The New York Herald Newspaper, May 22, 1868, Page 4

4 ‘ “EUROPE. France Agitated by the Free Trade Dis- cussion and Symptoms of War. Roman Opinion of Disraeli’s Church Policy. American Trade in Turkey and Operation of the United States Tariff. By mail from Europe we have the-following special correspondence in intertsting detail of our cable despatches to the 9th of May. FRANCE. he Political Horizon Calm But Preparations for War—Trade Prohibition or Free Trade An Election Hustings’ Question—The Time of @ Government—The Herald’s Despatches from Abyssinia—Art and Art Patronage Eugenle’s Birthday—Patti’s Marriage. Paris, May 5, 1868, "The political horizon, like our balmy May sky, is clear and ser the squabbles of the Deputies among themselves certainly not affecting the world ‘at large. There are perhaps a few clouds gathering over Tunis, but if they break out it will relieve the dockyards, which are very full and busy, and on which money continues to be expended with reck- less generosity. It has been whispered that Marshal Niel, the ‘War Minister, and M. Rouher, have at length come to different opinions on this subject, but I know for certain that the only shade of difference in their views consists !n that Marshal Niel asked for fands enough to Keep France up to the European arming point and that the Minister of State said he did not for a moment dispute that necessity, It ap- pears to me that brothers could not agree more fraternally. I referred to small divergencies of feeling among the Deputies; the subject 1s prohibition and free trade repeal. A great struggle, a protectionist strug- gie, is looked forward to on the antictpated dis- cussion, which is to take place on the 11th of May. In a capital like Paris, where men of business are afew score years behind the times, where many. more or less, have been injured by free trade because ‘the system is as yet imperfectly carried out, tt can- not be expected that the debates will be gone through with calm, earnest inquiry. The coming elections and the opposition could not miss such an excellent chance of aggression, and the treaty of commerce wiil be made answerable for effects of which war, crises, bad harvests, and many others are the pro- bable causes. If there isa thing more diMcult to achieve in France than another, it 1s to give con- tent., ‘Content with restriction!" exclaim those who are happily bred and reared In the bosom of liberal institutions, aud who know nothing of ‘what are the various passions sown and carefully fostered by successive governments, until they have grown ap into rank obstacles wherever an open, free outlet is attempted. What is the result of the re- forms of the 29th of November and the 15th of Janu- ary—reforms which should not have been held back 60 Lam truly? The clearest consequence of what de- served to be greeted with joy, is that, instead of five Deputies on the opposition benches, there are now twenty-five, and that an-evening paper lately venti- Jated:—“When a government has lost twenty-eight ears it has but to resign quietly, before causing any Noodshed.”’ ‘Thus, a nation that has prospered deil- antly for twenty-elght years, must come to a natural death, Thisis a fickle people, not yet trained to vie with wiser populations, who maintain wisely their governments, and would give tooth and nail for the common weal. The few members of the press who had dreamed of uy porting the so-called “dynastic union,” have failed in the practical part of a splendid Utopia, It ‘was not 80 much based on pracine a8 on an earnest desire to be noticed and thought indispensable. Unda ban banner a number of intelligent but am. bitioi en Were desirous to leave the outcourts of Opposition and rally round the empire; but the new word for & very old thing was iil adapted. Emile Olivier, Clement, Davernois and Emile de Girardin haye not come over, 74 ‘ue news of the storming of Magdala having been conveyed to the London 7imes through the corres- pondent of the RE York HERALD in London, has somew Ohished the French, They express much wonderment in the public papers that the Americans, who were not interested in the ae a as the English, should have h & correspondent on the spot, who got so far “ahead” that his despatch ‘through the Maita line was delivered to the HkRALD staff in Loudon before the English suspected they had “come and seen and conquered.” The members of the press in France would wonder a little-harder, I guess, if they could see how regardless of dollars the HERALD is when intelligence is to be got, even a8 in this Abyssinian case, up, up, ever up from the top of YORK HERALD, FRIDAY, MAY 92, 1868.—TRIPLE SHEET. —. dich ar toa metberee wee him leave of apd that he was not with pli mislon, q | ye, Capnlete snd ve on hope until can 80) affirm that true love runs away if not Lane aaa. ROME. Pio None in Holy Week—Democratic Hisses gael Rome, April 20, 1868. ‘The Easter ceremonies are over, and the Pope per- formed his arduous part in them throughout the week with vigor, which completely proved the inoor- rectness of some reports lately in circulation respect- ing the failure of his health, He dolivered his benediction from the balcony of St. Peter’s to the troops and the assembled multitude below with a voice as robust and gestures as impressive as ever. The applause which greeted his Holiness in return was not altogether unanimous, for a group of roughs mounted on the steps around the obelisk ventured to hiss, and added some observations whioh led to their immediate arrest. One of them observed to his com- pantons, “Now would be the proper moment for an Orsini bomb,” and another had the impudence to utter a “Viva Vitalia Una!” A party of sdirri, or plain clothes policemen, who had apparentiy been watching the party, pounced upon them the moment they heard this seditious cry, handcuffed three of them and took them off to prison. From the ques- tions these sbirrt put to their captives it resulted that the latter were workmen and natives of the qaondam Pontifical provinces of Romagna and Bologna and had therefore been formerly subjects of his Holiness, which rendered their offence the more unpardon- able. At any rate it is certain that their Easter holl- days will be spent within prison walls in company with their political offenders. There are still in confinement about 150 individuals arrested at the period of the October tumults, but the evidence against them is hardly conclusive enough to warrant their condemnation as rebels. Yesterday the chief engineer of the works was examined at length by one of the c! judges, who seemed to pect that the employes ofthe gas Office on the Piazza del Ara Coli must have been in league with the rioters, because the latter, on account of the posi- tion;of the house in which the offices are, immediatel, opposite the ascent to the Capitol, made it thelr headquarters during their nocturnal attack on the corps de garde there on the 23d of October, Nothin; can be more absurd than such @ conjecture, for bi the people wished to side with the rioters they might have eastly cut off the gas and plunged the city into darkness instead of applying for an extra guard at the works, as they did. The Pontifical government, feetlng itself to be in continual danger, is of course always Ceytie? alert, and the military aud police authorities are always fancying a tradimento from some hidden enemy. Ridiculous rumors have been circulated, and be- leved too, of a visit lately paid to all the new fortifl- cations in Rome by Garibaldi himself, disguised