The New York Herald Newspaper, March 11, 1865, Page 5

‘4 WASHINGTON. PLOCLAMATION BY THE PRESIDENT. Deserters Disfranchised Unless They Report Within Sixty Days. John P. ter to Spain. Important Decisions of the ) Supreme Court. The Red River Prize Cotton . Cases Settled. The Navy Has No Interest in : the Captures. General Banks’ Flection in Louisiana of No Effect. ‘Condemnation of Slave ‘Frading Ves- sels and Cargoes. THE NEW ENROLMENT ACT, &e., &e., &e, PROCLAMATION BY THE PRESIDENT. Desorters Distranchised Unless They Re- * port within Sixty Days. Whoreas, the twenty-iirst section of the act of Congress ‘Spproved on the 3d instant, entitled “ An act to amend the ‘several acts heretofore passed, to provide for the enrolling and calling out tife national forces and for other purposes, ’” Fequires that in addition to the other 1a wful penalties of the crime of desertion from tho military or naval service, ‘all persons who have deserted the military or naval service of the United States who shall not return to said service or report themselves to a provost Marshal within sixty days after the — pro- flamamion hereinafter mentioned, shall be deemed and taken to‘have voluntarily relinguished and forfeited their rights of citizenship and their right to become citizens, and such desertors shall be forever incapable of holding ‘ny offico of trust or protit under the United States or of exercising any rights of citizens thereof, and all persons ‘who shall hereafter desert the military or naval service, nd all porsons who being duly enrolled shall depart the Jurisdiction of the district in which he is enrolled or go ‘Deyond the limits of the United States with intent to avoid any draft into the military or naval service duly ordered, shall be liable to the ponalties of this section; and the President is heroby authorized and required forthwith gn the passage of this act to issue his proclamation, set- ing forth the provisions of this section, in which procia- ‘Mation the President in requested to notify all deserters Poturning within sixty days, as aforesaid, that they shall ‘be pardoned on condition of returning to their regiments and companies, or to such other organizations as they Jay be assigned to until they shall have served for a ‘Period of time equal to their original term of enlistment.” Now, therefore, bé i: known that I, ABRAHAM LIN- OLN, Prosidept of the United Staics, 40 lague th's my Proclamation, $8 required by said act, ordering and re- QQiring all desertors to return to their proper posts; and do hereby notify them that all deserters who shall, in sixty days from the date of this proclamation, yis., on or before the 10th day of May, 1865, return to Service or report themselves to a provost toarshal, shall be pardoned, on condition that they return to their regi- ‘ments and companies, or to such other organizations as they may be assigned to and serve the remainder of their original terms of enlistment, und, in addition thereto, a Period equal to the time lost by desertion. " In testimony whereof 1 have hereanto set my hand pnd caused the acal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the éity of Washington this 11th day of March, fn the year of our Lord 1865, and of the independence of the United States the eighty-ninth. ABRAHAM LINCOLN. ” By the President: Wiasan H. Sewanp, Secretary of State. MISCELLANEOUS NEWS. Wasarnatox, March 10, 1865. * AN EARLY RESUMPTION UF SPECIE PAYMENTS EX- PECTED. It is the expectation of the new Secretary of the Treasury, that from tho proveeds of the large amounts of Pouthern products known to have fallen into the hands of our victorious armirs,a fund will soon be aceumu- Aated which will enable the government to resume specie Payments much sooner than is geucrally believed. JOUN P. HALE OUR MINISTER TO SPAIN. Hon. John P. Hale, of New Hampshire, has been ap- pointed and eonfirnied as Minis\cr to Spain, This nomina- * Gon bax taken by surprise some of the particular per- fonal friends of Mr. Lincoln, who have been systematic ‘ally persecuted by Mr. Hale for two years past. They ‘my the surest way to the President's favor is to oppose policy and abuse bis friends. [PORTANT DECISION OF THE SUPREME COURT RE- GARDING RECONSTRUCTION AND PRIZE CASES. An important decision was rendered by Chief Justice azo, in the Supreme Court, to-day, which settles the icy of reconstruction. It arose ou the great prize case growing out of tho cotton captured by the Mississippi @quadron during tle Red river expedition. During the military occupation of the Red river country, Wo March last, the vavy seized large amounts of cotton on tho plantations near the “Fiver. The cotton was sent to Cairo, and libelied in the Southern District Court of line's a8 lawful prize for the a@avy. Noarly all the cotton seized was clatmed by pri- ~vate individuals, The case appealed was that of the ‘United © tates against seventy-two bales of cotton, Eliza- eth Aloxandor, claimant. The court below decided in favor of the claimant, and tho Untted States appoaled. ‘The covnsel for the government and the navy claimed, in thoir ar ument before the Supreme Court, that the cotton ‘was the enemy's property, captured in an enemy's country, and was eondemnable as prize of war. The Glaimant's counsel denied the right of Jand captures by he navy, and g!so claimed that the country at tne time Of the seizure of the cotton was not enemy's country, but occupied by the Union forces; that an election was “held and dolegates lected to a constitutional convention, ‘which had met, abolished slavery and established a civil government, thus securing to the people all thé rights ¢ privileges of citizens of the United States, Chief Justice Chase delivered the opinion of the dourt to-day, sustaining the decision of the court below, and decided that the cotton was not a prize of war, and that the navy could take no prize intercst in the pro- goods, The court also held that che cotton should have ‘Poon turned over to an agent of tho Treasury Depart- ‘ment; also that it should have been disposed of in pur- puance of the act of Congress of March 12@1863. This pet allows loyal claimants to recover proceeds of their property in the Court of Claims. In addition to this, the uurt decided that the election held in that part of Loui- ‘alana, during Gon. Banks’ occupation, and in pursuance f