The New York Herald Newspaper, August 17, 1863, Page 2

b INTERESTING FROM THE MISSISSIPPI. Goneral Grant’s Order Relative te Transpertation of Seldiers Along that River. - Adjutant General Thomas and the Negroes, &e., Camo, august 11, 1863. RETURNING DEYERTERS in th’a part of the State, as has been previously stated, is ardous undertaking, In fact there are few love money well enough to onter upon. the y (or the sake of the ten dollars per head ‘h the goveramept gives outsiders for the delivery of t and runaway soldiers, Hence in the adjounmng ibe matter ts left almost entirely in the hands of States Provost Marshals and their deputies, who sve apy bonus from the treasury, but attend of returping deserters ag one of their numer- Among the most active and efficient of these Phillips, Esq., the officer for the Thir- He sent a deputy named Evans to Cairo with seventy-elght deserters, as the result of @ ai tour with bis cavalry through portions of Sa- ine and Williamson counties. Three of the men were uot tope deserters and were discharged from cus- The rémainder are still here in the hands of the &, ae tidy, mu itury, awaiting transportation to the Army of the Ten- ©. Let it uot be understood by these remarks that ions are the rule from the army'l allude to. On the wry, there are really very few such occurrences from that army. The deserters now alluded to are mostiy ‘rom the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Illinois and the Ninetieth IMlinois, The former regiment, as will be secollected, was disbanded by Adjutant General cont Lomas some months since, and when thus disbanded but about one hundred men could be mustered for the purpose, the remainder having deserted their colors, and gone home in 9 body, as it were. Among other regiments such eventsare of un- frejwent occurrence. Infact you can hardly hear of a case bere outside of the two regiments alluded to. These, it wil be observed, are being gathered once more to the fold sbout as fast ag possible. Ihave it from pretty good authority Uhat, if these men could have the aseu- rance that theyehould be merged into certain Illinois in- faviry Ove Hendred and Twenty-eighth ana Ninetieth, they would almost to @ man surrender themselves voluntarily, aud do excellent service thereafter for their country. THE PARTY FIREP UPON. ‘3 Marshal Phillips, Captain Evans and a equad of cayal- re¢ possing through a portion of country near the 2 and the Williamson county lines, on Saturday last, were told by some neighboring farmers that at place they would come upon the residence of a from the One Hundred and Twenty-cighth. alterea their course in order to reach the localit; ided, and had not pursued their new course man! miles whea the party was tired upon by some sixteen or eiguteen men concealed in the underbrush. Captain Evans" horse wag bit, but no one sustained apy personal damage The volley was returned by Marshal Phillips aud nis half a dozeu cavalry, and finding they were out- » the bushwhackers made good use of their and oscaped. Such cases ag this are becoming ‘ommon, aud [fear that Southern Illinois, by the protection its residents seem to give these despersdocs, is preparing the way for a dreadfully severe retribution. Should it not soon be put to an end, and proper aid aud support be rendered to the military, I doubt not all the Southern countries of tho State will be declared under martial law, and dragged clean, a& though with a fice tooth comb, by Uncle Sam's cavalry. A portion of the deserters captured upon the two days? bant alluded to are supposed to include some of the men who attacked the Marshal; bat 1 is very hard to prove they ore the persons, and it is supposed now that they cavalry commands, thus entirely sinking: the | against Germany; we know all the eminéntly good q: to-day, says Phat upon information that deserted lots, Son as (ast - i jteption course, then. Rococrans is Bol fat of iellovngkta sp faithfully, THE NEW NAPOLEON PAMPHLET. A new French pamphlet is published by M. Dentu, the recognized government publisher, and is entitled “L’Em- eur, La }, et ’Europe,”’ The writer (said to be |. Mocquard) states that England and Austria are deter- mined to act with France, and that their unanimity is a security for peace. He adds that could Prussia be brought ‘to join them, the suceess would be more certain, and If the Cabinet of St. Petersburg should persist in the deplorable course it has } proper to adopt, tha | thi agama which bave loyaiy appealed te its better lings eoeie, Cees ith regret, be compelled to sus- pend