as a hermit, im order to discover the best point for him to attack in his next campaign Inst the Eternal ay. But it is a fact that Colonel Pttterl, command- ant of the castle of St. An has been a fortnight under arrest by order of General Kautzler for @ permission to Visit the castle which was by suspected individuals. The illumination pr the nade of St. Peter's at je use le, cupola and colon- ter excl thé usual amount of admiration, and it is ind @ spectacle only to be witnessed in Rome, but the a, Jast night did not gain in public estimation for hav- ing been transferred to the Janiculum, as most of the sapere who have had opportunities of ju: ig of the effect of the reworks on the Pincian hill or at the castle of St. Age give a decided preference to the latter two localities. No doubt, however, the people were much more scattered about the lofty parts of the city to 8 view of the gtrandola, while the police authorit prefer to having them ‘lo merated in dense masses on the Piazza del Popolo. Before the French troops again leave the defences of the soverel; tiff to the valor of his own sol- dlers, it is d by the imperial government that the financtal dimiculty existi between Italy and Rome should be satisfactorily regulated. I allude to the assumption by the Italian government of that share of the pontifical debt corresponding to the ex- tent and population of the provinces taken from the Pope and annexed to the kingdom of Italy. long as last summer @ French commissioner, M. Lheu- reux, discussed the matter here with the Italian com- missioner, Signor Mancardi, under the auspices of the French ambassador, and an arrangement was made by which about two thirds of the papal oo would be transferred to the debit of Italy, the hoid- ers of such nutbered cartel or certificates as should be drawn by lot becoming creditors of Victor Eman- uel instead of Plo Nono. Abont the end eso Man- cardl took the plan to Florence, to be ratified by Sig- nor Ratazzi; but before he returned to Rome the French ambassador had left for Paris. The subse- quent autumn troubles prevented the affair from being resumed; but it now appears Postgive w XM. hg is in coming to Rome with Signor Man- [ ¢ op his way gt Florence with fie adn fon of a a Ba Woke othe cole The convention will be transacted between the French ambassador (for the Pope) and the Itallan*commis- sioner, the Holy See, of course, declining any direct oulations prejudical to its own rights, It is Phe vided that any holders of pontifical stock whose numbers are drawn, but who prefer remaining cred- itors of the pontifical government, may transfer their credit on the Italian exchequer to the pontifical government, from whom they will receive new certifl- cates of Roman rendita, People are leaving Rome already in great num- bers. Mr. Bierstadt, the celebrated American land- pope painter, closes his studio, and goes by Florence bs an enice to Vienna, whence he will proceed to don. rocks which are quite perpendicular. A newborn litle American journal, the Continental Gazetie, that has come out in Paris, very neatly attired in trim, short articles, was the first to call the attention of the Paris ress to this exumple of precedence ever shown by he HERALD, and the news lias run like wildfire eyer since. at run of the week ought to have been the Longchamps races, but the opening of the Exhibition of Fine Arts at the Palace de l'ludustre proved a vorfy bot affair indeed. Last Sunday, admis- sion being free, the crowd round the intings was so dense that the entrances were clo: several times while visitors fonsnt egress from the opposite side of the editice. It is almost impossible to give a fair account of the works under these pressing cir- cumstancés, but until criticism can have fair play I Gan freely inform your readers that this is the best exhibition we have had for the last four years. There are all 4,215 different subjects exhibited, which can bé divided as follows:—Patutings, 2,68 drawings, 802; sculpture, 497; engraving on med lions, 26; architecture, 64; engravings, 191; litho- graphy, 45. The honors were done to two immense ‘russians paintings, one representing the corona- tion of the King of Prussia, the other the meeting of the two Prussian Princes after Kon! These have nothing to do with real fine art criticism. Large oficial paintings are not unlike huge joints which must be served up at the banquet table, but on which real epicureans do not feast. I fear I have no penchant for big pieces of resistance, and much prefer enoug! of “& good thing to too much of a great one. These principles led me to admire enthusiastically Ge- Tome's “Death of Ney,” a wonderful picture, for such | love to call in old fashioned style the figure of life handed down by the brash of a painter. Itis early worn, aud the famptons cast @ ghastly shim- mer on the (ae hero lying dead on the ground, ‘with his coat blerced by fresh bullet marks beside an old wall. It is simple, grand and heart-harrow- Gustave Doré’s “Neophyte” comes next. A ye m bite er et among number of hodding, , Old monks, luiled fo half dreamy slumber by the monotonous tones of oné of them reading & net The awakening of the neophyte’s soul to discovery they are tepid, buried alive, that he feels, and May become thus stultified, 1s al @ revelation in his soul that con- i looker on. M. Marchal, I think, has bowever, events will prove. He has pi @ Penelope and a Phryné. The former pure, serene , holds a piece of wool- ne ‘Shots mati womnan Whose virtue should never be suspected. The painting breathes Torth all the antique virtues which the antiques did t suMcientl; 18e. eae tr the beauty we meet not at the Mabille; she is too much above It, but in the courtly hothouses of sovereigns, where she wears her luxuriant locks flowing or artistically unkempt, where her marbie shoulderé are bare and her bosom Is but half concealed, Phryné ts not the lowest of women; she 1s reg Diushing, voluptuous and a pampered favor reverse of Penelope. Phryné is the woman i We ali have seen at the opera at some time or other of our lives and on whom all glasses are to find out who she can be. Ultramontane Opiuion of Mr. Disraell’s Church Policy. (Rome (April 25) correspondence of Lonfon Post.) Lobserve from the letters of several of your cor- respondents that the intricacies of Parliamentary tactics on the Irish Church question are not better understood in other Continental countries than in Rome, where, from a total want of any such knowl- edge, the ecclesiastical journais veer round tn their criticisms of the speeches of conilicting orators to the most opposite extreme, | The Osservatore Romano, which so recently lauded Mr. Disraeli as the ‘hero of the syllabus,” now heads a translation of the Premier's lettter to the rector of Addington with the following paragraph:—A letter of the Disraelt, head of the British government, to the Rev. Paker, accumulates so many contradictions and absw 4, that it is surprising how so many of them can have been said in 30 few fines. In an article on the same subject, in its preceding number, the same journal says:—Signor Disraeli dis plays in his fury a faisely-tempered patriotism. * * * But let him rage as much as he likes, the real English Po yi not be slow in manifesting itself. Catholicism Is the most ancient constitution of Great Britat! nd the most national; all the Eng- lish customs are derived from tt, and preserve its spirit although they have rejected its principle. ITALY. Tho Mont Cenis Raliroad—Trial Trip and Run of