his orders, was null, void and of no effect. The fedural occupation was declared of so short duration as jot to remove the character of the enemy's country, court directed the libel to be dismissed. DECISION OF THE SUPREME COURT IN ELAVR TRADE P CABER. ‘Three cases arising under the law for the suppression the slave trade wore decided to-day in the Supreme oh ss them the case of the Sarah, In each of cases the decision of the court below was affirmed, te vessels and cargoes condemned. t ADJOURNMENT OF THE SUPREME COURT. ‘The Supreme Court adjourned to-day until the first Monday in December next, IMPORTANT TO ARMY PAYMASTERS. tn order to prevent the accumulation of surplus funds ands of paymasters, tho Paymaster General has chiefs of pay districta to require paymasters Hale Appointed Minis- NEW’ YORK HERALD, SATURDAY, MARCI IL, 1865. within their jurisdiction to pay over monthly, to some |. not take the oatn required of every Senator without officer designated for that purpose, all surplus funds in their possession. : REVISION OF TRADE REGULATIONS. It is understood to be the intention of the Secretary of the Treasury to revise, as soon as possible, all the trade regulations heretofore adopted, and make them more practical and available for the purposes for -which they wore intonded. AFPAIRS AT MATAMOROS. A gentleman who has recently arrived from Matamoros, Mexico, reports affairs as vory unsatisfactory in that vicinity. Persons who declare their sympathy with the Union cause are subjected to a renewal of the old Texan howie knife Reign of Terror if they do not subside, APPOINTMENTS CONFIRMED, . William C. Chandler, of New Hampshire, has been con- firmed by the Senate as Solicitor and Judge Advocate General of the Navy Department, provision having been made for such office by recent act of Congress, The Senate has also confirmed the nominations of Arnold Kokel as Judge of tho United States District Court in the Western district of Missouri, and of Samuel Hoard as postmaster at Chicago. ‘Tho Senate has confirmed the following to be major generals by brevet :— Brigadier General John W. Turner, 0. C, Androws, John W. McMullen, Charles Craft, Henry E. Davis and Alfred Sully. Brevet Brigadier General Swayne is confirmed as briga- dier general. The following nominations have boen confirmed ag brigadier generals by brovet:— Colone! George M. Love, 116th New York. Colonel James A. Hall, Saino artillery, Colonel Charles Albright, 202d Ponnsyivania, Colonel W. W. Henry, Ninth Vermont. Colonel Ambrose A Stevens, Fifth regiment veteran Sener Sore Colonel Thos. W. Bennett, Sixty-ninth Indiana, * Colonel John L, Beveridge, Eleventh Ithnois cavalry, Colonel James M. True, Sixty-sixth Ilinois. Colonel D. i. Greer, Seventy-seventh Lilinols. Colonel Henry White, Sixty-seventh Pennsylvania, Colonel Thos. T. Heath, J'ifth Ohio cavalry. Colonel James M. Kirby, 101st Ohio, . guenel Isaac R, Sherwood, 111th Ohio, Colonel Honry 8* Commnager, Sixty-seventh Ohio. Colonel Benj. Dorublezer, Forty-aixth Illinois. Colonel Thomas E. Chapin, Ninety-sixth Illinois, Colonel Theodore Reed. Colonel R. H. Jackson. Colonel A. T. Voris, Sixty-seventh Ohio. Colonel Peter 8. Mitchie. Colonel B. G. Farren, Fifth United States colored heavy artillery. Colonel Wm. J. Palmer, Fiftoenth Pennsylvania cav. Colonel Herman Briggs, of the Quartermaster’s Depart- ment. ote James A, Ekin, of the Quartermaster’s Depart- ment Colonel! William Hartsuff, Assistant Inspector General. Colonel Paul A. Oliver, Fifth New York. 4 Colonel John E. Mulford, Third New York. Colonel James Wood, Jr., 136th New York. Colonel Henry D. Kingsbury, 189th Ohio. The Senatd also confirmed the nomination of Wm. A. Dart, to be Attorney for the Northern district of New York; Smith 0. Scoflold, Marshal in and for the Western district of Missouri; Willinm . Elgood, Marshal of the Eastern district of Missouri; Josoph M. Root, Attorney for the Northern district of Ohio, APPOINTMENTS. + Frank Soule has been appointed Internal Revenue Col- lector for California, instead of Mr. Curtis, and Mr. Curtis Assossor, vice Mr. Fay. ° GUFRILLAS ON THE UPPER POTOMAC. On Thursday night a party of rebel cavalry, under a nephow of ox-Governor Letcher, attempted to make a crossing at Muddy Branch, on the Upper Potomac. They were met by the pickets of the First New Hampshire cavalry, who drove them back, killing young Letcher and ten of the party. Guerillas, under one of the Kin- cheloes, are in force in the neighborhood of Leesburg. REPORTS OF ESCAPED UNION PRISONERS. Within a fow days past ten paroled and escaped Union prisoners have arrived at the Washington Navy Yard. Theve came from the stockade prison at Florence,’and Delonged to various vessels, having been captured at dif- ferent times, The oscaped mon state that when Sherman marched towards Florence they were hastily placed on the cars and started towards Wilmington; but when that place was threatened they were taken back to Goldsboro, where they remained a short timo and were sont back to Wilmington, A flag of trace, it is said, was sent to Gene ral Terry asking if they could be exchanged through him, to which he replied that it could not be done for several days, While they wero in Wilmington quite a number escaped and were hid by the citizens, and these men say that soveral hundred must have yot away in this mannor by the aid of Union citizens, One of these escaped prisoners, George Ander- son, of the Monttor Passaic, who was captured in War- saw river on the 5th of December, escaped while being taken with other prisoners from Wilmington to Rich- mond, he and fifteen others jumping off the train when it was about thirteen miles from Wilmington. Two of these men were shot by the guards from the tops of the cars and killed, but all the others made their escape, and were in the city when our forces entered. There were about five thousand prisoners brought away from the Florence stockade, one thousand sick being left behind. This place had been in command of Colonel Iverson, of the Twentieth South Carolina regiment, and it was said that he was a prisoner in Richmond for some cause when these men left THE CHESAPEAKE AND OHIO CANAL. Upon a careful examination of the injuries to the Chesapeake And Ohio canal, it has been ascertained thet serious damages have occurred besides the destruction of the dam. One of