The New York Herald Newspaper, August 15, 1872, Page 3

WORTHERLY LIMIT OF } "\ ] LA “Tim ‘wocompanying beautifully executed map ‘will convey, as clearly and exactly a8 possible, ‘Mhe invaluable discoveries of Doctor David Living- ‘stone in Central Africa, first given to the world ‘through the New York Herarp. To appreciate at a glance these discoveries, it ‘will bo necessary to 100k on the map just above the twelfth degree of latitude and observe a wind- tng river, fed by numerous streams, which twists and turns Uke 9 serpent before entering Lake Bangweolo, THIS RIVER 18 THE CHAMBRZI. At first Livingstone believed, from the similarity Of name, that this was the Zambezi of the Portu- guese explorers and traders who ascended the Continent from the coast at Mozambique. After much marching and countermarching he found this ‘wo de impossible, as that river runs east and south- east, while the Chambezi, as before mentioned, empties into A LARGE LAKE, NAMED BANGWEOLO. ‘whteh was fed in addition by numerons other but emailer rivers draining the same basin, This was LiVINGSTONES EXPLORATIONS NEW YORK HERALD, THURSDAY, AUGUST 15, 1872.—TRIPLE SHEET. THE WATERSHED OF THE NILE. Liyinestone’s Discoveries in Central Africa---The Great Lacustrine Riyer. ae NAMELESS LAKE ATOR Fann ons 9 IBS for hn outlét from this largo lake and at last found It, The take has its greatest length from east to ‘west, and on its northern shore @ broad effluent was disoovered, called by the natives THE LUAPULA RIVER. Still he found himself in the great valley trending northward; but where his river went and under what name it was known on entering the occan were perplexing eueries. His first impression was that it wasthe Congu. At length he half doubt- ingly adopted the idea df its being the Nile. The Luapula turned and bent in various direc. tions, but kept its way gradually northward, and again A LARGE TAKER, CALLED MORRO, received the stream. The scenery around this lake is described as sublime. Its dark waters are shut in by high mountains, wild and savage in thetr crags and precipices and awe-inspiring to the be- holder, Again, on the north, the waters find vent, and rush with an angry roar through a chasm in the mountains; but now it receives the name of THE LUALABA RIVER. ‘The immense valley which before he found to en- cose the stream farther south stil] rears its mighty welts on the east and far away on the west. Sina- the rst sure foowhgid be gained, He mo7 sonRyt J ously ouward the greasy river sweeps with s breads 18 ts found to run {n an immense valley, several | hundred miles wide from east to west, whose mountains run in lofty ranges north and south. EXPLANA TANGANYIKA Ar cP pee > VAIANVONYL a“ oS Mt. Kilmandja 20.065 ft. | of from one t0 three miles. It runs to the northwest, makes @ curve to the northeast, arches in @ horse- shoe towards the southwest, and, after reversing this horse shoe and then repeating it, empties at length into another lake. This portion of the Luataba he names Webb's River. The body of water into which it empties is found to be named LAKE KAMOLONDO. Its characteristics are those of the other lakes, Save that tt {s not so mountain-bound as Lake Moero, Its eMuent is also cailed the Luaiaba, and near where the lake flows out an important tributary comes to swell the current of the Lualaba. This is THE LUFIRA RIVER, which flows from the south-southwest, The Lualaba now takes great sweeps and majestic curves, and seemed at times to the troubled explorer as if about to run south for good andali. In these crooked courses it receives aMuents in immense numbers; but Livingstone discovered one of such consider- able volume on the left bank that he thought it worth while exploring. This is THE LOMANI RIVER, by following whose course through curves and warpings he at length arrived at @ lake called Che- bungo. This lake he did not hesitate to rechristen, nd it will be known to all civilized men ig Longitude East from Greenwich 12 FISK & RUSSELL, N.Y. all time as Lake Lincoln, in honor and memory of our martyred President, who did so much for the enslaved children of African descent on this Continent of America. He returned to the Lualaba and was still in the great valley which he had followed over eight degrees of latitude. Diligent inquiry told him that the mighty Lualaba again widened into a large lake further north, At this time his followers refused to proceed further, and with but six or eight months’ work only wanting to solve the mystery of the grand river, whose bends and sweeps he had followed for seven hundrea miles, he was obliged to return to Ujiji. The lake he had heard of he was obliged to dot down on his chart as THB NAMELESS LAKE. The great valley which he traced while watching the flow of the rivers, from twelve degrees to four degrees south of the Equator, he believes to be that formed by the watershed of the Nile, whose mountain chains run north and south through that entire distance, at varying width, on the east and west of the rivers and lakes. Before proceeding to take up his arguments showing it to be the true Valley of the Nile we may 874 UP FIS DISCOVERIES TION OF THE MAP. which in its course forms at least four large lakes and is fed from a fifth. This river is known by the three following names :—Chambezi, before it enters Lake Bangweolo; Luapula, between Lakes Bang- weolo and Moero; Lualaba or Webb’s River, be- tween Lakes Moero and Kamolondo, and by the same name between Kamolondo and the Nameless Lake. Its principal tributaries, both entering on the left bank, are the Lufira River, just north of Kamolondg, and the Lomant iver, farther north, carrying in the waters of Lake Lincoln, LIVINGSTONB’S CONVICTION that this water system ) the great perennial feeder of the Nile may be said to nave been formed as fol- lows :— First—They were not connected with the Zam- bez of the Portuguese, because he traced the Chambezi into Lake Bangweolo, Second—They were not connected with the Congo, because he established the fact that the rivers Kasai and Quango, flowing from the west side of the great watershed, were the sources of that river, Third—Their direction so far northward, and the immense volume of the stream when last seen by him, leaves no other alternutive but a junction with the Nile, probably with Petherick’s branch of inpsentence, They consist of lacuutring river, » tue White Nie PETHERICR’S BRANCH, called by the Arabs Bahr el Gazahi, with which (ix Nameless Lake is connected on the mapfby tha dotted line. Among his minor discoveries is one that the piece of water formerly known as Lake Liemba is merely the southeastern spur of Lake Tanganyika. Another discovery, and one in which the New YorE HERALD correspondent was assor ciated with him, is the survey of the head of Lake Tanganyika, and the proof that THE RIVER RUST flows into and not out of Tanganyika. This dis covery leads to the supposition that the outlet Tanganyika is at the south and toward Lake Ny agsa, from thence to the Zambezs and to the sea, ‘The establishment of these two problems would establish the extraordinary fact of TWO PARALLEL WATERSHEDS, the one sending {ts rainfall north to the Levan® and the other southward to the Channel of Mozam- bique. The Manyema country, famous for ite ivory and handsome people, is included in his discoveries. The country of King Cazembe was visited by the Portuguese previous to Livingstone’s visit to Africa, ‘The entire Re of the map west of Lake Taa- ganyika and south of the equator is A hes ate wonderful answer to the querys, What had he beep doing fox tug last six youre ?