The New York Herald Newspaper, February 15, 1869, Page 4

“ EUROPE RUSSIAN POLICY IN THE EAST. French and Bourbon Co-opera- tion in Spain. THE AUSTRIAN COMMERCIAL MARINE, In the correspondence presented in this morning’s HSRALD the reader may obtain at a glance a Know- ledge of the state of aduirs generally throughout Burope. RUSSIA. Visit ‘of the Prince of Montenegro to St. Pe= tersburg—TLe Division of Races and the Eastern QuestiouRussian Policy Towards the Slavonians—The Hussian Press en the Eastora Question. The topic.of the ye arrival of l'rince Nicolas of Montenegro—an event of but slught importance in itself, but of great interest to all the educated classes of society, owing to several considerations closely connected with the so-calied Slavonic ques- tion, on which I may as wel! take tuis opportunity of expat First of you of the great division of the Ew jon into tree priucipal rac @ Latin, the Tentonic and the Slavoui ‘nis simple ethnographical fact has been the cause of many a political combimation until now, and will lead to many more before anything like a definitive order of things’ bas been hyought about, especially since the “principie of nationalities” has been made an articie of liberal political faith, any person who would now stand up in defence of the mght of the Austrians to govern Milan, or of the Turks to govern Athens, would be either laughed down or hooted Gown; yet none of the Western advocates of national autonomy and non-lntervention seem to think itall unmeet that twenty millions of Siavo- nians should wear the yoke, and no gentie one !—of Austria, Hungary, and the Sublime Porte. We, too, acknowledge and express the principle of natlonali- ties; we, too, think it the best thing for Europe, at Jeast for the next fifty years, the best means of throwing down numbers of offensive barriers, of petty gud envious distinctions, the results of which have been amply shown in the fate of ancient Greece ‘and medival ita!y; and in this sense Russia, sympa- thizes, to a certain extent, with the Monroe-like doc- trine of Bismarck and Napoleon, each of whom 5 ower fashion, to set up a national im one and a Teutonic one. But ‘4 has the guilty presumption of claiming the same rights for herself, and of wishing to build @ national Slavonian world of her own, the materials being ready to hand any moment and even less questionable than many ingredients of, for instance, the Teutonic Masonry. It is a circumstance well known to the most guper: ficial pbilologist that the German tongue has @ greater number of subordinate dialects than the old Slavonic one, and that the aifference between many of these dialects is greater than between moat of ours. An tnhabitant of Bavaria will understand an inhabitant of Hanover with far more dilicuity, if at all, tan a born Russian will understand a Serbian, a Bulgarian, or even a Czech (inbabitant of Bone- iia) or a Pole. This close connection, together with tue feeling of kinship arising therefrom and te ua- tural sympathy for the oppressed and ill-treated imdred race, is the only real cause of the mutual aliracion of Mussian and foreigu Slavonians wo each other, which, under the dreaded name of “Pausiaviem,” has become so great bag- erm Europe. There cau be nd doabs then Rus: bear to W that Pansiavism, in te sense | have just tudicated, docs exis. But the Westera Powers do the Lussian government too much honor in attribut- ing © ii a \ast and farsigute 1 desiga of whica it ts Innoceat to a. com e, COMET Jug the great fase which is made ‘he trutu is, ic is about as iomatical frei as Well as tho: u 113 many, or as You Kuow a great eciuedly pirit), sVORIC ut every step reciy interpreted, dip atic hints waroings, and the of jaily since the ‘grand Mos- cow exnibiuc and the visit of the great slavon utatiod, that tiey nervously shriak from every tit 2i can give Cocasion Lo Suspicion, aud try to dis smuch 24 po 2 even the privae attempis of dafferent (more ¢ ) induen- tial persons to get up something like a regular Sia. paganda. ppaganda does exist and make its Wa), parily throug® ibose Uiousaad subde and unde finable ayeucies 1o Wuich 1 have already alluded; parcly openly, in the shape of friendly intercourse, of luctcused traveling in Slavonic countries, of the up- pearance of a greater wamber o/ literary and sctenu- lic books about those countries and a move general study oi thew languages, as weil a8 of the venerable motitergtongue—Uid Slavonian —of abundant eesti. mney ahd DUOKS (mostly the latier) buten in | sciovls and libraries; lastly, of favor aud assistance (even pect ¥, by subscriptions) to each of tie Slavonic brethren who are driven to seek poace @ cistance [rom Ausirlad “commissars” sit pachas aud mnudina, li is but jst to say nebi generally Goes got refige its protec- sugees. There are several of thera in the ary, and Chere are a few sehoiars and eveu poets of 0 service. A digim- e h composer, of great promise, ia one of the im- perial ti tion Was hon ored by i fauauly, and Was aright dowa trit T crown and ali, But apart from auch mMpachy and assist- Buve, 2nd soWe occas I public de- monstrations, diuners, on thanks. giving or otuer prayers ral curb Our Lady of /4z4n Ou occasion of some memors Siavouic hustory, there hing like a = ‘i Servia or Buigaria, or aad literary works contribute % the natioual Ubrary in Leu sacut'a image), with @ Velicurad to alorn te sarin of the brother sulnis—ty travelled m all t tribes and tawg.t them e use of t Biavonic alpiabe: composed by them, WV lay ing the iirsi stone to Our Bational Culture; or when editors send their magaci aud daily periodicals uitously to Zahzeb (Agram) or Novy Sad (Neu satz), On Lhe jompt application of @ set of penurious students eager “Ww learn weir great Kindred tong the Russiaus do not consider that they comm! greater offence than the Athenian Greeks when they send arms and’ provisions to their Candiate brethren, But Kussla has no sucl decided political arriere-penscée @§ het Greek coreligionai'es—De thoughts for the present of uiumave annexation. She merely feeis bound by all weansin her power ‘to heip them Uo their mora! and political emancipa- tion; there 18 @ Solidarity between sie aad them, rotecting on her side, confiding on theirs—some- ing like the family \ink betweeu the head of a great house and poor reiauous, bul noting arore. ‘On the other and, Western Lurope is not quite wrong in its panic dread of the irresisubie growth and spreading Of pausiavistc ideas. lield in suil- crent awe by ine overwheiming