The New York Herald Newspaper, November 12, 1873, Page 4

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a ae a eee SHACKLED INDUSTRY. Position and Prospects of Labor in the Country. GAPITAL AND LABOR. The Panic and Its Effects on Trade in New York, Connecticut, Penn- sylvania and Michigan. NEW YORK. Whe Situation in Rochester=The Man facturers Curtailing Their Forces and Reducing Wages—Workmen Anxious— Prospects for the Future, ROCHESTER, Nov, 9, 1873. There ts propably no ecltyin the State of New York where the laboring class—the mere day la- borer at all work as well as the skilled mechanic— fares as prosperously as in this city of Rochester and its immediate neighborhood. Ido not mean to gay that laborers are paid any better than in other cities or that work is more plentiful at all times, but the fact that nine-tenths o1 the mechanics and laborers own their own houses and have each, as general thing, a snug little sum in bank “against a rainy day” certainly justifies the assertion that in no other city in the State is there & more general well-to-do class of working- men than there is here. Land is cheap and im good times the rich men of the country, who are numbered by the hundreds, are ever ready to give the poorer classes a helping hand. There is no such thing in the city as a block of tenement houses, and this of itself shows conclusively that there is a something about the laborers hereabouts ‘that places them far above THE GENERAL SCALE OF LABORERS, atleast if one looks at their surroundings, com- pared with those of the workingmen in New York. Ihave it on very good autnority that four-fifths ot themen who gain their daily breaa here by the most ordinary kind of day by day labor are on the tax liste as being worth all the way from $5,000 to $50,000, if not in hard cash, at least in property free ofencumbrances. Each one has a home of his own and knows not what it is to have an agent or a Jandlord calling upon him for a month’s rent, This fortunate circumstance has thus far, in a great measure, proved a barrier to the terrible depres- sion which the financial crisis has brought upon the laboring classes im other sections of the State, and up to a few days ago but very few evidences of distress on account of the stringency in the money market were at ail visible, When the crisis was at its height in New York, and the metropoiitan banks were flounder- ing about so wildly to save themselves, the banks here continued their business every day, undis- turbed by the general coniusion, and were enabled to go through the storm without asking for a dol- lar of assistance from outside. The savings banks, too, stood firm, or, rather, the confidence of the people who had their savings in them was such that at no time was a run attempted, or the slight- est alarm manifested by the depositors. But, not- ‘withstanding all this, the depression has come at last, and, despite the best endeavors of the great mass of the workingmen to put a good face on it, the crisis is beginning to cripple them badly. Years ago Rochester was known all over the coun- try as the ‘Flour city,” but that day has long goue by, and now her four milis only do a retail busi- ness, and are so few that they are no longer num- bered among her “great industries." Many of the old mills have been burned and many others have been turned into MANUFACTORIES OF VARIOUS KINDS. This great change | need scarcely add has been brought about by the rates 01 trasportation adopted by the railroads, by which a dealer in Chicago can en his wheat there and ship his four to New ‘ork cheaper than if ne were to send it trom here. Rochester, however, has by no means been ren- dered destitue 01 trade and manufacturing business by reason of the loss of her four mills, There is a large business done here in iurniture, the machine shops are large and generally active, and her trade 4m shoes is the third largest of any city in the Union. The city hasa population proper of 75,000 souls, and if the immediate neighborhoods just out- side the city limits are, as they ought to be, con- sidered asa part of the town, the population all told 1s about 90,000, Of this number it is estimated that from 10,000 to 15,000 persons belong to the Jaboring classes—that, is are either skilied me- ¢chanics or workmen or persons who depend for a living on manual labor of some kind. As I said belore, this large number of workingmen are gen- erally well to do, but there are many among them who can ill afford to remain idle for an entire win- ter, and the present outlook would go to show that there willbe betore next January, if there is no sudden turn in the tide, no small amount of dis- tress and suffering among them. But now let me give you some solid facts:—The wholesale clothing business of the city in 1872 amounted to over $60,000,000; the boot and shoe to $6,000,000; furniture to $3,000,000 and the grocery business to $3,500,000. Beside this it is THE CENTRE OF TRADE for the counties of Ontario, Niagura, Livingston, Seneca, ‘Wayne, Allegany, Genesee, Wyoming, Monroe and Orleans, which together have a popu- lation of 500,000. It will be seen, therefore, that once the depression caused by the financial panic has fully set in upon the city its eflects will be very widespread and will not be confined to the city proper, For instance, some of the immense furni- ture makers, whose establishments bere cover entire blocks, employ from 400 to 600 men in their factories alone. When they give way be- fore the pressure, as some of them will soon be compelled to, the distress will not only reach the 4000r 600 men in the fac- tories, but will spread out to villages ana small places remote from here, where the estab- lisuments secure their timber, &c. ; tor be it under- stood that some of them own large tracts of tm- ber land, and have in their employ men who cut the trees down, teamsters to cart it away, men to place the logs tor seasoning and so On, tillin the sbape of prepared timber, ready to be turned into turniture, the material is lodged in the factories. Ail this necessitates the employment of a very large lorce independent of the hundreds in the factories, and, when the biow falls, it will be felt from one end of the line to the other. 1 must con- tess, however, that the manufacturers and business men generally do notseem to be, as yet, ver; much alarmed. They are, it is true, anxious, an are looking forward to the winter with CONSIDERABLE DOUBT AND MISGIVING, for the sky is by no means clear, and although the storm has not extended all robnd as yet, no one is hopeiul enough to believe that he can tuily escape its effects when it does come, But two firms of any importance have thus far succumbed to the general depression; one of them, os Co., jnrniture manufacturers, has gone into bank- ruptoy, and the other, Shantz, Minges & Oo., in the same line of business, has stopped manu/actur- ing, although they are still selling their goods on hand. Eacn firm employed about 100 men, and so it will be seen that even this slight weakness in the trade must have already caused a great deal of suffering among the workmen suddenly de- prived of work, and who had nothing saved for the winter. ‘The feeling among all the manufacturers in all the departments oi trade I find to be, as I have aiready tntimited, far trom panicky. AS @ rule they seem to be anxious to keep as y men in employment as they can without incurring heavy losses to themselves, and yet the outlook is at present so bad that they are afraid to keep on Manuiactoring goods. They don’t want to “pile ih ck, knOWing that they will uot be able to of it, and that unless they can keep up jes they cannot keep their workmen. ‘THERE'S NOTHING LIKE