The New York Herald Newspaper, May 20, 1866, Page 4

4 EUROPE. | Our Paris, Madrid and Berlin Correspondence, Napoleon’s Declaration on the Germano- Italian War Difficulty. Bffects of the Statement of the French Minister and Value of Bonaparte’s Neutrality. A “Reconstructed” Rebel on’ American Affairs. THE EX-QUEEN OF SPAIN IN MADRID. Progress Towards a Change of the Spanish Government. Orders to the Queen’s Admiral in the Pacific. The Strength and Materiel of the Prussian Army. FORMIDABLE ARMAMENTS IN AUSTRIA, British Opinion of President Johnson’s Position. THE ENGLISH DIVORCE COURT. Report of the Paris Fashions. &e. &e, &e FRANCE. Our Paris Correspondence. Paws, May 6, 1868. M. Rouher's Speech to the Corps Legislatif—Irresponsi- bility of the French Government—M. Thiers’ Speech — The Interes's of Russia—Interview with Jac Thomp- ton—His Opinion on Secession, the Civil Rights Bill, dc.—He Wonttd Oppose the Re-establishment of Slavery—Summer Sights of Paris—Theresa and Her New Song with the Hand Organ Accompaniment—The Empress Forty Years Old, &. At length the government has spoken through the mouth of its Prime Miuister, and we know now just as Well and no better what the French government intends to do in case of a war as we did yesterday. M. Rouher's speech is indeed but an elaboration of the articles which have appeared during the past fortnight in the colamns of the Constitutionnel. It is indeed as unsatisfactory 48 it possibly could be, France, according to M. Rouher, is not to be blamed for a war. She did all she could to prevent the last one, which was but the natural precurser of the coming one. She is doing all she can to prevent this. Her inter- ests aro all in favor of peace. A war would interfere with her projects of internal improvement and the Grand Exhibition. Her principle 18 a “loyal neutral- ity,” which, however, is entirely null and void by her reserving to herself an “entire tiberty of action,”’ which, upon the imperial caprice, may any moment put an end to the principle and practice of “‘neutrality."’ She has told Italy that if she attacks Austria sbe must do so ‘‘at her own risk and peril; but M. Kouber neglecis to {state ‘that she has not told her what France will do if Austria attacks her, which of the two probabilities is much the more likely to occur. This is the substance of M. Rouher’s long looked for declaration of the govorn- mont policy. Its principal effect has thus far been to show the French people, in astronger light than ever. the fact that their fortunes, their prosperity, their natic honor and their lives depend upon the’ caprice of single person, who has at his command an army of hundred th There is no responsibility in this government, The Ministers are not respc to the L re elected by the people—only to the Emperor, a a responsible to nobody, His idea to-day ity; circumstances may chan may plunge Europe seems now threatene The veteran Thiers made a glowiny, glorious speech yesterday. He rebs Listory of the villany by which the Duchies en from Denmark, and ex hibited the danger in perm tting Prus« out her ambitious desivn slop and ce e Bour: this was me . ampateral fall of th able change in op 1p fact the belie that war is the only issue from the pi plications between Prussia, Austria a rench government r ‘entire Ii tion,"? will, you may enetite, if the war ahc and Italy, If the forny annexation of the I principal maritime poration of Venetia, ty He would have France tell her to i Euro nd to-day on but tal by th th of Austr: “balance of power’ disturded, and the most natural way which France can probably see tq ore it will be the addition to its terrr: tory of the pro inces along the Rhin Tt may be, however, that the car nee IY inte Russia's aiding Au It ts against R w Prussia to become a maritime pow of m: It is indeed san is already moving large bodies of troops Austrian frontier. France, with all hor “neutrality,” is undoubtedly lining the frontier of Italy with soldiers, i Thad a tong and ¥ vergation a few di Seeretafy of the In Thompson, with hy tour through Egypt awaiting the t rr jowards the interesting interview and con- since with Jacob Thompson, flor under Mr. Mr. only Mnited iseippi. Mr, nd fully open Ag tating the 0 Soonor st be admit rit was a’ed, and What the is peace, and ned fortunes’ and restoring n of the ¢ y to ite former pros. perity. ow and ¢ king men of the South,” T asked bin t pintons at all einee the close of t right of secersion, do you still theore that subject that » Met! n re the same opmion did nti! the close w oxiated, ly that hav defeated, n your at the 1 m nd having at present pow faith acknow the eonstit tionized, nd the government have been revo nd decision of the aword the right of secession hae i and no longer exist Are You convinced that the majority of thinking men the Sonth are of your Opinion, and accept the re Most ung replied Mr. Thompeon. “What * now want ity sour share t opt the faci of the abolition of onvinced that the slave system dw the wer War a weakness to Us rather than a Ey Mink ony considerable number of Souther bhe pee MEHL Of the slavo system?” kor but world ofpese i “What do you think of the Cri) Rights Dilly “That the President was perfeey ight in vetoing It Bnd thar the Supreme Court will uoqnestionadly deciar NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, MAY 20, 1866.—TRIPLE SHEET. it unconstitutional, One of my principal objections to it is the injury that it will necessarily inflict upon the negro, who will really be the greatest sufferer by it, Creating as it does a special tribunal for the investigation of eases to which he is a , it invests him with a certain degree of superiority over white men. It assumes: that in cases which will come up for adjudication the negro is right and hype. rd man is wrong. It will lead to continual trouble and annoyance, and the result will be that rather than place himself in the position that he wil! under the making of this law, the white man will avoid as far as .may be employing or making contracts with negroes, preferring to employ white men in all cases where it is practicable, as with them he 1s placed at heart on an equality before the tribunals,” “Do you not think,” [asked him, “that some special legislation is necessary in the new state of affairs which has resulted troti the abolition of slavery, to protect the negroes formerly slaves from oppression aud wrong ¥”" Cif it is,”? he replied, “it should be done by the local legislatures. 1t is absurd for men who have never lived in the South and know nothing of the actual relations between master and servant there to attempt to legislate for us. We have no disposition to oppress the negro, but on the contrary to render bim as fit as possible for his new condition. I beheve that the effect of the en- torcement of the Civil Rights bill in the Southern States will be to create confusion, disorder and ill feeling, and to be of infinitely more injury than service to the negro.’ The “summer resorts” of Parjs are now open and rapidly opening, The. “Mabille,” with its blooming pa-terres, i{s brilliant iuminations, its delicious music and its ‘fast’? women—the best representatives of the lorette race of Paris—opened wide its gates for the benefit of those who are fond of the sort of ‘Parisian life’’ {it exhibits on Saturday evening. The less aristocratic, “Closerie de Lilas,”’ the loved resort of the students of the Latin quarter, and the few remaining and rather fossilized representatives of the ‘grisette” race which suill haunt the left bank of the Seine, has also opened as a summer garden; and the “Chateau Rouge,” the “Reine Blanche,” and the other “cheap and nasty” walks of the ancient barriers, are now in full blast every evening. The Hippodrome and the ‘Cirque de I'Imperatrice,’’ in the Champs Elysees, are open, and tho “Alcazar Ete,” the scene of the great Theresa's triumphs and glories, is to reopen to-morrow. The director of this establishment has just renewed his engagement With this diva of the washtub, to whom he pays the snug little sum of one hundred aud forty-five thousand franes, or twenty-nine thousand dollars a year, in gold, for sing- ing two bawdy song eachs evening, to the delight of the ‘most refined nation of the world,” who sit delighted in the damp eveuing air and guzale bad beer, for which they pay a franca glass while hearing her. An extra touch is to be given to the “high art” of which Theresa is the happy and lucky exponent, in a new song entitled “Le Casque de Mengin,” which she & to introduce to the Parisian public to-morrow evening. In order to bring out to their fullest extent the beauties of the artist's voice, and the poetry of the composition, the refrain of the song is to be accompanied by a hand organ, which bus deeb manufactured at an expense of tive hundred francs, expressly to give additional effect to this “solemnity.” The Emprese Eugenie, whom we cannot avoid always thinking of as young and beautiful, 1s rapidly approach- ing that unceriain “certain age” which young and beau- tiful ladies so much dread, To morrow Will be her forti- birthday, she havipg been born on the 5th of May, 1826. The beautiful Eigémte inping to show her years, and Time, With his “al tig ‘tngees, is. wrifl wrinkles on that’smooth, fair face, She is growing stout, and her features are beginning to lose their fineness and delicacy of character, She and the Emperor go on Sun- day to an agricultucal fair at Auxerre, where the people are making great preparations to receive them. The Emperor Napoleon has announced that he will give “a work of art’ as a prize to be shot for in Paris during the season of 1837, by the international pigeon shooters of Europe. SPAIN. Uur Madrid Correspondcnee. Manip, May 1, 1808. Ex-Queen Christina in the Cily—Her Intriques in Favor of the Progresistas—Prospec's of a Change in the Govern ment—Affairs in the Pacific—New Orders Sent—Ev- President Fillmore, &c. I mentioned in one of my late communications that ex- Queen Christina, the mother of the present Queen, was expected to visit Spain the latter part of April. As an- ticipated, she has come, passing through the capital, and is now in the Palace at Aranjuez. She remained only afew hours in Madrid, long enough to visit her daughter and partake of a family dinner. As it was not in the programme for her to prolong her presence in the city too long a time, she went out to seek at Aranjuez those more healthy airs which were recommended her by political doctors. Her last view of Madrid before this was accompanied by too many painful and trying memories to make a repetition agreeable or entirely safe. No demonstration, however, was made on Friday last of an unpleasant character, A special tratn bore her and that suffice€ to mark the elevated position tl she once enjoyed. The mere fact of a mother visiting a royal daughter has in itself no signifi- cance. But the advent of a personage who has filled so great a space in a national history, or at least in ‘that portion embraced in the recollection of persons of the present generation, and who played a part so prominent as Queon Christiana, for bet- ter or worse, has some importance. It is not the pro- sence of a loving mother, who pays a fatuily visit, that stirs up the political elements until they boil, as they do now in Madrid; but it is the arrival of un intriguant—a strong, experienced, influential and bad woman, at whose very nod the weak and irresolute Queen trembles, va- ciliates, and mally succumbs, It is the new power be- hind the throne, whose influence is felt as quickly as a stroke Of lightning by Minister and Cortes, and more tardily, but not the less keenly, by the people. Although the Queen's mother—as she 18 called—was in the royal palace but a few hours she had her daughter's ear long enough to whisper suggestions that, escaping by secret channels the privacy of the chamber, have got abroad, and are tatked of in the clubs, and even in the streets. Those brief words uttered to the Queon by a person of known power and influenes, and on a subject of such eral inte: have not failed to make a decided sen- ation in the I api xrectly informed, the ex-Queen Christina rged upon her daughter, Queen Isabel, tho im- ousting at once the so-called unjon-iiberal with O#Donnell at its head, and placing at the J of government the progresista party, whi Dkely to come in at any moment, if not invited, by their owa strong arms. The O'Donnell party bad failed to faliil its promises. It had brought ruin upon tho finances of the country, and was daily engulfing in a deeper abyss the materials of a happy issue from the dangers surrounding the Ge ise content ‘prevailed, credit was and a revo tation nt. hange must be made, eu if not successful the experiment ought tried, and atonce, Such was tke tenor of her ad ho desires above all to rid herself o he would 4 child, although she is not quit ‘all into power a party which will not guarantee her dynasty, nor refrain from inwo gurating certain reforms that will eripple the polic power » Church. But, witha threatened revolution , out of Which she Knows not how rye, she is ix inclined to accept the adviee which her more shrewd and politic mother offers Already she has taken steps to carry out the new policy. She tas through her adherents made proposals 10 the progreaima party, and neg ms are now proceeding with a view to arrange some plan or poley whieh shall jnsure, as far as may be, ber dynasty, and the accession to power of the progresista party, with the pardon and recall of General Prim and bis followers. A secret meeting of the leading progresistas was held on Saturday last, at which the agent of the Queen was present, and before which he laid the prelim posals,” Without being able to give all the particulars of the meeting, [ am in 4 position to state that it concluded to accept, with some modifications, the proposals on the part of the Crown; and the preliminary arrangemonts wore so far advanced it s pretty certain that the O'Don- nell party will go out, and the progresistas be intrusted with the reins of power. This isthe present aspect of afiaira, but it would require ® second Eti to pre- a anything forty-eicht hours tn con. spanish political matters, and 1 sbail hot venture to assure you that the ¢ will live a day out, O'Donnel! bas a power over the Queen, and may be able to break up the arrange Without power he is nothing, aud he will not readily