The New York Herald Newspaper, February 13, 1873, Page 3

, a V 8 PAIN Amadeus’ Message of Resigna- tion of the Crown, His Majesty’s Reasons for Va- cating the Throne. ACCEPTANCE BY THE CORTES. The Republic .Voted by the Nation. Constitutional Debate and Formal Promulga- tion of the Democratic System, NAMES OF THE NEW MINISTERS. Italian Naval Preparation for the Em- barkation of the Ex-Monarch. ‘A Gentlemanly Farewell by the Spaniards. Popular Quiét and Citizen Confidence. LEGISLATIVE PERFECTION OF THE CRISIS, Tho Army and National Guard at “Atten- tion” and Loval. < The Bourvons, Bourbonists and the “Reds” in Motion. TELEGRAMS TO THE NEW YORK HERALD. “Warts, Feb. 12, 1873, An Italian frigate has sailed from this port for Lisbon, to meet the ex-King Amadeus and convey him to Italy. Another Italian man-of-war has gone to Valencia to bring away His Majesty's attendants and the Seurt equipage lately in use in Macrid. Wrench Report of the Hour of Departure. Panis, Feb. 12, 1873. A despatch has been received here from Madrid BSannouncing that arrangements had been made for King Amadeus and the royal family to leave that eity at six o'clock this morning. Whe Situation in Madrid—Parliament the Hope of the Nation. Lonpon, Feb. 12—10 A, M. Since six o’clock this morning despatches have been received frem Madrid giving an account of Shesituation existing there, which is more favor- Bbie than was hoped here last night. No distur- bance of any kind is reported, and there seems to be a disposition on all hands to maintain order and papport the measures of the Spanish provisional puthorities. THRE CORTES IN SESSION. ‘The Cortes yesterday was the central point of in- terest, and bulletins of its proceedings were anx- lousy awaited by crowds of persons in all the pub- Uc places of the city. ‘The two houses sssembied at alate hour in the GA). ens ROYAL MESIAGE OF ABDICATION. The formal message of abdication of King Ama- Geus was read in each Chamber separately. ‘The message opens with the statement that the King has maturely considered the question of what course he ought to pursue with reference to the Spanish throne, and has firmly resolved upon that of abdication. When he accepted the crown he did so mnder the belief that the loyalty of the people who had called hii would compensate for the inexperi- ence which he brought to his task. He had found that herein he was deceived. If the enemies who beset his path had been foreigners he would not have taken the course now determined upon; but they are Spaniards, By them Spain had been kept 4m perpetual disquiet. All nis efforts to quiet her or put an end to the intrigues which were the ®ource of her agitation had proved unavailing. It ‘Was not enough that he had a partisan support. Be had no wish to remain on the throne as the King ofaparty. He therefore announced his abdi- cation on behalf of himself and his heirs, THE LEGISLATIVE BODY SOVEREIGN. Upon the completion of the reading of the mes- Gage the Senate and Congress met together, in the chamber of the latter, and constituted themselves the sovereign Cortes of Spain. Sefior Rivero, President of the Congress, was ealled to the chair, and, in a brief speech, deciared Rimself ready to answer for the preservation of order and the execution of the decrees of the wovereign power. ACCEPTANCE OF THE CROWN RESIGNATION. A vote was then taken on the question of accept- 42g without discussion the abdication of Amadeus, and it was accepted unanimously. NATIONAL REPLY AND A COURTEOUS CONGE. Acommittee from the members of the Senate ‘and Congress was then appointed to draft a reply to the message, and another commission charged te accompany the King to the frontier, THE REPUBLIC VOTED, Sefior Pi y Margall then proposed a resolution establishing a Republic, and vesting in the Assembly the supreme power. ‘The resolution was adopted by the following Vote :— ¥ Bay THE SESSION CONTINUED, The Assembly was still in session when the foregoing was telegraphed from, Madrid, THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RE- PUBLIC. Legisiative Election of the Ruling Power. MapRID, Feb. 12, 1873. The Spanish Cortes to-day elected the following government :— Figueras, for President of the Council, received 24 votes. Cordoba, Ministers of War, 239 votes, ‘ NEW YORK HERALD, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 13, 1873.—TKIPLE SHEET. Piy Margall, Minister of the Interier, 243 votes. ‘Nicolas Salmeron, Minister of Justice, 242 votes. Francisco Salmeron, Minister of the Colonies, @ | 238 votes. Beranger, Minister of Marine, 246 votes, Castelar, Minister ef Foreign Affairs, 245 votes, Becerra, Minister of Public Works, 233 vetes, Echegaray, Minister of Finance, 242 votes. ‘The newly-elected members of the government took their seats upon the Ministerial bench. MINISTERIAL ADDRESS, Sefior Figueras then addressed the Assembly. He said he owed his appointment to political cir- eumstances, He believed Oranez would have been nominated had he been present, He promised that the Spanish people shoud in future have the utmost freedom in the chélce of their rulers and representatives. , The Minister then read nunierous telegrams from the provinces, showing that the public peace and order had been everywhere preserved. He hoped the Republic wonld be established forever, and that Spain would henceforth exercise her just influence in the affairs of Europe. He believed that other Latin nations would not be sipw to imitate her ex- ample. The government now chosen would insure the national integrity. The Assembly then adjourned. A President of the Cortes will be elected to- morrow. PEACE AND JOY, ‘The city is quiet. To-night the revolution will be celebrated by # grand illumination, THE LATEST NEWS. Details of the Progress and Accomplish- ment of the National Revolutionist Crisis. Lonpow, Feb, 12—Noon. Further details of the proceedings in the Spanish Cortes yesterday have just been received. The resolution of Sefior Pi y Margall, before reported as adopted by a vote of 256 to 82, com- prised