The New York Herald Newspaper, April 12, 1871, Page 8

' ) , ’ 1 ' 8 NEW YORK HERAL BROADWAY AND ANN STREET. 4AMES GORDON BENNETT, PROPRIETOR. Letters and packages should be properly piazaied AMUSEMENTS THIS AFTERNOIN AND EVENING. GLORE THEATRE, 728 11 TAINMENT, &C.—DAy AND RIRTY ENTER: Matinee at BOOTH R THEATRE, 23d at., de:worn ih and Oth ave. — Tue Foou's Revrnor. WOOD'S MUBEUM Broadway, corner 8ith st. Perform: ances every aiternoon ani evening, OLYMPIC THEATRE, Broadway.—Tus Honitox. Matinee at NIGLO'S GARDEN, Rrondway.—Taw SreeracuR or ‘Tee Lire axp Dear or Rictary Tue Titan, DaaMa oF WALLACK'S THEATRE, Broxdway ana 13a street.— Bimyrd, Matinee-—Rowanork AND REALITY, LINA EDWIN'S THEATRE. 720 broedway.—Pi.vTo— Livesmp's Saercurs, Matines at 2. FOURTEENTH STREET THEATRE (Theatre Francats)— Nowopr’s Cniiy. NEW YORK STADT THEATRE, 45 Bowery.—GERMAY Opgra—Lournesiy, GRAND OPERA HOUSE, corner of &h ay, ana Sud #t.— Lins Bricanne. BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—-AN Onsrot oF In- TEERBT--ON Hann. FIFTH AVENUK THEATRE, Torenty-fourth atreat.— MARKIRD FOR MONEY—PATTER Vs. CLATTER, - MRS. F. B, CONWAY'S PARK THRATSE, Brooklya.— POP. BAN FRANCISCO MINSTREL HALL, Rateoma’s Rovat. JAvANFSE TROUPE. BRYANT'S NEW OPERA HOUSE, 91d at., and 7th avi KORO MINGTRELSY, ko, S85 Rroatway,— Matinee at 2. between 6th TONY PASTOR'S 0) RIRLY ENTRRTAINNED A HOUSE, 9M Bowery,—Va- tines at 2). THEATRE COMTgUE, 4 roadway, —Comtc Vooat IMs, NRGKO ACTS, atinee at 2, NEW YORK cir ME Ring, ACRONATE, \ Fourteenth street.—-SozNRs IN Matinee at 25. STEINWAY HALL, Fourteenth street.Gmanp Con- orRT. ASSOCIATION HALL, £3. AND INSTHUMESTAL CONC eet and 4th ave,—Vooar NEW YORK MUSEUM OF RomENor 4Np Aut. DR. KATIN'S io pokes MUSEUM, 745 Broadway.-= SOIRNOE AND A Qu “ADR UPLE “SHEET. ‘New York, Wednesday, biaiais 12, 1871. = =< CONTENTS OF both Bena, Page, 2 a L—Ariver!isements, Q—Advertisements. B—Advoriisemen Ad NATOMY, 618 Broadway.— 21 Reports from ton of of the In: | naps HERALD aders of the Comm in the Barricades; tue ; What is Meant by the Programme-—T respongent Wi Meeung of the Men Who Dery F Commune. Paria Reds (continued from Sixth page)— ote Paris: A Glavce at the Condition of Uniortunate Capital of France—The Late co-Prussian War—The seventh Regt- setermined to Die—Manure L: anding i at Hunte 's Poiut—Amusements—Fatal Kerosene on Churen Matters — Obituary — Gallagher's Troubies—Frightfal t—Mauhattin Mark ew York } and Irou in Nevada—Poitte Police— . F ling Asvium Peuetit—The Govern- ment Building im Trenton—Miscellancous Telegrams, Se Editors: Leating Article, “The Versatiles fioverament and the Puris Reds ~The Sola. Tou ~ What Ik to Be?’— Amusement Abnonncements, from ngton—The Coal Miners’ intelligence—Business ontinuation of the Methodist Book gain-—Horton’s Happy Proceedings in tenden Homictde: ad the D nin the Senate Looking bg eren oy the Deficiency Bull Matters—tne ( v ‘a Broil; Scene purteem tit D The Versailios Government ai ne; | Persian times, we read that on E; ency: The Great Labor Reformer on ituaiton; Governor Geary’s Opinion of Grant: Came s Fishing Party and What It Canght—Engiand—Adveruscmente, 14—Auvertisements, 1§—Actvertisem: . WG—Advertiser Perswext Graxi has been Moant Vernon. The last President taking counsel at the tomb of the first presents # very significant picture for a painter. Tax Rev. Mr. Cnener, of Chicago, has so far soandalized the Low Church priaciples of Yhe obiefs of bis denomination out there that they look upos him as a regular Heathen honey. Sexaron Suswen intends to announce in tones of thuader pretty soon his strict adhe- rence to the principles of radicalism, He knows that ho is a republican, but he is not certain yet whether he or Grant is the repub- lican party. Fisk's Rrgvest that his regiment be tendered ihe hospitalities of Boston, with choice of hospitals, has been laid on the table by the Boston Aldermen, This is the begin- ning of a rouad of hospitaltics that will lay a good many 8 the regiment under the table, “Denver Us FEoM Tempration.”