give up is hold of office, if he can prevent it,'even by the use of the army. He came into power by force, and he will not hesitate to use the same force to retain inat, the Queen herself if need be. ‘The result will w a fow weeks, if the new policy is adhered to by the Quoen Meanwhile the very suggestion of a change has given profound satisfaction to all Madrid, The peopte are pro- vance gresistas, if they are anything at all. Those who think ttle or none at all care pot a bit who long os they can eat their is in power, as puehero in toterable pence. piiet, They are im tho! te out; only place no additional duties on their ‘eas or garlic, if you would not have viva Div, viva la Virgin, viea la abundancia, muera prdela! howled through thy ond bear the crack of old blu chimneys. Ts not the edibies, and club and café people may rule the State without their going beyond a growl. The recent intelligence from the Pacific and Ati@tic coaste of South America i pot satisfactory to the Span- iarda, They are disappointed in the failure of the second expedition against the allied squadron at Chiloe, They ox the best results from the last effort, and are greatly chagrined to think that the allies have closed the gate mh their face. The government ts determined not to give itup by any means. They are determined upon the destruction of total blockade of the fleet, in order that they may pay exclusive attention to the Huescar and | ndenc ia, now well on their Liege » Yesterday orders were sent to Admiral Nudes to adopt ‘ory means in his power to close the channel through which the allied fleet must go to get to sea, and thua effoetually rid himself of one annoyance. He has orders to sink stich Yossols captured as he may bave in hand, and endeavor in every way to mi channel en: tirely useless, at least for the time being. Ti looked for daily of the bombardment of Vaiparaiso, People are becoming impatient wth the course of affairs, if Nusier had beon successful in any of bis undertakings the Spanianis would have borne the delay in obtaining the grand revenge for \nsults received from Clile—the bombardment of Valparaiso, but Nufiez bas fated, and the historic lesson which in my v2 to teach Chile has not yet been given. However, itis generally be. lieved that Nufiez hae accomplished the heroic work of bombarding a defenceless city before this, and. hax perhaps departed for the Atiantic agiin, His orders, ag I wrote you several weeks were to bombard Val- paraiso, and then to without delay to Monve- video an¢ await further orders. These orders have not been rescinded, but the presence of the allied squadron at Chiloe has delayed their execution. The government is not certain of finding Nuiez in the Pacific a few weeks hence unless further delays should have occurred. The news of the arnvat of the Huescar and Inde- poe at Rio Janeiro, with a Spanish merchant sbi jn company as Cs has caused a chill to run throug! society here. uvian iron-clads are not of a character to be properly left out of any calculation of probable results in the war in the Pacific. Although the baitors coolly aaauae, Sa Nuiiez will Sink oF. ope. them both wi e people, and especially the government, do not believe it at all, The formidable character of their offensive and defensive powers is too well known to those who ought to know, to be sneered at, The government is fully alive to the danger. The new iron-clad frigate ‘Tetuan, ing forty puns and represented as being one of the finest iron-clads in the world, is Atting out in all possible haste at Cadiz for the Pacific. If any serious accident or misfortune occurs to the Spanish fleet she 1s expected to mend it. Somehow or other the government seems to me to be apprehen- sive that Nuiiez will not be able to out of the Pa- citle 80 800n as they desire; so, with some degree of forethought, they are preparing for any eventuality. They are ‘reluctant to send so fer away their best iron-clads; but what can they do? As yet, until Valparaiso is bombarded, they can- pot leave the Pacific. A thousand things or less have prevented this consummation, The aspect of affairs be- comes more gloomy, The allied fleet will be reinforced by two of the best iron-clads in the world, against which they are scarcely able to cope. If they'tight they. are likely to be flogged; if they run without doing something to redeem Spanish valor their reputation is zone. Such asad plight ‘were poor S} is in never before, They are ina fairsacred and do not know how to extricate themselves ym the increasing troubles that surround them. If the foreign fleets would refuse to permit the Spaniards to bombard Valparaiso that would at once end the war, and the Spaniards would retire from the Pacific. All they desire is to find some decent pretext for getting out of this row. It would be a violation of neutral: y, of course, to interfere in favor of Chile, but nothing would come out of that but long Soy aro protests and all that, which his Most lustrous Excellency the Secretary of Foreign Affairs can write ad infinitum, Ink is cheaper than Spanish blood, and paper costs less than frigates. ‘The government could tell the “Behold, had it not n for disgraceful interfere! by a force we could not cope with, we should have inflictéd a glorious lesson uy the wretched and degenerate eons of Spain in Chile, and vindicated Spanish honor—honor that has never been sullied before, nor will it ever be again if we are compelled to take up arms against the world, Our banners are free from any stain, Let us leave to their bitter reflections those wretches in Chile and Peru, hav- ing no relations with them.”” The people would doubt- less take that down, and the government would be hailed as vindicators of Spamish honor, defenders of the right, &e., and thus allwould be satistied and complacent. General Lersundi, the new Captaip General of Cuba, suiled to-day from Cagjz for his post. The papers are busily engaged in picking his character to pieces. He changed higpolities before he took office, and the ques- tion of ‘vesedlado’’ is up again, He as ac dof being ‘recolned,”” which is not a bad name to apply to a tara. o hns the loaves and Jehes is friends thin! ch ph able Wo survite fue & ct ‘The press law is in force with a will. ‘The government “denounced,” or warned, on Saturday last, three liberal papers—Democracia, La Iberia and La Discusion—for ar- ticles not agreeabie’ to O'Donnell. Last week not less than five warnings were given. ‘The new broom sweeps clean, Ex-President Fillmore and wife left here yesterday for Paris. Mrs. Fillmore has derived great advantage from her journey through Spain. Her health improves daily. While in Madrid mapy attentions were ollered them, which they felt obliged’ to decline, as Mr, Fillmore an wife were travelling entirely for thoir health, They will remiun in Paris until June, when they will probably re- turn to the United States, “Mr, Fillmore seems to be in excellent health, and enjoys the pleasures of travel as keenly as the youngest. GERMANY. Our Berlin Correspondence. Bamury, May 2, 1866. The Rumors ann’ Chances of War—Gecupation of Saxony in Prospec!