the “Inauguration” Train. {From the Journal de la Savoie, May 4.) The International Commission for the Mont Cenis Railway assembled on Tuesday at St. Michel. The inauguration train, composed of a locomotive, ten- def and three first class carriages, left that station at half-past two o'clock in the afternoon. At four it arrived at the Fourmeaux, where the whole party alighted to inspect the tunnel. The members of the Commission passed the night at Modane, and on the following morning the train started at half-past seven and reache ae at half-past ten, hav- ing made frequent stop! for the inspection of the principal works After a breakfast at that place, the ascent of Mont Cenis commenced at half-past twelve P. M., and at fifteen minutes past five the party arrived at a, at the foot of the Ital slope of the Alps, the ascent and descent having been equally successful, In a few weeks steam will carry passengers several Umes daily over the Alps. We say in a few weeks, for although this first trip was all that could be desired the Minister of Public Works has directed that during the next month goods trains only shall run, in order that @ longer experience may afford rantee for the safety of passengers. It is scarcely necessary to remark that the time occupied tn the journey of the inauguration train Was prolonged by the various stoppages made 10 Visit the works, it ‘This is the summary of a very unpleasant visit to the Palais of the Frenehy Acadet y of Painting, in which 1 Was considerably porwraelé, and from the precincts of which I returned home particolored blue aud ba with a shade of yellow over my Vision, 18 date being the oth of May and the Empress Bugénie's birthday, 1 am reminded that lady readers ha) to know her exact age. She was born in 18: @ have several other anniversaries in this month. The King of Spain was born on the 13th of this month in 1522; the Pope on the Lath, 1792} aries XV., King of Sweden, on the Sd, 1636, and Mathilde on the 27th, 1820, Another telltaie before I close. It may be remem: that in one of my recent correspondences I allt to adinner party given to a few select friends b; de Sainte Lg on Good Friday, when he and his reethinkers, ate of the fat of the when even Was prohibited. female, Anastasie again (the censure) heard that @ caricature was to ap- a paper called the Kelipse, in which Bouve, he Acadeinician, and Prince No apoleon, a ete poriraged fg isbe eaters, the paper was justave Doréon, @ yelocipede, was suv. uibed instead, Tulminating, torrents ef ‘ire und on his enemies, tearing up iJ pace and feel rather uncanny. was for- Tunate enon mito ta free-eater before Anastasie caved in the whole lot. ‘The Marquis de Canx has married Adelina Patti at last, without the consent of Mr. Strakosch being ven to the diva’s anion. I cannot yet vouch for the rete w that Adelina Patti on leaving Paris ‘was follo’ By the Marquis with exvress pormis- GERMANY. The Custom’ Parliament—Ite Constitution, Organization and Vote. The Customs’ Parliament of Germany, now in ses- sion and the proceedings of which have been already noticed in our cable despatches, consists of three hundred and eighty-two deputies, of whom two hun- dred and ninety-six are members of the Legislative Assembly of the Northern Confederation, while eighty-six represent the populations of the Southern States. ‘The electoral law applied in this circumstance is based on the principle of direct universal suffrage. Council, and convokes the Parliament ns the feet cy Bata mnt, pe ulsition Of one-third of the federa juired or on & req! of the federa! Council. TURKEY. Wintry Weather and Dificalties—Consul Times—Financial Calvert’s Case—Amer- fean Tariff Legislation—The Provincial Agitation, CONSTANTINOPLE, April 1, 1858. Winter still lingers with us, and we have snow Squalls daily; coming, as they do, eight or ten times im every twenty-four hours, they serve to keep up & regular supply of slush and mgd in our streets, most of which are at best execrable thoroughfares, and if anything were wanting to render them the most de- testable pavements ever trodden by the foot of man it is precisely the weather that has prevailed here for some weeks past. What with the bad weather and the prolonged absence of the Grand Vizier, who 13 to remain a few days longer in Crete to put the last finishing touches to his work of reorganization, the stagnation of affairs at the Porte continues, much to the prejudice of the numerous important State ques- tions which have accumulated during his absence, and which cannot be acted upon unti! his return, About two years since the Porte concluded an ar- Tangement with Messrs. Lang, Wolf & Merton for ‘the conversion of certain bonds iasued and payable at Constantinople, a large portion of which were in the shape of six per cent coupon bonds, payable seml-annually, with two per cent sinking fund, which latter was divided by lot among the holders of the bonds. In this transaction a sum was also ap- propriated to cover certain floating debts and obli- gations of the different departments. All the shares were consolidated into a five per cent fund, interest (without sinking fund) payable at London, Paris, Frankfort, &c., a8 well as at the Imperial Ottoman Bank here, thus changing the character of the debt from an internal to a foreign loan. The bankers en- gaged in this operation made a capital thing of tt, ‘as you may suppose from the fact that the amount to the credit side of the transaction over and above the whole amount of the government obligations can- celled exceeded £1,000,000 sterling. Some time since the bankers e1 {n the operation called ‘upon Merton, who igre the affair here, to account for a deficit in the secret service money of 660,000 franca. Mr. Merton declined ping 80 on the plea that the money was used in distribution of back- shish, or presents, to certain parties here, in order to secure their influence in favor of the successfal completion of the egesiat, A suit was accord- ingly brought sgainet. an in Paris to compel him to render an account of the amount in question. ‘The trial of this case was brought to a close a few days since, the French court having decided that the affair is of an illegal and scandalous nature, based upona confidential arrangement between the parties con- cerned, and consequently not a ease which could roperly come under the cognizance of a court of justice, and the suit dismissed each party to pay its own costs, The affair, however, now threatens to aggume anew phase, as the Porte has decided to bring an bony against Merton in England to compel him either to disgorge the missing funds or divulge the names of the partiés who we received the backshish. ‘The case of ex-Oonsul Calvert, of the Dardanelles, whose arrest I mentioned in a former letter, has just been decided tn the British Consular Court. He was found gullty by a jury of five and sentenced to two years! risonmeyt with hard labor. In announc- ing the latter part of the sentence the ot) voice tell so that it wag scarcely heard and the following evening it a wertalned that the sénteuce as re- corded is simply two years’ imprisonment, “hard labor” omitted, This is one of the most novel and extraordinafy case§ Of Conspiracy to defraud the un- derwriters ever attempted ip any coun, inasmuch as neither vessel yor cargo fipon which the insurance was ordered ever exis In short, in January, 1861, Mr. Oaivert, then British Congul and Lloyd's agent at the Dardanelles, ordered his correspondent in London to pa ey insurance on a cargo of oll