostolic Court. In this situation of the national mind the celebrated “Law of tne Guarantees’? was passed—the law by the passing of which Italy sought to conciliate in some degree the Apostolic Court, if possible, and to induce It to comé to some accord as to the finding a modus vivenadi which should make the co-existence of the two rival powers within the walls of the same city not too intolerable—to accomplish this, in the first place, and in such measure as might turn out to be possible, but secondarily, and at all events to prove to the rest of the world that the rising young nation had no intention of undaly interfering with the spirit- ual supremacy of the Holy Father, With this view the Italian Parliament piled up its offers. It went to the very verge of what was possible, without absolutely Making its own civil government im- Possible. It went, in the opinion of many persons, somewhat farther than this. What with the prodi- gality of joy at having unexpectedly come into this great inheritance and fear lest even then it might be snatched out of her grasp, Italy was ready to promise almost anything. And certainly if the passing of that law of the guarantees had been deferred for twelve months the terms of it would nave been very different. That lapse of time would have aufficed to show that no cvuntry in the world, save France, which had been reduced to impotence, was at all disposed to take up the cudgels for the Holy Father; und a much smaller period was more than enough to prove, to the despair of the most hopeful, that the notion of con- Ciliating the Vatican was a chimerical one. THE VATICAN AS & PASSIVE POWER, The trutn is, a8 @ dispassionate looker on cannot fail to see, that both parties to this dispute were fencing with words, while Keeping facts in the background, and putting forward arguments, the strength of which lay in the recognized fact that the opposite party was prevented ly the theory of its position from demolishing them by a candid statement of the real state of the case. The italian government asseverated that the greatest care should be taken that the spiritual authority of the Holy Father and his means of governing the Universal Church should remain intact. They knew, of course, per- fectly well that the real power and prestige of Catholicism would be very fataliy injured by the deposition of the Pontiff from his status as a tem- poral prince. But they also knew that the Vatican could not reply what, in fact, is the travh, that the temporal power is—or rather was— in these days the best crutch of the epiritual power; that though the real spiritual power ola spoken word and the efficacy of the preacher had often and in many lands done much, the fathers of the Church were by no means dis- posed to trust the safety of the Church to such means alone. It isa mistake to suppose or to in- sinuate that the Pope and his advisers cling 80 passionately to the dominion which has been wrenched from them and to the temporal power belonging to it simply from the lust of state, and power and wealth and kingly grandeur. No doubt they are intimately persuaded that these things are necessary for the well-being of St. Peter’s bark. Oniy they do not stop to investigate the question how far this safety of St. Peter’s bark expresses altogether the same ideas which are present to the mind of a layman when he talks of upholting the interests of religion. THE ARGUMENT OF THE HEAD OF THE CHURCH. The Pope on his side has this justification for the persistent “timeo Danaos et dona JSerentes” of his consistent refusal of all that Italy can offer, tnat he really knows that the men he has to deal with care in their own hearts nothing for him and his religion; that they are, if not what we should call impious and irreligious reprobates, yet certainly what he understands by those terms, But the Italian statesmen and Parliamentary leaders ought to have known that the reconciliation between the Roman Pontiff and themselves and their deeds and their pretensions was and must always remain an utterly vain dream, At all events it has become clear to all men that tne famous guarantees, of which so much has been written and so much talked, have effected nothing whatever towards thisend. Yet it cannot be denied that much, very much, was really offered, and that, though some part of what was offered nas been rejected, much also has been accepted. The civil list of three miJlions and a half annually has been steadily retused. And Jooking at the matter from the Vatican point ef view, it cannot be wondered at that such should have been the decision of Pius tne Ninth and the Apostolic Court. We may talk about “civil list,” and use the most genteel of courtly phrases to give the thing an appearance as little offensive as may be, but the fact is unmis- takable that by the acceptance of thesum thas proffered the Pope would not only recognize