The New York Herald Newspaper, March 10, 1865, Page 1

MD, SS "WHOLE NO. 10,420. = MEXICO fi a HIGHLY IMPORTANT NEWS. Tho Capture of Oajaca by the Imperial Army, Garrender of the Garrison of Five Thousand Men at Discretion, with All Their Munitions ef War. General Porfirio Diaz Submits .to the Empire. @ontinued Arrival of Austrian * and Belgian Troops. Defeat and Capture of the Liberal Armies at Jalisco, Toluca and Zacatlan. Generals Rojas and Romero Taken Prisoners and the Former Killed, Organization of the Mexican National Army. “The Empire Divided Into Seven Military Departments. POSITION OF JUAREZ AT CHIHUAHUA, Arrival of the British Minister, and His Reception by the Imperial Court. ARRIVAL OF PIERRE SOULE AT THE CAPITAL. olebration of Washington's Birthday by Ioyal Americans in Mexico, ae, Key ke. Our City of Mexico Correspondence. Ciry or Mexico, Feb. 19, 1866, Decidedly the event of the year, thus far, has been (He capture of Oajaca, with its entire garrison, consisting @eome five thousand men, by the French army under Marshal Bazaine. The Franco-Mexican press is daily re- eeiving the details, which are sent by courier to Puebla, and despatched thence by telegraph to the capital. In ‘wy recent letters to the Heratp this was predicted, but ven the most sanguine adberents of the empize were not prepared for 20 complete and speedy 4 result, which as @ffectually ends the war in the southern portion of Mexico as the surrender of Richmond would in Virginia. Im fact, Oajaca was the only remaining stronghold of ‘the Juares forces, and in that respect may be considered ee having been the Richmond of Mexico. In estimating Be importance of this event, it is necessary to take into @onsideration the smal) amount of military force employ- e4 on both sides, compared with the great struggle in the United States, and that the capture of the liberal citadel @fBouthern Mexico, with five thousand men, cannon and ‘Material of war, together with Porfirio Diaz, the princi- pal Juarist general, weighs as heavily against the liberals pa ten times that force would in the United States. The (lege of Oajaca, if such it may be called, lasted but a day from the time of the arrival of Basaine and the com- mencement of his plans for its reduction. The campaign ‘will new probably be followed up with the view of passing @eroas the Ftates of Oajaca and Pucbla into Guerrero, ‘whieh new lies evidently at the mercy of the French, and may be approached from the eastward in fewer days ‘than % would have required months to have reached from Mexico direct. The best military judges here con- ider the work of pacification in Central and Southern ‘Mexioo aa an accomplished fact. Henceforth the liberals ‘@menly hope to make front in the northern depart- Mente, and there the scarcity of population will enable ‘them to collect only scattered bands led by one and an- ‘ther petty chieftain, against whom the imperial govern- ‘went, relieved of the burden of Gajaca, can now turn ite andivided strength. SUCCESS OF THE IMPERIAL ARMs, ‘The news from other parts of the empire are equally favorable to Maximilian. The noted guerilla chiefs Rojas and Romero, have both been defeated, and their fwoops captured. Add to this the defeat of Gutierrez at Ban Joronimo, a few weeks since, and the capture last ‘week of Zacatlan, with its entire garrison and munitions of war, and it will appear that the moral of success is @ecidedly with the imperial forces, whieh are now being largely reinforced by the continual arrival of Austrian and Belgian troeps, who are marched at once into the ia- terior from Vera Cras. ? DEFEAT OF THR FRENCH TROOPS On the other hand the liberals have met with ade @ided success in Sinaloa, where the French troops, march- mg toland from the vicinty of Mazathn, were surprived ‘and routed, with a severe loss in killed and wounded, Where are now in Sinaloa, counting thore that have been Sent thither from the southern and central departments @fthe empire within six weeks, about three thousand Smaperial troope—seventeon hundred, under command of General Castagny, en route for Yowora, and thirteen andred, under General Garnier, to remain in Sinaloa, The march of Garnier towards Cullacan was opposed by General Rubi a few weeks sinco—where the latter had rected ‘some formidable earthworks in a pass in the mountains—between Durango and Sinaloa. Garnier, after @ short but desperate fight, carried the place and took a Iarge number of prisoner. Meantime Juarez is making Chihuahua his head quarters, where, with » small force and his ‘‘cabinct,”’ behas established his temporary seat of government, bering with him all the national archives which he took from the palace in his fight from Mexico, at the entrance of the French in the spring of 1963, It ix stated here ‘that a large quantity of arms and ammunition had been seized by the Custom House authorities at San Francisco, on board a schooner bound to Sonora, destined to supply bie forces, and that the non-arrival of these had greatly discouraged Juarez and his party. The story, howover. $a probably another version of the seigure of muskets on Doard one of the San Francisco and Mexican steamships more than a year ago. For five or six months, until quite recently, the gene. Fal course of events had been unfavorable to the French; Dat, within a few weeks, owing to the more Judicious Gisposition of the imperial forces, the adoption of some north. An whprejudiced view of events for the last six weeks and an intelligent observation of what is now going on must convince any ‘‘outsider” that the empire is becoming every day more firmly established, as far as the internal affairs of Mexico are concerned, while its re- lations with all the European Powers are growing more intimate, At the same time some of the most determined guerilla chieftains have voluntarily laid down their arms and offered their submission to the government, con- ‘vVinced, like ex-Senator Foote, that it Was all up with ‘heir party, and that discretion was the better part of valor. Besides the able General Romero, already men- tioned, there are also Generals Cuellar and Gonzales, both prominent leaders of formidable bands in the tierras callientes, on the Gulf coast, who appeared before the prefecture