relations » for the time ba.” had become Witkoet air ObNGR.' AR Aneto Fernce-8 dian 9 jwadron mi operate » wi an CO flest would in the Sea. It is desira. bie to avoid laying theatre of war in the centre of ‘The frontiers of the Russian empire sbould be closely watched, and that would be the nataral duty of Austria and Prussia. Wi Prussia, who, since ‘the beginning of the Polish insurrection, has done her best to serve Russia, even transgreasing law of ne. tions in ber desire to do so, at the risk of bringing about & general war, join the Western alliance, and offer all the desirable D Spenipenedl It ts neoessary that Prussia should abandon ambiguous positions she has up. The three Powers want to know if Prussia sides with them or with Russia. Will King William, forgetful of the lessous of history, compel us to resort to at Friediand? ich antaaten a’ poison tes Teetaee: yor wi an! lat liom, > lisastrous sebemes shail” bo German people, however, will know on whom to rest the responsibility of a continental war, which most necessarily injure their intorests. But even then ponperen would be spared as much as roasible, so that the whole country should not be made to sxffer for the blindness of a few: misguided men. The Powers would confine themselves to use Prugsia as a bigh road to Rus- sia. For neither France nor her government entertains ‘the slightest iN will mgr harbors the otest desi; i. ties of the German people, and all that that great peoplo, which suffers from its divisions, possesses of strength and er. And far from wishing to injure it, we form wishes ite future and its prosperity. Prussia possibly hokis io her hands at this moment peace or war. May she, Dy another attitude, disappoint those who predict is jing to @ catastrophe! A generoys in spiration would soon add to the importance of a State which, for the last fifty years, un’ortunately for itself, has held too much aloof from events, and kept, as it were, inactive. The word of France is pledged that serious ameli:rations should be offected in the condition of the Poles, The government of her Britannic Majesty has laid down, with sound practical senso, that ¢he first element of a good government was the existence of mutual confidence between the rulers and the ruled. And it has pointed out that, to establish a somewhat stable order of things, it was necessary that the fresh organiza- tion should ombrace ail the Polish provinces—that is to fay, the whole of the country which the various parti ti ns have taken from Poland to submit to the empire of Russia. We are harpy to find onrsolves in thorough con- formity of views with our old aud gallant Crimeag ally. The government of the Emperor Napoleon has made known, from the cuiset that bad bben ye combinations which tried and failed shovld be abandoned, and that the root of the evil should be extirpated. The Fmperor Alexander II, must bear in min that the conditions would be more stringent after than before war. He might not havo an opportunity of a renewing the episode of the interview on the Niement France, once her sword ts drawn, will hold herself bound will go back to the army without additional punishment. SOLDIERS AND RIVER TRANSPORTATION, Heretofore government has allowed steamboats to in a ‘measure regulate their rates of transportation for soldiers when travelling up or down the Mississippi at their own expense, either upon furloughs or leaves of absence, It having come to the ears of General Grant that arme of the many br of soldiers now going upon furloughs had been exorbitant prices for passage from Vicksburg to Cairo, he determined, as the soldier friend, to put @ stop to extortion. He therefore issued the following order:— Bet \RTERs, Dev nt 0 ‘TRYNESSER, RADQUAI PARTMENT OF THE Vicxsnvnc, July 30, 1803. ‘The Mississippi river haying been onened to navi by the valor of the ‘and navy of the United States, aud being now only secure for the transit of steamers, because two arms of the public serviée their immediate protection, the General commanding establishes the following rules to protect those men Against the exorbitant ebarges and other impositions daily practised by steamboats of this department:— 1. Commissioned officers travelling by authority will only be charged three-fourths of a cent per mile on ao, steamboat, for a cabin passage, anywhere south of Cairo, ll. This will jaclude berths. . 2. Enlisted men will bo charged not to excced one-half cent per mile within the same limits—this to include the priviloge of cooking their rations. 