val- ued at £12,000, to be ah! from the Gulf of Adramyti on poard the k brig Possidhom by a Turk named in Ager. Ho further ordered an advance of £1,500 to be obtained on bills of lading, which was done, £225 of which money was paid on account of preini- ums. In April Mr. Calvert reported the sai of the vessel, to touch at Falmouth for orders, Four months after, the brig not having been heard of in the meantime, Mr. Calyert Teported to Lioyd’s agent here that shortly after the galling of the Posstdhom a ves- sel had been seen on fire in the Archipelago, and this might account for her non-appearance. ‘The suspi- cions of the healt og pave been awakened, they sent an agent to the Dardanelles to investi the affair, who at once satisfied himself that no Pos- sidiom ever existed. About-this time Calvert wrote to London, saytmg he feared he had been the dupe of Hassan Aga, the pretended shipper of the cargo of oll, and expre: his belief that the cargo in ques- tion had néver been shipped. He also asked and obtained leave of Ln ge en! the Arapeseecice here to go to London; but upon the above facts bein: OWN, his j ve wap revo ed, and he was ordere Oo remaln at lis post, notwithstanding which he left the Dardanolles for parts unknown, and only re- turned in November last, after an absence of more than five years. As soon as the authorities here were informed that he had appeared openly tn public at his former place of residence he was arrested and imprisoned here, but subsequently released on bail of £4,000 until his trial commenced. 1 omitted to mention that the defence could neither produce Hassan Aga or any correspondence between him and Mr. Caivert. The return of Calvert to his old residence is accounted for by the fact that two per- sons who could have given important evidence against him had died since he absconded, "rhe law recently enacted by Congress providing that in future no drawback shall be allowed on the exportation of alcoholic spirits from the United States has taken every one by surprise, and shows a olicy on the part of your law makers that 1s per- fectly unaccountable, as it virtually prohibits the ex- ortation of sue merchandise and suddenly annihi- lates an linportant trade, thus depriving the country of aresource from which it has heretofore drawn miliions of dollars aunually. Any amount of rum and alcohol required by France, Turkey, Africa and other countries can be supplied by the’ distilleries of New England, New York and the West. There being no distilleries on a large scale in Turkey this coun- try has imported from the United States a large pro- portion of the spirits that have been consumed here during the last fifty years, and the trade, which was constantly increasing, afiorded employment to our shipping; in fact no vessel now arrives from Boston or New York at this port or Smyrna unless partly or wholly loaded with rum. Should this unwise law not be speedily repealed this rich market will be ab- sorbed by competitors from other countries, Already the Germans, stimulated by luigh prices, are taking measures to supply the Turkish market. Russia, whose supply of grain is almost unlimited, has already sent some parcels of good and cheap spirits, and now that the new railway from Odessa is fast progressing through the grain districts it is probable the Russian distilleries will avail themselves of the opportunity to secure a large and profitable trade. An agent is now here trying to negotiate a sale of fifven thousand American breech-loading rifles to the government. Servia still continues tls warlike preparations and has recentiy sent an agent to Montenegro to see if they can tind sympathizers there to join their cause. We hear no more of the threatened Bulgarian tava- sion. “JEFFERSON BRICK.” English Opinion of Dickens’ Bohemianism ia New York. (From the London Spectator, May 9.) The American journalista gave Mr. Dickens a fare- well dinner on April 18, and Mr, Dickens, who ts sald to have made £40,000 by his hundred readings in the States, delivered an eloquent although somewhat turgid speech. He plodged himself to bind ap with every copy of the “American Notes’ and “Martin Chuzzlewit" which he may hereafter sell his tosti- mony that he has been received in America ‘with unsurpassable politeness, delicacy, sweet temper, merry, consideration and respect for pri- vacy.”” He averred that in England to an American was to be receiv with the readiest respect anywhere-—surely more pleasant than true—ho) for © permanent alilance, and de- clared “that tt would be better for this globe to be riven by an earthquake, fired by a comet, overrun b. an iceberg, and abandoned to the Arctic fox an bear, than that it should present the spectacle of these two great nations, each of which has, in its own Way and hour, striven so hard and 80 * 1« fully for freedom, ever again being ae inst the other.” After that one evens why Mr. Dickens painted Elijah Pogram sv well. He appreciated him with the sympathy of a fellow orater, 1 has, at last, by much study, surpassed him. @ Pogram Detlance could have contained nothing ‘taller’ than that sentence, MISCELLANEOUS FOREIGN ITEMS. Two Bohemians—not newspaper ones—savans, have undertaken a journey of exploration in the Cau- casus, with a view to select suitable locations for es- tablishing colonies for a large number of the inhabi- tants of Bohemia, who intend to emigrate. The Russian smal! arm factories are actively em- ployed in turning out great quantities of arms, and applying the needle to old systems. One hundred and fifty emigrants embarked on In addition to that body is a federal counotl to which each of the associated governmenta delegate one or more m ‘and which is composed of divided as jows:—Prussia, seventeer six; Sax and Wirtemberg, four; en Hesse-Darmatadt, each tree; Mecklenbui chwering and Brunswick each t' and the remaining seven- teen distributed am je other smaller States. The two duchies of Meo! burg and the three Hanseatic towns, although not forming part of the Zolivercin, have nevertheless @ seat @ vote in the Counctl aa members of the Northern Confederation. An abso- lute majority in each of the two Assemblies is sum. cient for a bill to become law, ‘The King of Prussia ia @& Offoto Preaidamt of the board of the screw steamer St. Laurent, lying at the Victoria docks, London, bound for Quebec, on the 16th of last month. This isthe first lot sont under the auspices of society formed in the east end of London for the purpose of alleviating the sions am ing Classes Caused by the jon of in that locality, but the movement by some antiquated municipal rule. Queen of Spain has conferred the order of the ae Fleece ‘ante Grand Crosses of the orders of ena rts tan the Count of Gi the futare husband of nfanta. A Frepoh naper o tue following calowa- * terest in any Invention. tion, by which a voyage can Yor, ten dayat by rail trom New cisco, seven oe from San Francisco K ‘okohama, Japan, in tw‘ 5 trout Hong ong ta anes ehiciy ewe aoe to Paris, eix days; total, seventy-five days. number of Italian chil chiefly musicians, thrown tnto the large citles of Europe, b) has become so apparent that Italian of Beneficence has decided to repre- pkg to the French and Italian govern- nan of the new | order of the itd Vin’ —-MAMichelint Oaoll, Orlapt and Beraegio. In Hull, recently, @ servant walked oul of her belroota windgte while in erlt of sou nembulism, and w as not injured. The French Budget includes an extraordinary de- cree of two millions of franca for improvements of pomp ee