dimensions of Russia and the consciousness of the gushi, ial force and resources that is treasured within her, it must naturally look forward With anxious aversion to the additional Weight and power she must obtain, if not through the formal political anvexation, yet (hrough the willing and avectionate dependence and real {not diplomatic) niente cordiaie which will subsist between her and her kindred aingdotus, principall- ties, or whatever tley will be, the moment they are free from Austrian, Hungarian and vttoman away. Idonoteven speak of Austria, whose trepe- dation is thing but unfounded, aince such an event would her Geath blow, her very existence being ao toreal phantom, @ luiracie of numan inge- ity and apparently giving the ile to the axiom that not Contrary to nature can subsist for any Jengtu of time. You will not wonder after all (hat I have said, that the arrival of the Prince of Montenegro a viets to the Bmperor, should be at- tended wih ae éclat quite disproportionate to the — intl a of the event. ‘The presence of Warrior, the head of that haudfui of hereait ary : onic joe, to whose un- peuineatn i d for having Kept Balkan is nd onder the Owoman Mood; even the grace- picturesque ar costume which lends to eas ean ‘wearer a us romance, has an ine Silat tem eer Lage of Rusate ts considered the born of siavonie as well an treckintorasf Cho Raat At the time it is not to be that should be shirked ia the and friendly taix of two sovereigns. If it were not notorious wh way Emperor Alexander's heart lay, his imolination would be suiticiently hustrated by the following lit- tle incideut whiok took place at the theatre on the first night of that Caech composer's new opera, winelt f mentioned above, The Prince’s box iy right over the imperial one, and he wi his sulte, until Alexander came to visit him between the acts aud took hun down to hia owa box, when ‘bis adientiun was attracted by a mugnilicent sword which the Prince wore that night, “What sword is thaty” asked the Emperor in lis somewhat abrupt manner, “itis # gift of the Sultan’s”’ answered Prince Nicolas in some embarrassment, Wherenpon Alexander, without saying a word, unbuckled wie obnoxious weapon With tus own hands and i in @ corner, [i is expected that “LC Nicolas. will yery soon wear a sword the giver of which he will be able to name with more pride than him who presented him with the first. 1 have just reveived the last number o! the Moscow Gaaette, the leading organ, a3 you , of our ua- Uonal and patriotic people. It contains a remarka- bly stringent Icading article on the present phases of the Eastern quesiion, in which, after pointing gut the preposterous enortaity of che circumstances tiat Yurkey is adiuiited to an active seat ln the Cnoier- ence, while Greece is excluded from it, and conse- quently ts to play the double anomalous part of judge and client in her own cause, the author exclaims: —" (3 It possibie fo act more openly against every rule of justice and good sense* Is 1, possibie more eifectiye- ly to maim and delegalize beforehand the verdict ‘wiuch will be issued by tho great Powers! Is it possibie to enlarge upon the question more under preience of solving it, of irriiating the Fast more ander the pretence of trying to pacily it, But the whole weight and point of tae article with respect to Russian Poem Which, a8 usual in such cases, can be oniy differently guessed at, lies im the Coaciuding sentences, After laying peculiar stress ou the ii-advised political sysiem of France, by which she not ouly estranged more and more from her the Eastern Christians, but is forcing Russia to enter mto a closer coanection with Prussia, for which coubina- tion ‘he gratetul devotion of ihe Porte can be considered an adequate compen- sation, the writer goes on to say:—**Tuere are persons Who, seeing tliis bent Of the Weatera Pow- ers’ inclination and the unjust exclusion’of Greece from the conierence, belicve that it would be better ier Russia to take uo part whatever in this conference, and to leave to the unjust majority the full respousibuity of their decision. We Will candidly Own Unat We are almost ready to concur ‘im this opinion. Maybe ii were reaily better if Ras- sia were to refuse taking any part whatever in suck @ conference.” * * * 1 call your attention to these lines because they are the expression of an opinion ‘which is become pretty general here, and Which is founded on considerations which I atluded to in uy last ietter, viz.:—that Russia had better not jet herself rashly be involved in a war while not yet ready for it, and consequently must either leave the Greeks © square thelr accounts wiih the Turks ia the certitnde taatthe latter will be beaten, and re- serving to herself the right of insericring on the behaif of the former iu case of absolute need; or, better stil, allow the European Powers to stitch up Us Incident of the ultimatum as best they may, and meanwhile hasten to compiete her preparations so as to be ready for the neXt opportunity, which cannot but offer very soon, especially if the conference wisely leave Crete out of the question. 1am too late to day to allude at any length to an event of great significance, a sign of the times. I mean the suction of tue celebrated revolutionary Paper, th La. Cloche), Jormerly of Lou- don ap edited tor many years by tue welugees, Hergun (Isnandes) and Mr. Ogareil. The Reinforcements for the Suppression of the Cuban insurrection. - Caniz, Jan. 14, 1869. The Cuban insurrection seems to be gainin: ground, notwithstanding the highly favorable re. ports that most of the journals publish about the movement, If we are to believe these inspired organs, the insurrection is a very trifling affair, car- ried on by worthless bushwhackers for persona! ends, and we are assured that it will soon be suflocated by General Dulce, who needs no more troops to ac- complisn his work. We heard every three or four qays the same story about General Lersundi, but he did not suppress the insurrection and he asked con- unually for troops. And noy General Dulce is ¢le- manding reinforcements, ahd it is said thai the government will send him, a8 soon a8 pussibie, 15,000 additional men. Five thousand are under ord and will sail from Cadiz in a very few days. batteries of artillery will accompany the brigad ‘These are armed nd said to be very i made of the troops gotr companies and battalions mstead of retaining their ation. A large number of cazadores, or ig! re to be seut, a5 they age better cal- uated for bushwhacking