3. Meals furnished to officers or enlisted men will bo at (heir own expense, and charged extra, but not at a higher rate than fuky gente per meal. No boat still refuse to carry an officer or enlisted man who 1s returning to his regiment or company, or who is going from it with a discharge from the service, leave of absence or furlough from his corps commande! or travelling under proper military orders. 5, Where officers or eulistea men are retarning to duty, and without the means of paying the foregoing rates of transportation and subsistence, rolls or vouchers will be made of all so carried, upon which the quartermaster, at their places of debarkation, will settle according to the terms of this order. artermasters will report monthly to corps commanders the vames of such meu of their commands (who were not entitied to trans. ot portation at the public expense, under their orders) and | 1 tonably a. large. proportion. of w the amounts paid in each case, whicn their immediate | prefer entire independence of Great Briain To that, commanding officer will be directed t charge against |!" Con pan TOE ParUee se Cwinl. NnmAaaly oanee them on the proper muster and pay rolls. ine en Vijos’ i *pocmeechy wi 6. gil violations of this order will be pam shed with | gon of Vieto hich would, wet fines fhd imprisonment, or both, at the discretion of a | parably « could do—or di military commission. a republic, a n ane of the mighty tion 7. All boats plying south of Cairo will keep copies of | 5 Orns nnruaae and rete reels (this order posted tu three or more conspicuous places oa 8. All stezmboats will carry authorized military mati messengers, furnish thom subsistence at seventy-tvo conta per day, agsign a stateroorn, with lock ang key, for their exclusive use. 9. Provost Marshals at ol! military posts will examine the pasmes of all persons Jeaving on stermers, allow none to go who are not properly authorized, and see that boats comply with the foregoiug orders fa good faith. fy order of Major General U 7.8 Bowers, Acting Assistant Adjutant The above is pr 70. Some steamboat men go so far ag to dectare that they woald ratbor thei Doate should lie idle at the levees than engage in pus sengor traffic at such rates. But there se nod reason for euch complain oats have berew- fore beon making money olf the very men «hs have opened the river, and protected thein in their passace to and from the ‘different ports. Now, wh wat to go to their homes on a Visit, it seems only far that the steamers sbould take thom ai cost, or very near coat. Steamboating bas been quite a monopoly of late, aud immense sums of money had been mado out of boats goneral'y wanted but little, AS an instance in point, T am informed that the steamer Ruth, lately burned, althongh sbe had beea run but a few mouths, had already returned to her owner the full sum she originally cost and a small proiit over and above. This beimg the care, rivermen should not compiain because they bave to transport soldiers at nearl@oost. They cao make up their profits from transient citizen passengers and their large freight business, It looks hard, to be sure, but the steamboattuen will outlive the pressure, 1 presume. FROM. VIF KO HERG ‘There is absolutely no news whatever The army is posing upon its laurels, aod romlorcing Ranks larvely At least such is the impression produced by the worary {ng statements of correspondents below, “that there ts an important movement going on, of Which yoo will hear in due season, Nothing can be reported regarding it now,” &c. GENERAL THOMAS AND THE XBORORY, Adjutant General Thomas, after a short reapite at home and recovery irom his sevore iliness, has returned to the ‘scene of his labors at the South. He passed through this Jace Inst week, and wan,a day or so later, followed by ia private secretary, Jos. A. Ware, late of the Washing ton Chronicle, General Thomar has a large work beiore him. It requires no common skill, tact and energy to in. tuse life, discipline and tiveness into an army «om- posed of raw, undisel) bite men, and the same re Jilts, if reached at all, in the case of ‘negroes, must be aceompil alter a expenditure of time, labor and patienes, The work had hardly been commeaiced when Adjutant Geveral Thome wag compelled. to eave his life from the rave of fever, course, as might have been expected, in his absence rome tronblo has been experienced in the colored regiments Iv one iwstance a delegation has gone out from oainp armed with their government muskets, and per} a brutal murder, », too, mm epite of the strictest of the general commanding