several propositions, among which were the following :— That Spain be declared a Republic.. That the National Assembly assume all powers of the supreme authority, hat they appoint a responsible government to execute their decrees, That to. another Assembly, to be hereafter elected, be referred the duty of determining the form of the constitution. The resolution was divided into several parts, and each part was voted upon separately. The provisions declaring the Republic and vest- jag the sovereign power in the Assembly were adopted. The remaining clauses were then taken up. for discussion. DEBATE AND RECRIMINATION. Sefior Salmeron supported the remaining clauses of the resolution. Sefior Zorrilla demanded that a new government be elected before the proposals of Pi y Margall were adopted. Sefior Rivero answered that the President of the Cortes was responsible for the preservation of the public peace and order. Sefior Zorrilla came down into the body of the Chamber and urged the propriety of his demand. He was called to order by the President, and asked to resume his seat upon the Ministerial bench. A SCENE AND SENSATION. Sefior Martos, Minister of Foreign Affairs, said it was to be deplored that the President kept up the forms of tyranny when the monarchy was being superseded by the Republic. “‘W Sefior Rivero thereupon left the chair and house, and Sefior Figuerola was called to preside in nis Place. T itatesmen, the People and the Army. 4 Lonpov, Feb. 12—1 P. M. The following despatch from Madrid has just been received :— It is believed here that Sefior Rivero, President of the Cortes, will be elected President of the Pro- visional Republic established by the vote of last night. Perfect order is preserved in Madrid. The attitude of the troops of the regular army and of the National Guard ts satisfactory. THE BOURBONS AND THE “REDS.” Movements To and From Paris=The Princes and the People—French Care for the Maintemance ef Order. Panis, Feb. 12, 1873, Prince Alphonse, the son of the ex-Queen Isa- bella of Spain is expected to arrive in Paris to- morrow, from Vienna. It 1s said the principal communists of London, Brussels and Geneva have started from those cities for Madrid. The French government has issued instructions to the authorities along the Spanish frontier to re- double their vigilance, for the prevention of viola- tions of French neutrality. THE SITUATION TO-DAY. The Ex-King Amadeus, Ex-Queen Isa- bella, the Carlists and the Church— Plots, Projects and Prayer. Lonpon, Feb. 13~6 A. M. Despatches from Madrid announce that ex-King Amadeus, with his wife and children, has gone to Lisbon, where he will remain until Spring. Paris telegrams report that Don Carlos is pre- Paring to take advantage of the crisis in Spain to push his claims to the throne. A meeting was held at the residence of the Duke d’Aumale yesterday, at which 100,000,000 francs were subscribed to aid the Duke de Montpensier in operations against the Republic in Spain. Masses are to be celebrated for the success of the Bourbon cause. Prince Francois d’Assise, the consort of ex- Queen Isabella, has left Paria for Madrid. Sefior Olozaga to-day took leave of Presiden, Thiers and leaves probably for the same destina- tion, THE MOVEMENT IN ENGLAND. Shipments of Arms to Spain and the a Antilles. Loxpon, F@. 12, 1873, The Spanish Consul at Liverpool }a8 offered a liberal reward for information whict will lead to the discovery of shipments of arms t the insur- gents in Spain and insurrectionists {2 the Spanish colonies, THE NEWS IN WASHINGTON. Our Government and the Spanish Re- publics What Is Thought ai the State Department—General ickikg §=Stimu- lating the Republi a, WASHINGTON, Fib, 12, 1873, The action of theSpanish Cortes in resolving Spain into a Republic so suddenly dos not warm the Stave Departmen _It jp conceded that Rivero has all the qualifications for a President, and Would enforce the new idea with zeal; but his en- thastasm is not always the ardor of nature. He is said tobe very brusque when his fery natare is stimulated with rare old wine. The peaceful diplomatic policy of our government cannot be reconciled to the hot blood of the proposed Spanish President, and hence a doubt as to success if Ri- vero istobe the first President. It is asserted, however, that if Spain is in carnest no govern- ment will more cordially weicome her into the sisterhood of Republics than the United States; for it is believed that the first duty fuitilied would be to stop hostilities in Cuba, declare amnesty for those expatriated, restore the confiscated es- tates, refer the question of independence to a plé- bdiscite, whether the colonies should become States of the Republic, and finally iu the spirit of a true republicanism abolish slavery forever. The State Department is encouraged to hope that the claims of American citizens pending before the Spanish American Claims Commission would be much sooner settied under a republican form of govern- ment than under @ monarchy, and the unpleasant relations growing out of the existing state of affairs in the Island be speedily obliteratea. It is even asserted that our Minister at Madrid, under Mmstructions from the Secretary of State, has ex- cised all of his ability to shape sentiment in !avor of the step taken, and although the act of Amadeus May appear sudden, his intention has been known for some time, Secretary Fish does not care to discuss the ‘subject until he is fully advised by despatches from Madrid of the exact situation. THE SPANISH MINISTER. What Admiral Polo Thinks of the Situ- ation in Spain—His Government Not Retrogressive—C: Not To Be Aban- doned—Amadeus an Honest and Liberal Prince. WASHINGTON, Feb. 12, 1873. The abdication of King Amadeus has excited a great deal of comment in oficial circles of the gov- ernment and among the diplomatic corps in this city. The representatives of the Old World mon- archies are attracted to one another by a common sense of danger and congregate at their favorite club on Fifteenth street for the purpose of