—This prayer ehould now be repeated all the time, day and night, by the weak-backed re- publicans of the Assembly at Albany, One, two or three of them may be wanted regard- less of expense. Can they all resist the pre- mium which for a single vote upon a big job may be offered? Doubtful, very doubtful; or if there is any cortainty upon the subject il is in favor of the Jobber, Tae Spanisu-AMEnIoAN Wan. —The war that has existed fur years past in pame only between Spain and several of the Bpanish American republics, was yesterday virtually ended, by an armistice being signed at Washington, whereby hostilities cannot be renewed anless upon a notice of three years, This, of courze, means peace. There has been no collision of the opposing forces since the repulse of the Spanish fleet before Callao, hut no obange In the warlike situation has ooourred since that event until now. Under the armistice trade is to be resumed at once between the belligerents as well a6 neutrals, and negotiations for peace will begin next week. Twas will end a war begun upon a very slight, if any, provocation—~one that wae-without any result of importance. It cost » vast amonnt of monoy, and neither Spain nor the republics yrece in any way (be gaiuers by reason of their little ditteally, NEW _YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, APKIL 12, 1871—QUADRUPLE SHEET. the Paria Reds—The Solution—What Is lt To Bot The atate of affairs in France still commands attention. to confess that it no longer commands interest, Our news of this morning is of the ordinary sort—the Communists maintaia the fight; but, according to their own confession, they gather weakness rather than strength, The Ver- | sailles government steadily gains; butit gains so slowly that we cannot help blaming it for its caution, We read that the Versailles government is master of the situation at Neuilly, bat that it shrinks from bombarding the inhabitants, We read of a “league for the defence of the rights of Paris.” Twelve thousand insurgents, who occupy the village of Chatillon, have made an attempt against the forces of the government; buat, according to the latest news, the attempt was unsuccessful. The reds have made a demand upon the Church for one million of franca, It is added that they will kill the Archbishop of Paris, who has been for some time a prisoner in their hands, if the demand is not complied with. Acircular issued by M. Thiers to the Prefecta of departments states that the status of Paris is unaltered ; that the government troops have fortified the bridge at Neuilly ; that Toulouse had made a vain altempt at insurrection; that the insurgent Nationals were being disarmed at Marseilles; that outside of Paris tranquillity was prevailing, and that the government was satisfied that it had the confidence of the citi- zens. It is stated that the official journal of the government denies thnt the National Assembly is in favor of a kingdom, but that Napoleonism and Communism must perish. In a speech made to the Assembly M. Favra stated that all the foreign Powers had expressed their sympathles with the Ver- sailles government as the only legitimate gov- ernment of France, and that General Fabrice, the German administrator in France, had declined the overtures made to him by the Commune, believing that the insurgents must shortly succumb to the government. It is a strange, confused plece of news, but it cannot be said to be wholly unsuggestive. The one shocking thing in the news of this morning is the demand made npon ihe Church, “One million of francs or we shall chop of the head of the Archbishop of Paris!” Think of it, and then leara tho character of the men who represent what is now called Communism in Paris, bat what is called republicanism all over Europe. It is no vain threat. These men have already murdered Generals Lo- comte and Cloment-Thomas. They rezret the fall of Robaspierre and they believe in the teachings of Marat. In their judgment Char- lotte Corday was an enemy of liberty. ‘More blood, more blood” expresses their policy. There is a chapter of aacient history which deserves to be condensed and reproduced in this connection, Away back, ia Medo- ian soil the sons of a prominent leader were caught, and that in the presence of their father, who stood in the opposing ranks, they were slain, their life-blood caught in a bowl, anddrunk witb mingled wine and water, This occurred when Memphis was siill & walled city and capable of affording shelter to defeated brutes and cowards. The French are the only people who in modera times have given proof that a high form of civilization is not incompatible with the most bloodthirsty propensities. After three thousand years of progress we find thata people calling itself elvilizad can be guilty of all the atrocities not only of corrupt and decaying Rome, but of Egypt, under the reign of Psammenitus. It is not, peraps, fair to blame France for all the atrocities committed by a clasa of men who are to be found only in her large cities; but it is not to be denied that while bad men, with their bad passions, are to be found in almost all large ceatres of population, in the New World, a3 well as in the Old, the bad passions of bad men have for the last century anda half expressed themselves more strongly in France than in any other country. Tue