LEATHER." The shoe trade, strange to say, seems to be bet- ter now than it was at this time last year, and as @ general thing the demand is greater than the supply. The dealers say, however, that this is one of the effects of the epizooty of last spring. that disease cut off the interior villages and settie- ments in the far Western States, with whicn the shoe trade here has immense dealings, from con- tact with the outside world, 80 to speak ; the horses. being sick, there was no means 0! transportation and orders could not be forwarded. Since the aubsidence of the disease. of course, the orders de- dayed by it have been received in a lump, and, added to more recent ones, have made the trade quite active. I occupied all day yesterday in a sort of house-to-house visit among the various manufacturers, and the its of my tour will be found interesting, besid hrowing considerable light upon the situation as it is and the prospects for the future of the workingmen in this vicinity. WHAT THE MANUFACTURERS ARB DOING. ©. J. Hayden & Co., furnitare dealers, empioy 400 men, besides having work done by 400 persons in the House of Refuge. The firm say that they hope to be able to keep the men at work all winter, but in order to do 80 they have cut the time down from ten to eight hours and reduced the wages twenty F Cent; that is, forty per cent altogether— _" per cent in wages and twenty per cent in The firm of J, E. Hayden employs seventy-five mon, has reduced wages ten per cent, and will not Peed ad the force if nothing worse happens than has ping] in the way ol! a panic, ann, Smith & Spencer, furniture, employ 400 men; wi have been reduced twenty per cent; 200 men Have been discharged, owin, 1 vod wed, owing to reduction Briggs & Son. ornamental tron manufacturers. been or will be dis- mj thirty men; some ai Snarget fuoed trom ten to eight; uo re- charged; hours ourne Kelk tap ‘Works employ fifty men, and are e Kel engaged Neinelpaily i the re of head lights for locomotives and ratiroad lanterns gen- erally. The business has been badly crippled by the shaky situation of affairs among the raliroads. If between now and the 1st of ep no change for the better takes place the men will have to be discharged, A 1 of how the railroad com- panies are crippled can be had from the fact that the Louisville and Nashville Railroad sent the lamp company their note, payable four months from date, for the immense sum of in payment for lamps. While Twas in factory. Imet an agent of the Ed- ward Miller manulactory of Meriden, Conn., who told me that the collections of the firm by reason of the panic nad failen off from $8,000 to $300 pe oo Mr. Kelly, of the lamp works, states that it zy i take the business tully a year to recover from e present depression. Cunningham & Son, carriage makers, have dis- charged 400 ‘of the 400 men they have been em- ploying. ‘iekery’s cotton mills have been closed entirely, 200 women being thereby thrown out of employ- ment, The Kidd Iron Works have reduced their force one-half, and the men at work have been put on eight hours’ time and given + 15 @ day instead of the $2 50 they were getting before the panic, the firm doing this simply to keep the men from want. Pancost, Sage & Moss, shoe manufacturers, the largest firm in the city, have still at work irom 600 to 700 men, whom they will keep at work so long as the trade is a8 good as itisnow. However, should the outlook grow worse, the firm intend to reduce stock, and thus some of the men will bave togo, There are about ine men in the employ of the shoe manufacturers of this city, and it is be- lteved that not over 600 of these Will be thrown out of employment, if the situation becomes worse. THR GENERAL OUTLOOK. Now, to sum up the situation, It will be seen by the facts I have given above that the outlook 1s not so bad as it might be, but if the employers are at least on the surface hopeful and not despairing, it is quite the reverse with the workingmen gen- ay im the city, They are anxious and fear- lest. every day will be their last day of work, and they know that if they lose whatever job they now have there 1s little or no prospect of their getting any work for the winter. It is estimated that of the 15,000 persons who in their living here by man- ual labor, skilled and otherwise, at least one half will be thrown out ofemployment during the win- ter. Of this 15,000 6,000 are in the furniture busi- ness, 1,200 of whom will have probably nothing to do after next month, Thus far individual cases of hardship caused by the general dulness have been very few. Yet lnave heard of two or three cases peculiarly distressing. One was that of a black- smith, who had been in the employ of one firm for thirteen years. In good times he was able to make good wages, and every dollar he earned over and above what was spent for food and clothing he invested in the purchase of a house and lot. He came belore a city oficial yesterday and told a pitiful story; how though he had a home of his own, yet he hadn’t a dollur in the world, and had a wile and seven children who had not tasted food for nearly two days. And yet, strong man and willing as he was to work, he could not get anything to do, ~~ THE RICH AND THE POOR. The teeling among the rich and weil to do of the middle classes in the city is one Of charity and good will, and Ilearn that if the distress should become such among the laboring classes as to ne- cessitate public aid every rich man will contribute freely to the estabiishment of a soup-house—or at least some kind of a house where the really needy can find shelter as well as food. It is to be hoped that the depression may pass away before anything of this kind is needed, but the outlook at present, despite the encouraging views taken of these affairs by the manulacturers and business men generally, is dark and forbidding. CONNECTICUT. Among the Brazen Factories of Water- bary—A Few Hundred Men Out of Work—The Story of a Social Explosion Worse Than Any Panic—-Waterbury Agitated. WATERBURY, Noy. 10, 1873. The western part of Connecticut is not so badly shaken up by the panic as the eastern. In this Snug little town there are not over 200 persons out of employment, though there are 5,000 hands en- gaged in the various workshops. Half and three- quarters time are therule. Brass is the first and last product of the place. It is made into pins, but- tons, buckles, hooks and eyes, jack chains, globe handles, grate fenders and countless other forms. It is the basis of everything in Waterbury, except the moral worth and intelligence of the people. For acommunity that deals exclusively in brass they are extremely modest and unaffected. They have much to be proud of in their town and its condensed industries; but they declare they are the last people in Connecticut to fill the heavens with the brazen trumpet of their own praise. The reason of this is obvious. The brass they mould with their bands supplies all their wants and makes them what they are, so they feel no neces- sity to put any of it in their faces to impose them- selves on the rest of the world, Mostof the fac- tories here are represented by houses in New York, . THE BRAZEN INDUSTRIES. The Scovill Manufacturing Company, which makes innumerable articles out of brass metal, employs 400 hands and is running on half time; the Farrel foundry, which operates in heavy brass sheetings, &c., is on fall time, with 200 hands; the case shop of the Waterbury Clock Company works eight hours; the movement shop has been stopped; the Waterbury Button Company is on baif time and has made @ small reduction of its force; the Waterbury Buckle Company tull time; Holmes, Booth & Hayden's, a large establishment with 300 hands, full