discuss- ing the great event. They look at each other with troubled faces, as much as to say, “Here is one of the oldest monarchies in Europe gone to the deuce, Which of us next 1” Your correspendent called this evening on Ad- miral Polo, the Spanish Mimster, for the purpose of eliciting his opinion regarding the strange turn of affairs in Spain and obtaining additional informa- tion on the subject. The Admiral was engaged reading @ despatch when he was shown into his presence, The Spanish Minister has the reserve of a diplomat, but now and then the frankness of the sailor would break out through the restraint of his oMcial position. He speaks English with fluency and correctness, and has a pleasani, en. gaging manner. The conversation began as fol- lows :— “Well, Admiral, have you any further news from Spain?” Admiral PoLo (pointing toa telegraph tape)—I have just received a despatch announcing the proc. lamation of the republic. “Will you allow me to translate it ?” “Yes, certainly: I will translate it for you. It reads as follows :— ‘THE PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY TO THE REPRESENTATIVE OF SPAIN aT WaSH- INGTON :— ‘The Senate and Chamber of Deputies, consti- tuted iu sovereign assembly, after accepting the abdication of King Amadeus, ‘have proclaimed the Republic by a vote of 358 to 32, on February 11.’"” CORRESPONDENT—Now the question is, Will the Republic improve the condition of Spain, and will it last? Admiral PoLlo—I am at such a great distance from the scene of the event that I cannot give any decided opinion on this subject. I have been @way about two years from my country, and while there always confined myself to my naval protession, never meddling with politics. I have been content to serve my country without at- taching much importance to forms of government, as long as it is a liberal one. I can now only judge by the facts I know. A large majority of the Spanish Congress profess radical or advanced libe- ral opinions, hence they must be in harmony with the sentiment of the people they represent; and having once set up a republic, J suppose they will give it a fair trial. “Has Prince Alfonso, the son of Isabella, or the Carlist pretender any chance to the throne?” “The administration of Sefior Zorrilla has been a liberal one, one in conformity with the sentiment of Congress and the country. Whatever may be the ultimate form of government, it does not seem logical that the Spanish people should retrograde by a return to despotism. It seems more probable that they will preserve the advance they have made.” “What might have been the cause of King Amadeus’ abdication?” “4 have not received the slightest information on the subject. It is as much a mystery to me as to the rest of the world. I have read a cable despatcn in the HeRaLp saying that the German papers hint that the King’s abdication was caused by French intrigues, but I do not believe a word of it.”” “] suppose Sefior Zorrilla will be the President of the new Republic ” “I do not know any more about it than you do, Madrid is like Paris—a city of surprises. One cannot tell what the next day may bring forth. I suppose there are several aspirants to that position,’” “Will the new order of things in Spain produce any change in the relations with Cuba?” “Suppose your Congress were to make some change in the constitution, such, for instance, as the election of President and Vice President by a direct vote of the people, would that cause any disintegration of your territory ? I should say ng The same rule applies to us, Whatever may be the form of the government in Spain its fundamental poliey, I think, caunot be other than to maintain the integrity of the Spanish dominions. The change from monarchy to republicanism can only affect the internal affairs of the country. It may do this, however; it may be an impetus for the introduction of further reforms in Spain and her colonies.”” CORRESPONDENT—What do you think, Admiral, of King Amadeus and the course he nas pursued ¢ Admiral PoLo—I think he was an honest and lib- eral prince, who had the interest of the Spanish peo- ple at heart. He was always anxious to do his best for the country, but events over which he had no control have compelled him to adopt the step he has taken. The conversation would have been prolonged, but Amiral Polo was obliged to attend the Presi- dent’s reception. WHY AMADEUS ABDICATED. The Correspondence of Mr. Fish and General Sickles the Operating Cause— Prospects of the Republic—Opinions of @ Spanish Editor. Sefior Ferrer De Couto, editor of El Cronista, being questioned yesterday as to what he thought of the Spanish revolution, made the following statement :— ‘The Spanish intolerance of foreign interference, he thought, was little understood by foreigners. No Ministry and no government would be sup- ported or tolerated for-any length of time that suo- mitted to foreign dictation or looked to any other government for countenance and support. That was the chief mistake made by the provisional Cannes that ended with the assassination of ‘im and the entbronement of Itaian. That whole movement was concocted and carried into execution by men who lived by and for office. ‘They maintained @ certain amount of influence and control with the ariny, bnt aever had any respectable Le Ay | of citizens, The exhaus- tion following the chronic state of revolution in Spain alone made its establishment possible, and its continuance in power was more due to appre- hension of the loss of Cuba as & censequence of continued revolution than to any inherent power 1m the government, A A morning paper had endeavored te show that the advancement of Don Hidalgo had precipitatea this trouble. This Seior de Coute thought to be totally unfounded. The real eperating cause was the correspondence between the Spanish govern- ment and Messrs. Fish and Sickles. A gevernment only tolerable beiore became intolerable When such correspondence was received with complacency bi Spanish king, The magner in which the Spanis people received it