world has not forgotten the first French revolatioa, The world will never forget the massacre of St. Bartholomew. Since Spain fell, stained with blood which her own hand had shed, France has made good her claim to the bloody laurels which Spain let fall. The Freagh histo- rian Michelet somewhere says that what some nations accomplish by reform and what others accomplish by emigration the French accom- plish by periodical bloodletting. Althouzh this statement was made many years ago, few will deny that Michelet hit the trath and that the facts of the hour are on his side, We have dwelt on this part of our subject becanse we well know that the men who now rule in Paris are as willing to carry out their purpose as to make a threat. Ifthe life of the Archbishop of Paris is safe it is because the Church will pay down the money or because the National Assembly will come to his rescue ; not because the reds are mercifal. Tt is no longer, we think, to be doubted that France is now, as she has been since 1789, the victim of the lawless classes in the large cities, During the first revolution the large landed proprietors fell. The estates were cut up into patches, and they have remained so from that time until now. The single pro- prictors who controlled districts, counties, departments, have disappeared, and their places have been fliled by men who care for nothing but their farms, their homes and the will of their spiritual teachers. Under the old régime this numerous class identified thelr interests with the interests of the lords of the soil, and were seldom unwilling to follow their lead. Now they are wrapped up in their individual inter- ests, and, much as they love France and respect their neighbors, they love their farin and their home more. The one man to whom they listen with respect and whom they are not unwilliog io obey is the parish priest ; but the priest detests the city mob and has no liking for political combinations. The result is that the peasantry care little bow France is ruled, whether it is an empire or a limited monarchy or a republic, if only they are left alone and all their rights are respected. They hate taxes, they hate the conscription, they hate change of all kinds; but they dearly love their farms, their homes, their families, thelr friends and all the sweets of undisturbed domestic felicity. As we said yesterday, this is the reason why the peasantry stood by Chasles the Tenth, by Louis Philippe, by We are sorry, but not unwilling | | bly was an honest, hearty, national vote. Louls . Napoleon, and why one t hesitates, not knowing the master. It is no longer pos- sible to deny that the pilébiseites of Louis Napoleon were what they seemed to be—gen- uine victories, He undersiood them; he did not tax them overmuch; he contrived to make them prosperous; and, in return, they heartily responded to his every call. It is as little possible to deny that the vote which made the present National Assem- The peasantry were sick of war; they were ashamed of the doings of the government of the National Defence; they cast their votes accordingly, and a moderate yet liberal gov- ernment was the result. It ts distrust of the peasantry who control the national vote which has fired the bad passions of the “reds” and made all this troubte. How the trouble is to end it is difficult to say, The night is dark and the way seems to be long. For the present all is chaos and wild confusion, If M, Thiers cannot accomplish his purpose and keep the Assembly out of Paris the re-establishment of monarchy is certain, Ifthe present government can put down the insurgents and compel the allegiance of the whole French population we have hopes of a republic. Buta French republic, with Paris for a centre, is, in our judgment, an impossibility. However the present fierce convulsions in France may issue this one thing at least is certain—Communism has killed itself, A European republic on the platferm of Communism is a chimera, We cannot yet sea the United States of Europe. The Motropolitan Museum of Art. Governor Hoffman has approved the act, recently passed by the New York Logislature, authorizing the Board cf Commissioners of the Department of Public Parks in the city of New York “‘to contract, erect and maintain, in and upon that portion of the Central Park formerly known as Manhattan square, or any other public park, square or place in eaid city, a establishing therein, under suitable rules and regulations, to be prescribed by the said Board from time to time, a Museum and Gullery of Art,” and also a suitable fireproof building for a ‘Museum of Natural History, at an aggre- gate cost not exceeding a sum of which the annual