of Orizaba « few days since, giving in their adhesion to the empire and requesting safe conduct to Mexico, IDUN DELEGATION. terior Yucatan and Campeschy, arrived at Vera and ducted at plat Sone S Te ee addresses were in genuine style of EI E seaport oth sides of the v4 on of senelon’ of the imperial forces, exce} ii pting Acapulco which the troops were withdrawn a fow weeks since to ent the army of Sonora end Sinaloa. The fall of Saftca pl Acapulco and the entire Pacific from Tehuant up, im the imperial power. The jon by sea rt to port. @ Liberals possess no manu- factures of der or arms; their supply of war material fs constantly decreasing by si ve captures, while that of the Empire is constautly mnting. Then, too, the de) ization, t dot , begotten of al seizing on the liberals, whose now virtually confined to a system of guerilla warfare, which, at best, can only be prolonged a few monthe. Max?milian will then be at liberty to direct his attention to forwarding the important public works he has thus far ‘all means in his power. These are, in brief, the actual facts as to the situation of affairs in Mexico. To support them I mi fill your columns with details such as come to the knowledge of every wi spectator, but the true state of the case ie ose writers who, for the sake of leaeing American pre- judice in the required direction, exaggerate amall reverses and belittle important truths, serve only to deceive the jblic as to what is transpiring in this country. For the lar correspondent in Mexico one of your les revently published some ‘jmportant ial intelli e” which rather astonished such as could read English in these rogions and got a sight at the paper in question By that account the city of Mo- relia, about eight hours’ ride from here, had been as- saulted and taken by storm by the lberais, several other equally important places captured, and the whole impe- rial fabric tumbling to pieces, The Archbishop and the Pope’s Nuncio, according to this veracious correspond- ence, bad packed their trunks and sailed in disgust for poi ow and the very deuce was to pay only has generally. Not Morelia not been taken, but no attempt of the kind has been made. Not a ghost of a liberal force has been near Morelia for months, while the Archbishop and Pope’s Nancio are quietly smoking their cigaritos and en- joying themselves after the most approved Mexican fash- jon, at least they were, a few evenings since, ata ball given by General Almonte to some of the foreign’ visitors at the capital. The liberals in Mexico, writing to their friends in the United States, often state for facts what are merely” surmises or rifhors of the moment, and ag anything from here in the shape of news appears to be acceptable some of the press gre not sways scrupulous about the author- ity whence they obtain it, ‘TRY MKXICAN ARMY. Within a few days the official press has published from the War Department the ation of the na- tonal army of Mexico. this anny, which in all branches of service is to comprise thirty thousand men, the Emperor reserves su- preme command: The empire is divided into seven mili- tary divisions. There isa special Guard Palatine anda om de Gendarmerie, The infantry (Chasseurs @ pic te ivided into priciglig~ oppeonel ‘he cavalry consists ix iments, each of four sq i twelve i Bie cheat ean eae Artillery in six batteries, and a equadron (éraia d'artt- Lrie). "An artillery school ts established, with professors, and foundries and arsenals are to be erected under the Pipes cmos oF directors. This is the outline of the new military system. The whole pera near omer ig tails, occupy too large @ space for pul The Foor pee tyme Noe inte fa to be governed by the nch code mi , may jus summed up:— % Généraux. ad 40 Officers d'etat major. Gendarmerie, Infanterie, 17,600 hommes. Cavalerie, 4740 RomnMCe Com| jiales, Ommes. ‘Aruterie, 2,604 hommes.” 2 Genie, 834 hommes. Troupes d’adiministration, 830. <eForming © total of 30,644 men, exclasive of officers. This force may be reduced to a peace footing of 22,374 men. ‘The Gendarmerie is organized under a special decree, ‘and is tended to secure tranquillity throughout the country and the prompt execution of the laws. The fol- — are the salaries of the officers and men in this jexion :— Colonel, per annum. . $2,' Lieutenant colonel. Capitaine. . Lieutenant it — . bere rgent & pied... Caporal & cheval Caporal & pied. . us lieutenant, Gendarme a cheval... . oe Gendarme a pied,... 7 ‘is Organization of an imperial army for Mexico has occupted the attention of the government for sever months, It is adopted, asa glatiCe a} the above resume will show, to the peculiarities of Mexican topography and climate and focal circumstances, The training of the in- fantry is conducted with special reference to the peculiar style of mountein fighting—guérilla warfare—which invest generally charterize military operations in the interior or Mexico. The exact proportion of Enropean troops in this body cannot be arceriainad, as the contingent» from Austria ond Belgium have been increased from the origi- @al number; but tt is stated, on the best military au- thority, that Austria furnishés not less than cieven thousand men aad Belgium four thousand. The French amount at present to about twenty thousand; but it has been some time decided that these shail be recalled to France as soon as the country has become sufficiently pacified to admit of their being withdrawn—a point which, it is thought, the government is now fast attain- ing. ¢ proportion of Mexican to European troops then will be about as two to one—the higher grades of officers being of course Europeans. It is thought that the Em- peror will never suffecntly win over tho natives to sgeese his government to trust them with import ant = commands or to ace Dative officers over “any considerable body of Mex jeans; but with @ strong, firm hand, and @ continuance of the policy he has adopted thus far, there can be little ques. tion of hi success. He is making friends everywhere, and showing a capacity and energy of character which command Texpect and “point him out as a natural wader. ‘The Austrian and Belgian troops are volunteers for the Mexican service for a tert of six years. ‘They have spe cial privileges over