demonstrated to jeus the impossibility of his ever ohtaining the confidence of the » and he abdicated. awe it that the establishment of a republic an be law-making power, he peat ‘ht reconcile the discordant ele: in thought that ards Pie peing had littie conddence in re The to the one just declared would, in his opinion, culminate within the first four or five lize, in Carlists already in arms might crystal- ey Cyne to & republic, with the adher- ents of Prince Alfonso and other elements of dis- cord, and the Republic would be in great danger. Prince Alfonso & powerful influence in the army 96 well as among the aristocratic portion of the mish people. Don Carlos com- bined most of the influence of priesthood and bigotry. He was supported, besides, by the northern provinces forming the old Kingdom of Navarre. e constitutional monarchy had de- rived these provinces of long-established priv- Heges, such as immunity from military service, exemption from tax on tol and free municipal fovermmente, They had joined with Carlos in opes of having these privilezes re-established. Fatlure to act in concert, he thouzht, the power of this opposition, but protracted civil war is likely to result in any c: if the Republic should be firmly estabit: |, he concluded that it would be of the most democratic description, a to- tal abolition ef class powers and privileges. He Personal felt go little confidence in peaceful times shat he should continue his residence in this coun- try. Hz felt clear on one point, that Spanish char- acter had been vindicated. Sixty years ago they had put Napoleon and a miltion of men out of their country at the toe of their boot, and the latest for- eign ruler had followed in the same footsteps. THE NEW GOVERNMENT. —_—-— THE PRESIDENT OF THE SPANISH RE- PUBLIC. ‘ ASSN « oer History of Nicolas Marian Rivero—The First Republican Deputy to t Core tes—His Wondrous Eloquence—As Editor of La Discusion—His Duel with Colonel Rodas—His Signature to the Treaty for the Sale of Cuba. Nicolas Maria Rivero, late President of the Cortes, ‘who, in all probability, will be the future President of the Spanish Republic, is adoctor of medicine and lawyer by profession, and practised both pro- fessions with eminent success at Valencia till he gave his attention to politics, and was one of the republican agitaters in Spain when Europe was convulsed by the revolutionary upheaval of 1848, He entered the political arena in 1856, and by his impassionea eloquence and logical flow of thought, second only, perhaps, to that of Castelar, gained himself a name and fame, In consequence of his advanced republican theories he was elected, in 1858, Deputy to the Cortes frem Murviedo, the ancient Sagunto, where Hannibal was de- feated by the Iberians, a town of 15,000 inhabitants, situated at about a dozen miles irom his native city of Valencia. Sefior Rivero has, it may be here remarked, the honor of being, in 1858, the first re- publican representative sent by the Spanish people to the Cortes, and hiselectors have learned by his subsequent conduct that their choice was not a mistaken one. Contemporaneous, however, with Rivero, ana among the early founders of the reputy. lican party on @ solid basis in Spain, may be here mentioned with honor, José Maria Orense, Marquis of Alpayda. Rivero, itis needless to say, has rep- resented Murviedo since the first time that he gained the suffrages of the people of that city. AS AN EDITOR, While at Madrid attending to his oficial duties he was offered the position of editor of the recently established republican organ Za Discusion, and his fearless and facile pen did infinite good to the cause to which he had sworn to devote his life and energies. The position he occupied was a dificult one, to say the least, for he was beset with enemies on every side, and the slighteet imprudence on his part, as the director, would in all probability have caused the suppression of his newspaper. But with his frank and outspoken nature it was diMcult for him, in spite of the overwhelming corruption of the Court, to refrain from calling a spade a spade, It must here be mentioned, t although he was an avowed enemy of monarchical rule, @ greater amount ot latitude was allowed him, in the free expression of his editorial opinion, than would have been tolerated 1m a man less generally re- spected or endowed “Ath such wondrous reasonin; faculties. On two occasions, however, he allowe: and latitude to his pen than the public censor of Madrid thought justifiable, and he was accordingly cited to appear before the criminal Courts. He pleaded his case in person, reiusing any legal assistance, although it was tendered him on many hands oy the most eminent lawyers that Madrid possessed, Both charges ageinst him were dismissed. HE IS SHOT IN A DUEL. In 1863 Colonel de Rodas, who shbsequently be- came Captain General of Cuba, was in commanc of an infantry regiment stationed in Madrid. One of his Soldiers was guilty of some act of insubordina- tion and was fogged, by order of Colonel de Rodas, im suct an inhuman manner that he died. One of the minor editers of La Discusion reproached Redas for his Lembo 30 and stigma- tized him in concluding the article he was writing on the subject as an inhuman monster. Smarting under the odium that De Rodas felt he had incur- red he challenged Rivero te fight a duel. When the second brought the cartel to him he imagined that he would lay the blame upon his sub-editor and say that he ought to batik or apologise; but he had mistaken his man, for Rivero’s reply was, 5 “{ ACCEPT ALL THE RESPONSIBILITY, and will meet Colonel De Rodas when and where he wishes.’ The duel subsequeatly took place, and the bold editor was shot through the body and considered to be in a dying cendition. Owing to a powerfal constitution and good care he subse- quently rallied and feguined his health and strength, but his system naturally received a ter- ible shock. HIS OPPOSITION TO QUEEN ISABELLA. During the latter part of 1867 he persistently at- tacked the corruption of the priest-riaden Ministry of Queen Isabella, and te him im no smali manner isdue the coup d'état by which that Bourbon Queen was driven from the throne and into exile. but Rivero saw that Spain was not yet ripe for a republican form of government, and that the ig- norant Masses would not appreciate its democratic basis, and like a wise Fert biding his time, he consented to wait until matters were ripe for the realization of his hopes, and offered tio opposition to the importation of the Savoy Prince Amadeus; and doubtless foresaw in the horosoope of the fu- ture what has just transpired—viz., the throne being made untenable for the young King. HIS AGE AND DISVOSITION, Sefior Rivero is a man of about fifty-five years of age, of genial disposition, a good liver, and an open friend or enemy. it weaken e, LIBRE.’ mighty voice has oftentimes been he: Cortes pleading for the manumission of the slaves in the colonial possessions of Cuba and Porto Rico. On one occasion he was attacking, in the Cortes, the cruel and rapacious “volunteers” who have desolated the fair island.of Cuba, whem he was viru- lently attacked by Sefior Salmavon for want of patriotism, and @ duel was expected to ensue, but Salmavon, it is alleged, thought better over the matter. AN IMPORTANT SIGNATURE, On the 22d of January last the HERALD published, for the first time in this country, the text of the treaty concluded in this city between the repre- sentattves of the Republic of Cuba on the one hand and Don Miguel Jorro on the other hand, who was sent out to this count: bd the late Gene- ral Prim, President of tne Council of Spanish Minis- ters. For various motives the name of Nicolas Maria Rivero was suppressed at the time the arti- cle speared in the HeRaLD; but now that anew leaf has been turned over in Spain and all com- mences anew, there is no harm that can be done in stating that one of the consenting powers to the treaty in question was Rivero. — SKETCHES OF THE MEMBERS COUNCIL. — + Estanisla o Figueras, President of the Coancil. Figueras was born im the city of Barcelona on the 13th of November, 1819. After a course of prelimi- nary studies at the public school he studied philoso- phy at Cevera and later at Tarragona. Waile still @ student took a deep interest in politics, upholding liberal ideas, aMliating himself among the progresistas, representing then the most radi- cal aspirations of the young men of the times. The year 1840 found him affiliated with the republican arty and among the first to adopt its theories. ‘After the events of 1842, culminating in the bom- bardment of Barcelona, he separated himself from this party, becoming editor of the Constitutional, with Mata and Kipot. He was opposed to the overthrow of Espartero, fe) pedal 3 direful resuits. In 1861 he was elected representative to the Cortes for the First district of Barcelona. In 1854 he Was a member of the Tarragona Kevolu- tionary Cormmittee, voting against the monarchy in 1854. In 1862 he was a second time elected to the Cortes for the First district o1 Barcelona, CG Ae the liberal party. He look an active share in the second revolutionary attempts in aetier yi was in- carcerated by Narvaer in 1867, together with Ri- vera. ring the crisis ending in the downfall ot Isabella IL, in 1868, he was appointed a member of tne revolutionary committee and Judge of the Con- ressional district Of Madrid, During the canvass for the election of menbers 30 the present Cortes he received the unanimous nominations of the dis- tricts of Barce! ‘Tortosa, Madrid, ‘was elected in the er Ap tg -~ Emilio Castelar, Minister of Foreign Affairs. A Well-known Spanish biographer speaks as fol- lows of the world-celebrated orator Emilio Caste- ar:—“Entrancing eloquence, electrifying phrase- ology, fascinating utterances, soul-atirring poetry, & Titan’s soul within the frail body of man—such are the characteristics embodied by Emilio Oaste- lar.” He Was born in the city of Cadiz in 1831, and his tender years were embittered by tears. His father, an honest workingman, died poor, leaving to the child but an honored name and & mother, two treasures of incalculable worth. He pursued his studies in Novelda, Alicante and Valencia, spending his vacations at Cantavieja (Prov- ince of Teruel), evincing at an early period an all- absorbing leve for whatever books came in his way, forgetting ail the pleasures proper at his age. Ancient history, affording him youthful visions ot Plutarch, the Spartan wars and the democracy me- dieval epoch, fixed his tender mind and implanted in his soul his after reverence towards those heroes and the great deeds of those republics, Such was his infancy. He was but twenty years of age when he first went to Madrid and a student at the Normal School of Philosophy. IN 1864 THE REVOLUTION OF JULY shook Spain to its foundation, and, at the same time, kindled the hopes of Castelar ; for he saw, tor the first time in his ii/e, how a tyrannized pacpie broke the chains of despotism, His ear caught, then, the magic cry of liberty amid the er by the Infante of the Spanish throne was punnsned in Paris:— Lis ambition for salting no omulton exept ur mars tela, home and II consider it my di { foate, Dy pigsents To ‘Abdicate ‘ait’, it bon Capon ge tbe and alts BY welloved - JUAN DE BOURBON ET DE BRAGANZA, 1869. JanUARY 1.—Provisional government of Spanish Regency in power in Madrid. Avavst.—During this month the Spanish people react against the provisional government and ip favor of @ monarchy. 1870. JUNE 20.—Preparatory law for the abolition ef slavery under discussion in Spanish Cortes. JUNE 25.—Ex-Queen isabella I. renounced her claim to the Spanish throne in favor of her son, Alphonse Ferdinand-Pi¢-Jean-Marie, Prince of the Asturias, who was born on the 28th of November, in the year 1857, JuLY 4.—Serrane government, of regency, pro- mulgated an emancipation law for the Spanish colonies, which was to have been made operative 1m Cuba on the 28th of the following September. NOVEMBER 16.