of Cotte, the same to be proceeded with A company formed in France for the destruction of May poe does a good business. One man ens ea Se kilos, for which he received a premium A sensation pamphlet is announced to appear shortly in Paris under the title of “Theodorus and Juarez.” The author intends to pompers the French {resin in Mexico with that of the English in Abys- Two banners were recently publicly blessed by the Po ne presented by American Catholics in 1967, and the other lately red by the Spanish. juperior wine for the approac: Schutzenfest to be tel id in Vienna. i . One thousand four hundred and eighty vessels were entered Inwards in Hamburg during the first four months of this year, of which 583 were steam and 295 laden with In the same period 1,346 vessels cleared outwi A Danish dragoon, who saved the life of an Aus- trian staf ofiicer, Count Zriny, in the campaign of ro} ee astonished rete ies ie back fr Sas) ving @ magnificent meerschaum pipe in exchan, for that oifloer's sword, = Julia Ebergenye von Telekes, the murderess of the Countess Chorinsky, in Munich, has beep sentenced by the criminal court of Vienna to be imprisoned for twenty years, with one week of solitary Confinement at the end of each year, and to forfeit all rights of nobility and title, A Danish lady was lately arrested in Florenve, and on belng searched numerous documents of a sedi- tious character were found secreted in her dress, with personal letters from Mazzini. Her object ap- pears to have been to organize a general revolution on the Continent,and the month of August was fixed for the demonstrations. She was about to leave for Caprera, doubtless with a view of gaining Garibaldi’s support. ‘The ladies of Barcelona, Spain, have sent a banner to Rome for presentation to the by troops. It is made of crimson velvet embroidered with gold,silver and silk. The tiara surmounting the escutcheon of the Holy Father is ornamented with emeralds, rubies and opals. An Austrian, condemned to six years hard labor, has made a curious timepiece, mostly from refuse of his rations of rye bi . The clock indicates the hours, minutea, seconds, the days and months of the year. The hands are of wood and the figures and dialplate ofstraw; the rest, even to the key, 18 made from the crums of bread. The only instrument em- ployed by the convict was a small pocket knife. The Sicilian police have captured one of the most ferocious brigands ever yet known. His nature is so bloodthirsty that his own companions were afraid of him, and he has frequently been known to bite off the ears of his victims and eat them. His appear- ance 1s frightful and he bears a stronger resemblance to a gorilla than a human being. . A curious lawsuit is to be commenced in England relative to the immense inheritance of the princes Donlevi of Ulidia, The possessions of this family were contided, in 1789, by the Countess O'Donnell to the crown of land, to be remitted to the heirs of her first husband, O’Donlevi, who died in exile after the fall of the Stuarts. ‘After remaining for more than a century without a claimant, one of the heirs now presents himself provided with papers in due form. The inheritance amounts at present to about one hundred millions of francs. The property is situ- ated in the counties Down and Antrim, in Ireland. The claimant is a refugee, Pole. The oy of Tours, France, has received a bequest of one million of francs under the will of Mr. James Cane, an Englishman by descent. Half goes to the office of beneficence and half to the general hospitals. A return hag just been published by the Post OMice of Great Britain showing the gross revenue, cost of management and net revenue for each year from 1838 to 1867, inclusive, as follows:—Since 1841 there has been a gradual increase tn the gross revenue, nol lass Yi ar, When the sum realized Was £4,548, 129; but there has also been a corresponding increase in the cost of management, which last year amounted to £2,421,004; and the net revenue during the last two years has shown a decline, being £2,127,125 in 1867, £2,134,867 in 1866 and £2,194,854 in 1385, The city of Moscow, Russia, at present occupies 64!¢ square versts, contains 364,148 inhabitants. Of these there are 347,348 orthodox Greek church com- municants, 882 dissenters, 8,838 heretics and 7,080 of varlous sects. It has 826 Greek churches and 31 chapels and churches consecrated to other religions. The revenue of the city amounts to 2,139,699 rubles. OMetal returns of the French railways show the following increase for the first quarter of the present year:—Increase of earnings, total, £455,074, aud in- crease of mileage 535 miles, "TELEGRAPH PATENTS. To THe EpiTor OF THE HERALD:— No little interest has been excited tn telegraph and | other scientific circles from the published claim of the late Prof. Page, of Washington, to the merit ofthe discovery of the powers of the electro-mag- netic induction coil, commonly known as the “ Ruhmkorf coil,” and for whitch M. Ruhmkorf was awarded a prize of fifty thousand franca by the French government. Prof. Page’s claim was pre- sented to Congress in the form of a petition for the recognition of his claims, asking special legislation, he, from his position of Examiner in the Patent OMice, being debarred frq@m taking out a patent upon any discovery of his own or even acquiring an tn- Prof, Page claimed to have fully demonstrated and made publicly known, a nutnber of years prior to the alleged discovery by M. Rubmkorf, the wonderful a of this coll, and Congress made haste to repair the manifest injustice, by a full recognition of the claim. No one, lL appre- hend, ts disposed to find fault with this action; but tacked on to the **Ruhmkorf” claim, and which is made public now for the first time, appear three claims, the allowance of which by this special act of Congress, is not only unlawful, but outrageous. It brands Professors Morse, House and Haghes and others with bait and that of the meanest kind— filching the ideas of another and claiming origival- ity therefor, And the more eytraordinary does this appear from the fact that Professor Page, in his ca- acity of examiner, actually passed upon and al- jowed the claims of these men upon the very points for which he lately asked and obiained special legis- tion. The three claims tacked on to the “induction” claim and having no relevancy thereto are:—“The combination of an automatic or mechanical circult breaker with a primary coil,’’ and “the employment of one electro-magnetic instrument, using either one battery for both or separate batteries for each,” and “the employment of separate and independent bat- teries to operate an electro-magnetic circuit breaker and the circuit which ts broken by it.” All substan- tially as set forth. Did Congress know that the automatic or mechan- ical breaker as exemplified tn its best form 4 Royal E. House, and my second quotation from the spe- commonly known as the ‘Local for which letters patent were to Samuel F. B. Morse, are both public ropery by limitation of law, and that a vest- ed right of the people cannot be taken from them by any actof Con; Special or otherwise; and that the invention of Hicks, in his beautiful and efficient “repeater” as substantially set forth in my last quo- tation, will shortly become public property and can- not lawfully be given to or renewed to any but the arty to whom the original patent was granted or to the legal heirs, This act unites in Professor Page every point of value known in electro-magnetic ma- chines and is