—Exlarsive Military Prepavations—Yumbere and Composition of the Prussian Army—Changd in Pub- lic Feeling—Formldaile Armaments of Austria—The Crown Domains Mortpaged—The Emperor Expected at Headquarters, dc. oes They say that history never repeats itself, but in some respects the present situation bears a striking resem- blance to that at the commencement of the seven years’ war, with the essential difference to be seen that this time Austria is not backed by Franse and Russia, and that Prussia has secured a zealous and efficient ally in Italy. This morning it was generally reported that at tho Cabinet Council which was held yesterday at the Foreign Office im presence of the King and the Prince Royal, and which lasted no less than five hours, the resolution had been taken to occupy the iingdor of: Saxony forthwith, im order to prevent that country, which offers some first rate strategic positions, and which for nine centuries has been the great battle- field of Germany, from being made the baris of operations against Prussia by the Austrians and their friends, the Saxons, whe have been arming diligently of late, and whose whole military force, amounting in all to about thirty thousand men, is now placed on the war establishment. In like manner Frederick the Great began the campaign of 1756 by marching mto Saxony, surprising the Saxons in their intrenehed camp at Posen, and compelling them to surrender before tue Austrian army could come to therr axsatance. The report caused @ tremendons panic on ‘Change, many descriptions of stocks and railway shaves falling as much ap ten per cent; Austrian national loan to 49, and Italian rentes to 45, But it was at least premature, as no action will be taken by the Prussian covermnent’till an answer fy received to their note-sf the 28th wit, im whieh Austria ig summoned to tulill ber promise of disarm- ing, not only in the north, but ja the south, and to re- quire the other German Siates todiseontinue therrmilitary preparations, which are evidentiy jevelled agaist Pras- sia. The question of peace or war nds upon the roply that may be given to this note. is not favora- bie the negotiations Will be broke off and the Prussian Ambassador will receive orders to leave Vienna, With =axony a similar correspondence has been going on She was interrogated on the #.bject of her arina- ments and returned an evasive answer, stating |lat she was only making such preparations as would enxble her to fefil her federal engagements; whereupon a second note, or rather an ult matum, was dexpatched vestertns whieh, if the answer is again unsatisfactory, will im all probability be followed by tne entry of 4 Prussian army ‘nto Saxony. An order for mobilizing the army corps is expected every moment, of which two, the third and fourth, the former of which hye tts regular quar- tors at Berlin and the latter at Magdeburg, will form she army of occupation in Saxony, under command of Prince Frederick Charles. A reserve, composed of the Guards and the Seventh corps, under Field Marshal Wranget (ho has just completed bis eghty-second year), will be Stutioned on the Elbe, south of Berlin, in readiness to operate either oa the Saxon or the Siberian jine, or to make head against the Bavarians im case they should attempt a diversion in favor of Austria and Saxony in tue direction of Thoringla, Of the rest of the Prossian army, the Second, Fifth aud Sixth corps will be concentrated im Siberia, the greater part of the First transferred from East Prussia to Prostian Poland, and the Eighth will re- main on the Rhine, where no attack seems to be appre: hended. h of these corps is fortysthousand strong, or three hundred and sixty thousand in all (including the Guards, who form a separate corps); but it is eal- culated that in ease of need, and with the addi- tion of the landwehr, the whole effective force tight be raised (o six hundred thousand of six hundred and fifty thousand men. A large proportion, to be sure, would have to be deducted for garrisouiug the fortresses , which are altogether.too numerous, as the King cannot make up bis mind to dismantle any of these old bul warks, which may Lave been veeful enough in former times (thongh they were not in 1806); nat which, with the exception of Ehrenbreitstein, Sarselines, Neisse, Corel, Posen and Boyen, would hardly hold out many hours rh artitiery, The wars inthe Crimea, im Italy aad (a Ameries bave shown thas, or two strong~ holds, of great fortified camps in formidable positions, are of the highest importance as pointe d’apperi for mil) tary operations, but a number ot small ones only fritter away the ai that has to oceapy them, and are unable to withstand a serious attack of the enemy Borides this, Praseia will have to keep at least thirty thousand men in Schleswig, where the Danes tr ght take the opportunity of ung thomselves of Titory wrested from them by the very two Powers 0 now (ailing out about the booty; with all these ctions, however, Prustia would probably be able to over four hundred thousand men junto the seld, as the North German Hanover, Meck- ranswick, &c., would have to unite their hers, either voluntarily of on compulsion. he people the feeling is decidedly more war- it wasa few weeks since At first, when mark merely appeared to be wantonly picking a quarrel h Austria and forcfua Ler imto a war to which she was wholly averse, but whick necessary for the realization of bis ambitious 4, public ‘ad meetings were hel any denouncing the iden Dut the aggressive attitude sasumed by Austria against Italy and her attempt to elude the mutual disarmament agreed to by Praasia have produced a complete reaction in public opinion Even the best friends of Austria are alienated by her conduct, which is attributed to the same infatuation that on the catastrophe of 1869. In fact a foreign diplomat- (at of high rank, who has just arrived trom Vb and had conversed with the Ei Francs Josepha, that be is in such @ state of passionate irritation that it i# impossible to reason with him; that he is tired of diplomatizing, tn whieh he save bis ministers alway jot te worst of it, and that he is determined to out ordian knot by an appeal to the sword, and if be cannot conquer at least to perish with honor. Was Unanimous against {t, Baus, Mag 8, 1866. Exciting Miitary News from Austria— attitude of Bara- ria—Relations Bedoeen Prussia and Italy, be. The accounts from Austria to-day are more threatening than ever. The measures for placing the entire army on the war footing are nearly completed, and the corps sta- tioned in Bohemia and Moravia are ready to march at an hour's notice, Every day large transports of troops ar- rive per rail ig Prague, and are pushed on towards the north, where they are quarteredgin ai! the towns and vil- ingos along the frontiers of Prussian Silesian In Ave trian Silesia the schools have boen clowd, the build. ings being required for the soliiera Cracow, Joseph- Siadt, Olmaty aad the other fortresses in Bokomia aud Moravia are fully armed and victualled fora siege. The army in Venetia, under Archduke Albert, is said to be one hundred and sixty thousand strong, but will keep on the defensive, while the grand army in Bohemia under Benedek, which, after all the reinforcements have joined it, will number three hundred