the most important culverts near Williamsport, Md., has been washed away, and other breaks have occurred at different points. It is estimated that it will take until midsummer to repair these damages, and apprehensions are entertained of serious ombarrasament to the government and indiv'duals in the complete stoppago of the transportation of coal for all this period. EUNGARIANS BOUND FOR ARIZONA. About five hundred Hungarian families, who are de- sirous of settling in one of our Territories, are repre. sented here by an agent, who is trying to arrange with the State Department for their transpertation from Europe to the rich mineral and agricultural sections of Arizona. The only objection to such an arrangement will probably come from the Mexican brafch of the house of Hapsburg, Arizona being in rather close prox- {mity to Maximilian’s province of Sonora. TME TAX ON OFFICERS’ SALARIES, The Second Comptroller of the Treasury has made the following decision :— Treascry Derantuent, Sacoxp CoMprRouLEn’s Orrick, March 1, 1865 The salary of an officer which is preseribod by law is the basis of taxation, exempting fifty doliars per month. Pay and commutation of allowance conatt- tute salary. Crediting these, the taxon any excess be. yond the lifty dollars exerapted should be deducted. If there are penalties or stoppages they should be de- ducted from the sum thys ascertained. J. M. BRODHEAD, Second Comptroller. THE COMMIBSIONER OF REFUGERS, FREBDMEN AND ABANDONED REBKL LANDS. It appears to be certain that the President has selected Hon. James Birney, of Michigan, as Commissioner of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, under the act passed on the 3d inst. Mr. Birney is strongly recommended by leading republicans from ali quarters of the country, and especially urged by the Governor, State officers and Congressional delegation of Michigan. He has held several offices of trust in his Stat mong them the offices of Lieutenant Governor, State Senntor and Judge of the Circuit Court, He is a son of the late James G. Birney, who was the anti-slavery party's first nominee for President, and it is therefore deemed peeullarly Atting that this hie ron—Hon. James Birney—should be the first incumbent of the office of Commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau. SUDDEN DEATH. Samuel McElwee, the oldest printer in Washington, and for many years connected with the National Inirlii- geneer, died auddeniy to-day, in the seventy-second year of hia age. CONGRESSIONAL PROCEEDINGS. UNITED cig ne SENATE. Extra Session. Wasniterox, March 10, 1865 THE NEW SENATOR FROM MARYLAND. ‘Mr. Jounsox, (opp.) of Md.. presetited the credentials of Mr. J. A. J. Cresswell elected Senator by the Legisla- ture of Maryland, in piace of Sehator Hicks, deceased. He qualified and téok hi seat, COMPENSATION TO THE CLAIMANTS OF BEATS FROM LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS. Mr. Laws, (rep.) of Kansas, moved that the Senate Proceed to the consideration of the resolution to pay Kathe roported ad. cogam itt ng ary: My. Lane said that was not true. Mr. Fishback was known to be @ radical republican from the commence- ment of the rebellion, and was one up to this and in every possible way the ordinance ot secession until he was compelied to Joey for it to eave his life. The Senator from Massachusetts had just voted to print @ book from the Academy of Science. For himself (Mr. Lane) he was not disposed to do a wrong to save a little money. . TRUMBULL, (rep.) of IIL, did not seo what claim the gentleman claiming a seat from Arkansas could have to mileage. The Committee on Judiciary had investi the maiter, and the Senate, by a decided Goclared they were not entitled to seats. This was done at the first. seasion of the late Congress, and they were paid mileage long ago; but after it was decided that they were not entitled to seats, and, although no new election had taken piece, they again come hero and ask to he admitted to le then proceeded to state the grounds on which tho Committee on Judiciary came to the conclu- sion to recognize the new State government of Louisiana, Its constitution was one of the most liberal in the United States, One clause abolished slavery and prohibited the Legislature from parsing any law recognizing nroperty in man. Not only are white males entitled to suffrage, but the Legisiature has power to extend it to other porsons. Five-sixths of the constitutions do not allow the colored people to vote, nor prohibit the Legislatures from mak- ing laws to enable them to do so. Education for all the children in the State was provided for by its froe State constitution, The object of recognizing that government was to get rid of the military usurpation. He proceeded to show that notwithstanding the military orders issued no loyal peoplo wero prevented from voting, and further that two-thirds of the people of the entire State took Part in the election of the delegates to the convention which framod the new copatitifion. his astonishment Mr. Wana, (rep.) of Ohio, ex that the Sengtor jet Ww take an elaborate speech. de- ould now f le go only yengrenghy was made up to vel some ti the Senate journed. The lawmaking eee, aatnced pertie aie be in rebel- Mon against the people of the United States. It was not inthe power of the President to bring back rand State which was deliberately porttccrin re- publican government. The people are uttorly un- qualified to sect up a State government. until the barriers are removed, and Congress declares they are in a condition to establish a government for themselves. The bringing back a State was not to be initiated by tho President. The President could no more, by order 35, anthorize a rebellious State to set up a governiment than ho could create something outof nothing. He had striven to elect tho President, but he could never sanction such a Process as that. It was a dangerous precedent, and, if Continued without our assent, would reduce our govern- ment to a mero military despotiain, If such a courso could be « urstied in Louisiana, it could bo done in all the other rebellious States, and there might bo introduced here as Senators, more creatures of the President, repre- senting military power. Would the Senator from Illinois sanction this—to bring in here unwashed rebels, nen who haye perjured themselves to the lowest hell—to as- sociate with the patriotic Senator from Ilinoist Sir, it will never do. Michael Hahn was the candidate of the President, who said to him in an order, “Be Governor of Louisiana.”’ And this was done without consulting the Senate or any other body. The Senator from lilinois had urged that the people of Louisiana had acted without restraint, and that two-thirds of the people had taken tin the election. Will you, said Mr, Wade, permit two-thirds to make a constitution for the entire’ people, while the other third is in duress? Is that your rule ‘Ho made further remarks on the subject. Mr. TRUMBULL moved an amendment to the resolution, 80 as to provide for paying only the Loniviana claimants, pending which the Senate went into executive session, and afterwards adjourned. THE NEW ENROLMENT LAW. ‘Wasuixatox, March 10, 1865. The Amendatory Enrolment act has just been officially promulgated. It provides, where any revised enrolment in any Congressional or draft district has been obtained or made prior to any actual drawing of names from the enrolment list, the quota may be adjusted and appor- tioned to such revised enrolment, instead of being ap- plied to or based upon the enrolment as it may have Stood before the revision. Hereafter all persons mus- tered into navalor military service shall be credited to the State, and to the ward, township, precinct or other enrolment sub-district where such persons belong by ac- tual residence ; the provost marshal to give such instruo- tions as shall be necessary for the faithful enforcement of this provision, to the end that fair and just credit shall be given to every section of the country; provided, in any call for troops hereafter, credits shall not be given except for men actually furnished on that or on the pre. ceding call and mustered into military or naval ser- vice, In computing the quotas hereafter, credit shall be given for all men furnished by them respectively, and not heretofore credited during the preseut rebellion, for any period of service not less than three months, calcu- lating the number of days for which such service was furnished and reducing the same to years; provided such credit shall not be applied to the cull for additional made by the President on the 2st of hocember, 180 Persons who have been or may hereafter be drafted under the provisions of the several acts to which thi an amendment, for the term of one ycar, and who hi e actually furnished or may actually furnish accepted sub- stitutes not liable to draft for the tarm of three yeara, shall be exempt from military duty during the time for which such substitute shall not be liable to Cee ane exceeding the time for which such substitute shall have been mus- tered into service. Any recruiting agent, substitute brokér or other person who for pay or profit shall onlist or cause to be enlisted, as volumtecr or substate, any in- ane person or conviet, or person under indictment for a felony, or who is held to bail to answer for a felony, or person in a condition of intoxica- tion, ora deserter from the military or naval srvice, or any minor, between the ages of sixteen and eighteen years, without the consent of his parents or guardians, or any minor under the age of sixteen years, knowing him in either case before mentioned to be such, or who shail defrand or illegally deprive any volunteer or subati- tute of any portion of the State, local or United States bounty, to which ho may be entitled, shall, upon eon- viction in any court of competent jurisdiction, be fined not exceeding $1,000 nor less than $200, or imprisoned not exceeding two years nor less than thrae months, or both, in the diserction of the court sforesaid, Any ‘officer who shall muster into the military or naval service any deserter from said service, or insane person, or person fn acon- dition of intoxication, or any minor us aforesaid, know- ing him to be such, upon conviction by any court martin), be. dishonorably dismissed the service of the Unite States. In every case where a substitute is furnished to take the place of an enrolled or drafted man, and it is shown by evidence that shall be sat’sfactory to tho Sec. retary of War, that sich such subssitute was, at the time of his enlistment, known by the party furnish mon comp x mentis, or in & condition of intoxie under conviction’ or indictment for any oifeuce of ‘the grade of felony at the common jaw, or to have been guilty of a previons act of desertion, unsatisfied by par- don or punishinent, or by reason of any existing infirmity ment, physically incapable of performing the ordi- ry duties of a soldier in actual service in the ranks, or minor, ag above stated, it shall be the duty of the Pro- vost Marshal General, on advice of tho fact, to report the same to the Provost Marshal of the proper district; and if such person go enl sted and incapable shall have been, since the passage of this act, mustered into the service as aubstitute for a porson liable to draft and not actually , the name of the perzon so liable, who furnished te, shal) be aguin placed on’ the list, and be t to drait thereafter, as though no such substitute had been furnished “by him; and if such a stitute so’eulisted, and incapuble-as aforesaid, shail ha been, since the passage of this set, mustered into the vorvice as a substitute for a person actually crafted, then it shall be the duty of the Provost Marshal General to direct the Provost Marshal of the district immediately to notify the person who furnished such substitute that he is held to service in place of such substitute, and be shall stand in the same relation, and be subject to the same liability aa before the furnishing of such substitute, In case any substitute shall devert trom the army, and it shall appear by evidence satisfactory to tho Sueretery of Warthat the party iurnishing such substitute shal have in any way, directly or indirectly, alded or abetted such desertion, or been privy to any intention on the part of such substitute to desert, such person’ shail be immediately placed in the army, and shall serve the period for which he was liable to draft, such service to commence at date of the desertion of the substitute, In addition to the other lawful penalties of the crime of desertion, all persons who have deserted from the mij. tary or naval service, who shall not return to sald service