a direct mor' upon inventive genius for seve mn years to come. The only wonder is that the claim stopped where they did and did not include the clectro-magnet itself. Let us see how this act affects patents already granted and in use, patented by the law which this ict virtually repeals. Mr. Hicks’ patent for a ‘“re- peater’’ has still some years to run. The act makes it unlawful after April 15th last to manufacture his machine for use without first obtaining the permis- sion of Professor Page or his rie ative, which permission may be entirely withheld, or if granted means money in shape of royaity or otherwise. How can Congress lawfully take away his property and give it to another? gt what right has Congress to pass an exceptional act, taking public property, giving permission for a term of years? You, Mr. Editor, or I, may conceive an idea of it practical benefit—may work it—but, no matter jowever original in combination, we coulda ar. tected only in an “Improvement” which it would be entirely optional with the beneficiary of this act to allow to be introduced. Of course this is based upon the assumptfon that an ‘automatic or mechanical circuit breaker,’ or the “local ctrouit,” will enter into the combination; and, from our present know » either one or the other will necessarily be for in every invention in electro-magnetic mechanics. Professor Page has undoudtedly deserved well of fils splendid scientific abil de- served poo ets and reward even if porAhumous; re’ should not bar the right oz future in- ld sach @ check and drag be put ventive pean. it his heirs contro} the future of American . BRAZIL. Passion Week Performances=#orsuguese BeasteArchiving Documente—Newarding by Ordor—Brazilian Farming and ele~ graphy—A Fish Story—Mining—Political Trespassiug=Humaita Still Resisting Steamers Sunk—Troops Wanted—Irishmen in Brazil—The San Christovan Tramroad Omnibus Line. Rro JanerRo, April 25, 1868. With the cessdtion of the equinoctial gales came a period of deluging showers, which seemed to aim at setting the city afoat. Now in their turn they have been superseded bya spell of delicious, cool morn- ings and evenings, with warmish days, and whose smoky, dusky aky 60 much resembles the Indian summer of the States that I cannot avold ascribing it to a like cause, inasmuch as Aprii here is the same period of autumn whose functions are performed in the northern hemisphere by October. We used to sacribe the hazy atmosphere of the Indian summer to the burning of the great prairies west of the Mis- sissippi; but I do not see how this explanation would suit Southern Brazil, where the prairies are still fresh and verdant. More probably the hazy atmosphere of the Indian summer, and this phenomenon itself, is the result of some periodical meteoric occurrence, whose true nature will some day be discovered. Passion Week here, like in all strictly Catholic countries, was a week of ceremonies and proces- sions, which have lost nothing of their demonstra- tive character by their translation to Brazil and their ¢mployment to operate through the sight upon the obtuse perceptions of the red and black stocks of the population of Brazil. On Thursday commenced the more elaborate ceremonies of the Holy Week. On that day the Emperor and Empress each washed the feet of twelve poor persons, in commemoration of our Saviour’s act towards his disciples upon the first initiation of the Feast of the Sacrament. At its ingtallation the action was significant and sublime; as performed here, 1,800 years after, the contrast is suggestive and by no means edifying. The ceremony 1s looked upon as an important one, and all the functionaries of state, active and honorary, with thelr wives, are expected to be present. As cus- tomary with Brazilian ladies in devotional ex- ercises they are dressed plainly in black silk (a cos- tume, by the way, not becoming to their'yellow tinged complexions); but the gentlemen, in their oficial or honorary uniforms and with their crosses of the imperial Orders, look, when gazed on from above, a mass of glittering gold embroidery and sparkling gems, In a row are seated the twelve poor old men selected for the occasion to represent the Twelve Apostles, their bare feet scrubbed and scoured pre- viously to the tenth power of cleanliness, The Em- peror moves towards them, attended by a cloud of priests; one bearing the water ewer, another the basin, another the towel. ‘fhe ewer carrier, stand- ing on one side of the outstretched feet, pours a little water on them, which is caught by the basin holder on the other side, while the Emperor, half kneeling, touches the moistened feet with a finger, gives a silver patacoon ($1) to the impoverished apostle and proceeds to the next, the priest officiating with the towel giving a hasty and careless rub with it to finish off the operation, The twelve finished, they are bundled off with short courtesy to invest their dollar in snuff or other luxuries of the poor. While this ts being done by the Empcror a similar scene is enacted in another part of the chapel, wherein the Empress figures as first performer, At night time it is considered in- cumbent on all of the feminine sex to amuse them- selves by visiting the churches, which are all fes- tooned with Feeotiton 3 drapery. This custom af- fords a good opportunity to the gentlemen to see the Brazilian iadies; but Cristmas is still better, for, dressed then in their finest toilets, with their jew- els ornamenting their hair, necks and bosoms, their large black eyes sparkling and the sallow tint of day lost in the blanching gaslight, the new comer who, judging of them by the show upon the streets and al the windows, has been tolerably incredulous about Brazilian beauty, begins as he gazes on their well filled forms, their abundant black hair, their well de- fined eyebrows and their regular features, to under- stand how older stagers can speak of the great amount of beauty to be found among the Brazilian better classes, when a few rcs ws removed from the Portuguese and (but this I must widsper in your ears) from the African progenitrix, who is usually to be found somewhere engrafted on the root of the genealogical tree. On Good Friday a great ceremony is the Procession of the Burial, in which all the priests, monks and devotees attend in solemn form upon the all-coyered litter which is snposee. to contain the ody of Jesus on its way to the sepuichre. in most of the cities and towns a number of negroes, dressed to represent the rejoicing Jews, dance and sing be- fore the litter, entirely destroying any feeling of reverence which the anniversary would excite; but I am glad to say that some of the newspapers are beginning to castigate the practice, and chemin a few years more will put an end to a custom which is at once indecent and Insulting. While going along the street ‘on the afternoon of Good Friday a stranger is apt to be astonished at the multitude of scarecrows or Guy Fauxs he sees siand- ing up in the courts and ges These are Ju- dases, generally labelled with the names of obnox- ious individuals, and on Saturday, at eleven A. M., when the mot poe the hallelujah is chanted and the bells are chimed merrily, from all quarters burst out crowds of boys, black, yellow and white, dragging their Judas through the street and soundly belaboring him with long sticks, after which they set fire to him and dance and shout around until he ts consumed. These customs have been handed down for erp less worked quently ovel in fact = of fo wretch of @ mother, a mi e ‘he ing thromgh Sueaenee a pendency piece ‘con- structing northwards from Rio, and if the province of Bahia move as its people onghs, a or two might connect buco ‘Batla w with Rio, consequently with the capital of the province of Rio Grande do , Pi soon after with the River Plate, past. exper in Brazilian telegraphy warns us not to e: much from Sn ected ory a ar aes ae He ugh, and ‘the short lines about this are usually useless two weeks out of eee ee cidedly the Brazilian forte is not constru 4 of their constructions, When @ le at great cest the custom pertaper some day the work nay be Ted ‘aps, some e work may one, ry Pernt reeniig 0 Southern telegraph, the ial ot making a mile of ine—namely, cutting @ road ten feet ten inches wide. labor and carriage of materials, but exclusive of the cost of wires, insulators, &0.