than the rueipen's of the All these movements of troops al | c ihe. buraeusome to the treasury just now. if not entirely, empty, and aul its recelpts are a to the transportation of soldiers to Cuba, as W from point to point in Spain, to put down the rep Means. Ui the treasury Was tolerably full the entire body of 15,000 men would be sent to Cuba in ten days from this time, as foreign marine transpor tion couid be secured. As it 1s, the limited acco: mocations of the Lopez Une are taxed to the utmost, and out litte is afforded, The balance of the corps to be sent ont cannot arrive tn tume to be of much service bejore the hot season seis tm, In wluch operations in (Me feid wiii be extremely dangerous to acclimatized troopa. Already many of the journals are beginning to croak and publish all sorts of evils. Itis admitted by many that a tre- mendous eifort must be prompuy made or the iwiaud is lost forever. Ope paper states that 4.000 men of the Volunteer force of Barceloug have offered their services to go to Cuba to assist to put down the m- survection. The government feels exceedingly grate ful for this patriotic offer, bui It does not propose to accept it, as it is very naturally a little afraid of these geutiemen, who would more likely go over to the pacriots than fight against them. The govern- ment picks its volunteers and selects fis regiments. it does net send oul volunteers or soldiers without knowing on which avie they way be counted. They are quite sensible iu this respect. The Spanish Throne and Montpensier’s Prose pecieDisinterested Patriotism—French and Bourbon Co-operation—Colovins Elections to the Cortes. Mapxip, Jan. 20, 1959. Now that the political composition of the Vonsti- tutional Assembly is detiniiely setued, and it appears that the miniaterialists have the control, the discus- sion of the question of who shall be King is revived. Montpensier’s friends are pusotng his claims with aif energy and zeal that begin to tell. Several papers | lave come oat now in his favor, but they have po particular infaence. it is purely a question of sub- | sidy with Spanish journalists, and the party that | pays lighest 18 sure to win, #0 far a8 the journals are concerned, An editor told me a few days since that Monipens. isabella, Carlos VII. and ati the other pretendants were using money on the press here lu a liberal manner. The government gives patrouage Journais as support Montpensier, and the 8 are geueraiiy enjoying some fat sivecare. | You will thas see just now the Spanish journalists | are in high featuer, though what possible use they can be W apy party is more than | can imagine. The friends of Montpensier find themselves in the face of a seriou® obstacie when they urge his election as king, from the uniriendly attitade of the Emperor of France, It ta quite settied thas ue will look upon any attempt to place ao Orieauist on the Spaniel throue w that Lo would not take ulterior measures to prevent the consummation of an act the! might. prove eventually « little dangerous to biw turone, The more carnest become the cries for Montpensier the more attentive does the Emperor show himself to tie ex-Queen Isabella. Your Paris correspondent wilt tell you of the growing intimacy between tie Vour- bons and the tuperial family. Bach day the attentions of the Emperor towards the queen are | move marked. The Spaniards see in ali this a con- spiracy, aud J think they are not far from right. io the dret place the Empress is a very faithful Catho- } | in France {f she had the power. | that maintains a Freuch corps of occupation in the | | Holy City, and she felt auite as keenly the at- | tempts made by the of Spain to cur- | tan the oot Ld Cburch to extend the biessings of @ to the masses. In all Queen, whese hey 4 re | and whom wet Now as littie leas her sove’ she i6 6 watia advo- | cate of the rights edie Th peaportes istow the divine ¢ Emperor, +, once = is also de- sirous of w complications tii “rie it Spain elect ‘an Orleanist ag or, What would be worse, be- pp Nd Beare ree oe es eereat of | the ‘aidheutty” and: tt ie not enould week to reatore Isabella te the throne and between the two na- on of war. With could connt on of the “y troubies of very uneasy at this sudden urn of sl en burn ol and soarcaly. Epo what todo. Its semi- organs talk boldly and proiess little about the % Tor's ¥ tion of France, and i doubt whether he would accept the crown if there was of any diticuities arising between the two nations in consequence thereof. He is no madcap, Moatpentsier. He looks betore he leaps, if he ever leaps, and counts the full |. cost. On the whole, i think it may be safely pre- dicted that the Orieanist will not sit on’ the Spanish throne, unless there is a great change in the opinions of Napoleon, whica is very unlt . ‘They stil! talk of the ‘taltan princes, but Ido nob think they possess any sircngtl it 's possible that public opinion ufsctured in their favor, but at present the people have scareely given them a glance. We shall soon see Who is likely to be the unfortunate man to me ppos the Spanish throne, The of Geta of this morning contains a tong decree of the Minister of the Uolontes, bearing daie December 14, but only now published, providing for elections to the Cortes trom Cuba and Porto Kico. After a long preamble, 1a which the government gives tts reasons for not carrying out the principles wed in the mother country im enlarging the rights of the colonists and enumerates the di(icul- ties lying in its patn, especially those caused by ihe institution of slavery, ib proceeds to decree the man- ner of conducting the elections, which are to be called whea the civil governors think best. No gon sali vote who Is not a Spaniard, fully enjoy- all his rights and who pays taxes to the amount of twenty-five dollars a year to the government, aud he must be twenty-five years of age. ‘The civil gov- ernors are to carry out the getails of the election and to have general control of the same, and they have power to suspend the election in any district where it may appear advisabdlee ‘The machinery i much the same us that used here, and requires no further explanation. After roninte, the decree over one naturally asks wuen will the election be likely to occur and why is that a taxpaying qualification is i din the colonies which does not exist here ? Ido not believe auy one can aaswer satisfactorily either question. Certainly there seems to be no.rea- son ay colonists should be compelled to pay twenty-five dollars a year