or report themselves to ® provost marshal within sixt days after the proclamation hereinafter mentioned, shall be deemed and taken te have voluntarily relin- quizhed and forfeited their rights of citizenship and their rights to become citizens; and auch deserters shall be forever incapable of holding any office of trust or profit | under the United States, or of exorcising any of the rights of citizens thereof; and all persons who shall hereafter desert the military’ or naval Service, and all who, boing duly enrolled, shall depart the jurisdiction of the district in which he is enrolled, or go beyond the limits of the United States, with the intent to avoid any draft into the military or naval service duly ordered, shall be liable to the penaltien of this rection. And the President ts hereby authorized and required forthwith, on the pas- of this act, to iesue his proclamation setting forth ¢ provisions of this sectten, in which proclamation the President is requested to notify all deserters returning within eixty days, ns aforeenid, that they shall be par: doned, on condition of returning to their regimente und companies, or to such other organizations az they may be assigned to until they shall have served fora poriod of time equal to their original term of enlistment. The law providing for recruit in the re. bdellious States for the benefit loval States is repealed. Any porson or persons enrolled in any sub-district may, gfter notice of draft, and be- fore the same shail have taken cause to be mus- tered into the service of the United States such number of recruits, not subject to draft, as they may deom expe- dient, which recruits shail stand to the credit of T. sons thus causing them tobe mustered in aud t be taken as substitutes for such persons, or ao many of them as may be drafted to the extent of the number of such recruits, and in the order designated by the principals at the time the recruits are thus as aforeanid mustered in, The Secretary of War is hereby authorized to detail one or more of the employes of the War Department for the pi of administering tho oaths required by law in the sotdement of officers’ accounts for clothing, camp and garrison equi , qnartermasters’ stores: ordinance, which oaths shall be administered without expense to the parties Lon py shall be a8 binding upon the taking the same ; and if falsely taken shall subject to the same ities as if the same were admin- istered by a rate OF e Actit asaistant sui sur and surgeons ai commissioners on the enrolling Boards, while in the mili- tary service of the shall hereafter be ex. omgs from ol) Nail to be drafted under the provisions of any sot and calling out the national ‘This act in effect. Nothing therein is to eperate sebarmaig wtb ea rat wu | words. | they all walked awa; THE REBEL ARMIES, RAPID DEPLETION BY DESERTIONS. LEE’S VETERANS DISGUSTED. The Soldiers Proclaim the Con- federacy “Gone Up.” The Rebel General Longstreet Pro- poses to Exchange Deserters. Our Correspondence on the Subject from All Parts of the Scene of War, One of the surest signs of the hastening end of the rebel cause is made visible in the rapid depletion and dis- imtegration of its armies by desertions, and the moral effect upon the troops that remain. The harmony of thought and action which seemingly characterized at least the earlier period of the rebellion has been merely tho result of stern discipline and fear. The cause has never been without a disproportionate numbor of deser- tions; but by rigid and prompt punishment by their off- cors its increase was greatly checked. The past year, however, has presented a different picture. Lieutenant General Grant estimates the desertions alone from the enemy since May, 1864, at seventeen thousand. This was durfng a year of activity when rapid marches and frequent battles had the effect of infusing en- thusiasm and hope into even the lukewarm and de- sponding. They now, however, find themselves in- finitely worse of despite their desperation. The tight grasp Licutonant General Grant has maintained upon Richmond; the fall of Atlanta, almost immediately fol- lowed by the capture of Savannah and the annihilation of Hood in Tennosseo; the cléaning out of the valley of the Shenandoah; the destruction of the salt works of Southwestern Virginia; the capture of the defences of Cape Fear river and Wilmington itself; the occupation of Charleston; the possossion or control of the entire Atlantic and Gulf coast to New Orleans; Sherman's glo- rious march of conquest and subjugation, and other im- pending and co-operating campaigns, east, west and south, have, particularly recently, had a very anti-belli- cose effect upon the rank and file of the rebel armies. Next to a decisive defeat, nothing so weakens the morale of an army as constant retreat; and, unless the organization is most perfect, no.troops will, under such circumstances, long hold togeth The multi- tude of severe reverses the enemy has sustained during the past year proves this; but what we have already seen is but a fraction of the dropping away of indi- vidual soldiers, squads and companies, which will inevita- bly ensue in far greater numbers in the prosent tendency of things. “We may not be surprised if before long we hear of desertions by battalions, by regiments and per- haps by brigades. The enemy is now so busy looking after his lines of retreat, lines of communication and lines of supplies, that ie has little tithe to preserve and enforce discipline. As soon as the men learn this with more certainty we will see greater results, Ta order to show the increasing prevalence of deser- tions we publish below a small number of extracts from our recent correspondence from all points of the theatre of war. DESERTIONS FROM THE RKBFL ARMIN AY RICHMOND AND &. PETHREBORG. Our City Point correspondence of February 26 says:— ‘The past week has been one of unusual interest and anxiety inthearmy. The robel desertions to our lines have been large enough to excite the astonishment of everyone. All that the rebel soldiors wore uni. ‘vorsally discouraged and disheartened by Sherman's su cesses in South Carolina, and all bore unanimous tea’ mony to the privations and sufferings endured by the troops defending Richmond aud Petersburg. During the winter a large proportion of the desarters came into our lines north of the James