time; American Flask and Cap Company ull time; Brown & Bros., three-quarter time; Waterbury Brass Company, three-quarter time; Terry Clock Company, two-third time; the American Suspender Company are running cotton mill full time; the weaving sbop is shut down tor repairs to the wheel, and the Oakville shop is run on three-quarter time; United States Button Company, three-quarter time; Plume & Atwood have reduced the number oi their employés and are runing on two-tnird time; American Rin; Company, eight hours; American Pin Company, ful time; Carrington & Co., manufacturers of saddie trimmings, half-time; Rogers Bros., plating goods, full time; Blake & Johnson, full time; Steel & Johnson, full time, but about to change to three- quarter; A. Platt & Son, full time; White & Wells, jull time; Mathew & Stanley, full time; Spencer Lane, full time; Blake, Lamb & OCo., full time; Novelty Company, full time; Barnard Son & Co., eight hours and talk of stopping entirely; Smith & Grigs, beit clasps, full time. WATERBURY COMFORTABLE. These are all the manufacturing establishments of Waterbury, except a iew Smail ones employin, about halfadozen men. There is not much to tee! anxious about at present. Two hundred out of employment in @ population of 16,000 cannot be called alarming. There is no actual distress what- ever, The people of the town are very industr.ous. Loaters and beggars are seldom seen on the streets. Much of the capital invested in factories is native to the place, and the class of goods pro- duced, unlike cotton and woollen fabrics, make a specialty, ior which the town is noted and which command a sale at all seasons of the year. The banks are sound, and the one that caved in owing to the panic (Abbott Brothers’) is on its feet again. As 1 waa saying, the people are very modest and rimitive in their ways. At the hotel the ladies come down in full dress to breakfast and the gentlemen in paisley and pepper and sait dressing gowns. This makes the morning ime cheerful entertainment. I was near forgetting to state that the gin mills are all rusning on full time, and the number of hands a ge im draining glasses is more likely to increase than diminish. A BOMBSHELL IN WATERBURY SOCIETY. Considering this is @ manufacturing centre, ana that it is at any moment likely in such troublous times a8 these to suffer vastly more than has as yet fallen to its share, you might be disposed to think that the principal thought of the town was seri- ously occupied with the panic. Not a bit of it. The mind of the community is on a totally different subject. The wise and the wealthy, the foolish and thriftless, are alike concerned in @ case before the Police Court, which threatens to blow up the peace of Waterbury and make Many ol the married males of the town miserable beiore Christmas Day. Perhaps this story is inappropriate in a iet- ter bette | the depression 0! business; but its exceptional singularity a8 4 revelation of social lille Makes an apology for the telling. A RESPROTABLE YOUTH MARRIES A NYMPH DU PAVE. Dave Blodgett is the name of a popular sport of the town, who starved a ma de three years aco just outside the limits of the municipality, and in that brief time cleared $50,000, He did as well in @ pecuniary point of view as any of the brass tac- tories. He was always ou full running time, day and night, and his patrons were about equally divided between the single and married men of Wealth and respectability. One of lis customers fell im love with @ lady of the house yeh and three weeks ago he married lyr. He was the son of a leading manufacturer, and his connections take a high position in the society Of other cities, It was a stunning blow to his relatives, who besought him to relinquish his tainted bride and held out to him every induce- ment in money, but in vain. The city autnorities were powerless to do anything towards suppress- ing the house which was held responsible tor this soctal disaster. The District Attorney, Mr. O'Neil, however, moved in the matter and bad Biodgets brought besore the Police Court. To prove the in- iquity of Blodgett’s calling O'Neil issued subpoenas for over @ hundred Witnesses, comprising some of the leading men of the town, Married and single, who had frequented Biodgett’s house. This is what has created the tremenuous excitement that pre- vails, The married and faithiess ones are fying over the country in all directions, ostensibly on account of the panic, Some of them, pretending to have the rheumatics, have gone to the hot + plod of Arkan- sas. One of them departed yesterday, lea word with hie wife that be was going to New Yor! foe) heir | to seo @ long lost orother from the Sandwich Islands. Society in Waterbury is in a perfect fever on account of this action of the District Attorney. So far only a few witnesses have presented them- selves, but not @ sin married ‘man has been netted et. 80) the leading heads of families ve of a sud etry! selves that the season for porcatacs Biren duck in Maine is at hand, and have departed in that direction. The com- mercta! panic is not a cireumstance to this social explosion. How the Half Time Rule Works—Con- siderable Saving of Expenses—Com- mendable Disposition of Mill Owners. PLAINFIELD, Nov. 10, 1873. This ‘s a manufacturing place purely. The country around extends little invitation ¢o any- thing else, though the toil of the husbandman has expended on it, as upon every other spot of ground within the narrow limits of the State, enough to ‘make a less inhospitable soli blossom like the rose. Halftime has become the rule here as elswhere. There are 150 hands employed in the Central Manu- facturing Company, who bave been working on half time since October 20. The mill contains 10,000 spindles and 219 looms, Its full production was 1,860,000 yards of print cloths per year, or an average of about 6,000 yards per day. The hal! time Tule makes a reduction of $2,000 a month on its pay. roll, and’ in its monthly production of print cloth, 78,000 yards, The Kishwankie Mills have 3,046 spindles and 70 looms. Like the other factory they began running half time October 20, and they have no Teason to expect that it will ay any worse with them, They manufacture 625, yards of print cloth per year, employ 100 hands and proraye, with their payroll, about $1,200 per month. The Teduction of time saves them $575 and diminishes the production 26,000 yards per month. AT MOOSUP the mill of Samson Almy & Co. is sunning on half time. It has 310 looms and 13,000 spindles, em- ploys 370 persons and produces 2,450,000 yards of able ae ear. Average Of payroll, $5,300 a month, e diminution of time saves them $2,650 @ month and leaves their production 100,000 yards less. They expect to continue on halt time only so long as the state of affairs warrants. They feel that a break must happen soon and the oid state of things be restored. There are 800 hands employed at the renregan factory tn this place. It operates 56,000 spindles, 1,200 looms and yields a production of 7,000,000 Me of heavy sneetings and percales im the year. Phe weekly payroll averages $5,250. The half-time rule favors them to the tune of $10,500 a month, but, as their production is at the same time de- creased 290,000 yaras, there is not so much gained. One thing must be said 1n behalf of the miil owners of this State, that they show the disposition to re- lieve as far as possible the concern and anxiety of their work people. There are many mills now ran- ning half time, which could better afford to shut down entirely, but out of consideration for theim employés they still keep going. However, there is nothing lost by this policy. The work people will appreciate the humanity thas shown in their be- half and both