other ¢oldiers of their own countries, and are allowed at the close of their term a cortain amount of government land, the policy of which is not only to tempt good men into the adventure, but it offers an inducement for them to romain as perinanent settlers. The Mexican service has been so popular among olficers of the Austrian army, partly from a personal regard for the young Emperor, and partly from the romance of the thirig—“Halls of the Moutezimar,” and all that—that when volunteers were called for from among them neacly a half of the entire body offered themselves, and it be came necessary to elect, Among the Austran and Bel- gian offfcers who have recently arrived here are any amount of titled and aristocratic sprigs of nobility, some of them heirs to immense. wealth and others poor as church mice, but ail filled with a genuine zeal for the novel scenes they have enter d npon, and all devoted to their pet, the former Archduke of Austria, whose repu- tation as'a dashing, courageous, free hearted gentleman gave him ia earlier days a sort'of Prince Hal character, Which always takes with the maxsos in Europe, when allied to good sen and goneroeity of epirit. r The French soldiers, od the whole, appear to bettor advantage here than tho Awstrian and Belfian, exceptin the cavalry, in which the Austrian legion’ excels al others from Europe. But the French look moré like genuine campaigners than the -others. Perhaps. ond reason is that the Zouaves, Who compose most br the force mm Mexico, are the peek of the Brench army, tut have beeu acclimated im Africa, while the. other hint neon leas active service. The 'mectings of the French Gud Austrians in the streets and ¢1fés Is Fometimos a tittic awkward, owing to certain rem| ~ inisceners of Bolfer\ and Mogenta not always very agreeable t no particularly if the French, as is the ence eae bats, here, happen to be decorated with medals comme famous victories, ‘SUll they harmoulze pretty well, cee to the strict military regulations enforo toilian is anxious to ent loose fru yg ‘and be emperor of his own dominions, and the the time od, but Maxi om France a8 goon as and uniform will be seen no more here fi that the country has been brought to @ reason State of pacification. The fall of Onjaca, itis though + new features in conducting guerilia warfare, and the con. Py to Whtiner the Oarne tao its fades tx hn a simmation of plans which it required mouths to carry | @ well as the Freuch have done buen ‘ofthem as, wee Snto effect, the tide has changed, until Fronch sueceses | (@K°M part in the campaigns'in Sonora, Sinalo have form the burden of news from all points, General Por. | thereman® Severus sen eatery ee rio Diaz and his officers, lately captured at Oajaca, | Sem ts the Emperor's Guard, composed, of are ever have slfeady intimated their desire to give in | Among the acera ernivele at Vera Cran was Germans their adhension formally to the government, iry are cepsciaily ‘requires Deine andstwhere and there now romain only a ghost of‘ an | able looking fellows of all who hove te aout fomark pemy wnder Alvarez andl the few ill-eup in this strange war are the Arabs, of wh- Aked to Mexico supmied | mont, brought from the burnin hol troops attached t Juoras himeelf in the fax | #lationed at different ‘ooloes fo ae. ‘wd a oF Africa, or te I wr ty well, owing | t are ‘owrer-ent of Vere a NEW YORK, FRIDAY, MARCH 10, 1865. Cruz. These are the genuir call them, and. they str ,~¢ Turcos, as the natives Siete tattoos ne, e healthful dfead of ole béén French zouaves have required two or ly wi the Mexican style wi , they have at last come to well, though not with the po ve soldiery, and thus refers to formidable in its discipline and courage, nam ere Peak of fanting. Their aot hatsled by the ardor of eur sun andthe impracticable ta- of our country. After marching ‘unumerable leagues to encounter thelr enemy, they, may “only meet death on the brink of some precipice, or, if fortune favors them, they ob- tain an insignificant victory, yielding them ne(ther honor nor advan’ The Me: rilleros, on the con are they Beet aud’ Banger Gi’ Gar wits of An¢ My Ll at ol any tree affords tl "Frou RO discipli j lie Pretty worhan, ives for the dai and vations to which them, The French” toigiet eit ea pee ‘which dghts only PetAlea: The deep lg reigance tance ‘ bas éncountered in ro of cam- fi arthians. Thefr disci Inst those active ene- retreati war turns ‘in which. they rendered Roman arm; inthe 1d, in f oun ar Ben aga yA ca witeh the Prenth 5 ts ne les, who, alternately attacking into a multitude of aingle combat eaten the splendid qualities of Never- heless, the French have gone through this style ot warfare Balai tet te ura forces of the gunk Probe ga res of country, ‘organ. ized, should now be able to complete ‘he work of Pecthcation, ‘This comparison of the French to the Roman legions is in some respects just, but by long and continual practice they have at last become quite equal to the Mexicans in these hand to hand contests in the mountain defiles and ravines; so that however strongly the guerillas may have lastr themselves, or in however apparently inaccessi localities, the zouaves scramble up like cata, and seldom fail to capture the place, and oftentimes the whole gar- SUPREMACY OF THE LAW. ° The law has never been executed in Mexico with more promptness than since the establishment of the empire. Although the Juarist troops taken in battle are treated as prisoners of war, the mountain robbers who prey alike upon all parties, sexes and c! are most rend disposed of. Hardly a day passes but some of these fel- lows are tried at drumhead court martial and shot, They correspond to the bushwhackers of Missouri and Arken- ae but their shrift is generally much shorter than the United States authorities accord to the last mentioned robbers and cutthroats. These Mexican bandits live by pillage, sometimes intercepting the lines of diligences and stripping the passengers, at others sacking haciendas and carrying into the mountains the women as well as the live stock, and again acting as footpads along the highways and mountain passes. Anything suits them but work, and rather than perform any kind of labor they prefer the risk of capture and death. As