river; but for a month the preponderance has been largoly in favor of the Petersburg front. On Friday the total received numbered one hundred and ninety. Yesterday ninety- seven came into General Meade’s lines, and thirty into General Ord’s, Among the former wero many South ns. Instances of the good effect of General Grant's order promising employment and pay for horses and mules brought, to such as relly devert from tho rebel sérvice, are frequent and striking. During a recent trip of the rebe! fac of truce boat used to carry our prisoners from Richmond to Aiken's Landing, the sorgeant of the guard told one of our pris- oners confidontiaily that his own company had concluded to desert, and that before ten days two-thirds of them would be with us and the balance at home. | Day before yestoriay a deserter came into Goneral us ag an exchanged prisoner but three days before. Yesterday a squad came in who stated that they dis- cussed deserting, owt in front on some duty, in the pre- sence of a lientenant commanding, and watched his countenance narrowly to observe the efiect of their He grinned occasionally, and when they made a faint of starting significantly shut his eyes. ‘Thereupon deliberately, and art expect the Netitenant daily. Thus it Such demoralization was never known in an army before. A special correspontent at the headquarters of the Army of the Potomac, near Petersburg, in a fetter dated March 6, states :— During the last two or three nights the weather has | bean beautifully clear and the moon umstances have somewha rtion that of late northward, But this fact a defeat the eiloris of the refugees to elude the nee of thoir guards, More thana dozen deserters came into our lines | yesterday and daring the night. They report that a large body of thetr quondam comrades are only awaiting more auspicious weather to follow their example, From the sine headquarters, under date of March 3, we learn — | Deserters continue to come inte onr lines in large num | bere, fifty-six heving arrived to-day, nearly all bringing their guns and equipments with them, for which they are to be paid. The nuimber of muskets received from deserters since February 22 is two hundred and forty, ali of them in good condition. Our correspondent with the Second corps, under date of February 28, says:— Among the dessrters whocame into our lines last even- ing was an officer—a first lieutenant. He fully cohfirmned the worst stories of the demoralizetion of the rebel army, and expressed the opinion that should the two armies remain in the same position Which they now oecupy for three months longer, and without firing a shot, the days of the confederacy would be ended from its incapacity in obiaining supplies and the discouragement and desertion of the men. He took the oath of allegiance and will be sent North. ‘The same says in a letter of March 2:— The dark nights are very favorable for the deserters from the rebel ranks, fifteen of whom reached these headquarters prior to nine o'clock this evening, while occasional shots on the picket line, heard ax I write, in dicate that others are performing the perilous journey. Our picket linet are but @ short distance from the ene- my’’, oftentimes in plain sight; and yet itis diiticult for v persgn tinaccnstomed to sealng and conversing with deserters to appreciate the fortitude and dewwrmination required to travel from the one to the other. It is frequently made the subject of anxious thought for weeks prior to the attempt. Every opportunity is eagerly sovght to study and become acquainted with the porition of our, lines to prevent becoming be- wildered in the dark; and when at last the hour for the effort arrives, with stealthy step and anxious heart the deserter—weary of Aghting in a cause which he has come to beliove utterly , Weary of his rags and bie little ration of corn m moves past the vidette, the firet post of danger, and then on, stumbling throug: the black darkness, expecting each moment to hear the crack of the rifle and the whirof the ball; crouching behind a stump and straining his ear to catch the repe tition of x sonnd which has startled him; planging anon into some filthy, slimy |, with which the woods in this vicinity abound, and laying there in the dark, f1 ing water until satified that the noise from his attracted no attention, from habit and hope | pro. mised reward clinging to his musket and accoutrements through all—and #0 he moves on until, with » suddenness which causes his heart to leap to his throat, b Challenge which be bad forgotten to expec there?’ camp fre of hie old enomy, eating with no greater eager. oan. rofiered. im the never stinted Gouri detained a little time at the jon headquarters, to which later place the: That uneettled, nervous air which follows upon the from a great and wel! ap- preciated danger is observable in many deserters upon their arrival at the headquarters of the corps Our correspondent with the Fifth corps, under date of Mareh 1, says-— Deserters continue to come in, Their number is re f increasing. The pickets are doing a brisk business im ad mitting these refugees from a hopeless cause. Onr correspondent with the Sixth corps, under date of March 1, says:— Major Milne, Corps Provost Marshal, gave twelve re- 'y ness than has been rations of Uncle Sam picket lin coipts last jt, and received twelve deserters in ox change . From their statements it is apparent that Lee is firing the Southern hoart with alcobol. A ration of whiskey is mow served out every doy pigs & qgt into Weir heads, and the J com Ord’s Headquarters who had been sent tv Richmond by | menced cheering very Joudiy. We thought they had re- ceived some good news: but said that it was only bad a ar ae ‘The same, undor date of Maroh 2, says:— Forty-one men, from Finnegan's were icket have. jost arrived. The. taj aa oe @ Tenth regiment Fi uleers, brosght iu their arms and oquipmenta Meer 84 Our correspondent at the headquarters of the Army of the James, mentions a large number of deserters arriving at all parcs of that front. Ourecorrespondent with the Twenty-fifth corps, under date of March 1, speaking of rebel naval deserters, says: — Yesterday eight of the crew of the rebel iron-clad Vir- ee came ito our lines. This 'y escaped from the irginia in one of the boats, and landed above Fort Brady without having drawn the fire of a single