interest, at the rate of interest at which a fund or siock shall be iss1ed, is thirty-five thousand dollars for each of said buildings,” and wdding that “it shall be the duty of and lawful for the Comptroller of the city of New York to create and issue, in the manner in this act provided, such additional amounts of a public fund or stock, to be denominated the ‘Museums of Art and Natural History Stock,’ as shall be necessary to provide the money required for erecting said buildings, to an amount not exceeding the aforesaid limita- tions.” This generous legislative action, and its ap- proval by the Governor, have naturally im- parted an additional stimu'u3 to the subscrip- tions toward a quarter million fund for a Metropolitan Art Museum, In an address to the people of New York the officers of the Museum declare that their wish has always been the funding of a considerable suin—say a million of dollars—which would give an an- nual income sufficient to provide for proper care of the building and collections and io add to the collections continually. They pro- pose, however, to begin with a subscription the mioimam of which is set at two hundred and fifty thousand dollars, It is gratifying to know that more than half this amount has already been subscribed by one hundred and twenty-seven liberal friends of art. Doubt- leas the entire sum will sooa be made up. In this connection it may be well to mention that the annual meeting of the society, incorpo- rated April 11, 1870, under the title of ‘The Metropolitan Museum of Art” will take place on May 8, when new members can be clected, and that those who subscribe now will have a better chance of being elected, the number of members beiog limited by the constitution to two hundred and fifty. An important point in the interesting ad- dross of the officers of the Maseum fs their announcement that it is intended to hold, in a part of the building, as soon as it can be got ready for use, a loan exhibition of works of art of all classes, but chiefly or wholly of works of historical value, representing rather the progress in art throuzhout past tims than merely contemporary schools. It is the well- founded belief of the officers that the aggregate posseasions of New York and vicinity, in the way of works of fine art, are much greater than a cursory observation reveals, They very properly say that the whole country could be drawn upon to furnish such an exhibition ; and while it could not have the rounded completeness of the great loan collections held by the authorities of the South Kensington Museum in London and by the Union Centrale in Paris, it may yet be made exceedingly instructive and valuable, The officers say, moreover, that in the Museum building a loan exhibition can be held under more favorable auspices than in any oiber place, and the benefit result- ing from it will be proportionally greater. “The exhibition, once opened, need not come to an end as long as vacant places made by the withdrawal of loans can be worthily filled by new loans. Somes works of art will be left by their owners for a short and some for a longer time ; let a perfectly fireproof and well- guarded building offer itself, and valuable works of art belonging to persons travelling, and the like, would find their natural place of storage and safety in Sts galleries, A painting is less liable to injury in an open gallery, where it will be cared for, than in a shut up house or a safe deposit company’s vault, In short, let the loaa collection be once well organized, and in one form or another it may well be perma- nent.” It would unquestionably form an attrac- tive feature of the Metropolitan Museum of Art which, we may hope, will ere long be added to the noble institutions of New York, A Sign THAT SUMMER 16 ComNG—in the little trip of General Grant and family to Mount Vernon and the tomb of Washington yesterday. Tuk Sovraxnn Democratic PLatrorm.— The Southern papers are making their stake for the next Presideutial race. Thoy say that it is not what shall be put into the purse, but what shall be kept out. Let our Southern friends be careful, for they may lose en the bomeastretoh, ; rumors refer to a Bonapartist conspiracy, and snitable fireproof building, for the purpose of Rumors of a Fresh Conspiracy tm France— Military Operations Before Paris. Some idea may be formed of the dreadful state of uncertainty and anxiety under which the French people Iabor from a perusal of our special report from Versaille’, published this morning. Our correspondent telegraphs that M. Thiers has issued another proclamation, in which he assures the people that Marshal MacMahon and Generals Ladmirault and Cissey have accepted