long as the ed story of it ogee oe coer revolutions was in practice they managed to eke out a tolerably jovial life joining either army and dividing the plunder; but the establishment of the empire, unfortunately for them, has deprived them of this resource, and the highway is their only refuge, next to labor, for which every opportunity is offered to all who wish it, im repairing the Toads, but which they refuse with high disdain. A dozen instances are before me in as many F: and Spanish news- papers. At Mixcalco recently four robbers were tried, condemned and shot in two devs; at Guadalajara, two; at Tetela, a noted highwayman, named Nobor lista ; Al in Sie, Jesus Vasquez and Pancho ta desperate and daring Lager ens named Cuellar, whose hair- breadth escapes bloody adventures would furnish material for @ doten cheap literature establishments in Nassau strect; and soon to the end of the chapter. Eight were thus summarily sent to their final account here 1m Mexico last-week. As soon as sentence ia they marched out and shot without delay. T! execu- are tions are having s good effect, and are sensibly dimin- ietadheuanenas enamine i THE COLLECTION OF DUTIRS. The following letter in relation to the collection of duties at Gi directed to the collector of that city, may be of service to traders on the Pacifie coast. It appears pe — reclamations Ves been — merchant juadalajara agatnst t e government he recovery of double duties, collected some of the Pacific ports were in the hams of the liberals Mux100, Jan. 14, deen called ton recent issue of the relative to import duties levied upon from Colima, I will tfrom the moment a comes of the tober st paints whither th tre destined, the tmport at the points w! ‘may duty th ay May ode proceed: rom occupied ‘subject only tothe usual custome establisties by the general testi an is practised relative to merchandise coming from ports Which have recognized the empire, ‘You will be guided by this rule, not only for the already My attention havi Mercurio of Guadala Dut also in such cases as ma; have ‘occurred, making tions on duties collected contrary # the sense or tion. babs CASTILLO, Assistant Secretary of Finance. 4 TRIUMPHAL RNTRY. Since writing the above Genera) Romero has arrived in Mexico, making @ sort of Roman triumph for the con- uero] He was decidedly the ‘“dustiest” looking war- that one could well imagine. Seated on a pack mule, dressed in slouched hat and dirty clothing, and bent over in his saddl> as if wearied with his journey, he entered by the way of Tacubaya, escorted by a com: pany of Belg'ans and followed by some two hundred Tagged and jaded Mexicans, prisoners like himself. the troop passed the Alemada the Austrian band was playing some stirring selection from IL toa multitude of the fashion and él'te of Mexico, who air themselves and their finery there every other morning. The crowd, hearing the noise of bugles and drums, de- serted the Italian opera for the more practical affair which was passing In the street, and the bedraggled pro- cession marched by anid. profound silen% only broken at intervais by the roll of drums and scream of bugles. The Bra Nouvelle was out yesterday with an editorial advising the immediate execution of Romero; but as he has in several instances been more than merciful to captured French when fortune favored him, he will, doubth ss, be sent out of the coun! ‘The only ground upon which he could be executed is a proclamation issued by the Emperor several months to the effect that time enough had been allowed the factioniata to lay down their arms and b-come peaceable citizens, and that from # given date ail persons taken in arms against the gov ernment would be treated as bandits and robbers, Tt is not, however, generally bolieved that the letter of this edict will be enforced. THY CAPTIVE DIAZ. Porfirio Diaz is expected here to-morrow from Onjaca. To so distinguished a captive it is popularly expected clemency will be shown. But whore the line between clemency and military rigor will be finally drawn is not known, ‘THE BREMEN ENVOY. A few days ago the Honorable Peter Campbell Scar- tt, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary treat Britain to the Mexican cmpire, presentec his tials to Maximilian, at the palace, in this city, I felicttations passed, and the letters from Queen Victoria to the Emperor and Empress are published in the daily papers. Mr. Scarlett has filled a number of important diplomatic stations representing Great Britain near European coarta, and evidently to the satia€action of the Queen, for she says in her letter to the Kutperor:—"From the large experience which I have of the capwcity of Mr. Scarlet id of his zeal in m: rervice, I am persuaded that he will discharge the teapor!. ant duties of bis mission in i @ manner as to win the estimation and “onfidence of your imperial Majesty and justify my selection of him to reside at your court.) ‘THR CANARD® ABOUT THR CRPRON OF BONORS Capiain Beauregard, brother of the re asked through here rece! 2 einer lavana for sonora, Tt appoirs the” Fived-there, and me, p\gaao? ~- the Captain hag ar martable mane ae manifest in a ratbor re cojved in ©. a? & judge from the absurd news re thenve te Fa] Frane isco from Mazatian and telegraphed due cour at Yok. That vows has reacly.d Mexico in Jahed than «il, and probably no ong is more aston geNeroue #-ximilian to bear that be bas sliced off so accent 2 allowance of his empire to suit the Franco Cxiraors’ #elate. Heauregard is reported im this that p mary batch of news to have stated Califor 2¢ imperial government had sold Lower the” Si, Sonora, Sinaloa, Chihuahua and Durango to Frey french government to pay tho expenses of the har 2h expedition to Mexico, and that ex-Senator Gwin 1 been made generalissina and governor of this duable domain. The facts farnished in my inet letters @ the Henraro, and in others which are to ( upact all this nonsense. News does not travel as repidly b, moles and conductas a8 by #team and clectricity, w hich accounts for your correspondence of January last from this city, with the intelligence of Gwin's discomfture and hasty departure from Mexico, reaching New York before it did California, The English brig Simeon has arrived at Vera Cruz, with rails and material for the Mexico and Chaleo Iai! road, the work upon which is to be immediately com- menced, vel general, «en route from PIFRRE SOULR TURNE UP. Pierre Soulé has just arrived here from Havana, whiter he went som» three months ago to bring back to Mexico one or mor lady relatives who had been expelied from New Orleans for certain violations of military laws exist Our Havana Correspondence. Havana, March 4, 1865. SOME DETAILS OF THE LATS IMPERIAL SUOCRSSRS—OUBRILLA wan. ‘The Spanish mail has not brought the expected details session. 