thousand, commences offensive operations against Prussia. The Emperor himself is expected at headquarters, attended by a whole posse of Archdukes, and from whence he would make an excursion to Pilinitz to have an interview with the King of Saxony. To raise money for the approach- ing campugn he has pledged the crown domains for sixty millions of florins, and has even gone the length of mortgaging the great salt works of Wicliczka, the yield of which is estimated at six millions of florins per annum. Bavaria is also arming, though she does not appear much imelined to side with Austria, notwithstanding the near relationship between the two reigning houses and the efforts of the ultramontane party at Munich on behalf of the apostolic empire. She probably intends to maintain 4 neutral position, in which she will be supported by War. temberg, Baden and other second and third rate govern- ments, who, when united, will be strong enough to make this neutrality reported by either party and to prevent the flames of war from extending to Southwestern Ger- many. Te relations between Prussia and Italy are becoming more and more cordial, The Kreuz Ze which for six years has been raving against Victor Emanuel and prophesying the downfail of his revolutionary kingdom, acknowledges that under the present circumstances it would be folly for Prussia not to avai herself of the services of so Valuable an alley, and that in such a case theoretical scruples must’ yield to practical utility. The Staats Anzeiger of last. night announc’s that Count Barral, the Ttalian Am ior at Berlin, has received the Grand Cross of the Red Eagle, and that the second and third class of the same order have been conferred on his secretary of legation and } attaches. As itis the custom for sich ¢ompliments to be passed at the conclusion of a treaty, it is fuir to infer that some document of the kind has been signed by Italy and Prussia, The answer of Austria to the Prussian summons is looked for with intense interest, Most people think it will be tantamount to a declaration of war, but not afew are of opinion that at the last moment the Cabinet of Viena will recoil from a struggle fraught with such tremendous consequences, and in which a defeat would involve the destruction of the empire. Unfortunately for the Austrians they haye got themselves in such a fix that they cannot give way without utterly losing caste among Powers of Eu- rope and sustaining a moral humfliation more galling them the loss ot half a dozen battles. If they go to war they bave at least the chance of beating Prussia and dictating the terms of peace, whereas if they sub- mit now they only encourage Prussia to raise fresh demands, which they will ultimately have to resist under still more unfavorabie auspices than at present— if, mdeed, it will not be too late then to offer auy further resistance, ITALY. How the Government Became Involved in Germany. ‘Berlin (April 30) Correspondence of London Times. } have been to-day furnished with what I have reason to believe an authentic account of the hew complications between Haly and Austria, Italy began to arm a month ago. There being then a remote possi¥ility of Austria ‘and Prussia coming to blows, she naturally wished to prepare against a contingency which would have been her opportunity for attacking Venice with a chance of success. Her armaments, however were neither very formidable nor very rapid; and when the German com. motion began to subside without producing a sanguinary result, they were procecded with even more languid); than before, and with little; if any, hove of turnin? them to account. There was Just & chance that the impending rejectio fodetal reform might re- suscitate the grfirel between ibis apd the other goverpments of the confederacy. — The Kung of Prussia, disappointed by the final fallure of all bis fond aspirations after supremacy, might be in- duced to wreak his vengeance on Austria, his principal opponent, and Italy b» then enabled to make the most of (ie Kaiser's embarrassments. But no certain super-, stracture could be pul upon this hypothesis. It was very patent that the King, Who, towards the close of his reoent diplomatic correspondence with the Kaiser, bad solemnly protested his innocence of aggressive inten- tions, would not now be easily prevailed upon to enter a coutse which might terminate in war. Both the Ger- man Powers, moreover, were on the point of counter- manding the mijitary measures Jutely undertaken against cach other, And it therefore appcared all fig more improbable that the re-establishment of peaceable Fein lations would be succeeded by a speedy relapse into war- like propensities, This was the aspect of affairs when the Kaiser, taking alarm and acting with iis usual precipitancy when once roused, thought it necessary to arm instead of arm ing. His dynastic pride had been offended by Italy— Italy, that ephemeral production of insurrection and a forthight’s campaigu—presuming to think of completing the work sho ad set heiself, Laly was to be shown that as yet the Kaiser, the descendant of s0 many mag- nificent sovereigns of the holy Roman empire of the Germanic nation, was not afraid of her. He had no wish to invade the Italian terrkory, yet judged it indispensa- bie to convince his southern advereary that wero it requisite he would be competent to ward off attack, The idee is aiso gaid to have suggested it- self to bim that by showing a bold front on the banks ot the river Po he might canso Italy to disarm, juet as his concentration of troops in Bohemia had but now extorted » pacific assurance from Prussia. This latter reagoning is aflirmed to have been confidently adopted by the roya! iamates of the Hofburg, and 19 certainly nothing in the events of the day to give lie to the assertion. Austrian rashness produced its frus. Laly now had « right to arm in earnest. bad to protect her trontiers against possible invasion, and moreover was only too happy to be able to prove to this government that, i they were ready for the iray, she would not hold baek, Tus Awsria, ty her fiful policy, efjecied the reverse) whal sheininded. liwy returned men- ace for menace; and Prustia, with a gallant aily waiting for the s'gnal to begin, is (o-day more tikely to rewent the repection of her fuleral schemes than awak age. To be mire, to all those acquaimed with she character of Wil- ham L., no guarantee ix needed to convince them of the impossibility of his leacoing with a foreign Power, aud concerting, deliberately and in advance of disquieting events, a Common action against a metaber of the con- federacy. Stitt, uf Austria aoe nic a hostile attitude towards this monarchy, new armaments may appear in. evitable, recrimit envue, and peuce gradually pass of tto'a state of war, What'with banaying reproaches and ealiiug out troops on either side of the frontier, things may become so cubwiled that the question of securing allies may eventually present itself to the King inad ‘ A swollar danger prevails ta Austria's relations with here, too, the drawing up of inpatient armies own She battle array eceasion af appr. meditated conilict—a contingency involving the additional rik that should the Austrian troops, perchance, be