in taxes when nothing of the Kind ls expected here. There may be good cause for the invidious distinction, but I fail to see it. It 1s simply a pert and parcel of the system al- ways adopted by Spain in governing her colonies, ‘They are re; led more in the light of profitable slaves than worthy equals. Spain never will cease to regard Cuba and Porto Rico as rich milch cows, at whose (eais the seedy and needy individual Spaniard, and nation as well, must be al- ways tugging. How much money can we get out of the poor devils in Caba’ is te question first propounded by every Spanish govern- ment, not how shall we make them better satistied with their relations with tue mother county? Even now, in the face of a fierce and stubborn rebeliton, the government professedly founded on the will of the people cannot extend to the colonies the rights enjoyed in the peninsula, but must make a mon- strous distinction between their people and tose here. Spaniards never can jearn, even by experience, until it is coo late. Cuba will probably accept the terms offered, but not with that satisiaction that she would fecl if she obtained all her rights. By the law Cuba is entitled to eighteen delegates and Porto Rico to eleven. ‘The election canuoi be lisid in time to enable their delegates to participate in tne earlier proceedings of the Assembly, in waich their own ia- terests are likely to be affected. But that ts nothing to the mother country. GERMANY. The Bourse—Warlike Preparations of Prus- sia~Unjust Government Interference. PRANKPORT, Jua. 20, 1869, Our Bourse is now exempt frem political influence, and prices tend up again; particularily shares of bauks and railways are in good request, The favor- ites of the day are Lombard railway shares, which have risca this week from 20% to 218, The shares of the new banks started iu Austria and Bavaria are quoted at a premium ranging from five to tweive percent, though such bauks can be established in unlimited number, provided they do not issue notes and conform with the law with regard to the miat- mum sum fixed for shares. Tue Madrid loan was, as faras regards our place, a miserable failure—no- body got into the trap. There was a great fuss made in French papers about the large lots to be drawn for; but as these go only appear in the drawings of 1937 and 1938 it has been calculated that the 250,000 franes then due are worth ow, at the rogular interest paid by 0 francs, and at five per cent interest 6,000 francs. ft appesrs that snoh tricks as have always beeu tried at lov bronght out by Erlanger, Retarts, &c., ure expioded und tuat new coucoctions must be resorted Lo to take peopie in. Americans are in request for investments but no longer speculative matter; business therein will only revive when the premium on goid shows @ re- lapse. ‘he Prussians ere now cutting down the trees in the public promenades at Mentz, just as if we were on the brink of war, and itis reported from well in- formed parties that they are working day and night in theit arsenals. lt appeara that they do not icci quite comfortable about Austria recovering strength and France being well armed and provided. in tact there is uot the least cloud perceptible on the polil- cal horizon, once the Turkish-Greek dispute {8 set- ued, and Prassia’s anxieties originate therefore tn a bad conscience, she knowing best by what intrigues her and wronga she has territories, and she cannot believe that Austria will have forgotten all this whenever she recovers strength. Stil we are yet far distant from the day when Austria could wish for wer; peace makes her strengti: she is wonderfully re- the wiumost disfavor, and 1 is pot certain | lic of the Isabella school. She beileves tn Churcy | supremacy and would crush out ail sorts of heresy | Is is her influence © covering under free institutions, and there is sich confidence now there prevailie in the stability of the present government that Austrian funds contnue to pour in at Vienna from abroad, and are readily taken there tu #pite of the many new Issues. The Austrian Tau ways show a trafic far superior to that of Prussia, and while the latter believed she haa got rid of Austrian rivalry for¢ong years she must now look to her as acompetitor of German affairs and those of Europe at large. Prosstan bureaucracy is becomnng, by their meddling with everything, quite ridiculous in the new provinces. It is reported from Sonne- near Wetsbaden, that the schoolmaster of the village has been summoned by the government omicers for having eaten @ herring he tt % from his landlord, a grocer, Having beew asked for the reason why he hed eaten : that herring, Whether it was not for having drank too ronch the day before, he answered that he had done it because his lendiord had sent tie same for breakfast. This would not do. The royai govern- ment declared they mnst know the reatou why he had eaten the herring, and he was dismissed and sent to Sauerthal, a poor village at a secluded spot. When this uureasonabie mterference was discussed in tne public papers the natnorities declared that the schoolmaster had been dismussed for drinking too ran mm an evening and that his eating @ herring was proof of this. People who are not accustomed to the prying spirit of Prussian bureaucracy may consider this incredible, but it has actually taken place at @ fow miles distant from here, Prosecu- tions for a libellous song. for s caricature of @ m:n- ister, or for a strong word in a newspaper are of daily oceurrence. here yesterday evening at a mnt, and gave great sefistac- tion, he naturalized German ¢staping the Sonate. PRUSSIA, Political Remarks—Preceedings of the Lower Chamber—Reformed Jo’ Oath=Pras- sians Abrond=Telegraphic IntelligencemA Clever Theft—Obiinary—American Baptiam. BeERnin, dam. 28, 1969. In the ministerial Provincial Correspondence of ‘his morning we find an articie on the Tarco-Greek | ditieulty, which looks upon the resaits of the Paris | Conference a8 @ sure promise of a peaceable sotu- tion. “The unanimous opinion of the Powers re- specting principles of international right applicable in this éase has been notifed to the Greek gov- | ernment and will undoubtedly be respected. A reply from that government is looked for during the | first week ofnext month, and then the Conference will eit once more to complete ita labors’? Tne of ficial organ adds that the fact of a veritable harmony between the Powers is of itself—besides an expected ‘suiccesa Of ite peace mission—an eventof the highest importance and