the right of those who paid it to him to the property outof the revenues of which the sum was forth- coming, but would place himself in the position of a salaried officer of the Italian government. As to the money itself, taere cannot be a doubt that the Pope and the Pope's friends wonid be worse of if it were accepted, for | the acceptance of it would infallibly have the effect of drying up the fountains of those unfailing streams of wealth which the devotion of the faith- fal in all lands ceases not to pour into the Apos- tolic coffers to an amount far exceeding the poor three millions and a half offered by Italian liber. ality. To stand all day in iull pontificals at a grated window of the Vatican and cry, “Good Christian, pity the poor prisoner!” ts, merely asa source of income, far better than becoming the pensioner of the government of Victor Emmanuel. But much of what the guarantees offered has been accepted—much that could not, by tne nature of the case, have been supplied in any other way. Tue Vatican itself, together with all the absolutely stood between Italy and the accom. | plishment of her long and ardently cherished long. | ing vo complete her independent nationality by | making Rome not only gn integral part of the kingdom, but the crown, head and capitai of it, save her own fears of tne possible consequences of such a step, she stood a while wavering between “{ dare not’ aad “I would.” And it ts probable that, if the decision had rested soiely with those whose official position made them responsible to the nation and to the world for the step, the step wuld not have been taken, So great was the lear inestimable treasures it contains—treasures which may be considered as no small part or all that the past has bequeathed to the buman race of the present and future generations—and together with other palaces, museums and residences, bas been accepted, The largest immunities which @ civil- ized community ever ventured on bestowing on an individual being in its midst have been granted and accepted and used. No m: trate, sheriff or other officer, or autuority whatever, belonging to the Italian government can set toot within the tmperto the Ponti is absolutely supreme. The King’s writ, to use the iamihar Anglo-Saxon term, does not rum there | Of births or deaths thas. may take place within the circuit of that sealed city the civil authority has no cognisance. The plans and machinations for the overthrow of the Italian State and government—and to assume that such plans and machinations are busily en- gaged in ia todo the clerical party no wrong; of course they are continuously moving heaven and earth (earth cheify) for the undoing of all Vhat bas been done during the inst fit teen years in Italy, and do not afect to say of themselves that they are not doing so—may be carried on with perfect immunity from disturb- ance, spying or interruption of any kind within those silent walls, All the conspirators from every clime under heaven may assemble within those silent walls, and all the conspiracies that busy brains can hatch may be matured there, in the very centre of Victor Emmanuel’s realm, ip complete security. Postal and telegraphic ser- vices of his own have been secured to the Pontiff. And these things have been accepted. Of course, in the words, and doubtless also in the thoughts, of the Pope and nis counsellors, all these things are his own, and the usurping government has Jor its own end not as yet seen fit to despoll him of them, as it nas done of all the rest, But it must be admitted, on the other hand, that the Italian government and Parliament stretched a Point in their endeavor to induce the Papacy to find the position made for it not too hard or intol- erable a one, HOPE AND FAITH IN ANTAGONISM. Once again it is and must be allin vain. But Italy will not yet abandon the hope that matters may be changed in this respect under that succes- sor to Pius the Ninth whom the Conclave will give to the Church at @ period which in the course of Nature cannot be remote. I purpose in a future letter discussing the prospects and probabilities of this coming Conclave and the issue which may be expected from it, a3 judged from an examina- tion of the component members of the College. And the chances of any such result, as { have said, the Italian government will still nope for will be most conveniently considered in connection with that subject. The remainder of my present letter must be employed in a very brief review of the dealings of Italy with the Church since she has made her- self at home in her new capital. CABINET LEGISLATION AND MONASTIC PROPERTY. One of the first acts of constitutional Italy was to abolish monasteries and nunneries, and to take possession on behalf of the nation of conventual property. Your readers would probably not thank me for making any attempt, however briefly, to resume the