capital and labor, in a moral point of ylew, Will be ail the better for it. In the Naugatuck Valley. WinsTgp, Nov. 10, 1873. This Naugatuck Valley, sixty miles long, ta a great centre of manufactures. It is not s0 well adapted as the Housatonic Valley for agriculture, but for the purpose to which it 19 at present ap- plied itis admirable. The water power is not ex- tensive, but it is very efficient and 1t is wholly utilized. The valley is long and narrow, and the streams are short and numerous, The ingenuity shown In the management and economy of the water power is characteristic of the people. Nota bucketful is wasted. The valley is full of fact oriea of all kinds, but chiefly of the class dealing in metals. The Naugatuck Railway runs. the entire length ofsixty miles, It is an excellent barometer of business in the valley. I find that its freight has fallen, of thirty-three and one- third per cent, and its passenger traffic twenty per cent. One special train has been hauled off a month earlier than usual. Wherever men could be spared to advantage they were discharged. All new work has been stopped, and the shops are running only eight hours, The construction trains have been taken off, but this might be afforded, as the road is excellently built. THE GILBERT CLOCK COMPANY here Is ranning with 150 hands on halftime. Tne Strong Manufacturing Company, which is engaged in the cheerful industry of making metallic wtm- mings for cofMfus, is running eight hours aday, with 70 hands. The scythe works have suffered a smail reduction of their force. The Clifton Mill Company, which manufactures calks for horseshoes, een hoes, &c., is on fulltime. The New Eng- land Pin Company, employing 65 hands, mostly young girls, runs eight hours a day. The tanneries, which are engaged in making binding leather, are running with reduced help. The Foundry Com- pany, employing 90 hands, are running on full time. There are about 100 bands out of work at this point. Some of these have saved money and some have not, but unless there is a change for the worse, all will soon be at work aghin. How a Factory was Extricated from Failure. WOLCOTVILLE, Nov. 10, 1873. Ihave heard of a case of a mill owner in this valley who had $115,000 in a bank in Waterbury at the time the panic broke out. It was all the ready cash he bad laid aside for the payment of his hands. Pay day had arrived, the bank was burst, and there was nothing to give the help after their month of toil. The owner told his workpeople how matters stood, ana said it would be necessary to close the mill for there was no money. They knew him to be a good man and they said they would manage with notes endorsed by him for their oceries, rent, &c., and keep tne mili going until tter times. eThey would “scratch along some- how," and they did, and the bank recovered and the money was restored, and the help were paid and bec mill promises to pull through the winter salely. The Turner, Seymour & Judd Company, engaged in the manufacture of light metailic goods, runs three days in the week and employs 130 hands, The Coe Brass Manofacturing Company are running full time and will be likeiy to keep on as they have large Russian order to fll They employ about 100 hands, The Excelsior Needle Works are run- ning full time with 60 hands, The Union Hardware Company, manufacturing beer coolers and skates, have been running with full force, but will be com- pelied to shut down, as they make a class of goods for which payment is seldom made until on or after the Ist of January. Money being the main consideration and little of it being avaliable the works will very likely bave to stop. Among the Cutlery Makers—Light Stocks of Hardware on Hand. New Brirary, Nov. 10, 1873, This town has sprung into active existence Within the last ten years. It has a population of 12,000, and the estimate is that two-thirds of that umber are engaged in manufactures. There are 600 working people thrown out of employment, but a large majority of that number manage to pick up casnal jobs around the workshops. There is no actual distress, Itookarun this morning through the factories and found the foliowing state of things :— RUNNING ON HALP TIME, Landers, Frary & Clark, cutlery and general hard- ware, 800 hands in two factories; P. & F. Corbin, builders’ hardware, 400 hands; Stanley Rule and Level Company, 250 hands; Worth & Jadd, hard- ware, 150 ha ‘Taylor Manufacturing Company, 50 hands; Judd & Biakesley, hardware, 50 hands; Humason & Beckley, hardware, 100 han New Britain Bank ck Company, 30 hands; Churchill, Lewis & Co., jewelry, 50 hands. RUNNING ON THREE-QUARTER TIME. Russell & Erwin Manufacturing Company, build- ers’ hardware, 600 hands; Stanley Works, hard- ware, 250 hands; Edward joane, hardware, 15 hands; National Wire Mattress Company, 25 nands; New Britain Rubber Company, 25 RUNNING ON PULL TIM Malleable Iron Works, 60 hands; New Britain Knitting Company, 300 janis; American Hosiery Jom 300 hands; N. B. White Lead Company, 0 hands; American Basket Company, 25 hands. Mr. Frary, of the first firm mentioned tn this tat, told me ali the factory men hoped to meet their obligations. He said the stocks of hardware throughout the country, in the hands of manufac- turers, jobbers and dealers, are very light; but not much to speak of will be made until after the 1st of January. Then, if the financial situation be good, trade will be good, PENNSYLVANIA. rprise Checked and Gener easiness Prevailing—Fifty Per Production Stopped=—The Question. Un- it of Currency PITTSBURG, Nov. 10, 1873. The numerous establishments of this great man- ufacturing centre feel the pressure of the financial embarrassments of the country, but not so much as some other places east of the mountains. The larger are kept going and with a comparatively small reduction of hands, though both the time and wages of labor have been reduced. Some of the smaller have stopped, though many remain in operation, While ali are affected, more or less, the ability tO continue work and the amount done depend @ great deal upon the nature of the indus try, as well a8 upon the realized capital and strength of the manufacturing firms, Those that produce articles of necessity and general demand are ess cramped and more hopeful than those who manafacture articles of luxury that can be dispensed with for & tune, Pittebure, having euch varied (ndnstriew Nias and many of them being long established and on & solid basia, can weather the storm better than places not having these advantages, Still, the un” certainty as to what may happen or how long the crisis may last creates general checks all enterprise. It is diMcult to ascertain precisely and in detail the amount of labor absolutely and partially sus- pended, and the production consequently cut off. ‘The manufactories are too numerous for that, and in some cases there is a disinciination to reveal the facts. However, from my conversations with proprietors, managers and workmen, end com- Paring one statement with another, [learn what the situation is generally, There are probably FIFTY THOUSAND LABORERS connected, more or leas, with the manufacturing interests in and immedistely around Pittsburg, in- cluding Alleghany and ether parts, out of a popu- lation of 260,000, There are, perhaps, sixty manu- factories, which, taken one with the other, employ 500 hands or 30,000, Some of the prone employ from 2,000 to 3,000, Jones & Laugniin, iron manu- facturers in general, for example, bad a working force of about 3,00) and now 3,300, By tar the greatest industry is in tron and steel works. ‘There are 54 foundries, 40 iron mulls, 9 steel mills, 6 malleable iron joundries, 80 machine shops, 2 locomotive works, 7 spring factories, Mt a