the district that no one | gary, in ord n anot ni then to liberate Lithuania as she liberated Lombardy, The Emperor Napoleon knows that if anything can dissolve hostile parties in France it is to do what all have failed im; that what would most effectuaily consolidate his dynasty would be a war for the emancipation of Poiand, the reparation of that great injustice:he knows that it would secure to him and his the blessing of Heaven and the gratitude of men. The Emperor, in that holy canse, ‘no personal design, and reserves for himself nothing but the satisfaction of fulfilling a noble duty. The Russians congratulate beeen having gained time, and they flatter themselves that lateness of the season will soon render us unable to act. Let them re- member that it was on the 20th of September that wo conquered at the Alma, and at Jena we were victorious on October 14. “The Prince Royal of Sweden might have reached St. Petersburg before I got to Moscow”’ said Na- poleon, But why talk so much of war, when there are et #0 many reasons for not despairing of peace’ Only it will be weil that the character of Napoleon ML should not be misunderstood at St. Petersburg, and that it should be understood that there are some things he cannot per- ‘mit to be told him, and otber things that he cannot allow to be dene. If the Fmporor Alexander is animated by 'Y | the spirit moderstion which infspires our government, nothing ean be more simple than to proclaim an armistice, @1d to cease those military preparations which are Jike a threat of war, and there ore @ source of uneasiness for Fprope. But if, by some motive difficalt to understand, 3 Majesty tho. Emperor of Russia should meet with yr refusal the m derate demands of the lowers, ¢ should be competied once more to leave to. the decision of arms and to the chances of war what might atill be settigd by reagou and justice. | | The Fature of Canada. {From the Toronto Globe, August 11.] The following extract from the London /rittsh Standard embodies a great many popular fallacies about Canada which are eommonly entertained both in Canada and the United Staves There is very little to fear from the United States, even shonid the Union be restored; but should a collision ever preferences ability of @ monarchy, with a fined aristocracy, It is & great mistake to suppose that in cose of war with the United States “England could not preserve Canada.” If she despatched a suttlyieut + of gunboats vw the be to re the entire command of them she might prevent | the Americans obtaining a foothold even in Unper Cana da, the moet aceessibte part of the British American ter- ritory. Without the aid of gunboats, bowever, vy & proper concentration of forces, # lar, portion of Upper ada and ‘ail Tower Canada could be defended inst any American » has grown wiser since be was hit the mark »ben he t defended on the Atlantic and New York. A war between Groat United States would be mainly a naval Ain would biockade every acceasible and@r coutribution, and harass th ¢ in a oundred ways, Thel would seek by privateers to do all to British shipping, and would nn- ly be success{ul to a large exten! Convoys guard. ed by steamers would, however, be formed ov all the great shipping routes, andthe immense naval (orce of Britain won'd give her great advantages in this war of pillage What would be the end of it ail? Both sides would get tiret,as they did in 1912, for neither could gaia any ad vantage which would touch the lifeblood of the other aud compel submission. Negotiations wonld be opened, and Britain would insist as a rin: gee non on the return of every acre of Canadian territory which might happen to ba in posession of the Americans. father than prolong a ful war the Armericans would yield, and that would nd of the busines. No nation i more shrewdly their own interests then the American, and there it is that. unless forced to It by a sense of gross in- jury, they will uever go to war with Britain They can msko nothing by it, and would certainly be evermous lwera. singolor as it may appear to onlookers in England, the people of Canada are quite willing to take all the risks of A wg with the States for the sake of British connection. Tue favantages of the alliance are very gteat, and if the people of Cacada and of Kugland would show ordmary discretion, the risk of war with the republic would be trif_ing. The pee position is undoubtedly the mort dangerous which bas arisen during the last balf century; Dut it will pase—is pasring, in fact—perceably by, and no #ingtlar circumstances are likely to