gratification. Before tis reaches you the Greek answer will be known. Considering that the hot-headed Athenians have lately stuck up piacards on George 1.’s palace, headed “War or Abdication,”’ and the eccentricity Bulgaris-Deilyannis, it does not seem ind the peace trumpet before some de- finite arrangement is come to. The lower chamber wil! enter to-raorrow upon the discussion of the Confiscation bill. Feenon to im those Gopetion in ae not been intfoduced. « ) formed by lier, Her as Old ac- one Rhenish deputies ler com- pliments to his re Befor 4 other, ots we must not lower chamber upon coy fd proj as follows;— Firat, the oath of Tsractites commences with “T swear the Al ty end help me, God,” women it on eee ayn how Shee ar See gee a amass monies abd procedures ‘The Prussian statute has hitherto drawn @ dis- tinction between those who leave the realm with or permission, Up to Uctober 12, 1567, when the ion Was gracias by means of om jaw having 18 Pass PO! ing left it at the option of travellers to aE them. selves with documents, these no longer government permission to travel abroad, but d ke 5 fe Serve the purpose of proving identity. ‘The above, mention distinetion can, of course, no 10) be maint; since no government permission is now requisite, ‘There ts a difference, however, laid down by the authorities, and it is offictally stated as fol- lows: —The status of a Prussian subjoct: cing ohne and having remamed over ven years without having previously Obtaihed oficial permiasion and express- ed the wish to retain his citizenship is lost, while such is not the case with those who observe the aforesaid requirements. In the first case the period of ten years Is reckoned from the day of departure, while in the latter it will only commence atter the exp the leave of absence, 28 expressed in their travelling documents. . Dr. W. Siemens, sections, as far as Kussia Persia is rapidly Progressing, and it may be confidently ox- pecan that Une, of such great importance to riental commerce, will be completed within the present year and ready for active operation. The various dimculties arising from the laying of tie cable between Kertch and Taman, as’ also those originating frem topographical causes on the nortii- ern shore of the Black Sea, have, it is sald, been successfully overcome. The negotiations with Persia in regurd to an extension of the line are carried on by Mr. Socio mamas. cousin of the aforementioned |- princtpal, w! stl stopping at Vcheren for this urpose. a Cipher despatches, which have not heretofore been permitted on the North German wires, will be ad- mitted within a short period, subject to conditions. These ace that such messages must be in Arabic characters and solely in letters ot the alphabet, ae the address andSigoature must be in ordinary writing. A ueW pore. hes: lala. pecs ingeccigcat fon the purpose of ig rallway carriages. it consists o: an iron cylinder covered with sheet giags, is placed outside on the top of the carriage and heated by means of charcoal. A smail chimney and a recep- tacle for the ashes complete the whole apparatus, which is sald to distribute an equal and ayreeuble temperature. An engine driver on the Baden Ratlway has re- cently been condeinned by the courts of Mannheim to pay a fine of 4,000 florins and to three months’ im- prisonment on account of @ collision on that line, It transpired in the course of the trial that this man was on constant and uninterrupted duty for two nighis and one day and that the accident was due to lls being fast asicep from over-fauigue. The chevaliers Mindustrie seem to have got very clever of late; even princely property ia heid by them in Lo respect, Not satistied with picking pocketa, breaking open stores and dwellings, they must needs invade the privacy of Prince Albert's (brother of the King) stables, watched aa they are by numerous grooms, day and night, and abstract therefrom one of hig most valuable steeds, They succeeded in lead- ing the animai through a back door into the park, and, singular to reiate, they have left no trace whatever for she guidance of the police. in the obituary we notice the death of Count Reichenbach, at Leipsic, tie celebrated naturalist and the inventor of that mysterious physica! powér called “od,” an essence siiailar to ether. Another death is taat of the famous botanist, Lcklon, who has but recently expired at the Cape of Good Hope. He was @ native of Sc wig-Holsiein, and has re- sided in Africa since 1 He has made no less than four attempts to reconcile himself to the piace of his naiivity, but on each occasion returned to the Cape, a8 possessing more charms for bim as a botanist, on account of its inexhaustible floral treasures, A baptismal ceremony took place yesterday at the mansion of the Hon. Mr. Bancroft, largely attended by the prominent statesmen, liverat: and artists of tus city. [twas the juvenile daughter of Colonel Bliss and grandchild of our respected Minister, who waa christened with the names Hlizabeth Bancroft Bliss. As may be imaginea, the hospitabie hoard on this occasion groaned under its weight, and numer- ous and hearty weve the congratulations passing on all sides. May every blessing wait upon the young Merican born on foreiga but friendly soul. AUSTRIA. ‘tattutles: of the Coufmercial Marine=Ship Building iy Triestf—Austvian Policy Toe wards the East—Newspaper Condsention== The Weurher. vi A, Jan. 13, 1869. The Annuario Maritino, of Trieste, and the Tries! er Zeitung, have each published a review of the sta- Usties of the Austrian commercial marine as it stood atthe end of i865, and of its progress during the saiue year, irom which two reports | have gleaned the following information;~At the end of 1868, the Imperial Royal Commercial Navy numbered 7,963 vessels with a tonnage of 43,030 tons burden, and a personnel of 27,387 men. ‘these figurers, however, include the ‘fishing boats, lighters and vessels adapted only for short coasting trips. Of steamers, there are eighty-two with 15,611 horse power and 39,84 tons, Ail these steam- ers hail from Trieste, and seventy-three of them be- long to the Austrian Lloyds Steamship Company, whose shipyarda and headquarters are at Trieste. There are 602 sailing ships adapted to long sea voy- ages, of 275,443 tons burden. Of the category of sailing ships Fiume has the jargest number— namely, 171—then comes Lussin Piccolo, and Triesie holds only the thud rank. Of slips dtted only for the coasting trade Spainio has the iargest number, then Zara; thirdly, Ragusa, and