masses of argument which have been put forth on either side as to the lawfulness and the expediency of this measure, or the recrimina- tory statements as to the manner in which it was carried out, Suffice it that, as a matter of course, the Italian government were eager on coming to Rome to assimilate the laws which should regulate the fate of such establishments in Rome and the surrounding province with the legislation on the subject prevailing in the rest of the country. This, Laay, was a matter of course and inevitable. Had the government wished to halt on the path on which it had started, 80 faras to spare these institutions, they would have been driven from power by the tempest of the national wrath. The Ministers were the same as those who would fain have at least deferred the coming to Rome. But the nation would not permit them to do #0. They would also fain have mitigated, in every possible way, the new blow which was to fall on the Papacy in the destruction of the Roman monasteries. The whole of the long debates on the subject in the Chamber last spring indicated this. It waa a long struggle between the Ministers and their adherenta, who were anxious to spare ve monasteries as far as possible, and the men of the “Left,” who, representing in this respect the undoubted feelings of the country, were driving them on in the work of destruction and abolition. The question was not contained altogether in the same terms at Rome as had comprised the whole of it in the other parts of the Kingdom. There were peculiar circumstances which admitted of a line of argumentation that was not applicable to the convents of other parts of Italy. The monastic orders are, as everybody knows, governed in monarchic fashion, each by its own superior, called the “General of the Order.” Few Protestants, however, and, perhaps, few Catholics, save those who have visited the headquarters of their faith. are aware how numerous these orders are. The world has heard of Benedictines, Dominicans, Franciscans, Jesuits and a few others. But in the course of centuries these great institutions have been subjected to a variety of reforms, which have produced separate and distinct societies in great numbers, and each of these has its “General,"’ who governs the society in all parts of the world despotically. Now, for the purpose of this general government and surveillance the most natural and evidentiy fitting piace for the residence of the General 1s Rome. And in Rome the evidently appropriate residence of the General was the chief convent of tne Order to which he be- longed. He was not the special superior of the convent in which he so resided. But*the house honored by his residence had come to be known as a Casa Generalizia—a general's house. Now a vigorous and obstinate attempt was made to es tablish the proposition that these case general- tie were altogether exceptional from the reat of the converts of the Order; that, inasmuch as the establishments of the order all over the world were governed from thence, the convents in foreign countries, and, pro tanto, those foreign countries themselves bad an interest and a sort of prescriptive right to the provision made for the government of those institutions, It was further insisted on, -that to destroy these case general izie would be contrary, if, not to the world’s, at least to the spirit of the law on the “guarantees,” inasmuch as @ very important part of the gov- ernment of the universal Church was carried on by means of the monastic orders throughout the world; that the only means of communication with and action on these orders which the Pope could avail himself of consisted in his having the “gen- erals” always at hand; and that, consequently, to deprive him of these counsellors and lieutenants was to interfere very seriously with his means of spiritual government and action with regard to the Church, To this reasoning answer was made utterly declining to recognize any sort of right that any foreign country could pretend to have in the maintenance of these case generalizie (for in truth no foreign govern- ment ever attempted to allege any sucn right); and further, by showing that the abolition of the convents necd not at all involve the abolition of the ‘generals’? themselves, The government would indeed have wished to preserve these por. Vons of the huge conventual. buildings in which the “generals” had always resided, and allow these functionaries to retain possession of them. When it became evident that the Chamber would not concede that, an attempt was made to provide that the present “generals” (all of them, of course, old men) should be permitted to remain in the | houses which had been their homes as long as | they should live. But neither could even this | be carried, Again, a last attempt was made | to enact an eXception in the case of the | General of the Jesuits; but this, as may be | Supposed, the Chamber | to hear of, The case generalizie accord. ingly were condemned, and in most cases the monks of the various orders have already been turned out and the government have taken pos- session of the buildings, One of the strangest Sights that has been seen for a long time in Rome was that of the sale by auction of the articles of furniture and the like which the Jesuit Fathers had left behind them in the celebrated Convent of the Gest. Were it not that I fear that [ have already ex- ceeded the limit of space which you will be willing to accord me, 1 should have liked to give your readers @ little picture of the doings in the Con- | vent of the Gest on that last day of its existence as such, was still unwilling THE STATUS IN QUO. But 1 must concluae with tue remark that those Present relations between the State and the Church, which I hail have to speak of in my next letter, will be readily understood not to have been sacred precincts of the Vatican, The wonderful size of the place i@ such that it may be considered # litte town im itself. And in that imperium in rendered more smooth or friendly by what has oc- curred slace the beginning of the preseat legisia- tive session, THE NEWARK RING TRIAIS. a More Important Evidence Hlicsted Yeo terday—The Grave Conspiracy Case Spleed with Teutonte Humor—Sweilt- ser’s Significant Joke st Goss Stains- by’s Expense. Despite the disagreeable weather the Newark court was crowded again yesterday with a highly respectable audience, ali eager to witness the Proceedings in the trials of the city officials and Contractors arraigned under the “omnibus” or conspiracy indictment. Rudolph Ledig was recalled. He corroborated his previous testimony about the pavement being composed of improper materials, 4c. He drew the attention of the matter to Alderman Stainsby and Inspector Bechler. Bechler said he would have the inferior stone removed, but as tothe dirt he had ORDERS TO LET IT BE USED, He reiterated his testimony about having been able to dig up the pavement in some places witn his hand. Auditor Dawes was again sworn to prove the payment to 0’Connor of certain sums. Af ter Dawes came Charies Swettzer on the stand. This witness swore to having remonstrated about the improper work, when the pavement was first com- menced to be laid, In company with Alaermam Stainsby, Commissioner Sullivan, Alderman Traudt, and others, witness examined the pave- ment in the spring of 1873, It was a cold day, and only one place was pierced. It was found to be fall depth, but about one-half dirt. Said the wit- ness:—“i makes von leetle joke mit Mr. Statusby. say, ‘Mr. Stainaby, you call bim Deiford Davement f* and he says, Re eat goot CACHE! I say, if you wants der beebles to know him Vell, roe ment you better make one big sign on ad on him brint big letters do dell de ford bavement; dis is not the witness said he told yard, where there was ‘him up a8 good a pave- mens as that on nue. aaid occasion Bentaeby fe Teed on bind ~ & PACIFICATORY LETTER from O’Connor, stating that the pavement would be further finished ag soon as the frost was out of the ground, This was four months alter all the money had been paid the contractors out of the city treasury. Sweitzer swore further that afer he had complained considerably about the pave- ment Alderman Traudt ana Commissioner Sulivan said they wished him to become a city inspector and watch the job, but ‘I don’t take him.” He drew Stainsby’s attention, he s' to the gutser stones, which were not thick enough, and Stamsby said they would have to be chan; ‘This was be- iore they were laid, But, nevertheless, they were used, and are now part of the job. William Herwagen, who had been recommended to Traudt and Sullivan as a good man for inspec- tor by Sweitzer, swore that he was approached on the subject by letter Irom the Street Commissioner, but after being partly engaged he was soon alter told that the work Was completed. He had seen no work done on the avenue since 0O’Connor'’s letter was read by Stainsby. Henry Getvenger ana Gustav Kussie both swore to finding the pavement from nine to tourteen inches deep. Kussie said in one place it was half dirt, The Uourt then ad- journed till to-morrow. As the secution have not concluded yet, nor likely fore Tursday, 16 seems certain that the case will consume all of next week and perbaps more. A MYSTERIOUS AFFAIR. The house of Mrs. Mulligan, on Cliff street, Clifton, 8. L, near the new boarding station, was entered last night by some person unaer circum- stances which lead to the belief that a foul murder ‘was contemplated. Mrs, Mulligan and the niece of Mr. Thomas Muiligan, deceased, were sleeping in @ room on the lower floor, when Mrs, Mulligan was awakened by a man passing his nandg over her face. It was afterwards ascertained that ke had gained an entrance to the house by breaking through a window and thus