1 h@ve the honor to offer my congraulations to your Majesty.” ‘My own impression is that there was po fight—that the French opened a severe fre on the city, quickly destroy- ing © portion of it, and Diaz, finding that his troops ‘would not fight, saw no prospect but flight or uncond!- tional surrender. It is said he did both; but did not suc- Ceedin the foumer, having the misfortune to fall into his It is not known positively that he was shot, as first reported. Private despatches from Etla, dated after the surrender, state that he was o prisoner, and that he had gone to Bazaine’s headquarters to surrender his sword to that distinguished officer, which would imply not only that he had not been shot, but that he had made no attempt to escape. I venture to assert that neither he nor any of his officers has been shot—simply because he was 8 regu- larly commissioned officer in the service of the republican government, and commanded what may be considered a regulararmy. The French have no legal right to con- unfortunately for themselves, deserted to Dias, in conse- quence of certain promises made in a printed circular which found its way into the French camp, were shot as s00n a8 found. This may have given rise to the report that Dias had been executed. Tt is supposed that the fall of Oajaca will insure the pacification not only of the State of that name, but also those of Puebla and Vera Cruz, and the recovery of Chiapas and Tabasco." DRATH OF ROJAS, ‘We have some details of the defeat and death of the famous Rojas, which I will give you in a few words:—On the 28th of January an infantry company, under the com- mand of a Captain Berthelin, together wit! fy mounted men, under Captain Miranda, surp e camp of Rojas at Potrerillos, in the southern part of Jalisco, and scattered his astonished troops to the four winds, Killing about sixty, among whom was Rojas. The sur- prise must have been complete, since there were eight wundred men in the camp—three hundred infantry and -five hundred cavalry, Four hundred houses were cap- tured, one hundred mules and a large quantity of mus- kets, lances, ammunition, clothing and stores, Rojas was aman more remarkable for his cruelty than any- - thing else, and a few months ago br sidels 4 escaped death at the hands of Arteaga, at that time his commanding officer, for atrocities which are too shocking for descrip- tion, His death is therefore a great blessing to the poor people of Jalisco and those on the borders of Zaca- tecas, Michoacan-and Aguascalientes, to whom he was a scourge and a terror, ‘TRE FATE OF ANOTURR GUERILLA. Romero, another guerilla leader, whose recent capture L reported to you, is one pretty much of the same stamp, though not so bad as Rojas. His late atrocities, how- ever, at Matepec, of which I gave you some account at the time, determined the imperial authorities to hunt him down. His operations were carried on between Toluca and Morelia, in Michoacan, and he commanded a party. Hearing of the plot against his life and liberty, a plot which consisted in simply hemming him in between superior Tapidly, towards the close of January, considered he till he reached Apaizingan, where he himeelf safe for a while, having marched twenty es with his men the previous day, a feat which he cht would place him beyond the reach of his J he was mistaken. On the lst of January he was completely surprised in his camp, where two hundred of h's men were slain, and he, with a hun- dred and sixty others, captured. dt is sald he was found concealed in the of a tamarind into which one of the victors pursued a tei chicken. The official a docs not state that he was wounticd. He was fi SS where be is to be tried a court not gtve much for his fe, if he is one of those who signed the ‘Instructions, ”” lendez, the guerilla leader who attacked and destroyed the town of in Nuevo Leon, was attacked and routed a few days later by Colonel Gayon, who captured over two hundred horses and a quantity of arms and am- munition. But the men escaj again in afew days. Marshal Bazaine ought to punish any officer who loses bis time capturing horses and mules, LATEST FROM MAZATLAN, ‘The latest dates frem Mazatlan are to January 17, and the news represents things as favorable to the bog | cause. oo owes rte i sone thousand lem err t cf ved recently from Durango, under General Caatagny and Colonel Garnier, who were goon to take the field aguin, seventeen ‘hundred moving under Castagny into Sonora, and the remainder to operate in ‘Sinaloa. In addit those troops, there was also at Mazatlan a force of about twelve hundred sailors of the navy, armed as infant + th hermes ge that Frenet: Fee left at sora y Genesal Castagny, and subsequently overpower captured and sent to fan Sebastian, were murdered by the populace at the latter place. The commander of the steamer Lucifer, aud those made prisoners with him at ‘an Pedro, have b:en more fortunate, since they are well treated and allowed to move about on parole. When General Rong sf was making his way from Dui 0 © Mazatlan, met with serious opposition from the guerillas under Corona, and at the pass called the ‘ 's backbone” had a severe fight, in whieh, though victorious, he lost a convoy of two hundr mules, and one of his best officers, the Count de Montarby, major in the Chasseurs d'Afrique, whose body was carried to Mazatlan in order to be sent to France’ During the whole of this extremely arduous march the troups were constantly ex to attacks from the guerillas who followed and them till they were within the very town of Mazatlan. The imperialist force at that point is to be immediately largely increased, and a cam- ign prosecuted against the guerillas, till Sonora and ‘inaloa are both cleared, THE HIGHT BRIWHEN THE REGULANA AND GUBRILLAS, To fact the war is now reduc to the operations of guerillas on one side and a regular army on the other; but the guerillas do not represent more than a portion of’ the people, for I still insist that « large majority of the Mexi- cans have shown themselves favorable to the imperial cause, If the case were otherwise, if there were unani- mity of feeling in the country, 1 do not think the regular army could succeed against the guerillas, THE GOVERNMENT To AS*UM 1B PATKONAGE OF THE enon Up to the last dates from the capital, the important laws in regard to public worship had’ not been made known, though momentarily expected. No doubt the Yoleration principle will triamph, and in regard to the Catholic Church it is eupposed the imperial government will reserve to itself all patronage. Almonte gave a banquet to the Nuncio, which was attended by all the big wigs as a matter of course. STAMILITY OF THY MEXICAN EMPIRE, As I write preparations are making at Washington to administer the onth and inaugurate Abraham Lincoln for asecond term of the Presidency of the United States, The whole American world will hang upon his lips to-day; for in regard to Mexico, at least, the words which he may utter bring peace or war just aa surely as did those he uttered four years ago. If the Mexican empire be not recognized, look out for trouble. There is no use in endeavoring to cover up or conceal the fact that Maxi milian Is firmly fixed whero he is, and that a large por- tion, in fact a majority, of the Mexican people are with him! For all this France must be paid iu somethin, folid; bat if you drive out Maximilian France has hind her pains for nothing—not a very pleasant reflectiva for her government, Ther fore, if Maximilian be threatened, depend upon it France will fight. A word to the wise, &ec. Coneerning the cession of Sonora I was the first to deny the tru of ib and I still deny that it has been 90 ue WM Be NEW ORLEANS. New Onueaxe, March 1, 1865. General Canby and staff leave bere to-day for the vicinity of Mobile. Acting Rear Admiral Thateher arrived here yesterday and to day axeumed command of the Weat Gulf squad. ron, vice Commodore Palmer, The latter officer will command the veesels left at New Orleans ‘The steamer Arizona, just fitted up asa flagship, was destroyed by fire thirty miles below here on Monday night. Five of the crew perished, and several of the officers lost all their effects, The Arizona was one of the finost vessels in the fleet, and her loes will be sovercly felt ‘The rebel General Assembly of Louj:iana adjourned on the 14th ultimo, after a three weeks session. Factories are to bo started at differont points in the State, and measares are to be taken to relieve the people of the exorbitant prices impoved on tho necessaries of hfe by speculators. A Will for the relief of itlegally diafranchised people has passed both houses of the Union State Legislature. Cotton is easier; sales of low middling at 700, a 7c. m<idiing at T4e, and striet middling at 75 Sugar ranges at 2te. a Qe New York Molagsee, $1 a gallon ing at that time, WAMHINOTON'® RIRTHDAY, The loyal Amoricans residing in Mexico, consisting, as far as is now known, of about forty, are preparing for a Vonsulaye on Wednesday arand dinner at the aL The Susquehanna River. ‘ Baramrore, March 9, 1865. Cotton freights to | EW YORK HERALD. SHERIDAN. His Expedition Up the She- nandoah Valley. The Battle and Victory Near Waynesboro. ° GENERAL EARLY NOT TAKEN. THE UNION LOSS TRIFLING. Cannon, Prisoners and Sup- plies Captured. Rosser Foiled in Attempting to Rescue the Prisoners. Union Troops Advancing on Lynch- burg from Tennessee. REPORTED CAPTURE OF THE CITY, ae, Ren ke. Mr. Charles H. Farrell's Despatch. ‘Wincussrer, Va., March 8, 1865. ‘The news of the defeat of General Early and hig rebel trdops in the upper valley received full confirmation to- day by the arrival of a detachment of his force, consist- ing of the First Rhode Island, Fourth, Fifth and Twenty- second New York, and the Eighteenth Pennsylvania cavalry, under the command of Colonel Thompson, of the first named regiment, escorting the prisoners cap- tured in the upper valley. The history of the expedition, from the 27th ult. to Friday, the 2d inst., may be briefly related as follows:— The command, consisting of the Firat division, General Merritt; the Third division of cavalry, General Custer, and one brigade of the.Second cavairy division, Colonel Caphart, of the Second Virginia, commanding, with two sections, or four pioces, of artillery, the whole under the command of Major General Sheridan, left their camps near this town early on the morning of the 27th uk, The weather for several days previous had been very stoviny, the roads in bad condition, and the streams and rivers in the val- ley much swollen by constant rains and melting snow. Notwithstanding these seemingly impassable obstacles to a march, the Licutenant General gave the order to move, and it met prompt acquiescence from General Sheridan. As the troops rode through town the columns were well closed, the men looked fresh, and there was a restive- ness discernable f the ranks to once more get a dash at General Early and his army, whom they had so often PRICE FOUR CENTS. eral Early was in force. The distance to the objective point was thirteen miles. Leaving Staunton, the route was on a common dirt road. This was softened by constant rains so that the mud was nearly two feet deep. The march was peces- sarily slow, but the troops were in excellent spirits, and only too eager to meet the enemy. When General Custer reached Fisherville, Gve miles from Waynesboro, he came upon the rebel videttes, but these he sent flying to their camps in quick time. On Teaching a point near Waynesboro the colamn was halted, ‘and a detachment sent forward to reconnoitre. This party soon discovered the enemy, posted on a range of hills near Waynesboro and South river. The rebels had five pieces of artillery in position, commanding the front on which Custer was General Custer tmme- diately dismounted and deployed two regiments as aktr- mishers. In the rear of them and on either side of the Toad were solid regiments. The movement on the