chargeable { with the collision, the cautious but rrituble sovereign of this country may’ be persuaded by the bellicose among his adtisers that the Kaser intenus finishing off his several opponents successively, and that it would be im- poittic to aliow him leisure todo so. So far, shed, as | regards intentions, the above aceount confirms’ the paci- fio View of the case so generally adopted by the public, and 0 ingeniou: jended by politicians here, Neither Austria nor Prussia means war; bat the former, suspect- ing the latter, and beng besides afraid of having eten- tually to contend against two enem ¢4 at once, 20 kpuy prepares for emergencies as to run the Tiek of tofting them on by the very measures intended to ward them Off, Aa to tay, she mainly relic: » pon the indiscretion of Austria for winning to hersif the alliance of Prussia, and with it the chance of a victorious campaign, PRESIDENT JOHNSON'S POSITION. nington, de. w. ton Washington (April 19) correepondence of London Times. } Yesterday evening the President addressed to the pub: He another vindicatvon of the course he has parsued in relation to the South # nce his accession to otlice, The occasion which gave rise to it was not one of any extraordinary interest, A few days ago Mr. Johnson publicly recommended the appointment of disabled sol- diers and sailors to posts for which they were capable, in to other candidates; and, by way of showing the soldiers and sailors who are now adrift in on to serenade the President at the White House. Mr. Johnson took advantage of this cir. cumstance t explain many points in his policy which have been wilfuliy distorted by his op. if any one should be disposed to con. of ty Ble undignitied, it would is placed in a very un- usual and trying position. The President of this country as ho ministers in either department of Congress through whom he can pot forward his views to the He has no agents to clear away misrepresenta- tion and prevent the public mind from being led awn’ wrong statements and false \esnes But there ba = Tore ana tate euetul to ronctians as the claama resent thet’ just before bis assassination be was exposed to the vary Senne mubapegrceeeees ad cane, Ove the very same men, of Mr. Johnson is now the odject, Mr, Sumner attacked President Lincoin most violently and bitterly for his anxiety to ro or the pee Ags gh as little for animosity as ible behind. Had Mr. Lincoln itved, and he ered in the policy he bad marked out, he w have fared no better than Mr. poe A im {nf tes to gh hs policy ‘Mr. Johnaon is obliged Yo io own present. tthe band its directly it arrived, and ane faa "egal tee ‘ace wpen the og sort Pa’ m4 " a k and presently Mr. Johnson came - quick, sharp, sidelong look at this defective orator, but Otherwise stood surveying the people as patiently as they. After this had continued nearly a quarter of an hour—for the address was drer diully long and prosy— the spokeéman forgot his lesson al er, and was: obliged to fall back on his manuscript, after which he got on very well, and, greatly to the relief of the audi- ence, the thing came to an end at last, and the precious document was handed to the President. hearty one, and the President began his reply. ‘at first’ ip alow tone, but he seemed to warm to bis subject almost un- consciously, and before he had proceeded far his voice rang out so loud that it must have been distinctly heard acro 6 Pennsylvania avenue and the large square oppo- site to the White House. Work people and others who were going home in the cars turned out and ran into the nds, and very soon there were probably at’ least two persons assembled there. ‘The introductory part of the speech was listened to in perfect silence, bat ag the President became more animated the audience showed more enthusiazm, and made their own comments aloud on his remarks. When he said anything that eased them they called out, “That's so,” or, “Good, ood,” or, a8 aman near me constantly cried, “Bully or you!” ‘These comments, however, were unheeded by the President, If one could judge from his manner, le very soon ceased to think of the crowd at all, and became totally absorbed in his subject. He spoke with ease and tmency, scarcely ever pausing tor a word or changing one, repeating his arguments occasionally, and every now and then pausing and looking delibera- tely, with a keen, sharp glance, all over the crowa. He has a habit of coughing slightly, as if to clear his voice, and of interpolating into his remarks, ina lower and aside tone, the words “your attention,” although, of course, there was no necessity to make any such appeal. His face, so well known through his portraits, is harder and sterner than even these portraits show ; itis full of iron, lines, and suggests at a glance the great firmness and power which have cHaracterized him in every position of his curious and. eventiul life. Fis manner is dry and sardonic, and it was impossible to help laugh- ing at the peculiar changes of his voice and tone when he uttered a sarcasm; the crowd not only laughed at guch times, but cheered enthusiastically. Some passages he ert through his clinched teeth, as when he sad, “But there is an idea out that one man can be a despot, that one man can be a usurper. but a hundred or two hundred cannot.”” As ho uttered the words which I have marked in Italics he sank his voice and cast a particularly droll look at the crowd, and bis whole face seemed to settle itself into an intense sneer. The people cheertd, but Ido not thjnk the President was conscious of it, He spoke and looked like a man who dad forgotten everything but what he wished to say to the public far away from Washington, When he defended hitnself against the imputation of making a despotic exertise of power he spoke very loudly and warmly, his face flushed, and he cried out in tones which reverberated across the roy “What power has your President here with whfeh to be tyrant? Will you tell me? What can be do? What can he originate?”” His voice aga’n felt, his fareastic. mannér returned, and, with 8 comteal effect which I cannot describe or éxplain, bo added, “Why, thoy say hé exercises the veto power.” The crowd All the time kept up a conversational sort of comment. ‘Where were bis tra- ducers,” the President asked, “‘at the commencement of the war?” “In bed,” said a man, so quickly that the words seemed a part of the President's sentence, When he declared that the object of the war was not to Gestroy States, but “io put down rebellion and preserve the Staies in the Union of the States,” there were the loud- est cheers I ever heard froma a crowd m America, and the President wag obliged to stip for several moments. Frey, that tine he seemed to have the sy, hing of the assemblage more with him; they aE hie heartily,and he spoke wilh greater intenalty and anima- tion, * * * All this fell in exactly with the hnmor and temper of the crowd. When, also, the President, with great earnestness and energy of action, said that whilo he had been contending against traitors, treason, secession and dissolution in the South he had begn et tending at the same against the eonsolida- tion of power in the bunds of the Executive, there were boisterous cheers and a rant