— was about $102, the posts being placed one hundred and nine yards apart. The province of Bahia, with a population of over @ million inhabitants, has sent 12,200 men to Para guay, and is rather pragaiog over it. ‘Near Rio Grande do Sul an old lady has died at the * age of one hundred and fifteen years, leaving seven- Senin living descendants besides fifty-one who died, son of hers isin New York, A good many cases of great old age and as great prolificness occur in A fisherman got drowned in the “far west!” inan unusual manner. One night he fastened lne—a strong one—to his leg and threw the baited hook into the river, while he then lay down and went to sleep. A large fish took the bait, dragged him into the river and drowned him. Next morning his body was recovered, the fish still fast, and the fesh of the man’s leg cut to the bone by the line, sho’ rss strength of the fish and the dreadful struggles e man. Two diamonds were picked up near Nazareth, in thé province of Bahia, this month, and it was thought more would be found, It is indubitable tbat there still exists in Brazil, notwithstanding the vast amount of gold and diamonds extracied in former times, a great fleld for mining and placer washing; but the mining laws discourge poor explorers, an many of the land owners conceal the existence of washings and mines least the government should grant a concession of them and they get dis; of their lands. There is still some washing done in Minas Geraes and the other great gold producing provinces, and down in Rio Grande do Sul there are lacers Where the land owners find it profitable to cep their slaves at washing for gold. In the same province an expedition is now searching for a very rich silver mine which the Jesuits are said to have worked for the purpose of obtaining ornaments for their Rio Grande mission churches, and of which muning locality a rough map was lately found in the archives of the adjoining province. ‘The opening of the imperial Legislature is fixed for the 3d of May next, and some of the Deputies and Senators have begun to drop in. It is probable, how- ever, that two weeks will be lost before founse house in either chamber, as the parties will want to organize themselves before thoy open their cam- pal ign. The session is expected to a stormy one, or there are many points of which the opposition can make Foc bbeel such as the conduct of the war, the flnances of the country, government interference in elections, abuses in drafting, the troubles in Alagoas, &c. It is generally believed, also, that the many centuries and might be disregarded as puerile amusements solely, and as such unheeded by older folks; but unfortunately they contribute to maintain that prejudice and hatred of the Jews which was the bane of Portugal, imported thence into Brazil; and even at the present day in Rio, a Jew, known to be such, ts in some parts of the city ‘shouted at and abused by the boys, sometimes even pelted with stones, an amusement which the lower class of Portugal, who swarm in Rio, themselves scarcely more intelligent or 4 brutalized tuan the negroes, are too ready to join in. ; And while on the topic of the Portuguése I may say that, although hardworking and saving, the Portu- ruese portion of the population have earned the horough detestation of the other foreigners, and more ee ee of tae foreign ladies. Previous to the influx ot foreigners within the last ten years, Bra- zilian ladies were never to be seen upon the streets at any hour, unless attended by their husbands or arents, iu fact only while going to mass, or some- imes fora short time in the ovol of the afternoon were they to be seen atall, But the foreign ladies soon broke Re the Brazilian rule and walked and visited shops freely without es- cort, and have, in Rio, been in part successful in ry, more liberty Loti ee er Brazilian ladies, go ina few years the polite Braailian gentlemen of Rio learned to respect the ae lence of the foreign fair sex, and now take it as @ matter of course, ray taking off their hats when they meet a lady strolling alone. It is otherwise, how- ever, with the Portuguese here, They seem never to learn, and an unattended femaie, no matter how respectable, is not safe from insulting words and demonstrations from them, they even waiting for her to have an opportunity of displaying their bestial ill breeding, so that ‘Portuguese beast’ is a com- mon term applied to them, A little affair has occurred which testifies to the lating propensities of Brazilian officials. A gen- leman bougit some trifle ina grocery and received tt repped up in a piece of manuscript. On looking over it he found {t to be a government document, on which was the endorsement and signature of the chief of the department, ordering it to be filed among the archives, but it had with others been sold by some officials as waste paper. The finder did not trouble himself with making @ row about tt, for it was only & unit among @ multitude of peculations, and every one thinks that it would take more than Hercules to clean the Augean stabie of the Brazilian public service. A centrifugal bullet thrower has been brought here from Belgium, stated to throw 200 to 300 bails a min- ute. It was purchased there for the Brazilian gov. ernment, which has the idea of trying it in Para- uay. ‘There has been a great issue of rewards tothe gen- erals and officers down in Paraguay, and the crews of the six Iron-clads which got above Humaita are to get tree months’ , 1 think, looking to the use made of the imperial Orders here, it would not be a bad ‘idea for Congress to establish something of the kind to reward merit at little cost. For example, the orders of the Cornstalk, the Flour Barrel and the Gammon would do for farmers and produce men; that of the Burst Boller for steamboat ot 8 thi had never won a race; for gold brokers and Wail street in genera military men the order of Matrimony, conferred by the pretest gilr of the place, would be the highest encou- ragement to gallantry. ‘The Brazilian Emperor avails himself largely of his Orders as a cheap reward to merit, and has just conferred some 270 decorations or promotions in the Orders. The recipient sticks & piece of a ribbon or a cross upon the breast of his coat, for which he bas @ billto pay in the shape of a stamp tax; he stiffens up his neck and the treasury authority granted by the Legislature to issue paper money has been largely exceeded, and the interpelia- tions on this point will be hard to meet, However, Senhor Zacharias, the chief of the Cabinet and Minis- ter of Finance, isan able man, of long Urtpgy hed experience, an accomplished and brilliant speaker and debater, an adept in the mode of managing new men and