umber of other works fyere apa dtee! ef here aré 11 brass foundries, 3 copper mills, 70 gi factories, 61 refineries, 27 tanneries and a umber of other manufacturing industries, The capital invested is over $130,000,000, $60,000,000 of which is in the various iron manufactures, and the roduct last peas, exmuslve of coal, was estimated P at nearly $100, o. FIFTY PER CENT OF PRODUCTION STOPPED, The interesting ee eee now is as to the effect produced upon all ‘ustry by the fluancial trouble of the time. After a carelul examination, and as far as 1 have been able to get at facts, £ think it is safe to filty per cent of production, on an ave! » has mn stopped. r has not been redus to the same extent, because the manufacturers, being desirous of keeping their workmen together and on hand, have kept many employed making repairs and putting their estab- lishments in order. In fact not a great many laborers comparatively have been discharged ab- solutely, ones all, or nearly all, who are kept employed, work on shorter time by the day or week. Then there is a general reduction of wages from ten to fifteen per cent. [f the manufacturers suffer Sareors such greatly reduced production and their capital being uoprotitable the workmen suifer also, Considering the reduction in the rate of wages and time of labor, the aggregate income of those employed is proba! forty per cent less than be- tore the crisis. Itais bard trial therefore for this class, but for the unemployed much harder. As a la portion of the laborers in th® factories are skilled workmen, men whose places could not be Supplied readily, the employers will make the cee efforts to keep them together while ridging over the existing trouble. THE LABORING CLASS here has a great advantage during the severe winter season over the working people east of the mountains, ia Ney England and the seaboard cities, for coak—Which is such a necessity of life—is only $2 fo $2 50a ton, while along or near the seaboard it is $6 or more. Besides, provisions generally are somewhat cheaper. I estimated tnat the cost of living at Johnstown, including coal and rent, was twenty to twenty-five per cent less than in the great cities east of the mountains. At Epae the difference may not be as great, but the cost ol living is much less. Conversing with some of the most intelligent working men—ieading men 01 the trade unions—I find there is a disposition generally to acquiesce, for the time, at least, in the reduction of wages and hoors of labor. They ao not like having their wages lowered, and say employers take advantage of the times to cut down the rate—that capital, in fact, seizes every opportunity to increase its profit and compete in business by bringing wages down to the lowest point, They grumble, but see the necessity of yielding ager existing circumstances, The times nave struck against them, and it would be madness for them to strike. WHAT THE FUTURE MAY BRING FORTH remains to be seen. It may be that the decline in the Ree of gold and tae lowering of values ge- nerailly may keep wages down in a correspondin; degree, Then, many of the workmen here, suc! as the puddiers, for instance, work upon the co- operative principle in a measure; that is, their wages vary with the price of iron. They work by the piece orton and get more or less for their work according to the price of iron in the market. These men, and they are generally among the most intelligent, are not likely to be so disposed to strike ag those who earn less or are not on suchan equitable basis as profits, The com Mminers around Pittsburg had been on a strike for some time for higher wages, but under the pressure of the times and see- ing the futility of standing out they returned to work last week. It is evident, however, that the trade unions and workingmen generally yield only, a8 a general of an army changes his position, from strategic considerations, and will not tamely submit to a permanent reduction of wages. One of the causes of the partial suspension of manufacturing industry here is, as everywhere else, the want of money, arising irom the hoarding of currency by the banks and individuals, The late panic, properly so called, and which really still exists, has alarmed people and destroyed their confidence. They do not know what is coming and are apprehensive. As an example, I may notice that nearly all the MONEY PAID OUT WEEKLY in wages here sormerly soon found its way to the banks through trade or deposits, but since the financial ditiiculty these institutions have received little comparatively. It has disappeared in a mysterious way, as if swallowed up by an earth- quake. The workmen, small traaers and others have put it caretully away, in order to be prepared for an uncertain future. Still money has not been so scarce that the manufacturers would not pa: their employés wholly or in part, Some have pai @ portion of wages in money and given notes for the balance. The scarcity of money has operatea in another way. Manutacturers could not collect as formerly, and consequently have been et 8 to sell on credit or to ex- tend their credit. No doubt there is a great deal of realized Ci ey in beg lag 3 and many solid establishments that are able to beara considerable pressure, yet the stability of some will be sorely tried should the existing difficulties be prolonged. Sometimes even large assets will not save a firm, if they be not immediately avail- able, as was the case with the Spragues, ai therefore, long continued financial pressure might shake some of the strong establishinents here. At present, however, they bear the shock, and we can only hope they will stand through the crisis. Not- withstanding the “ fIMIDITY AND CAUTION which stand waiting upon the development of events, there is a general, and, | think, well founded hope in the future. The Pittsburg man- ufacturers say the supply of goods on hand is not in excess of the real wants of the country; that these wants will increase while production 18 standing still, and that when confidence shail be restored there must be a revival of trade. It is only @ question of time—of the time when inse- cure firms will be swept away, values settled down to their intrinsic worth and the currency be un- locked and afloat again. Business men and the people generally through - out this part of Pennsylvania begin to look into our banking and currency system. While admit- ting the value of a national currency that passes everywhere without discount and that is based on the credit of the government, they see that tt does not prevent panics or a stringent money market. ‘They acknowledge it is infinitely superior to the old wildcat bank notes, which changed in value every fifty miles and which became valueiessin a great crisis, but realize the fact that it does not ta wal bank failures, the plundering of depositors, locking up Of money or the establishment of private buchu banking houses, ON THK FARO BANK PRINCIPLE all the money possible preparatory toa e Lioyd banking houses throughout the western part of this State, some fifteen or so in number, under a variety of Co.'s, but the name of Lioyd always connected with the Co. in some way or another, after raking in all the cash and hard earnings of the poor Pennsylvanians they could t hold of, burst up. These were not national ks, but shaving shops, yet the simple ple trusted them. Of course, the of story is told that the failure or embarrassments of the Eastern or New York house caused the collapse. People want to know if we cannot have @ currency that the banks will not be abie to control, and yet based upon the creait of the government. I find many in _ favor @ convertible or interchangeaole currency by using United States bonds