—Cortes of Spain, as sovereign power in the nation, elected Prince Amadeus of Savoy King of Spain. DECEMBER 4.—Formal deed ef acceptance of the Spanish Crown by Amadeus L, King of the Span- iards, signed on behalf of the Spanish people and the royal House of Savoy, in the Pitti Palace, Flor- ence. The State paper reads as follews — In th f the most holy and indivisible In the name of the 01 ayia of cannon, and, with his ery 801 e saw the propitious epportunity for the tri- agitatin, umph of the astic nature. ideas enthusi- Perfectly unknown then, his Werds had slready electrified more than one group of combatants for Itverty, and he and faith ger- mipated in his heart. About the middle of Sep- tember, in 1854, there was @ meeting convened at the Royal Theatre as pri to an election of members to the Cortes. Brilliant speeches were delivered by leading politicians, WHEN A MODEST YOUTH, apparently two and twenty, advanced te the ros- trum, and in a sonorous and penetrating voice ex- pounded democratic theories. The effect was elec- trical; his maiden effort carried the assemblage by storm, eeing frequently interrupted by applause; and when warming up with his theme he poured forth Ris Dene CD @ loquence, clesing his speech, & perfect frenzy of applause resounded, and all welcomed to @ life Of usefulness the youth who ‘was thenceforward to be the most eloquent and popular orator of the democracy. Castelar had conquered a reputation in an hour asa political celebrity; it was the theme for days alterwards; but when his speech circulated in print his iame ‘was established, and the choice fell on him AS A CANDIDATE BY THE LIBERAL PARTY for one of the Madrid boroughs, along with San Miguel, Calvo Ascensio and Dulce. He figured sub. sequently in others, essentially democratic, with Oreuse, Guerra, Cervera and Olavarria. None of these nominations were success{ul, however, {rom the extreme youth of the nominee, He then be- came assistant editor of the Soberania Nactonat, his articles being perused with avidity, establish- ing his reputation as an editor. Soon after he associated himself with the corps of La Discusion, recently started by Rivero, where ne was the chief editor until 1863, WHEN HE STARTED LA DEMOCRACTA. In 1857 he contended for a professorship in litera- ture, then vacant in the Central University, which he ebtained over numerous competitors, The most striking part, however, of Castelar's pellcieal career was that period in which he jgured asthe editor of La Democracia, the first number of which went forth on the 1st of January, 1864, wielding great power in shaping the political events of Spain; the same year, through a leading article in La Democracia, he deteated the nefarious loan proposed by Barzanallana. His influence was soon felt even in colonial matters, and on the split of his party he carried the majority, preventing the rupture of the democratic party—its supremacy being acknowle: i by the Central Committee, On the occurrence of the disturbances on the 22d of June, 1866, the Councii of War sitting in Madrid, CONDEMNED HIM TO DEATH. Fortunately he evaded their minions and, under disguise, crossed the frontier into France. There he remained as a contributor to several magazines until the September revolution, 1868, ofering the return to his native country, the Provincial govern- ment retmstated him in his professorship. in this capacity he exerted his iniluence to strengthen republican ideas among his countrymen, stumping the country in opposition to the monarchial ten- dencies of the leaders. He was at the abdication of King Amadeus, a representative for Zaragoza, in which capacity he has rendered valuable services to the cause of the people, He has now received the just tribute to his merit upon being made the recipient of the important trust in the new,Cabinet, in this great crisis of his country. General Fernando Fernandez de Cor- doba, Minister of War. General Cordoba was born in Buenos Ayres in 1809, his father being a general in the Spanish army, on service in that city. His military career com- menced in Madrid in 1825, and in 1834, on acoount of his courage and discretion shown in tending to suppress the rebellion, he was made a colonel and decorated with several orders. In 1843 he affiliated with the moderate or clerical party. In 1847 he was made inspector of infantry, but the following year retired from active service, and was made Captain General of Catalonia, aud later a captain of New Castile. In 1854 he took a prominent part in put- ting down the revolution in Madrid. He is consid- ered & man of great courage and a stern disci- plinarian, and has seen much active service. He is @ strong personal friend of Castelar. Jose Maria Beranger, Minister of Ma. rine. J. M. Beranger was born in Cadiz in 1820, and en- tered the coast guard service at an early age, and subsequently entered the navy, where he did good service. His political life commenced in 1868, He took a very prominent part in the repub- lican insurrection at Cadiz a short time later, and in which a large number of efficient men trom the frigate Saragossa sympathized and took part. This rising, a8 was @ similar ene at Ferrol, was unsuc- cessiul. He was subsequently appointed- Vice President of the Admiralty. He is the representa- live in Cortes of the city of Lugo, in Galicia, and is Father, Son and Holy Ghost. The year of our di hen of ember. at the hour uel IT, rer, there was by the aforesal ortes sent to Flor- gPee. 8, most, noble deputation, presided over by His ellency Manuel Ruiz Zorrille. The aeput of the Constituent Sovereign Cortes of Spain afore: said having been conducted into the Throne Room, the President has announced that in the sitting the 16th day of November, 1870, after the voting by Constituent Cortes, the Duke of Aosta was proclalmn King of the Spaniards, His Majesty Victor Kmmanuol IL., King of Italy, has signified his royal consent to the efiect that his august second son, His Royal Migh Prince Amadeus of Savoy, sheuld’ accept ihe throne of Spain, “Bis Royal Highness Prince Amadeus of Savoy, Duke