ene- my’s works was the work of a moment, Our” skirmish- ers advanced with rapidity, fring at the enemy, and then ~ the whole line moved om the enemy’s position. The rebels fired one volley, and then ran like a flock of sheep. Their attempt to escape was fruitless, as Ouster closed his lines om them, and surrounded nearly the entire force of the enemy, capturing eighty-seven com- misaioned officers, eleven hundred and sixty-five enlisted men, thirteen State and battle flags, seven cannon, one hundred wagons, ambulances and other vehicles. Among the rebel officers captured were General Early’s entire staf’—Colonel Orr, chief of artillery, and Colonel Vos- burg, commanding brigade. General Early did not attempt to rally or encourage his men, but fled when he saw Custer and his troops ma- neuvering for position. He rode off on @ fleet horse, at- tonded by an orderly, and proceeded through the Blue Ridge, via Rockfish Gap, and towards Charlottesville. It Mems that General Early despaired of making any successful defence aguinat Sheridan, and on the morning of the day Custar attacked him he caused all surplus stores and six pieccs of artillery to be placed on a rail- road train for transportation elsewhere. This train was also captured by General Custar, together with all the spoils, including a@ large quantity of artillery ammuni- tion. The artillery was all destroyed, burst or spiked, and the gun carriages destroyed, on account of the muddy condition of the roads. . The victory was almost a bloodless one, as we only lost ten or twelve in killed and wounded. All the rebel wagons captured from the enemy were destroyed for the same reason above stated. General Custer remained at Waynesboro until General Shesidan, with the main column, came up, and then pushed on through Rockfilsh Gap to Greenwood, at which the force mentioned at the commencement of thie report was detached to escort the rebel prisoners to this point. At last accounts direct from Sheridan General Custer was within a few miles of Charlottesville, an important station on the Virginia Central Railroad. General Sheri- dan intimated to his officers that he had the game in his own hands, and it would take a strong card of the enemy to beat him. The capture of Early’s remnant of his once splendid army frees the valley of any regular foree. The detachment detailed to escort the rebel prisoners to this point left Waynesboro on Friday, the 3d inst, They marched eight miles and encamped at Fishers- ville. Colonel! Thompson, commanding the brigade, finding his supply of food inadequate to meet the requirements of his men and the prisoners, sent for- ward a detachment to several of the towns through which they were to pest, notifying the inhabitants to bring out to the roadside food for therebel prisoners, er otherwise they would starve on the road. On reaching Staunton Colonel Thompson found only a feeble response to his request, and learning that the rebels had vanquished. There was auother Inspiring element which conduced to make the men feel confident. It was in the simple but forcible fact that General Sheridan was to ac- company the expedition. The Third division, Geveral Custer, as it paksed through the town, was particularly remarked for their soldicrly appearance. At ite head was its gallant ivader, who had won a proud name by his intrepid deeds. His ap- pearance on this occasion was unusually striking. He looked more youthful than ever, His golden locks streamed over his shoulders, and his jaunty velvet suit of clothes, hia sailor shirt, adjusted aftor the most ap- proved man-of-war style, looked quite picturesque. General Sheridan did not leave town till the entire ex- pedition had got well on the march. The route of march was up the valley pike, or, to make it plA‘n to thoro umacquainted with the topography of thie section of the country, up the road that runs irregularly but nearly parraliel tosthe valley. The road, which is macadamized, was found in much better condition than expected. The troops marched in column of fours. The first stream crossed was Cedar creek, which was found much swollen, for reasons already stat-d. The temporary bridge, which was built, by our troops prior to (ie battle of the 19th of November last, was found in tolerable condition, and by 4 little manipulation from the hands of our skilful poncers was rendered practicable for safe crossing. The troops parsed through Kernstown, Middictown, Strasburg and crossed Cedar creck, Tegnbling river, Tom's brook and Ten's creek, arriving at Woodstock shortly before dark, where the troops went into bivoua’, having marched a distance of thirty miles, The troops had the wet fields for their couch and the canopy of heaven for a shelter, as they were not provided with tente. Up to this time no enemy had appeared to diepute onr advance. Pickets were set in proper places, and the first night of the expedition passed off quietly, The second day's march was pursned without the oe currence of anything of particular interest. The troops crossed Narrow Pasage creek, Stoney et and Mill creek, and passed through the towne of Edenburg and Hawkinsburg, crossing the north fork of the Shenandoah ona pontoon bridge at a point between Mount J and New Market. Nine men of the Third division were drowned while crossing the stream. The command eu camped at Lincoln's Mills, between New Market ond Har risonburg, having marched twenty-seven miles during the day. On the third day the troops broke camp at six o'clock A. M., the First brigade of the First divicion, Brigadier General Devins, in the advance On thir day's march the troops crossed Smith's creek, Naked creek aud Middle river, the latter nine miles northeast from Staun. miles, General Sheridan had at thie juncture learned pretty accurately of the position of the enemy. He learned that up to the day previous ly had bis hondquar- ters in Staunton; that his forces was small, and that there was a probable chance to capture the entire force. It ap. peared that Gon, Early was apprised of the advance of our troops, for the day previous to the entrance of our troops removed their valuable property to a place of eafety, It is kaid among their things moved was the enormous sum of one million of dollars in gold, the