military commands; warns them against paying attention to ‘‘falso reports ;” agseris that a good understanding exists between the National Assembly and himself, and declares untrug rumors which | appear to be in circulation, but of which we bad not any previous knowledge, “respecting @ fresh conspiracy.” It is made evident by the salient points in this proclama- tion that there mnst prevail some doubts about the old imperialist generals accepting servico under the present government and that these doubts give ris to dissatiafc- tion which M. Thiers is anxious to allay. Next, it is apparent that a belief 1s prevalent that the French Executive and the National Assembly are opposed to each other; and, indeed, the debates which have taken place in the Assembly since the outbreak in Paris have, to some extent, aided in creating this impression. Bat what about the rumors of ‘‘a fresh con- spiracy?” Who are conspiring against the government? If there is any conspiracy at all it must be in the interest of Napoleon; for no one of the other dynasties would have any- thing to gain from another revolutionary movement, Besides, a coup d'état in the interest of the Comte de Chambord or the Orleans princes is not possible, for the very good reason that neither the one nor the other is influeatial enough with the army to obtain its aid, As for the ‘‘moderate republicans,” they are virtually in power and have no reason to conspire. Beyond doubt these | ia this belief wa are strengthened by the declaration of M. Thiers to the effect that “only the insurgents of Paris are perfidious.” This reference to perfidy cannot apply to any othera than the generals and | other officers of the late imperial army who command the forces now operating against Paris. Is the world to witness another coup a@'éatin favor of Napoleon? Is the influence of the exile at Chiselharst stronger than the humiliation which the French people suffer throngh his weakness, if not his incompe- tency? Really, this special report of ours opens a new field for consideration, and is the most important piece of intelligence we pub- lish this morning, notwithstanding it refers to rumors, accompanied by a denial of their truth, Certainly the ramors musi have obtained credence to have elected a formal denial of them from the head of the French republic. The other news in our special reports from Paris are interesting. An engagement has taken place between the insurgent gunboats and the government forces, but the result was unknown when our despatch left. Cannon- adiag and musketry firing were resumed yes- terday. The insurgents claim to have com- pletely occupied Asnitres, and they were repairing and strengthening their batteries at Porte Maillot. Our latest Paris despatch reports that a deputation had left for Ver- sailles on a peace mission, They were instructed todemand the maintenance of the republic, the right of municipal self-government and the guarding of Paria by the National Guards alone. If these demands were re- jected they were to inquire what terms the Versailles government propose, It is not stated that the deputation were sent by the Commune, alithouga they could not have left Paris without permission of the insurgent authorities; bat it is probable that they were seat by the “party of conciliation,” pursuant toa resolution arrived at some days ago and reported by the cable. That this mission will be a failure, so far as obtaining concessions is concerned, is more than likely, How- ever go disposed, M. Thiers dare not make peace with them on other terms than those of unqualified submission to the authorities, Concession would, in our opinioa, make true (however false the present rumors may be) the existence of ‘‘a fresh conspiracy ;” for the old imperial soldiers, who now comprise the greater part of the Army of Vergailles, are | anything but favorably disposed toward the Paris reda, whom they believe to be directly responsible for the reverses of the Frenel in the recent war with Germany, The [rving Case in Aibnuy. The Assembly has unanimously resolved ihat Jem Irving ought to have received the ; Severest punishment for his assault on Mr. Weed, if he had given the House the chance by remaining in Instead of resigning. In that case what is to be done with Mr. Weed, who, according to some of the testimony. it is Propesrd Tax Reductions—Mr. Resolution. Fe Mr. Sherman, Chairman on Finance, has lotroduced a resolution in the Senate instruct- ing his committee during the recess carefully to examine the existing system of national Sherman's plify end reduce both the faternal taxes and the duties on imported goods now in force, and in such manner that the aggregate of