of Aosta, having obtained the consent of his royal father, has solemnly declared that he accepted, with the help of Almighty God, for himself and his descendants and legitimate successors, the Crown offered to him by. the Spanish nation. And'to the effect that the present happy event, may be recorded in the golomm form of « regular deed, by the command of His Majesty the King, we, the noble Emilo Visconti-Venosta, Minister Secretary of State, acting as Notary of the Crown, in the presence of His Majesty Victor Emmanuet HL, King of Italy, in the presence Iikewlse of His Royal Highness Frince Humbert of Savoy, Prince of Piedinont; ot His Royal Highness Prince Amadeus of Savoy, Duke of Aosta: of His Royal Highness Prince of Savoy-Carignano; in the presence of the witnesses ap- jointed by His Majesty—namely, their Excellencies the ‘nights or the Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annun- Ziata, the Marquis |G. Cappont; the Chevalier kurico Claldini, General of the Army; the Count Louis Fred- erjck Menabrea, Lieutenant General, and the Chevalier Urbano Rattazal; we have drawn out this public deed, to which, having been read over, there were attached the autograph signatures of His Majesty the King, His Royal Highness Prince Amadeus of Savoy, the Royal Princeg of His Majesty's family, the President and members of the Constituent Sovereign Cortes of Spain; we and the witnesses then signing, and we then attaching unto the same our seal, Done in Florence, on the 4th day of De- ceiber, 1870, Amadeus of Savoy, Victor Emmanuel, Manucl Rutz Zor- rilla, Humbert of Savoy, Felix Garcia Gomez, Deputy, Vice President; Eugene of Savoy, Cipriano Seg. Monte- sino, Deputy, ‘Vice resident: . Capponi, Augusto Ulloo, deputy; E. Claldini, 41 Duque de Tetuan, Deputy; Louis Frederick Menabrea, Cristobal Martin de Her- rera, Deputy ; Urbano Rattazzi,Conde de Bncina,Depaty; Vict! Balaguer, Deputy; Carlos Nevarro y Rodrigo, Deputy of the Balearic Islands; Poscual Madoz, Dep- ut. Ed. Gasset Artrinine, bed gaa Jose Rossell, Dep. 8 , Deputy: Mig. Jalon, Marques de Francisco Barrenechea, Deputy; Deputy; Li puty eputy;' Ant. Matos Mo- i, Secretury; F. y Carre. o R. Montaner, Deputy cretary of Stave for Foreign Afluirs, Notary of the Crown, Viscontl-Venosta, ‘This action was taken in conformity to the fol- lowing declaration, foiming part of the pre- liminaries of the Treaty of Utrecht, aud to which Philip V. of Spain attached bis signature on the 6th of November, 1712, In that declaration, which owed its origin to the dircct initiative of English diplomacy, the Spanish King says :— re chut, failing iny royal person, and my lawful ants, there shail succeed to me the Duke of Savo; aud his male descendants in the male line born of lawtul matrimony, and, failing the male line, Prince Amadeus of Carignano and his sons and male descendants, who, as descendants of the Intanta Dona Catarina, daughter of Philip the Second, have a clear and acknowledged right to the snecession of the Crown—an order of succes- sion which shall be preserved and shall be effected to tha letter, notwithstanding ail the laws and ordinances and statutes which might be stipulated to the contrary. DECEMBER 27.—Juan Prim, Marquis De Los Cas- tellegos/ Comte de Ruis, Spanish General, shot in Madrid by an assassin. King Amadeus arrived in the capital just as Prim died, 1871. Apri, 8.—Spanish Parliament (old) opened the King. " 1872. Sethi be JANUARY 1.—The foreign debt of Spain amounteé to $620,000,000, of which $285,000,000 were issued be- eh aud $335,000,000 subsequent to revolution of FEBRUARY 28.—Foreign Minister of Spain, Sefior de Blas, addressed a circular to the King’s repre- sentatives in foreign countries against the Interna- tional Society. APRIL 20.—Carlist mantfesto to the Spaniards against “Savoyard” government forwarded from Geneva to Spain. The paper said:— The revolutionary Spanish government closes against us the gates of the seeming legality which itself had es- tablished ; there remains uo longer to the Duke ot Madrid and the Carlist party any other course but that of arma to defend the national honor, dignity and independence, The Duke of Madrid does not come to stir up a protracted civil war. By a brief and decisive struggle he hopes to save the country, and possibly to point out the road which leads to the salvation of society. The Duke of Madrid claims beiore all the world the honor of com- manding the advanced guard of the great Catholic army, which is that of God, of the throne, of property and of family. JULY 18.—Attempt to assassinate King Amadeus and Queen Maria Victoria of Spain, in Madrid, A aumber of the regicides arrested, but trials considered on all hands @ very talented man. Pi y Margall, Minister of the Interior. Pi y Margall was born in 1824 in Barcelona; en- tered that university in 1841 and leit it in 1847, when he went to Madrid. Upon his arrival there he produced his first literary production, entitled “La Espaiia Pintoresca,” and became subsequently contributor to many leading magazines. In 1851 he drew upon his head the anathenma of the clergy by the publication of a work entitled “Historia de ja Pintura,” in which he interwove allusions to Christian practices distasteful to the fanatic Catho- lics, and the Prime Minister, Bravo Murillo, then President of the Cabinet, ordered the suppression of the work. In 1862 he puolisied avother book poet “Political Economy,” which was also sup- pressed. In 1849 he became a member of the democratic party, and took an active part in vari- ous intrigues prior to 1854, also taking part in the revolutionary movement of that ear. The city of his birth nominated im to the Cortes in 1864 in opposition to General Prim, but he was defeated by @ small majority. The sfstem of political persecution following the abortive revolutionary attempt in 1866 ustracised Pty Margall; the pe! ice invaded his domicil to ar- rest him, but he eluded their clutches and fled to Paris. When the downfall of the Bourbom dynasty occurred, in 1868, being still in