occur again. The peo- pie of Canada prefer British connection to independence, ‘ed will not be the first to break the the. In the distant futore (be population =, grow too iarge to re- majo @ colony. {t ia impossible for human vision to pene. trate so far. Bot British America je a narrow country, with a long frontier. and stretches three thousand miles from pom Ocean to another, and it will always bea vory handy thing to have a great empire ag a near and a r of Upper Can mada could be 8 of Boston Britain and the doar ally. When we have ten millions of population and { fick with gold our alliance will berorth somethin, in time Of war, aleo,and all the aid that we can ai ‘Will be gladiy ce to the old flag. It is not at all necer- ler to continue the connection, that we rbould sould go out of the lines without permission, In other | aiter our institutions m any way. An attempt to create Instances dishonest contravands bave enlisted, obtained | an arietgeracy on this continent could only be a iamenta- their uaiforms, and then, after lounging about camp a hittio while, became disgusted with war and incontinently decamped—dererted. «nly one facl-vie, that the work not been properly commenced. tn pad, men have called to command regi ments and parte of Dg te is to be expected, , esout mission of General Thomas, if it is rt Taare here, ia togeek WH correct ¢ Petfoter iis and piace the native Drigades upon a proper foot gy, That be will succeed must be Bolbeved, hy has the eid and assistance of tbe gonoraia and other oMeors ot the ane ita major ¢ mentt are strtouely cppemed to hie movement. Why they are oppored is pot tated. it cannot cartalply be because they object to aid. we must place it apen their lack of sense or loyalty, The more of these major generals we have in the army the joncer it wil take to fight, ont the rebellion. General But these instances go to show | ernmentel forms of t hae | to ape and similar | son's Bay Company Zoomas bas alroady \elt Colunf ue, en route for Mom his, 7 bie failure, Britieh connection stands on far ground than a merely accidental resemblance in the gov two countries, We do not need ‘ap aristocratic system, for which we have no many cases | natural facilities, in order to love and venerate Groat Britain. Bua om or Carts prom Fort Arercromum—The Hud- "s monster brigade of carts (rom Fort Abercrombio arrived safely Inst week, There were one hundred and ninety carts belonging to the company, asides some fourteen or Oftoen others, all of which wero uw ibtodly have ina great } loaded to their utmost capacity. As much as one thou- that “fort two or firee eand two hundred pounds was the load of several of the oxen; but such wae the caro taken of the animals that they ail arrived in order. The brigade was under the charge of Mr, Hackland, and he reportsthat they were not in the jeast troubled by the Sioux. As ohiy a mall portion of the company’s supplies by this ronte had you arrivo at the fort, another brigade of cage will, we tunderstand, leave for the game place beiore loby NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, AUGUST 17, 186% | How the Soldier is Clothed and Educated in France. No one can deny that the United States has become S great military nation. The pigmy army which we pos- aeseed before the commencement of the rebellion has now Swollen into one of immense proportions. It is true that when the present strife-is at am end, when tho pre- sent rebellion is crushed, the power which we now have in the tield will be greatly shorn of its Bumbers; but it is equally true that the standing army which we shall io future be compelled to uphold must be many times larger than that which we have heretofore counted ow our mus- tor roll, This being admitted, it behooves xs tolook closely foto the expenditure, which at present does and for the future must necessarily take place in tho fitting out of our forces, and into the nature and cost of the education which changes the raw recruit into the son of Mars. It is universally admitted that the French army is the best drilled, the best dressed and receives the best mili- tary education of any army in the world; and, moreover, this superiority is attaihed at an expense much below that of any other country which maintains a first class army. Consequently, it isto France that we must turn for guidance, if we would desire the greatest amount of military excellence and the highes} style of military ap- |, pearance at the least possible cost. In the present article, therefore, we propose to lay before our readers a tow