and at the will of the holder. Since Judge Kelly, of this State, endorsed the scheme the Pennsylvanians are thinking about it seriously, The present state of things icads men to look for a remedy and & prevention of the evil in the future, A sound currency, of equal value in every part of the Republic, and over $700,000,000 of it in circulation, all based upon the government credit, and with a constant increase of the precious metals, does not prevent @ ruinously Astringent money market an consequent paralysis of busi- ness. What will, then? What mone’ system will? That is the problem of the time, City—Wages of yes Cut Down—Propo- to Supply the Poor with Bread=—The Th: com Mecting of Work- ingmen. , PHILADELPHIA, Nov. 11, 1873. In one of my communications I referred to the fact that the principal hotela were comparatively empty, and that their halls were almost deserted by the class of “drummers” and buyers who at this season of the year are accustomed to come on and purchase their goods. atthe time the statement was made your correspondent had at his command collateral evidence enough to prove it; but the fact was so patent to atl who chanced to enter the lobbies of the leading hotels here that auch action upon my part seemed at that time to be entirely unnecessary. Since then, however, it has pleased certain parties to contradict this remark, and insist that [had no other motive than to piace Philadel phia in an unfevorabie itght before the people at largo, One of the local journals (Forner’s Press) Makes the following announcement this morning ‘upon its editorial page :— ‘Our hotels ally doing 1 year, and aoveral of theth sweny percent vets In no better way could the error of this paragraph be shown than in this:—Some time ago the proprie- tors of all the leading hotels held a meeting, or rather & series of meetings, which the alarming condition of local affairs absolutely compelled them to call, The representation was exceedingly large, ond it was ananimously decided that the wages of all parties under employment as servants should be reduced twenty per cent; and, by inquiring this morning, 1 learn that all hotel servants are work- ing under precisely these conditions to-day. Phil- adelphia in this respect 1s in no better or no worse condition than any other large city of our Union; but such a statement as that reproduced above is not only calculated to misrep- resent the actual state of affairs, but also has a tendency to close the channels of pubiic charity, since, when our hotels are doing a good business, it is an evidence that every branch of trade is thriving accordingly, AGGERATION AND EXAGGERATION, There is no use for any one to attempt ¢o smooth over these troublesome times. An aggeration in this direction is as bad as exaggeration in the other, The condition of the laboring classes here is deplorable, and unless the Mayor's message to the Council is acted upon I do not see how that condition can be improvea, There is no other city of the Union which, just at this time, can do 80 much for her poor ag Philadejphia; and, if the poor suffer this wiNter in this Commonwealth, the people, and not circumstances, are to blame, nile the press on the one hand underrates the condition of the hotels, it is nevertheless just awaking to the facts long ago set forth in the col- umns of the Heap. A proposition is made editorially this morning as follows :— A KSGIVING FUND. A good way to earnestness on this particular oc- casion, in view of Agpfact that hundreds and thousands are now thrown oug’of employment and are thus de- rived of the means of earning their daily bread. would @ to form societies and make contributions for the relief of the poor, to supe! them with bread, coal, clothing, &c., and to see that none suifer for want of these or for’ proper shelter. Such thanksgiving would be Practicablo as weil as earnest, and quite effective as & measure ral reform. ip service is probably no more effwctive beyond the earth than upon t, Of the 756,00) inhabitants of this city let 700,0.0 people of all ages each resolve to puta ten cent note into the Thanksgiving fund, which would be $70,000 for the reliet of the destitute coliected in one day. In Now York they raised a large sum for the orphans of the plague-stricken South by putting up boxes at the election polls. Now tne lague of poverty is at our own doors, and we can drive oe by the easiest effort and the cheapest benevo- THE WORKINGMEN CALL ON THE MAYOR. The workingmen of this city, yielding at last to the immense pressure of the crisis, called upon the Mayor this morning, a committee speaking for the mass. The delegation was made up of Mrs. Elizabeth French, along with numerous gentlemen of the working class, Mrs. French, a lady widely known for her philanthropy, acting as speaker for the rest, although her address was supple- mented by several others upon the part of the men. The committee stated that any kind of work would be avceptable ; that they could not beg, and dreaded to be treated aspaupers. They solicited any em- ployment that would rescue them from their im- pending fate. . =A The Mayor responded abont as follows:— ° . Be Prk {ze REPLY. * T am pleased fo méct committee. Itisnot only my duty, but my pleasure, to afford the poor and needy ail the ald within my power. Many misrepresentations of my views have tound their way intojcertain met- ropolitan journals, which have led some to believe that I cared but little for the condition of the working classes. The contrary of thig is the truth. Anything to ameliorate their present condition, thing to lift them above these wrecks brought upon them by panic and destitution, and any movement calculated to improve their condition in the slightest degree will meet at once with heawtiest co-operation. I think, however. that something more 1s necessary than outdoor work. Thousands accus- tomed to work indoors would so break down in health by external exposure that their condition would be worse than it is now. So far as municipal work and aid are concerned, a letter shou'd be addre: to the City Couneils, in which the necessities of the de- serving classes could be clearly stated. om- mittes to investigate the matter should be ap- pointed with the view of ascertainit what means could be secured for furnisiing employment for the many thousands now idle. There is no doubt that the cominities woold thoroughly do the work, but, in the meantime, I desire you all to understand that im always approachable; that there is no complaint, No sppeal, I will not hear; no worthy object that { will not endeavor to further. THE THEATRES. In my conversation with the managers of several theatres I was informed that business had seldom, il ever, been so bad, and many of them assured me vhat, considering the times, it was ‘remarkable that they were doing as well as they are. There never has been an actor who re- ceived such unanimous praise as Salvini secured daily from the public press of this city: nor has there ever been a Lhe actor who played to such miserably smafi audiences while here as he. The majority of the local theatres Are of the ferent order and hence derive their greatest support di- rectly from the laboring classes. So long as labor has not the means wherewith to buy its daily bread at is dificult to imagine from what quarter it can obtain the means to recreate and amuse itself. DRUNKENNESS ON THE INCREASE. fe looking over the reports of the lieutenants of police one finds here, asin New York, an unusual amount of drunkenness and rowdyism in the sub- urban districts where many, ind aban, 4 over their Unexpected sorrows and seeing no hope for the winter, take to the resort so trequent to the labor- ing class and drown