that city, he re- mained there, deeming the movement premature for the establishment ef his theories, Upon his subsequent election to the Cortes for Barcelona he was constrained, however, to obey the behests of duty, and took his seat in the Cortes in 1569, Feb- ruary 8 His personal worth commands the respect of friends and foes alike. He was @ prominent minority member in the present Cortes, The Other Members of the Cal ts With reference to N. Salmeron, Minister of Justice ; F. Salmeron, Minister of the Colonies; Becerra, Min- ister of Public Works, and Echegaray, Secretary of the Treasury, space cempels us to allude in the brief- est terms to these men, by stating that they have ail been promimently before the public in connec- tion with matters agitating that country. With reierence, however, to Mr. Francisco Salmeron, the Colonial Minister, hig stanch sympathy for struggling Cuba has rendered him hateful to the Spanish ol ae in that island, and it is doubtfal | if his orders will be respected there by the slave- traders, Captain General Ceballos, however tainted he may be with Bourbonic proclivities, has promised to implicitly obey all orders that may be Teceived from the home government. HISTORY OF MODERN SPAIN. From the Dethronement of Isabella to the Death ‘of Prim and the Abdication of King Amadeus. . 1868, SEPTEMBER 30,—Her Majesty Queen Maria Isa- bvetla If. took her departure from Spain, having been dethroned by the revolution. She was born on the 10th of October, in the year 1830; proclaimed Queen in Madrid on the 2d of October, 1833, and preclaimed of full age by the Cortes on the 8th of November, 1843. She protested formally against the act of the revolution from her residence at Pau. OcrossR 3.—The following text of renunciation postponed jor very many montis. AUGUST 30.—Keturns of the votes which were cast at the general Parliamentary election in Spain show that out of about three million electors 1,888,970, or about sixty per cent, exercised the franchise, Of these 1,339,733 voted for the King’s government and 386,734 for republican candidates, ‘the remainder being Alfonsists, Sagastists and in- dependents. The Carlists abstained from voting. SEPTEMBER 15.—King Amadeus opened the first session of the newly elected Parliament of Spain. en Maria Victoria was present. SEPTEMLKK 15.—King of the Spaniards opened the session of Cortes with speech from the throne. SEPTEMBER 25.—New Spanish loan contract rati- fled and executed in Madrid between the Spanish Minister of Finance and the representative in Madrid of the Bank of Paris and of the Nether. lands as follows :— Don Servando Ruiz Gomez, Finance Minister, in repre- sentation of the government of His Majesty the King of ain, and M. Guido Elbogen, in representation of the ‘aris and of the Netherlands, with due powers teiect, have agreed upon— iret—The presentation to the Cortes of a project of law to realize by public subscription a loan in interior and exterior consolidated debt sufficient to produce 0,000,000 gatas (£2.100,000) in cash, two tiirds interest of whieh 1g Bebe paid noney and one-third in consolidated debt at filty per cent, which form of interest payment shallbe extended to all the debt of Spain. Second —A renew ai of the loans already made by the said bank, and the delivery of further funds in September and October in the Spanish Finance Commissions abroad. Third—The pi jon of another project of law guar. ‘tof the said payment of two-thirds interest, and the creating for this purpose of a Spanish Mortgage Bank (Sunco Mipotecario) according to companying tases, which have been approved by the Council of Ministers, and which shall be submitted to the approbation of the Vortes im # corresponding project of aw. This agreement shall be ratified by the Bank ot Paris and of Netherlands within five says trom Unis date, ERVANDO BULL is GOMEZ Manip, Sept. 12, 1872. Es GUIDO ELBOGEN, SEPTEMBER 27.—During the sitting of the Span. ish Cortes vo-day Sehor Collantes made a id survey of the various Congresses, Ministrie: elections which had been since the revolution, and then launched out into @ flerce attack upon yy all, comparing them to a cerpse and 4 sepuicnre. He said : In view of that corpse and that sepulchre I said al- ways, and here say it again, that the revolution ot Sep- tember had committed a grave a eee sa unpardon- le as able error in not proclaiming Don Ait Bourbon King of Spain atthe Bridge ot Alcolea, ‘The catastrophe of the dethronement of his mother. urred, ‘the men who had done that great mise! tight have intro duced some consolation and remedy for the future. They might have had for themsetves all they wished—regen. inistries, titles. They would have had power, but the ation ‘would Rave bata nauonal Kia and ‘Tots and we o palsty tone wo have watbered in days ‘ot danger. SEPTEMBEK 30.—Sefior Gomez, Minister of Finan pars the Spanish budget for the year 1872-" the Cortes. The expenditare he placed at 640,000,000 pesetas ($133,500, ey revenue us » dealt of 96,000,000, penetan ($20 900,000) leficit of 95,000, z . nizing the impossibility of mating headway wine deficit of tis magnitude, added to an already existing Qoating debt of 10,000 pesetas, Seilor Gomez fell back On an oid idea of paying a ‘part of the interest of the interior and eé: terior edt m rae to the extent of one-third, subject the consent of the foreign creditors oi Spain as regards their coupons. The two thirds he pledged to pay im cash, and offered a bank guarantee for it, which he provisionally ar- ranged. He said:—“Our solution cousists in tem- porarily paying in cash two-thirds of the interests of the debt and giving consolidateds at the rate of fifty per cent for the one-third part. When our finance is reorganized it will be easy to raise the quotation of our three per cents to the rate at which we deliver them in payment of the tuterest, and then it will be equivaiens to paying them to cash. We limit the period of this payment in paper tofive years.” The result of tals operation ** CONTINUED ON SEVNTE RAGE,