fire’ ot “That's so”? “If we were all to be pit (6 death, and thrown away and lost, and exclude‘dfrom socicty for one offence, how many of us would be leit?” said the President, and some one called out, ‘Darn few,,’ while aman near me remarked “That's the logie’ But of such interruptions ¢if interruptions they can be called! the President took no notice, and when a boy tumb! off'a pillar close by hisside, and the crowd laughed at the amiga . Mr. Jonson continued as botore, in. his prow ii absorbed apne It was quite dark before he a hed, and mén litthe lampsin front of the hous but in the 6; where the ident stood it must ha: been scarcely possible to dstinguish him from a little distance. As he turned to leave he bowed slightly to the crowd, which cheered hira lustily, and to the spokes- man who dad £0 bungled over the addtess; the band struck np “Yankee Doodle,” and the doors of the house were shut. crowd then, upon the demand of the spokesman, gave three more cheers for the President, and others for Grant and @herman. ‘Then they went away as quietly as they had come. THE EFFECT IN ENGLAND. ‘rom the London Times, May 6.) When we bear meaty: ane ee shoo bes geod is bitterly opposed Congress, wo-thirds of its members are his political enemi that a section taik of impeaching him, that a bill overthrowing bis policy has been passed over his veto, and that the rest of his t of office must be a long struggle with Acstile powers, are apt to suppose there must be. somettig pasnfol and onerous in his position. But this may be a a politician it would doubtless hension, To an ordinary be depressing to find himself unable to cat into effect what he thought right, and endowed with limited powers to hinder what he disapproved. An English statesman cowid not live and work in such @ situation. Respons.bility without authority would wear him out, and he would soon seck ease of mind in retirement. We doudt whether even President Lincoln could bave endured fer six months the opposi- tion, almost the antipathy, of Congress, Bat Mr. Jonuson is cest in another mould. His strong will and his high temper probably male hin feel a positive plea- sure in conflict, He was not madge for times of peacetul politics, to exch compliments with sympathetic eol- leagues, to help a leisurely Cougrees in its scanty lepis- Jatron, Like his predecessor from the same State, An- drew Jackson, he is never more happy than whew asserting his strong opinions—enforeing them it he can, but at all events maintaining them. It js clear that the passing of the Civil Rights bill over MMs veto has not daunted him, but has rather brought out the spirit, not to say the pugnacity of bis character, Mr. Johnsen bas never spoken 60 fearlessly and eo bitterly as since the policy of his opponents has been victorious, He avews bis retiance on the Supreme Court to set aside the new Jaw, and believes that pubhe opinion will sup- port him and fhe constitution against a tyrant majority in Congress, Like mos’men of strong will, he is not sparing in his denuneiatwns of those whe oppose bim. His allusions to the radieal leaders would be unparlia- mentary and onministerial in England, though when compared with the language which has ten towards himaelf the more excitable of the .hostile orators, it is genleners itely. Nor does the President confine lis #trictures to a single occasion, During the last few months he has made several speeches, and taken unity to ket the American public understand nd convince itself of his devermination. The Jast occasion, deseribed by our correspondent yerterday, is interesting as lustrative of the speaker's character and the habits of bis country. A few years ago such an interview as that betwoen the President and the disband- ed coldienm and sailors of Washmngton, beginning with « “gerenane!’—that ia, & performance by a band of music— and ending with a political speech by the President to the constantly inereasing crowd, would have been looked upon as something #0 remarkably American as to be to us merely a matter of wonder and curiosity. Rut we all know that England we have advanced very much im the some direction. Statesmen have not now the dignified reserve of Castlereagh, or Wellit or Giey ; we have had announcements of tmipist Hey to provincial deputations, and the House of Commons is left to read in the papers what ha been communicated after-dinner audience by word of mouth. Let us |, then, be captious about the dignity of President Jobason when be talks to the Washington crowd about his policy, bis intentions, and his difficulties. It was « familiar way of addrewi whole Amrican people. The President spoke uri a orb. It wi ance since the his fitet *publie appeai overrid ng his veto. He desired to tell the what he ihoaght, to show them bow he bore his defeat. He took the earliest opportunity, because he knew not when he should bave another. It must be remembered that the President is not, like our own Prime Minister, a member of the jegisiatur:, with a dally opportunity of announcing his vie magistrate, responsible for the peace of the Union, in- trusted with the execution of every federal law, and yet, ox by a formal mm to © be has no means of communicating hit personal opinions. In ac- cordance with an example set by several predecessors, he makes ® potitical speech to ap ordinary audience, and leaves his words to be reported to all whom they concern. From the extracte that are given of it the arguments seem to have been efective. The post- tion of Mr. Johneon is intelligible enough. He says he is the defender of the constitution, the majority in Congress are the assailants, He says be is no tyrant, and cannot be, since he can originate nothing, and can only act in accordance with the federal law of the laws of the several States. Hie says that, om the other hand, jority in Congress are p! che part of tyrants, ew are undeniably tune vayene the powers de- puted to Congress by the constitution legialated tp co of the “There is and have i % 5 States, ove 5 defend that circumstances |mperatively demand . ‘They eny that the framere of the constitu. tion never mMiticipated a great civil war and the necessity +thing of their own) out of tried to without his manuscript, which he held | and then determine whether he rolled nee hand; pli yerent 3 ‘say three | person to be admitted. ‘All you have to do if a trail words without ing to recollect what to follow, | comes is to send him back to and sometimes he broke down altogether, and there was | won't’ deny you the utter silence for several seconds, the crowd being quite | sented, but we demand still and motionless. The President now and then cast a | Us @ loyal representative. fives to Washington. But when justice is dime to the colored population there will be a ithong desire to shake of the dimination of the republican party, and to heat weunds which the war has made, ‘thé ‘American people, in the Eastern States at least, sympathize with the Presi- dent, but seem to believe that ho has gone rather too fast. If be has skill equal to his determination he may still gain his ends, reconcile the conquerors and the con- ered, and prove himself the author of enduring bene- iis to his country. THE FASHIONS. Visit