property of the banks in the town, This treasure war sent to Charlotte ville, Atnine P.M. on the third day, two or three hours after coming into camp, General Sheridan ordered Gene- ral Devins’ brigade, of Merritt's division, to break camp and move forward. The night was dark, wet and om The Suequehanna river i# reported clear of joo this morning, Trayol will bo immedimely resumed, Rack gh Gap road y Waynesboro, where he learned Gon- ton, passing through Harrisonbury, and by Mount Crawford, Mount Sidney and Fort beflance. After cross ing Middle rive? the troops pushed on toa point within four milgs 6 Staunton, where they went into camp, The | Gietance marched on this the third day was twenty six into Staunton he notified the citizens that the Yankees were coming, and it was possible he might not be able to | hold the town. The inhabitants acted on bis advice, and stored large quantities of supplies in the Lamatic Asylum, 4 requisition wes made on that institution, and our troops and the rebel prisoners were partially supplied with flour and bacon. Colonel Thompson discharged this duty in as agreeable » manner and with ae much humanity as the necessity of the case would permit . The troops were noi molested on their return trip until they reached the north fork of the Shenandoah, near Mount Jackson, where they were met by # small but de- termined rebel cavalry force, under General Rower. It appears he followed our troops from Staunton, and watched an opportunity to rescue the rebel prisoners. Ho waited until the 6th inst., when our troops were about crossing the Shenandoab. He boldly charged on the rear guard—the Fifth New York cavalry, Major Force— who suddenly changed direction, faced the rebels, and, with sabres in hand, and a cheer anda dash, he drove Roeser and his men in retreat up the ptke towards Staun- toh, capturing twenty-seven rebels and killing fifteen others, This charge drove Rosser so far to the rear that he did not trouble our troops again. When our troops reached Waynesboro General Sheri- dan sent four couriers, each with a copy of am order to General Hancock, to send « brigade of infantry and one of cavalry to meet the privoners at or near Mt, Jackson. Two of the couriers were killed, and two were eaptared. Hence the order did not reach its destination. The priconers all arrived in town to-day, footsore and y were tolerably well clad, but it was re- he d-pariiy in the ages of the troops, 1 from fifteen to sixty years of age. Some of conscripts, and insist upon it that they never would have goue into the rebel army were they not forced, From their statements it ts eald that a large foree of Union cavalry was coming down the Virginia dd Central Railroad from Tonnersee, and that it hed reached @ point very near Lynchburg. ‘The prisoners were at oneo forwarded to Harper's Ferry, and from thence they will be sent to Point Look- out, Ma. Lieutenant LV. ‘Trase, Quartermaster, and Captain 8. W. Wheeler, of the Twenty fifth New York cavalry, were captured near Staunton, Captain Ouse ©, Wyatt, Company B, of First New Hamp- shire cavalry, was wounded in the left arm. Sergeant John Kehoe, of the Kighth New York cavalry, was wounded In the Jeft forearm. Twent of the Twenty fifth New York were cap- tured wh le foraging near Staunton, The exp dition is a great success, and exhibits what our troops ean overcome and accofplieh when under such leaders as Sheridan, Custer, Merritt and others of the right dash and spirit, met Washington Despatch. Was uxctow, March 9, 1865, The latest news from the Shenandoah confirma the idea held out in this correspondences, that Sheriden’s battle with Early must have taken place a few miles | from Steunton, and not at Charlottesville, Barly's head- quarters were known to have been established at that point, whereas Charlotiesville and Gordonsville, as pointe of concentration for supplies for Lee's army, were known to be well defended. They were also points on the Orango and Alexandria route to Lynchburg, and important rotlway junctions, which have never been oecupied by our troope since the commencement of the war. About a year ago, when Kilpatrick and Dahigren made their raid on Richmond, General Custer made a demonstration on Charlottesville, but ouly penetrated to the outskirts of the town, which he foand fortified and well defended by both infantry and cavalry. Having diverted the atten tion of the enemy sufficiently w allow Kilpatrick to get off on his expedition unperceived, Custer returned with some difficulty to camp. ‘As the Orange and Alexandria, Virginia Central and Lynchburg railroads, mast now be Lee's main sources of ply for bis army, it 1 bardly probable that the keys of the two former—Gordonsville and Charlottesvitle—would Bo loft unfortified and undefended. It is the much more ble theory that Sberidan bas avoided these points, Our Spee pleasant; but under the direction of falthfal guides and | plausible aT te ihe twidges an toa taal scouts they moved on to the town of Staunton, driving | and eons eel phsgig ‘ae silo z efor jroad across th con the enemy's pickets poll melt before them, Péboving roe vant the Danville Railroad, acroes the Upper through the town almost without opposition, From | 1 ea short distance north of Danville, and thus cus Staunton the brigade took the Rockfish Gap road, whieh | Roane! poss Tins east-southeast from the town, and proceeded to | of Lee's comm bisa Christian's creek, which is seven e distant, At that | pom they dectnyen sense brdge en the vigiacso- | REPORTED CAPTURE OF LYNCHBURG. tral Railroad, This was accomplished without opposition | nine from the enemy, when General Devine returned ¢ Information from the Army of the Potomac states that Stanton, whore he rejoined the main column | a report is in citealation to the effect that Lynchburg ts @ commenced ruining wory hard on the fourth day, | jp our possoasion, but It cannot be traced to auy reliable | yet fio tine war to be low. # w his goal Dt | goatee | at hand, and he had the mon, the comunandor, and the | " Netgian at Portland. Will to Recomplish hiv de Hoe therefore ordered Arrival of the Ke Sprig Me. March 9, 1860, General Custer's division to move ia quick time on the The seamabig Deigion Captain Wylie, arti ata ouarter