such taxes shall not exceed the sums required to execute the laws relating to the public debt, and the current expenditures of the govern- ment administered with the strictest economy, so that the taxes may be distributed to impose the least possible burden upon the people, This is something in tho right direction, If we are not mistaken the proposition means that the leading republicans of Congress and the President have come to an agreement that something must be done at the next session to relieve the taxed people of their present heavy burden of internal assessments and tariff duties, and ao spike the guns of the democracy and of the so-cailed republican ‘‘revenue refor- mers” engineering fora third party and a Presi- dential scrub race. We have over and over again admonished Mr. Secretary Boutwell and the President that while it is a mighty fine thing to be paying off the national debt at the rate of eight, ten or twelve millions a month, it isa heavy draft upon the pockets of the people for a debt-paying policy which, fine as it may be, is not only unnecessary but un- just; that the present generation of our people, after all their sacrifices, losses, trials and taxes in the war for the Union and in the work of maintaining the national credit and currency, are entitled to relief, and that this relief may wisely be enlarged to a general re- duction of our present taxes, interanl and ex- ternal, to the extent of fifty, seventy-five or even & hundred millions of dollars, We would here repsat these suggestions to Mr. Sherman, in view of the bill of reductions which he proposes to”frame during the ap- proaching recess of Congress, in order to have it in readiness for consideration at the begin- ning of the next session, We hope, too, that the President in his next annual Message (in December) to Congress will have some prac- tical recommendations to make in favor of relieving the people at onc2 and of lengthening the term aimed at by Secretary Boutwell for the redemption of the debt. His policy of rushing it through is a grand idea in theory, but in practice it 13 needlesa, foolish, oppres- sive, unpopular and unjust. Our Special Letters from Paris. The European mail at this port supplied the special letters from the Heraip correspond- ents in Paris which appear in our columns to- day. The communications are of quite an exciting character. They are enlightening witha!, They enable our readers to see the French capital as it is ruled by the Commune, The American people can travel in idea from behind the city barricades to the interior of the Place Vendéme, and behold the “red” democracy writhing and struggling in its des- perate, yet blind, effort to substitute the rale of brute force for the sway of constituted gov- ernment—the latter a science which they do not comprehend, either in iis principle or mode of application, and the power of which they are, consequently, unwilling to admit. Ono of our writers dined, hy special invitation, with the commander in the Placs Vendéme. His de- scription of his reception, of the surroundings, the visitors and the official routine, goes far to show an exiemporized democracy exercising power prematurely, and, as it appears tous, en- deavoring to parody some of the scenes of the first French revolution—in feeblo effort, cer- tainly, but perhaps with just as much traeu- lence of intent as that which moved the origi- nal actors. Idle, and consequently impover- ished workmen, were there in large numbers, They were unwashed, ill-clad, suspicious, full of seif-constituted importance, contradictory + and murmuring. They were without any definite object. They bad attained a swminwn donum, io an absolute idleness from labor, but they did not know exactly what to do or what to demand next. Hunger and the want of tobacco had almost precipitated a reaction- ary revolutionary crisis, and it required all the tact of the commander—the host of our correspondent—to avert the occurrence of a new political crisis, The hard-fsted grt of Paris haye - ‘attempted ‘tho “Gob ol goveriimeni. They are out of their sphere and unable to grasp Paris in its social convulsion with the sirong hand, as did Thiers, Favre, Trochu, Chanzy and others who have been tn power since Bonaparte, These men waut to force an equalization of classes; to anticipate a general democracy. They wor-, ship a living princlple, but worship it before it is life. In their disappointment they become political iafidels and seek {to pull down the ‘‘edifice,” as if to enjoy the opportunity of neni from the work of some skilled arti- , how it can be restored and built up anew. understood was about as active as Irving in Thua they defy