rebei musket, ‘They are composed entirely of masters’ mates and other subordinate officers, and expressed themselves satistied that the rebellion was eflectually done for, although some of then admitted having signed strong war resolutions & Publication in the mond papers some days be- foro. Our correspondent st Fortress Monroe, under date of March 6, writes:— Deserters in large numbers are constantly passing here eM route to the Nonth. if si From Washington we learn that fourteen hundred de- mn Lee’ arm, had arrived in ton days, ARRIV! IN THE BHENANDOAR VALLEY. Our Winchester correspondent, under date of March 1, states: — Nine rebel cavalry soldiers (deserters), bringing their horses and equipments, came to our picket lines several days sinco and surrendered thomseltes. They were Learty-looking men, tolerably well clad and rode good horses. “Som wore conscripts, aud others were tired of 0 war, Four other rebel deserters have come within our lines, all telling the same story that they are tired of war, Joi. Davis and the bogus confederacy. ‘These men will all take tho oath of allegiance, and ‘will receive free trans- portation to any place in the Northorn States. Letters continually received from that region report desertions daily, Sheridan’s ride in the direction of Lynchburg will open the way to a large increase of this dumber. * THE DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH. Our correspondent at Newbern, under date of March 2, says:— A few days since almost an entire company of caval men came into our lines and surrender d themselves, expressing their willingness to take the oath, There wore sixty-one in all, including two lieutenants, and they brought with them their horses and all’ their equipments. — Thoy were of Captain Counsel’s compan in the Sixth North Carolina cavalry, Colonel Folke. They were all from the western part of ‘the State, where the regiment was raised, and they say that nearly the entire regiment would desert did they undevstand that they would not be f into our army upon reaching here. They had beer having pretty tough time of it, their rations having been redoced for each man to a third of a pound of pork and a pound of meal per day—not a par- ticle of anything else. They received for their horses, daily, fifteen eara of corn and a bundle of corn fodder, They had to furnish their own horses, and received no clothing from their government. At the same time their pay was only twenty-four dollars a month, of which they had not seen acent for six or eight months; and one month’s pay, if thoy had reeeived it, would have pur- chased only about two pounds of tobacco, They were utterly sick of the war, and they said so were the people almost universally in ths State of North Carolina. ‘They looked a3 happy as kings when they rode through our streets, and since then have been allowed to go al large. They were permitted to sell their horses, and received tor them from fifty dollars up to two hundred and fifty dol Jara each. General Gillmore, under date of February 26, states in an official report:— Deserters are coming in constantly. We bavegover four hundred already. Our correspondents at Charloston, Savannah and Key West; Fla, mention an increase in the number of desor- tions, t THE DRPARTMENT OF THE GULP. Our. Now Orleans correspondent writes, February The whole roving force of rebels from Jackson, Miss., to tho Gulf of Mexico, does not exceed fifteen hundred mon. They are poorly armed and aro daily de-«rting to.our lines. On Wednesday last one hundred and thirty Texan. rebels rode up to tho bank of tho Mississippi, opposite the gunboat Lafayette, nour the mouth of the Red river, aud surrendered themselves, horses and equipments. They said that they were entirely sick of the war, and had made up their minds to “quit.” ON THe MIMRSAPPL RIVER, From all points on the Mississippi river and its tri- Dutaries occupied by the national forces, we are in ro- coipt of igtelligence that provost marshals have thoir 25:— time almost wholly occupied in attending to soldiers and rofugees continually arriving within our lines. PROM GRNERAL THOMAS’ ARMY. Our correspondents with General Thomas’ army men- tiom that the samo inthe case in Tonnessee, Northern Mississippi, Alabama and Goorgia, and every train to the North conveys large numbers of theso refugees from the irksome rule they have so long endured. PROM SOUTHERN SOURCRS Asan evidence that the subject of desertions is not overlooked by the rebel commanders we take the follow ing from the Richmond Heaminer of March 7:— Tt ig stated that a few days ago General Longstrect communicated with the enemy under a tlag of truce, aud that the object of the communication was to effect an arrangement for the return of deserters on both sides. CONCLUSION. It ix observable from the extracts which we have given that the preponderance of desortions have beou, within the paat few months, from the rebel armiesat Richmond | and Petersburg. Leo's troops have always been acknowl. erged as the best disciplined, most efficient and most wartaly espoused in the rebel cause. The recent falling off of hia numbers by desertion must be a subject of deep concern to the rebel commander, and exert a power. | ful influence upon the moral tone of the whole South. | The most probgge cause of the fower num | bers of desertion’ along the fronts of the other urinies is accounted for in the fact that many miles intervene the main bodies of the opposing forces. stches, however, from Sherman speak of an im Our d mense influx of refugees from the ranks of the cnemy, allude to desortions by regiments rtions which we bave noted a: arriy ing within our lines are the least part of those sustained | by the enemy. It is known that the mountain region of | the Shenandoah valicy, Eaat Yonnesee, Northern aia and Alabama are fillod with deserters and refugees of all | etn The swamps of Arkansas and Tonisiona, the oyproes fastnesses and cancbrakes of Missisijypt, the overslades of Florida, the thickets of South Carolina, and the foresta of Nort! rolina, shelter thonaands of men who refuse further service in the cause of the federacy. Many of these men have resorted to guerilla | warfare, and prey equally upon friend or foe. To the North this is of a0 injury whatever, and though it require escorts in traversing the enemy's country, we are rially