reaching the bolt of the door. Mrs, Mulligan, alarmed, gave @ scream, which awoke the niece, who immediately lea; out of bed and shouted for help. This aroused Captain Finnerty, of the quarantine steamer Hop- king who lives in the game house, and he came goya stairs, it the man had taken the alarm an le nen & light was procured the women were both found to have # quantity of pitch on their faces and elsewhere on t! persons, and it 1s considered that the man, whoever he was, intended to murder the niece by putting a plaster, of pitch over her mouth and nose, but was uncer- tain in the darkness which was the rightone. It appears that Tnomas tae tye & carpenter, died quite recently, and left a will giving several houses and otner Foner ey to this niece. This will has been strongly objected to by some of his relative and itis supposed that the intention was to ge' the niece out of the way in order that the property might be differently disposed of. Tue man was not seen with suMicient clearness to be recognized, and there is no clew but suspicion. There was no attempt at robbery. THE TURF IN CALIFORNIA, —_>+—_—_. Oakland Trotting Park—An Exciting Pacing Race—Fast Time. {From the San Francisco Chronicle, April 18.} The races at the Oakland Trotting Park yester- day were very well patronized. No finer day could be wished for; the track was superb, and the time, especially in the second class pacing race, was very fast, The races were also quite exciting, the betting lively and diversified, and, with one or two exceptions, an enjoyable afternoon was had, THE FIRST RAGE was a pacing contest, mile heats, three in five, in harness, for a purse of $100, between H. L. White's bik. g. Onward, driven by Mr. White; Mr, Harris’ 8. m, Capitola, handied by Jim Kennedy, and P. Brandow’s b. g. Fisherman, driven by Brandow. Fisherman was the favorite. He would sell jor $49, Onward $25 and $39, and Capitola went a begging at $1, the sports not thinking she was of any account, Setonas she subsequently won two heats in the race, and, in the opinion of many dis- interested people, she won another one, which would have given her the money if it had beem given to her; but the judges evidently erred in their decision and gave the heat to Fisherman, REOAPITULATION. OAKLAND TROTTING Park, April 17.—Pacing; mile heats, three in five, in harness. Purse, $100. P. Brandow named b, g. Fisier- MAD... 04+. sees -22331118 H. L, White named bik, g. On- WAG oo... cesses sees -1321322 T. Kennedy named s, m. Capi- wola, a -SLL223¢3 E. 2:27 —2 :263{—2 125 —2 1244 —2 25-2 264 —2 31g THE SECOND RACK. Avery interesting and well contested trotting race took place between heats of the avove between Yom McUlellau’s California Dexter am A. Lewis’ Jerome. The race was mile heats, three in five, for a purse of $300. George ‘Ireat did not start, Dexter was @ favorite with 1 buyers. Jerome drew the pole. He also won the frst heat in 2:36 by three tage’ the second in 2:28 by a length o1 daylight, Jerome trotted the last halfan 1:2. The third heat was taken by Dexter, beat- ing Jerome by three lengths, in 2:314g. The fourth and last heat was won banaily by Jerome. Time, 213035. A DRUGGIST MULOTED, Putting Up Aconite in a Package and Selling It for Picra. Boston, April 25, 1874, In the case of Margaret Black, of Fall Riv against Andrew Weeks, of the firm of Weexs Potter, of Boston, before the Supreme Judicial Court of Taunton, Judge Ames presiding, the jury returned a verdict for the plaintif, giving her $15,000 damages. ¥he plaintiif narrowly escaped being poisoned ata by a dose of aconite which she took supposing it to be picra, The aconite was originally put up at the establishment of Weeks & Potter, and, a8 alle; labeled “picra’’ by mistake ana gold to a Fall ir druggist, who supplied it to the plaintiff from the same pack: on u certain evening without discove: the dif- ference. Mr, Weeks has taken an appeal on @ vill ot exceptions. A PLAGUE SPOT. New Yor, April 24, 1874 ‘To rug Kotrox or THE HERALD:— In the neighborhood of Seventy-second street and Second avenue there are a few lots which are not bulit upon, and in these lots there are holes and ditches, and in the warm weather the stench that comes from the green water which remains ia these holes is horrible. This may bring fever ana gekness to the many families in the neighbor. hood. The Board of Health should see to this ia and time have the hol A RESIDENT, INOREASED TAXATION IN PiNNSYLVANIA, HaRwiss0nG, April 25, 1874, Governor Hartranft has signed the new Revenue bill, imposing @ new system of taxation apon ail corporations of the State, including a tax of three ems r ton upon all coal compunte: tex ‘apen dividends, rapaen tod eo; BURSTING OF A GRINDSTONE, HARtrorp, Conn,, April 25, 1874 A man named Mitchell, a grinder in the Thayer Scythe Works, in West Winsted, was ii Killed by tue Ducane of aatinusvonee Ney