France, silence opposttion er- the mél¢e, although he came out worsted? Is the investigation to contioue in bis case, and is he to be forced to a resignation to avoid censure or expulsion? Can the democrats allow such an effective reduction of their majority, or are the republicans—jnst begin- ning to feel their oats under their sudden augmentation of force—able to drive Weed out? It is sald that “Boss” Tweed has no appre- hensions about being able to hire or buy a re- publican for immediate use in case he needs one, and that his slates are not therefore hopelessly smashed by the blow that “blinded Weed’s peeper in the late mill.” We are not 80 certain, however, When the repub- gument by the bullet, strangle dilsbelievers with the halter, and fy to the gloom of the barricades as to a congenial refuge from the haunting of conscience and the glance of the eye of Order, Suffice it to say that Paris re- mained chaotic—-chaotic as Parls only can bo— at the moment when our special letters were mailed, Monarchism was rejoicing over de- mocracy in its riot, but the serlous question alill remains, Is European democracy riotous and murderous as an essential, or does the democracy of Europe merely reflect the conse- quences of its education under jhe mon- archies? ~S om. Puemistio Areumests in matany cases Carty | lican members find that they must bear alone | £teat weight with them, but the expertment of the whole odium of the passage of certain par- Mr. Irving as a legislator may be pronounced tisan democratic jobs they will not be so | ® failure. This settles a great question on the ready or willing to close bargains as when their opposition is useless and their votes aro right principle, for otherwise a professor of “the manly ari” in the Assembly might carry wanted only fora make-weight with the un-| My question by the simple process of ponnd- sophisticated people of the rural districts, who believe any measure is full of jure repub- lican virtue if their members vote for it. The safest way for Boss Tweed just now is to ad- journ his Legislature and have Jem Irving re- turned to bis sa seat in tima for the next session, Tae Ku Kuvx Bu is fairly under way in the Senate, and the Senate amendments to the Deficiency bill are the subject of discus- sion in the Hous>. It is quite probable that both subjects may be passed upon definitively hy Friday, and that Congress may adjourn by Saturday, ing conviction into the heads of refractory members, Tne Masoxio Reogrrios of the Grand Master of England, the Earl de Grey and Ripon, in Washington, on April 10, was among the most portentons entertainments ever presented in the United States to a Master brother of the fraternity from abroad, It Is the wish of the brethren of this country, as it was that of the Immortal Washington, that the Masonic brethren of America should unite with thelr brethren in all parts of the a in the perpetuation of peace and good wil Late Deep Sea Discoveries, The late deep sea researches of the English government, under Dr. Carpenter, make one of the fisest chapters of physical science. Since the inauguration in this country many | years ago of the aystem of oceanle explora- taxation, in view of such a bill as will aim- | tions and the splendid results achieved the European Powers have emulated our example, and the fruit of their labors is now apparent. In attempting last summer to solve an old problem of the Mediterranean inflowing our- rent at Gibraltar, the English expedition, by a series of the most accurate experiments from the deck of the Porcupine, not only accom- plished their purpose, but also discovered the law of the entire oceanic circulation. Under the rays of a flery sun, and exposed to the drying, hot winds from Africa, the sur- face of the Mediterranean becomes a vast evaporating dish, whose level is so rap- idly reduced that to supply the waste by evaporation there must be an incessant indranght of Atlantic water. This latter is highly charged with salt, which is not taken up by sun or wind, but precipitated; and hence it was long ago argued by the philoao- pher Halley that there must be some escape of this salt from the bed of ‘‘the classic sea” by a submarine current. Careful and con- tinued exploration now demonstrates a fact which the theory of Halley and the close reasoning of Maury had previously, and against many eminent sceptics, suggested as the only solution of the Mediterranean problem. By the double evidence of specific gravity and chemical analysis the English explorers found an excoss of salt in the waters of the Mediterranean over that in the Atlantic; and they found also that this excess is greater In its bottom water than in water