fourthiy, Trieste. ‘Turning aow to the increase and decrease account for 1363 we fad that the Austrian marine lost seven- twen vessels, large and small, by shipwreck and thirty-one by sale toforeign shipowners, The seven- teen shipwrecked vessels represented 5,663 tons, and the thirty-one sold 8,251 tons. The increase account shows 452 vessels of 32,187 tons ata cost value of 4,678,700 florins. ‘These vessels issued from the sixty-nine large and swall shipyards which stud the coastiand of Austria and liungury. These shipyards give employment to 2,800 persons, Of these sixty nine yards eleven are at Trieste, and these turned out during the year seven steamers, fifteen sailing ships (large) and twenty-three sailing ships under Aiteen wons. t in amount of new téanage aito- gether both Fiame and Lusain Piccolo outstripped ‘Trieste, These vessels, whether of tron or wood, are constructed almost entirely of native marertal. For mpie, of the frou consumed In 1868 there came (4,075 cwta. from Styria, 40,037 cwts. from Carinthia, 3,966 ewts. from other parts of Austria; only 2,512 cwta. from Belgium, only 9,750 cwts. from Great Britain, only 319 ewts, from Sweden. The wood i@ mainly drawn from Istria, Styrig, Carinthia and Carniola. Italy is the only country which con- tributes shipwood to Austria, and taat only to a small extent, On Sanday next a ee event will take place at te. One of the first shipbuilding firma of that pince, the Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino, to-wit, will launch an fron-plated corvette, named Qneen Viga, whieh has been constructed to the order of the Hellenic government. This is the first ship- of-war which has been built fora foreign govern- ment by an Austrian builder, The same firm ts building @ similar corvette for the —— govern- ment. You will gather from these Ogures that Aus- trians have more than one reason for taking a lively interest inthe progress towards completions of tue Sues Canal. A telegram from London, which you published on the 26th December, aays:— Lord Clarendon, as was to be expected, adheres to the aid Hey of England ip rerard to 5 eon and the of ‘ostrta — poe ey while cis capital, = 2 . 16, 1e0oi-wkiPtis ‘Sititer. Baltic, and trausported thence to GComplete telegraphic communication las been effected between the city of Warsaw and the Russian frontiers of Bessarabia. ‘The Marquis of Bute has given £5,000 towards the new Roman Catholic cathedral about to be built Westminster, A It is rumored that Mr. Merry, M, P., has backed his — Belladrum to win £50,000 on the approaching ye . The Emperor's speech, containing 1,012 words, was sent by tolexreph on two wires: froin Paris to Kouen, in twenty-seven minutes. Rochefort, of Lanéerne notoriety, has commenced a@lawasull for heavy damages against Beriin puv- lisher for ropublishiag lis work without anthority, ‘The princely house of Hanau is far trom being a bappy famu . ‘The sons are not only at aw wie father, but also with each other. King George V. nas ‘sevt a number of his photo- jphs to Hanover bearing his signature, ‘to be dis- ited among those who sympathize with his On January 158 aliock of was felt in Calcutta and Gitacsont the ‘alenaict ae Azsamn. At bekrar many Sunes, were duiauged and the bazaar at Silchar was destroyed. Bull Run Russell is to accompany the Prince and Princess of Wales on their trip to the Nile, for the purpose of making notes that will be published on the return of the royal party. ‘The Prussian Jfonifeur recently published a list of about 1,000 nominations to various orders. ‘Those on whom they are conferred all beinne, to the annexed countries und sympathize with the ideas of the King of Prussia. si ‘The good people of the ancient town of Poitiers, in were much shocked recently by the elope- ment of a young priest with one of the ruling bel ‘The reverend fuiier was confidential secretary to’ the bishop, aud, ou icaving, took all the cash under bis charge. The Pesther Lloyd mentions that twenty Prussian enter the Wouinanian army as military iustructors, ent army as in ustructors, and that ninety-six heavy , Lesides 120,000 breech-loading rifles, have lat been received m the War Departmeitt. . ‘Two “gentlemen” were recently sentenced in London to five years’ imprisonment, with hard labor, for having wilfully damaged oie ie rit ‘on the Dover and Chatham & pe- cunlary offers were refused point blank by the ma- gistrate. It 13 reported in Paris that the government is about to purchase @ share in the Figaro, in order to influence election matiers, The share in question brings Mr. Villemessant a yearly income of about 40,000 in gold. ‘The Italie of Florence states that the departure of King Victor Emanuel for ,Napies was fixed to take place from the 28th to the ult. His Majesty will remain there or in the province about twelve days, He is not likely to extend his journey to Palermo or Messina, He will go and return by way of Foggio and Benevento. ‘The Piedmontese Gazette gives an account of an unfortunate incident at Caseila, onthe 17th ult, Some troops had been sent there in consequence of the agitation produced by the grist ta: ne popu- lation became still more incensed at measure, anda demonstration took place. Shots were fired, and three of the inhabitants were killed, while sev- eral others were wounded. The property of King George of Hanover, now under the administration of the Prussian authori- tiea, Amounis in value to 15,332,000 thaiers, which, placed in the Prassian funds at four and one-quarter per cent, would bring in an annual revenue of about 6 8,000 thalers. The expense of management reaches 180,000 thalers. ‘The manager of the Paris Jockey Club, having® missed constderable quantities of piate mstituted a watch, which resulted In the arrest of one of the ts. From pawn tickets found at the man’s it appears that he had purloined various ved m all at about $1,200 ta gold, belong- he service of the club, ty INTERESTING POLITICAL RETROSPECT, ‘The History of Cabinet Making--By One Who Expects to be in Geveral Grants Cabinet. {from the Hartford Me te Hawley— c) ‘There has been much speciiationn regard to the composition of General Grant's Cabinet, and the non-announcement of the individuals whom he intends shall be his advisers is spoken of as some- thing singular and oblectionable; bot. tf inquiry is made as to the course parsed by ms pre- cecessora, tt wilt be found that, with scarcely an exception, they have euch declined to elect the heads of departments, or to make Known their