of Our Special (Fashion) Correspon- dent to the Race Course at Lomg- champs—Scenes by the Way and from the Imperial Stand—Style of Dresses of the Court Ladies—Mantles, Nets, Cra- vats, Jackets, Walking Dresses and Waist Belts—Dressing the Mair—A Nov- elty, de. OUR PARIS CORRESPONDENCE. Pants, May 4, 1856. The weather was most serene and bright whon my last letter left Paris; but an April sun is ne mere to be relied ‘on than the capricious favors of a spoiled beauty. Thia comparison between sun and smiles is not novel, neither shall it extend to tears and showers, whatever pocts may have said ever since April was April. Melting smiles, however (the precise quality of our last week's sun), are quite veracious, whereas the pelting rain that has since followed could only help a very nearly done-up rhyme secker, Every one will allow that the term could never be applied, even delicately, to a lady’s grief, though people may talk of a gush of tears. For my part 1 will not believe that any one could cry as perseveringly as it showered down on the race couree the night preceding this season’s Inst run at Longchamps. Tt laid dowa the dust effectually, but dampened no one’s courage. Sireams of carriages and conveyances of ail descrip- tions thronged every avenus leading to the “Bois”? with promiscuous confusion. In fact, it was a matter of geometry—all linee and axles—{o turn in and out of @ labyrinth of dregs, igams, Vans aid tahdous, Wdut considerab4 grazing and other more seriois damages recelvtd and inflicted with a lively jest and repartee Some, however, did get in first—I among the number, having been favored with admittance to a reserved seat near the imperial siand, ma 1am sorry to confess that I took a secondary interest in the real emotion of the day; none at all in the *juckoya, who always remind me of parti-colored, bump- ing clastic balla, doomed to shrink into nothing on the potnt of someprickly tence, which they sooner or later fail to jamp. The only wonderment is how they clean their tight-fitting suits. Of course they sicvep in them, for such a fit cannot be made to take otf w..en once on. Neither do I appreciate the betting business in the ring, which is carried on in a lanzuag’ very much like slang. In my opinion “felders” and gamblers are synonymous; put then Lam not an experienced turtite, and my no- tions midy be pecul ar. In treth, I hope no race-mad _ maiden will cast a giance over this, for IT cannot conclude without saying that, taking man and beast apart, the nobler looking of the two, as they tear aloug at a terrific pger, is not the biped—which conclusion ts rather humbling for bamanity in general, It may be asked why, then, I went to the races? Simply to take ® view of the turf in excellent company, look at (he Pree of Denmark and the Empreas and enjoy the immense © splay of duinty toilets ajl along the drive under iresh t- meng lace The erowd was curiously dotted over with over-ted poodies, spaniels and pet ‘= drows ly winking om fold» of silk or grinning on the © the multitode much as if Chey thought they bad the best of it, Where ail the lapdogs come from 1s a matter of speculation. What they come to we all know, how- ever much they may have been brushed, cor friz- zted, scented and made perfectly abuminable. The aew thing ta to have them dyed to match tueir mistresses’ colors. Can any one fancy a blue “Skye terrier?” The dresses were ail of the same cut and matvriais 1 descriped in my last letter, the bonnets mor: or | 53 “‘Pamola’’ shape. I not that beetles and other colored coated insects were skilfully put in among the leaves of the prettiest garlands. I gave particular attention to the yap of court la dies and to ee details of their dresa, the choice and style of which either fin'sh off or distigure the rich: at robe. To begin with all the “Benoitons’’—a name imperishably assoc ated with anything (ast or only fash- jonabie—we have the Benoiton ja, net and cravat. ‘Vue former is a half loose black silk jacket, worked over, seams and all, with ent room being left, ia round or oval spaces, for a bridied horse. This leads me to say that there ts @ great entanglement of strings, chains and bridies on every kind of trizpmuing, which imports, I suppose, that in our days there exists & to keep firm hoid of aii that ean be secured. The net of the finest glos¥y silk is 90 made nto figure a caul of curls, which are supposed by the * unau: jag and stmple-minded to ‘grow with roots om one's head, some I have seen powdered and drawn over chignona, but these nets bave not yer met with universal favor; they only look well ander bonnets. ‘The Benoiton cravat is nothing but a fat narrow neck- tle, with rich pending tassels. ‘The mantle calied ‘ Empress’’ is very graceful. It is a black doult de sote shawi, cut low round the shoulders, trimmed with a full deep guipure. a lace hood, bow streamers, The “Metternich” mantie fs handsomer and younger than the form r. It is a close fittimg ue made of black gros grain. The basques, whick go off im are trimmed with lace end wide ter ‘The scams down the back and on the eutte are covered with the same. Lace eyaulettes fall over the shoulders. A rich passementerie ornament with ends is placed behind on the waist. Loose jackets for every day wear are made of speckled or striped black wo Ero cioth, some all white or gray. The newest are pf y fleecy material, and are called “Auroras.” These are made with pointed hoods, which are brought to an end by cord and taseols. TI met three Auroras afew days ago ordering cinerarias and pelargont- ums at the flower market, which is now a round the Madeleine. Without any flower of speech nothing i* more natural thau to let one’s self be led by the nose tosach a floral treat in spring. It 18 much ea- joyed by ail the disengaged Boulevard heroes, of whom ‘there seems to be no lack, judging from the rows and rows of them seen lounging away their time (the best , on confortal seats, smoking londres aM joking at the burdens tower girls can manage to carry, or Lave thrust in their neat hide broughame. ‘There also is admired for ite reasonableness the pretty does away with loopings ae points behind and front, waiking costume, wh hooks, strings, cords and ali the Wattean ia cotaposed of alpaca, white, gray or bludl, and of two short skirts; the top one, shorter than the other, is gored out and fat, round’ the waist; both are soolloped round the bottom, leaving the high, neatly Seting boot uncovered. The dangling tawsels'on the top seem to lend motion to the quick, small feet busty troting te nioety is the belt. Let leather, with steel or silvi bon folded to ttie desired ornaments, or of wide ribe British Speeulations. " LATORS AND THEIR OPERATIONS. JOINT STOCK SPRCULATORS morn oo [From the Lon’ ; ‘The present age will figure in our social wa new oe of finance. The hte Be og rane a a ry a via ae py ace sad te b> oaeek un exten Gouin t eaotage tre sufticient to warrant this mistrost, although tke alarm, carried to excenm fb eek yan When speculation was rehevedt it trade avd Aas, money, o veawure iti rome ton ia pro ee sees H found immediats onl! for thetr cash far i tions oe (arenes oan ver. The conseq| na strange anomaly for pouged