their consciousness in drink, r) been stated bejore, the complaints of petit larceny are exceed- ingly numerous. Indeed, since I have been engaged upon this letter a party bas been brought up jor stealing and disposing of seven sets of harness. So long as the present labor crisis continues we mast naturally expect to hear of such complaints every hour, and must not be surprised if the par- ties arraigned in some instances are recognized as those whom the community has hitherto regarded as honest and upright men. Before we censure the thief let us call to mind the agony of THE MAN IN NEED OF A LOAF. The day has arrived without the announcement of any failures in addition to those chronicled last week. The notices of suspensions, however, sel- dom come in until several days after the doors are actually closed, and before the history of last Sat- urday night can fally written I must needs wait @ day or two. While, thus tar, no suspensions have reached the ears of the pub- lic, no resumptions, on the other hand, have taken place. There was one large mill which closed on Saturday under the announcement of re- pairs. Iheard one of the employés remark this morning that he thought the repairs would occupy all the time intervening between this and spring. Still, sufficient 1s not known to put this exceeding! large establishment under the head of “SUSPENDED.” The extensive woollen manufactory of Amidouric Rittennouser is closed up, and it is said that all the machinery has beep sold, and that the Fair- mount Park Commission are w tear down the buildings. On Saturday evening the leading men of this city held a large mass meeting, the cause which called them there in council being exceed- ingly sad, and a committee was appointed to Walt upon the city government to urge upon it that means be at once taken to re- lieve the misery and destitution of the poor. it 18 & recognized fact that the true laborer is the k man to or in any way so- licit aid, so that this general movement on the part of the workingmen indicates more definitely than anything eise the absolute distress unto which they have been gion tle It is now time for the public press of the city to take these facts to heart, and use its full power and strength to awaken within the minds of the people @ jull appreciation of the actual condition of aifairs. With factories closed, miils silent and business generally impeded; with misery, destitu- tion and suffering in the thoroughfares; with hun- er, cold, poverty and want in thousands of lone}; wellings, the situation calla for quick, willing ani eloquent pens; for generous passions, emotions and sympathies, and for con! le and exten- sive donations. There is no subject which onght to so interest the people as that which treats of their poor. There is no measure which should so engage their attention as how to take care of the destitute. Now, more than at any other season in our history, this subject is of national importance, and no one would be hardy enongh to presume that the local press, even conservative and indifferent as it is, will neglect THR REQUIREMENTS OF THIS HOUR and permit the better half of the city to remain in utter ignorance of the manner in which the poorer half is compelled to live. Tours should be imsti- tuted tn | the laboring classes; the condition of the lower districts should be thoroughly investi- gated, and the result laid plainly aud fully before the readers of all the local sneets, so that their sympath could be touched and their generosity awakene: If these things are not done; i such investigations are not made; if the people are to remain in ig- norance of the causes which demand their liber- ality, well, then, in ail the strength, power and soul of the phrase, “God pit, | Liess the poor |’ MICHIGAN. Effects of the Eastern Financial Disas- ters on the State—The Volume of Busi- ss @ Trifle Less than Uw 1—The Lumber Interest—Cheerless News from the Mines. Derrorr, Nov. 8, 1873. When Jay Cooke & Co, failed the people of Michi- gan looked upon it as @ far off disaster in which they could not be greatly concerned. In two days, however, the tidal wave came swelling in and there was a rash of depositors to the savings banks which, foreseeing the evil, took to hiding them- selves behind the provision which granted them thirty days’ notice and this subdued the excite. ment measurably, Private banking houses who had been keeping a line of savings account on their own hook were also sasailed and the community ‘was startled at the suspension of David Preston & o,, and surprised, perhaps, at the suddenness of i David Preston was our Jay Cooke, our reli- gious financier, and white we were over the event F. L. Seitz & Go, shut their doors, Both soon resumed and are now in operation, and) this is the extent of the disaster which the , directly entailed upon the banking interest ef Detroit. Sheldon & Co., at Saginaw, soon went under for $110,000, of which they hepe to pay half; . Miller & Webster, Of Ann Arbor, were swamped, owing $76,000, of, which the creditors hope to get one quarter; and these are the only ruins createt by the panic in ‘ THE BANKS OF MICHIGAN. i To-day the banks of Detroit, as well as throngln- Out the State, are well supplied with currency an¢ are readily discounting for their customers to any reasonable amount. The line of sayings deposits has diminished a little, and business deposits are not quite up to fair weather mark; the volume of business is 8 trife less than usual; and bankers are perhaps rather more exacting in the quality of the paper they take than business men who offer it like, Still, considering the uncertatnty that is abroad in the land, it may be said that the banks and their customers are getting along very well together, Tne important interests of Michigan are ner wheat crop, her mines and her lumber and salt. products. In Detroit are several extensive manu- facturing establishments and works dependent upon these State interests, so that whatever affects the business enterprise of Detroit is felt throughout the State and vice versa. In this city there are four car manufacturing companies, several tron works, and some of the largest to- bacco works in the United States, and all these branches of business, with one or two exceptions, are unfavorably affected by the present disturb- ance of the finances. Perhaps THE LUMBER INTEREST is the largest in the State. We have nearly 1,000 miles of lake shore, into which innumerable rivers drain, bearing upon their bosoms the produot of the pineriés. Many thousand men are engaged during the winter months in getting out logs for the mills to consume through the summer; but this winter these operations inthe woods will be curtailed more than one-half; first, because of @ surplus left over from last winter's logging, and, secondly, because of the scarcity of money with which to do the business. For the last two years our forests have produced 2,800,000,000 of fee. of logs and lumber yearly. In those years Chicago took 1,200,000,000 ieet annually, and all but a small portion came from Michigan. This year she will require 150,000,000 less, and it is the opinion of some oi the heaviest operators that the market ts stocked for a year to come, or vhat lumber sufficient to meet all demands tor a twelvemonth is piled in the manufacturing districts, One indication that this is true may be found in the fact that the price has been declining ever since last spring, even be- fore a panic was dreamed of. Detroit dealers su ply trom their lauds up the lakes, about 60,000, annually to New York and Ohio, of long logs, some ot whic! oes down the Hudson to meet require- ments of the trade in the great city. These logs go to supply the square