stronger in our general military operations, for the reason that every rebel soldier who deserts and | becomes a guerilla so much weakens the centralized power of the rebellion. be Arrival of Three Thow Released Prisoners at Annapolis. Bautimonn, March 10, 1866. Nine steamers arrived at Annapolis to-day, bringing about three thousand Union prisoners, most of t sad state of emsciation, and nearly destitute of Several died on the passage, and five dead were taken from one boat, Some fifteen hundred of the poor fellows had Yo go the hospital A large number of rebel prisoners passed through Bal. | timore to-day, to be exchanged, all in good health and | well clothed. Many of them had carpet bags full of | clothing. Personal Intellf ce. Ex-Vice President Harlin is staying at the Astor House Among the guests at the same hotel are Hon. D, ©, Little. john, Hon, D. C. Clarke, Manchester, N. H.; Hon. R. HY) Fell, Ulinot#; Hon. P. V. Kellog, Utica; Hon. J. D. Bald: | Worcester; Hon. ©. J. Talbot and lady, r Butterfleld and lady, Utica; Mayor Fargo, Buffalo. HL G. Loomis, Chicago; General James H. Lediie, U maker, Baltimore, Md. ; 6, Vibbard, Schenectady; Gen- Bon. Roewal Hart, Rochester; | ited States Army; M. Shor eral J, W. Phei Brattioboro, are among the arr! at the Hoffman House. City Intelligence. Tre Vorce or THe Peart on Heavrn.—The deplorabie amount of preventable sickness and mortality in our city, especially among the poorer classes, baving awakened the attention of the Christian and ph pic portion of the community to the importance of sani- tary improvemen, the following prominent br fae rop! different religions denominations, wil preach on the subject in their various re to-mor row:—Rev. Joseph P. Thompson, D. D., Bro ning; Rev. Thomas &. Vermi le, in the @ 5 DP tetirmed Dutch church, corner Fulton and Wil ham streota, in the mo ; Rev. John MeClintock, D. D., St. Paul's Meth Paincopt church, Fourth ave nue and Twenty second BK D. Smith, \ second street, near Ky avenue, in the ie ag ev. Thomas D. Andorson, D. D., First Baptiat church, Broome street, in the morning. j Hrvxordons,—Jamos Cogan, of 900 Washington street, was bitten on the 18th wjt., on the lip, by a dog. The wound healed, and no tion was ony bed it byte] day morning Ieet, when "a friends heeame alarta by exinb| vod ot hy! Jo was taken to Helle | High Holborn, London, | PARTLLA has 1 in the morning; | BD. D., Cholsea Presbyterian church, Twenty vue H |, Where ho died op Tuesday morning, efter mich av He was only thirteen yours of ag inquest was held by Coroner Gover, and # verdict in ac @rvance with the above facts ret —_ 5 a A ale of Seven-Phirts Piuuorurnrs, March 10, 1865 Jay Cooke reports °° Mle of veven-thirtios to-day at $4,521,200. The argon, Western subscription was $300,000 from Cleveland, am,’ “Ye largest from the Bast $1,000,000 trom Now York. This. Were three thousand one hundred and sixty-five individa. Subscriptions for sums under $100. x THE WEEKLY HERALD. ‘The Cheapest Newspaper and Best Fami- ty Literary Journal in the Country. The Weeniy Henaw, for the present week, will be on sale at ningo’clock this (Saturday) morning. Its contents will embrace a full report of the great National Celebration in this city on Monday; a very im- teresting description of the ceremonies attendant on the second inauguration of President Lincoln; an account of the grand Inauguration Ball held in Washington on Mon- day night; «complete Hist of the Acts, Resolutions, &c., Passed at the second session of the Thirty-eighth Con- Gress; Particulars of Sheridan's Victory over Early inthe Shenandoah Valley, resulting in the capture of forty rebel officers,thirteon hundred nen, eight cannon and over one hundred wagons, accompanied by a Map; the latest reports of the movements of General Sherman in South and North Carolina; the latest despatches from the Army of the Potomac, and reports of all other movements of the Union Forces; full particulars of the Disaster on the Camden and Amboy Railroad, by which nine persons were killed and over forty wounded; interesting news from Europe, Central and South America, Mexico, Cuba, &e.; Editorial articles on the leading topics of the day; Poetry; an interesting story, entitled “Surely Not,” Report of the Paris Fashions for March ; Facetiw; Literary, Artistic and Scientific Intelligence; Musical and Theatrical Review for the week; Varieties; Interesting Reading for Farmers and Acriculturists; Valuable Review of the Money, Commercial, Dry Goods; Boot and Shoe, Cattle, Horse and Family Markets, and reports of ail other interesting events of the week. Tm3s—One copy, ove year, $2; Three copies, $5; Five copies, $8; Tea copies, $15. Sivgle copies, in wrap pers, five cents each. A limited number of advertise- ments will be inserted in the Wexmuy Herat. A Fragrant Breath and Pearly Teeth are easily attained, and those whi i} to avail tif®mselves of the means should not con acoused of gross neglect. SOZODONT will speedily eradicate the cause 0: a foul th, bemutifying and preserving the ede oldest 6 ‘Bold by all Druggists, Royal Havana Lottery.—Prizes Cashed in gold. information furnished.” Highest rages "pasd @ar Do ubioons wud all kinds of Gold and Silver. ; TAYLOR & CO., Bunkers, 16 Wall street. in al! Legalized Lotteries, Drawings Prizes Cashe and information g . . N ‘T FINE ART: 10 THe ED:TOr OF THK Xxw Youd HERALD, Respecting the relics of porcelain ware found in the late exhumations at Herenlaneum, whieh have been forwarded to the Soviety of Antiquities In London, whereof your cor: «the bottle resembling DRAKE'S = veapon NTA TION BITTE: undoubtedly placed among the ruins by the agent of Dr. Drake, we desire to state that he is incorreet in every respect. If a’ bottle was found there bearing our lettering, toe innguage of the ancient Romans was diflerent from the iterature of that day. Our agent has other business than this rope, and has not been in Italy at a No doubt Americ Plantation Bitters to Rome; but trying to impose society of antiquarians im this way seems quite useless, and we do not appreciate the joke, Tt is unnecessary for us to spend money in Bui wile we are whable to supply the demand for thewe brated Bitters here. Respectfully, pect’ pH. DRAKE & 00. A Silent Sewing Mach WILLUOX & GIBBa, A.—Rushton'’s (F. V.) 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