facts relative to the clothing aud education of French soldiers. Inso far as rolates to the clothing, they will be able to compare the economy antl excellenceyft the French sys- tem with the wasteful expenditure and inferiority of our own ; and in so far as relates to the mental improvement of the soldier, they will become acquainted with the do tails of tom whiob las not yet been introduced into our army. CLOTHING OF TRE SOLDIER. Nothing can be worse than the system which {s at Present here practised in rogard to military equipment. Nearly the whole army of contractors and sub contract- ors who fatten om the nation’s yitals, like vultures ona deceased camel, are pests to the body politic. Men without character and without money, and without the least particle of knowledge about the article in which they dee ave been umassing mighty fortunes by covering the soldiers with spongy rags, which absorb the Tain instead of resisting it. A peculiar political hue, and @ promise to share the plunder which’is obtained, appear to be the principal passports which these people are re- quired to produce to enable them to travel upon this road to wealth. Their pockets are being filled while the public purse is being emotied, aud it behooves the taxpayers who are required to replenish the latter that they should Place in their public offices men who will not consider the Public good as second,to their personal aggraudizement. “They do.these things better in France.” There a sys- tem of checks is introduced which prevents the con- tractor from foisting upon the public a worthless article, and competent courts of appeal are allowed which prevent him from being sacrificed to the caprice of avy malignant official, There are several great government depots situ ated in different parts of France, entireiy distinct from the regimental depots. At each of these ‘“commissivus” are appointed to inspect the stores delivered under con- tracts entered into by the Minister of War, They are composed of two superior officers and six captains, all ‘belopging to regiments who happen at the time to com- per am garrisons of the towns where those depots are established. ‘Thoy are named by the general comtmaud- ing the department; their appointment, which 1s bat tem. porary, cannot exceed we duration of oye year, and the only remuneration they receive for th@r services is a gratuity of three franca (about sixty ceuts) for each sit- ting at which they are present, out o: which they must defray,all expenses incident on their atteudance. © ‘There are “oommiasions” for each arm of the service, and their duties consist principally in examining the cloth and flan nei used for the soidiers’ clothing. The tests t» be em- ployed*in ascertaining the quality and strength of ie ert cloth and soundness of the dye to the most minute particalar = in book of instructions. The chemicals used in those tesis arefurnished them ready prepared; the method, time and duration of their application,as well as the ellects which they shonld produce, are pointed out, and under oo circumstances is one: deviation from the prescribed rules permitted, so that the most stupid man cau scarcely make @ mistake or the Most corrupt one do an injustice, The Storekeeper of each depot may be consulted, and in. case of marked diversity of opinion the assistance of an ‘‘ex- pert” (who must be have }, & licensed dealer in the article whose quality is under discussion), oamed for the occasion by the military sous intendan‘, may be had recourse to, but neither storekeoner nor ax- pert has any right to vote, or even to present at the deliberations @f the commission, five of whose members must vote to render its proceedings logul. In case the majority is only one, the sous antend- ant bas a right to vote, and, should he joiu the majority, the article whose quality is disputed must be rejected. Shouid the decision of the c mmission flually condemning the art cle be objected to by the contractor, he bas a right of appeal to a tribunal, compesed of three arbitra. tore—one named by the © mmission, another by the mayor of the commune. and the third by the contractor bimse¥. They must be all chosen from among the li. sed dealers ia or manufacturers of the description of goods rejected, jpbabiting that or the neighbor- ing communes, the “export,” who has already given an opinion, being disqualified to act. The arbitrators are sworn to do justice by the sous intendant; the sealed pattern and delivored goods ‘ure submitted to their inspection; the commission is represented byone of its