a master in the useful art of cooking and confusing financial statements 50 a8 to Puzzle opponents and throw a blinding polish over monetary difficulties. The Senate, 1s hostiie to the present government, it is only in the Chamber of Deputies that the Ministry will have the majority. There it will have a large majority, which will support it thro thick and thin, whatever damaging attacks may be made by the conservatives on the one side—who hold @ Majority in the Senate, aud who swear by Caxias— and the radicals on the other, who, while adverse to that Brazilian general, atlack the government fiercely on the pleas of “Giesarismn’ and. centraliza- tion of power, destructive of the spirit of the conati- tution and the municipal institutions of local self government. It cannot be denied that the radicals of Brazil—which igen inciudes many He poo yr have good grounds for thelr denunciation of centralizing policy pursued for many [ot hetapet td in power, and, tn point of ition of the Brazilian nation is discouraging at present to believers in the ultimate triumph of pure democracy over all the world. ‘Che Emperor is an 44 right and generous man, sincerely devoted, I firm! believe, to the cause of his subjects, and as warmly desirous of promoting their welfare, but he natur- ally considers the mode of doing so en. r, and is not disinclined to break the power of an aristocracy of land and slave, which forced his father to abdicate and greatly troubled with its pretentious and revolta the early days of his rule. He thus supports the measures and encroachments of the ministries in aid ofcentralization of executive and deliberative powers; the ministers flad this a conducive to their stability and to their ease and love of power, and they extend their assumptions farther and further upon the undefended rights of the drowsy nation, In this way the institutions of Brazilare diverging more and more from the principles of self-government and are Me apatite more and inore to those of France under Napoleon IJif., except, indeed, as the presa, still free to licentiousness. Thus central government appoints and removes at will all the gov- ernors of the provinces, the chiefs of police (officers of excessive powers), the clergy, the judges, &c., the officers of the national guard and police and a host of other minor provincial functionaries cieoey or indirectly, and even claims and exercises the t to annul elections and remove municipal officers chosen in the local elections of towns and municipalities (counties), Of course this vast amount of pati 5 ce aa by the excessive number of functionaries of the mischievous Brazilian system of mana; ment affords powerful elements for influencing elections, and such is pee, the case, even to the extent of open and barefaced and sometimes forcible interference by indiscreet or well assured ofliciais or aspiranta, While I acknowledge that I have great respect for the Emperor and generally for the advanced views of the . statesmen whom he chooses for his ministers, and while the longer I study this Brazilian people the more the opinion rains ground upon me that a monarchy is the only form of government which is capabie, in the present moral and political condition of the nation, of matn- taining ita unity, face as a slaveholding, territorial oligarchy, stil! in a great measure without the unit- ing influence of a large cominercial and capitalistic population, and almost entirely wanting tn what con- stitutes the power and boast of the United States—a eople knowing its rights and prompt to defend hem at any cost—oniy the traditionary reverence still felt for the name of Emperor, supported as it is by a general conviction of the worthiness of the man, has the Roe nag ow d wo prevent the breaking up of component parts jealous of each other and above all of the metropoils, and th rendering them, Ifke Mexico, the mere battle flelds oligarchical family struggles for the power in each. While, I say, I acknowledge this and sympathise with the breaking down of power and influence of an obstructive aristocracy, based on slavery and monopoly of land, it is impossible not to be at the rapid progress made towards rendering the Brazilian {cA the government of the bureau- cray, and towards destruction of the municipal instt- tutions, in the exercise of whose rights of self-gov- ernment exist the only hopes of accustoming such @ Ss to real liberty and self-government, and of raining them for the high destinies which a free and energetic ple might attain to in the wide scope and favorable circumstances presented by this rich and magnificent country. SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE, In a lecture recently held at Siena, Italy, some interesting remarks were made teuding to remedy the apparent absence of coal in that peninsula, The cost per ton delivered in Tuscany is sixty-four france per ton, and therefore presents a great obstacle to the development of large manufactories, Substitutes, however, exist, espesiaily lignite, bituminous wood and turf. The calorific power of ggrf 1s to that of coal as thirty-six to seventy-five; nga wi bs seers va ominous iatver exists in , and by being large quantities in oe ality " is converted = hato mac tory has n, eatab= manufacture of agglomer. sted coal, ae 3 Gast of that material 18 made into cakés, and which promises to be suMicieatly considerably tanproved. profitable. nit f = Laughing gas, or protoxide of nitrogen, Is no’ ilitate surgical operations of, largely enaployed to aiiy for the extraction of eect tally , je lately in the presence of seve! Srediont bate only one ‘did the pulse rise to ninety: fllls up its safe, and thus both ares erved, The Minister of Agriculture is doing a sensible thing in attempting to encourage the growth of the tree producing the Peruvian or Jesuits’ bark, from which quinine ts produced. The destruction of the tree in Peru and Bolivia is going on so rapidly as to menace its disappearance, as the climate of the bighlands of Brazil seems saitable for tts growth tt will be a pnbite benefit if successfully and widely in- troduced into cultivation here. As a specimen of the state of agrioultural progress in the province of Rio Janeiro, tha most advanced tn the empire, a resolution lately r, in the prin- cipal society of the city will st fice. ‘This resolution aie, the effect i noua most — ee Floughs, in the province of Rlo Janr~fo had boug! they had been foreed to throw them aside from want of persons to menage Laem, and It hy, and that, too. p’thor shadow of right ‘was proposed, therefore, to esvablish,@ ploughing school “f the ae to which plagyers ould mend, slavos for ua, The Brasilien slaves are their moss invelliget 0, duration of each operation did not ex wel recpunases, including recovery from ii bility, which occupies about half a minute. The patients, although unconscious of pain, wore not quite sa. of what was going on around them. aa tar and ammoniacal liquor, not many year ‘Wore the greatest nuisances of {the manufacture ol ). Te one Sitensive products are now transf intowa number of more or less valuable solids liqwids—ohiefly by distilling. Gas tar ylelds benzo! etherial body of great solvent Crs and che prinet component of benzine, w' ie spots, cleaning kid Sloves, ew. ith nitric acid produces nitro- ro sembling in odor the scent of bitter almonds ani jarigely used for mit Lg Naphit is a) : juced from the tar, witioh mixed win tury ‘bu > tar, WT ight acoeNs of ar, ning ' . various hues, but ally red, are made nagatheuna. ————