taken near the surface, while in the Atlantic the difference is in a contrary direction. By suspending a “current drag” from a boat floating on the inward and surface cur- rent near Gibraltar (two sets of observations, made at an interval of six weeks, giving iden- tical results), although a westerly wind, com- bined with the strong surface-drift to carry the boat inward, the force of the under current acting on the ‘“drag” at a depth of two hundred and fifty fathoms nearly suf- ficed to check its motion. In the second trial, the wind being easterly, the boat was carried out iuto the Atlantic against the powerful siream in which it floated by tho invisible agency of a current flowing more than a quarter of a mile beneath the surface. If the waste by evaporation was restored to the Mediterranean by an inflow of fresh water the quantity of salt in its basin would remain the same. The upper current of saline Atlan- tic water, bringing in a quantity of salt In addition to that which the Mediterranean pre- viously beld, the density of its water is in- creased, and, as Dr. Carpenter justly argues, a column of it reaching to any given depth is rendered heavier than an equivalent columu of Atlantic water. To illustrate the great discovery which has been made by Dr. Carpenter in its bearing on the whole oceanic circulation, we have only to suppose, as he does, that the Mediterranean water were made heavier than Atlantic water by an intense Polar cold (instead of, as now, by evaporation), and we should still have exactly the same currents a3 have been found at Gibraltar. For the Mediterranean cooled down substl- tute the Polar ocean, and for the Atlantic the Equatorial ocean, and there would necessa- rily be @ constant interchange between Polar and Equatorial waters through the seas of the temperate zone. Tho reduction in the tem- perature of the column of water in the Polar basin contracts its volume, lowering its level while augmenting its density, Thus the water of the surrounding area must flow in to main- tain the level lowered; and when the Polar column has been restored to an equality of height it will have such an excess of weight that its downward pressure forces out a por- tion of its deeper water, causing an outflow of ice-cold water over the deep sea-bed toward the Equator, Vertical elrculation, of course, returns an equal quantity of warmer surface water into the Polar basin. Such is k résumé of the highly interesting results reached by one of the moat successful of modern expedi- Vong, ‘and very recently made known by its illustrious leader, They ave not speculations, but facts that have been thus bequeathed to the science of the ocean, They were verified in several parts of the North Atlantic—e. g., in the deep channel between the Faroe aud the Shetland Is!ands, where Dr. Carpenter found a compressed but remarkable epitome of this oceanic vertical circulation, The whole under stratum of water in this channel, oxcécding three huudred fathoms, or early two thousand feet in depth, forms an Arcti¢ stream, having a temperature of thirty degrees, and bringing with it the characteris. tic animals of Iceland, Greenland and Spita- bergen; while, on the other hand, the warm stratum of surface water overlying the cold water tbree hundred and fifiy fathoms deep moves in a northeasterly direction and fulfils fig ynission In keaping up the level and ame, lHorating the climate of the Polar area, The new hydrographic discoveries will serf- ously modify, if not upset, all the old theories of the Gulf Stream, establishing the fact, which on theoretical grounds was suggested in thlg country some twelve months ago, that the Guif Stream is not a mere ‘‘rlver in the ocean,” but that it is the entire Equatorial ocean im fransitu toward thi Pole, Dr. Carpenter cites the now celebrated theory of Captain Silas Bent, of St. Louis, (known as the ‘Thermometric Gateways to the Pole”), for reaching the Pole by following the warm surface currents with the water thermomoter, and ho fully endorses it as the trae solution of the great geographical, problem, It would be a maiter of lasting in- terest and incalculable value to sclenoo and commerce if some of our numerous naval vessels were ordered to follow up the splendid deep sea researches of Dr. Carpenter. Surety in time of peace the Sevretary of the Navy might spare one or two steamers for this ser- vioe, Tne Muss in tie AsseMBLy,—For the first time in his life Jem Irving, a Representa- tive in the Assembly at Albany from the city of New York, desires to bo counted out of ring. Put him up ona fight, with stakes an ropes and umpires all right, Jom Irving will take care of himself, But what oan Jem