choice until after the votes have beeu officiaily ean- yaased aud declared by Congreas. ‘this takes place by law on the second Wednesday of February, which this year comes on the 10th—to A retrospect of the last forty years shows that oniy one cabinet has been perfected prior to the week jfreceding the inauguration. Forty years ago to-morrow (Fepruary 11, 1829), General Jackson arrived at the capital, Great intve- resi Was felt by ail in regard to his constitutional ad- visers, and although it was generally e: that Mr. Van Buren would be Secretary of St the first Cabmet speculations were not published in Wash- ington until the 26th of February, On the next day (tiie 27th) the National Intelligencer sem-authorita- pen announced the foliowing as the probable sabinet:— etary of State, Martin Van Pare. of New York; Secretary of the Treasury, S. D. Ingham, of Pennsylvania; Secretary of War, J. H. Baton, of ‘Tennessee; Secretary of the Navy, Join Branch, of North Carotina; Postmaster General, John McLean, of Ohio; Attorney General, John M. Berrien, of Geo The only change su ently made was in the snbstitution of W. T. try, of Kentucky, for Postmaster General in the’ ‘piace of Mclean, who was appointed to the bench of the Supreme Court. it is weil known that Henry Baldwin, of Pepnsylvanta, came to Washington on the invitation of General Jackson, who Intended to make him Sec- retary of the Treasury. Mr. Baldwin, however, was not acceptable to the Vice Iresident, Mr. Cathoun, and the opposition of that gentleman and his friends, including almost the whole, of the + Pennsylvania delegation, Was #0 great that to conciliate them ‘® change was inade, and Mr. Ingham, a devoted par- tisan of Mr. Calhoun, was appointed, Mr. Van Buren, who succeeded General Jackson, made On his accession to the Presidency but asingie change in the Cabinet, He tmmediately nominated Benjamin ¥. Butter, of New York, for temporary service a8 Secretary of War, and a few days subse- quently named Joel R. Poinsett, of South Carolina, who served throngh the term. General Harrison arrived in Washington on the oth of February, 1541, and on the lsth the Va- onal Inteligencer announced, semi-oMctally, that 80 fat as depended upon the President the Cabinet would in all provatnilty be thus composed:—secre- tary of State, Daniel Webster, of Massachusetts; Secretary of the Treasury, Thomas Ewing. of Om0; fecretary of War, Johu Bell, of Tennessee; Secretary of the Navy, George K. Badger of North Carolina; Postmaster General, Francis Gran of New York; Attorney General, Joha J. Critt , of Kentucky. No change was made in the list thus carly an- nounced. Mr. Polk reached Washington on the 13th of Feb- rnary, 1846, and tt is understood that his Cabinet was not definitely formed until afier the ist of March. Washington papers ge ho specula- tions concerning it. Mr. Polk, having been noml- nated and elected over Mr. Van Buren, felt aud nowlodged his obligations to the friends of the latter, immediately afier his election tendered the office of Secretary of the Trea- to Silas bs ag then recently ciected Governor of New Y That gentleman declined the place, Imt desired, as did Mr, Van Buren, that it should be conferred on Colonel A. ©. Flagg, a gentie- man of great fluancial ability and integrity. This arrangement, however, was not satisfactory to Governor Marcy and Ms friends, who not at thas time im full the democratic Polk though and cotaplications by tendering the Troasury Mr. Bancrott, a profound admirer of Mr. Buren, But this unexpected selection satist neither, Mr. Van Buren and his friends ac- sooner reform in the we me that the entire change of heads of cedent in our go! 4 ee, as in the present case, without chang politics. General Taylor left his home 1840, en roucé for Washington, but did not the capital until the 23d. He had intended to J, J. Orittenden, of Kentucky, Secretary of State, Mr, Clay's unexpected return to the Senate frustrated hin desi Mr. Crittenden and Mr, Clay were old friends, but the former had favored Geueral Taylor aa amore available c: ‘This caused fora time an alienation, which had an influence on the subsequens course of both, Mr, Critvenden was apprehenatve ‘that if he took a position in the Cabinet of General ET Shee jor Mr, Clay, a8 Senator, would em the ud- fahistration, As early aa the vin. of Rebruacy, before General ‘Taylor reached Washington, it was announced that Mr. Orittenden had declined a Cabi- net position, but i was not until the 3d of Maroh that it was announced that the Cabinet would pro- bably be'couposed a3 follows:— Secretary of Stato, d. M. Olay tte of Delaware; Secretary of the ‘Treasury, W. of Penn- sylvanta; Secretary of War, George W, Crawford, of ja; Secretary of the Navy; Abbott Lawrence, of Massachusetts; Postmaster General, Thomas ee ‘pone ‘Attorney General, W. B. Preston, fi It a generally believed that Truman Smith, of Connecticut, who had been largely tustrumentai seeuriug the nomination and election of Geuerad ‘Taylor, would be offered the position of secre- tary of the ‘Treasury. Mr. Clayton did .not favor tlie appointment of Mr. Smith, but that gentleman was tendered by General Taylor the new poston of Secretary of the Interiox, anoflice crested the closing hours of the preceding Congrcga and after the Cabinet had been {ormed. Mr. Smith We pata telat a ing at "rsh whiob ren- dered a recast of a portion of to Cavingt Reoassary. Mr. Preston was made of the Navy, wing Secretary of the Interior, Colianér, of fermont, Postmaster General, and Reverdy Johuson, Lifiminecicgn? Attorney General. of February, 1853. Four before his arrival (on the 17th) aTeeler was thrown ont that ie Valanet would be as follows:— . Secretary of State, Caleb Cushing, of Massachu- set the y, A. U. Flagg, of New ‘Secretary of the 1 York; Secretary of War, Je‘forson Davia, ‘of Missis- sippi; Secretary of the Navy, R. &. Stockton, of New Jersey; Secret of Interior, John C. Dobbin, of North ; Postmaster General, R. MeCieliaad, of Michigan; Attorney General, James Campoell, of Pennsylvania, ‘This ticket lacked ith and character, Gen- eral Pierce was young and the list promulgated had not national reputation. or public confidence w the extent required. Fiagg, still the choice of Van Buren an friends as the xepresentative of inet, was com no as secretary of the adrainistration generally feel that Mr. Cushing had sufficient politi- cal character and strength for that place, although possessed O1 great legal acquirements. ‘ihe selection of Marcy for the