timber to be used in the con- struction of large buildings, bridges, &c,, and at resent there is no great call for this class/of bye ity. Tittabewassee boom has 600,000,000 of logs, and will only get out about halfof these for the mills; and Sage & McGraw, a New York con- cern, with one of the largest, if not the largest juillin the world, at Bay City, has 50,000,000 hung up. Though the prices at Ene aes here and Ohio have dwindled but little, thé figurés at the mills, have dropped, until it is averred that fumber to-day as cheap agit was before the war. Ordinal the prices ruled at $7, $14 and $35; now they are $5, $10 and ben and a man with a pocket of greenbacks could go intoa mill yard and to-day, make fearful havoc with even these figures. ‘The’ usiness has lately had a tendency to get into the hands of heavy capitalists, and these men, of un- doubted ability, are terribly cramped to meet the feqiaresne ‘of their business at their mills and in their pineries, while the decline in still more to their discomfiture. The best judges fix the operations in lumber this year at abous one-third the usual amount. Intelligence ‘from the mines of the upper peninsula is, on the whole, cheerless, especially among the iron miners. The iron ore is not in demand ex- cept on time, and time is not money to the mining companies, They are to-day crippled and suffer- ing from the effects of too much credit heretofore extended to their customers, Had there been no panic, and could the mills have dtsposed of their product as before the panic, all would have been well with the iron miners. But they sell their ore on four montha? time, and a vast amount of paper maturing within the last four weeks has come home to them In. Many of the miners, con- sequently, have discharged their hands, and those still in operation have decided upon a reduction of twenty-five per centin wages, Parties who had contracted for ore refuse now to take it, as th cannot pay for it, and the companies, unwillin; grant credit to an indefinite future, shut up. [tis expected that the Lake Superior furnaces will be kept running, perhaps all winter, if the men accept the reduced wages. But practically, THE IRON BUSINESS 18 AT & DEADLOCK. The mills in this vicinity are still running, on contracts, but will-stop in the course o! month. There are no calls for new rails from par- ties acceptable to the ironmasters, and there cam be no reasonable expectation that there will be for the present. The Chicago mills work with about 1,00 men; and they, too, have probably a month’s work on hand—no more. The Milwaukee mils, with 750 men, are no better off; the Joliet works are é1 wholly on steel, and the Cleveland mills, pinched like the others because of profitiess paper, is doing something; but not a contract for ore has been made this year. Generally, the mills, at this season, have contracted for the ore that will keep them ranning the ensuing year, and, no contracts being thus made for next spring’s supply, the prospect for an extensive revival of the iron workings next year is not flattering. Th 1s to be a hard winter among the 8,000 Or 10,000 miners of the upper peninsula, The mills at Wyandotte, just below this city, will set 600 men afloat when their doors are closed, and when they are closed they will remain shut until orders come from some responsible source. As their work is principally the rolling of rails, and as the railroads are mot branching out into any avoidable expense, the resumption of work at Wyandotte will probably be an event of months beyond. The eg companies are not affected as seri- ously as the iron men, because, instead of giving Jour months’ credit, like them, they take the cas! for their copper, and because, also, of the small production in this country compared with the con- sumption, Lake Superior copper is held at a cent or two higher in the market then imported copper, being purer, but foreign sources are opined to fur- nish about 4,000 tons @ year to meet the demand in this country. Hence, wing @ ready market for all their product, and h im hand when it was delivered, the panic found the copper companies, as a body, ready for it. There are a iew weak mines which will suffer, and will govern themselves accordingly; but the dividend paying mines, like the “Calumet and Hecla,” which is probably the largest copper mine in the world, Keeping 900 men Le) Nir under ground, will not reduce their force at al The Saginaw Salt product, this year, 13 to be anoat. 800,000 barrels, against 750,000 last year. This in- terest is not seriously affected. The decline in price is very slight and the production is not di- muinished, There are about 2,000 hands employed in the tobacco manufacture in this city, and the business is going along as usual. Toe 600 men employed in the manufacture of shoes are patd full prices, but work only three-quarter time. The 600 men of the stone works work full time, ata reduction of ten per cent. The large furniture makers work full time and know no reason why their business will not be like that of the preceding winters, ‘The same holds good 93 to minor manufacturing enter- prises, which it is not important to specify, THE WHEAT MARKET, This 1s the chief market for winter wheat in the Northwest, The crop of this year was not as as that of each of the two preceding years, and the price at which it opened was not wholly satis- factory to the farmers, so that while a fair move- ment had taken place, the producers had not been free in their deliveries. Since the panic com- menced receipts have largely fallen off; the market has been tame and the price having declined, was still less satisfactory to the farmers. Buyers for the Eastern markets have been very cautious, tak- ing only at to meet the current light demand, At first it Was believed that the panic would be temporary, and that an improved demand would follow before the close of navigation. This expec- tation has not been fully realized. For the past two weeks receipts have improved, though they are still light, and with the close of naviga- tion will not exceed one half of those of last year. It 18 thought, however, that there is more Wheat in the hands of farmers, compared with the eld, than is common at this time of the year. The jour market is pay and unsatisfactory, and since the panic very light indeed. For this season the receipts have only been one-third those of last year. Our local millers, who have built up a good Kast- ern trade, have had a fair business ail the tall, and thus far have continued to operate without cessa- tion and found @ market for all their pro~ ducts. The prospect for the winter encourages the hope only of a moderate demand for consumption. Export or speculative demand is not looked tor. THE PRICE OF WHEAT has fallen off twenty cents a bushel in the last ai weeks, in sympathy with the shij interest, which this year, up to the panic, was flourishing unprecedentedly, But the panic the movement of grain; cents for wheat irom Onieago to Bul six or seven cents, and lumber freights also dwindling, the vessels went in swarms to the docks for winter quarters, The withdrawal Of vessels improved the chan those whitch re~ mained, and freights a pila better, but still most unsatisfactory, je in ita various branches is closea, Country purchasers take no stock beyond ‘heir Immediate necessities, and everybody ts look ing out for the worst and ns gg for the Michigan, all things considered, is in fair condt- on, She 1s @ littie snug just now, but her soil rich Red a a tof low, and ail the ele stop) freights fell from fifteen Talo to cheerfully, for the clouds her energies will be encour life and Wwrore

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