Stato Department precluded Plaga from the Treasury, which was finally given to Guthrie, of Kentucky, through the advice aad tnilnence of F. P. Blair. aarp beet made Attorney General and Dobbin, instead of Stockton, Secretary of the Navy. The position of all excepting Jefferson Davis was changed, and the Cabinet finally stood as foillows:— secret of State, Wm. L. Marcy, of New York: Sec- retary oi the Treasary, James Guthrie, of Kentuck, Seeretary of. War, Jefferson Davis, of Mississippt; Secretary of the Navy, J. C. Dopbin, of North Caro- lina; Secretary of the Interior, x. Mo(leliand, of Mie! ; Postmaster General, James Campbell, of Pennsylvania; Attorney General, Caled Oushing, of Massachuseits, Mr. Buchanan did not arrive in Washington until’ the 2d of March, 1357, and had selected bis Cabinet before beac 4 his home at Lancaster. On the 26th of February the Intelligencer: ay the folowing as Oabinet:—Secreiary the epee composition of hi of State, Lewis Cass, of Michigan; Secretary of the ‘Treasury, Howell Cobb, of Georgia; Secretary of War, John B. Floyd, of Virginia; Secretary of tie Navy, Aaron Y. Brown, of Tennessee; Secreiary of the Interior, J. Thompson, of Mississippi; Postmas- ter General, J. Glancy Jones, of Pennsylvania; At- torney General, Isaac Toucey, of Connecticut. It was also said that Mr. Jones liad declined, and that the position of Postmaster General had been tendered to W. C. Alexander, of New Jersey. This programme was but slightly ed. Mr. Toucey was made, Secretary of the Navy, Aaton V. Browa Postmaster General and Jeremiah Black was brought in as Attorney General. Mn Lincoln arrived in Washington on the 2ad of Febroary, 1861. It was geuerally believed that Mr. i: Seward would be Secretary of State, although Mr. . Chase was the choice of many for that pgsition. There is no doubt, however, thas it was a fixed fact im the mind of President Lincoln, oe not an- nounced before he left Springfeld, that Mr. Seward should have the first ae in iis Caomnet. Tg some extent he was probably commmttted in makifig Mr. Cameron Secretary of the Treasury. Tne subject was not fully decided, however, until about the ist of March, when Mr. Cameron was ek to the War Department. Mr. Welles for the Navy und Mr. Bates fur Atiorney General were, like Dir, Seward, sciectéd but not announced before Mr, Lin- coin left Springfield, Caleb Smith for the {nterior and Montgomery Biair for Postmaster General were determined upon about the ist of March. Until» late day Mr. Lincoln was disposed to a) net officer from one of the States sout! ton, Hence the Interior Department was kept opeu until a late-pertod, ‘There was also a strong effort in certain quarters to substitute the name of Henry Winter Davis for that of Mir. Biatr as the represen ta- tive of Maryland in the Cabinet. General Grant is called, and truly ia, a “reticent” man, Sapecially upon matiers that do not concern his own bustne#3 and do concern other people's. He does not set himself up as an oracle or critic at large to find fault with or urge tt forward or backward dally. Having Kept silent until the tim for action arrives he ts never embarrassed by un- necessary com! But as to the Cabinet he does not differ from his jevessors in general, who have waited at least until they were deciared elected vefore pabitabing to the worid their mtentions. And ifthe reporters should hear nothing decisive con- cerning the Cabinet antil March they will be 00 worse of than many of their predecessors, WIGHWAY ROBBERY IR COVINGTON, KY. ‘The City Marshal Shot aud Mortally Wounded, @ (from the Cincinnatl Engutrer, Feo. 6.) About half-past six o'clock last evening, while John Bentiey, a resident of Florence, Boone county, Ky., was proceeding home in his wagon. having load of groceries, he was halted about 100 yards above Louisbnrg by three highwaymen, who at ouce proceeded to rob him of his money, Bontley had in his possession between twenty-three and twenty-five doliars, which he obtatned for a load of sheaf onts. ‘The robbors took this aad a silver watch from hinr and then retreated. Two boys, Bernard and Henry Dressman, sons of Henry Orewsman, Sr. saw them rum and gave chase, following the rascala to vington, where they informed the City farshal, Mr. Join Thompson, of what liad occurred, Mr. Thor immediately proceeded to the Covington aud Cincinnatl bridgo, and, upoa reaching the tol! house, found three mea answering exacily the description of the parties who cornmi! the robbery. Two of them had paid their toil and passed the coliector, The other was just in the aet of taking his change when the Marrbal arrested him. ‘The fellow walked quietly off with him, but after proceeding about fifteen yards toward the Covington jail, drew a pistol aud stiot the ofieer in the omen and then escaped. The other two men disappeared across the bridge. Marshal Thomp- son was conveyer! to his home, where his wound was examined. The ball entered the abdomen to the left of the median line, about two inches above the umbthons. The wounded man was easy at ning o'clock last night, though the physicians regarded his condition a8 extremely critical. IRCIDENTS OF THE REBELLION, ‘The Escape of Breckinridge and Renjamin from Dixie. [from the Vlorida Peninsula. There are afew facts connected with the osgpys of Genorat Breckinridge and Mr. Benjamin irow ihe confederacy which are, pe hot generaliy known. After the surrender Lee's arniy both General Brecklari and Mr. Bonjarnin made their way to Florida, meral Breckinridye struck the State near Monticello, where he found | friends who assisted him in to Marion county, whence he hoped to . @n opportuniy of the country. General Breckinr! te number of days in hunting and visting wi friends in Marton, but knowing a hie friends Asmall metalic boat, in which he and his oorn} Colonel W! and Captain Wood, and General's it servant soou found themselves ascending the St, Joua’s river. The , after much Teached Now Smyrna, wh found a ac which garrica thom safely to Nassau, N. P. The General was known us bg! os peer Monticello, where he met ‘im on to the vi- oP, this aiain hoped to ‘one of the na talands; ‘there Kept by the United ‘on the coast, r iy at eee tho aud as ani afow ir. min Lo itle anecdote connecjod with Mr. eniamn it cl with a friend of ours tn this vicinity, from making tt public. ‘ Tar Poisontna Caav.—The oxamina- tion of of Fi hi with piace befoi feervta tora c.0 a Narctone A. Torrey, ot 2 and defendant, fearent: an rest. in wns A og ar. ae Mon of £0 Case on mae ote