members, who 1 the causes of rejection; the contractor is heard in ly; the arbitrators then liberate in private, but deciare their decision in presence of the sous interdant and parties interested, each in ten being obliged to state his reasons for the verdict they arrive at, which is definite, there being no right of mn shonld be remarked that no article can be by the commission which hag not the mame of the firm unter which the coutractor trades printed ia full and in legibic letters on its front. Independent of the commissions appointed to act at the government depots, there is in each rogiment @ consril. d'administra‘tom (council of administration), composed of the colonel, Heutenant colonel and chef de bata] on, the major, a captain, te paymaster, and capt faine d’habiliement (the ollicer who commands the com- paby composed of tailors and shoemakers, and wo su- periutends the equipment aud bas charge of the regimen- tai stores). The chef devataiilm and captain are changed every year, others of the same rank taking their places in Juro of seniority, Subordinate to the conseti d'adminitra- (on there is also a commission, composed of the major— who presides, but has Do vole—and three captains, chosen by the captaing 0: the regiment from among themscives by ballot; the duration of their term of service is limited to six months, aud no member of the conseil d’administra- great bearing the set! of the superior commission, The cloth- ing ca; lain (as we may call him) takes his measares to bave uiways in store a sullicieat supply of uniforms. and equipments to meet any emergencies that may arise. When {t is necessary to increase the quantity on hand he makes his demand of the major, who lays his statement before the colonel, by Whose authority the conseil d’ad- minicire (on is convened. They decide upon the descrip- tion and amount of the articles rejuired, and it then be- comes the duty of the commission to procure and insyect . Along whith @ sealed pattera of every ar- of equipmeot, which is never leave the regimental store, there pric which must not signed by each of the three captai ferent makers, stating what is wanted and de to know their prices. When their answers arrive the con- tract is given to the loweat tender; and as the contractors keow the maximum price, avd the quality whieh will pass inspection, there is neither disficulty nor delay in terminating the travsaction, The cloth, with liniugs, for the number of uniforms required is sent direct from the government depot to the revimental master tailor, under whose ipsyection they are made up by the tailors ing to * the company of workmen.’’ For each tunic the master tailor receives three francs to the man who makes it twenty-iour conta; fur the overcoat he receives equivalent to forty-five out of which he buys bottons and pays the maker eighteen conte; for the pantaloons he receives thirty cents, and pay? fourteen cents, and for the foraging cap sixteen cents, providing the taste! and paying workman Fauniy S0ied moder Uns onpooton of tis eatin ausiats au inEpect! u whose duty is limited to that and the su the regimental stores. He always remains at the tet = and never goes on active service with the regiment. master shoemaker purchases the leather fur the shoes, which are made up in the regiment; he receives $1 20 per 3 SS ‘ment . ‘The simplicity, economy and efficiency of the which we have thes briely. describes tie proved by the Tesults which it prod tionably the beat equipped in Furope, @iy, economy and efiectivences of the French system are not the only poiuts in which it morite imitation. Under it every ible precaution is taken the possibility of bribery or corruption. Unflor a rere M, prastioniey fo Sttomct ‘corneiniae oe were i + to attempt corruption, man bribed to day might be replaced by conker ‘to-morrow, and no profit derived from the admission of an inferior article coutd cover the expense which a contractor must four (supposing the existence of venality) 0 the cofamission a majority of more than one ip this, the tra feels that pending his m i ba pope) and of all ite wo prevent jobbery and corruption, and to foteetisd aie to the soldier, the taxpayer and the contractor. EDUCATION OF THE SOLDIER, ‘There Is a #ystem of mentally educating the common soldier in the French regiments whieh is worthy of notice, aad which Wht Ye lobowey witherem adyeu tional test is the before he can advance Gaid the lteute- beyond the rankof private, and incapacity to pass the reflecting oa the cha- a ts a barrier to advancement. WJ. E. system of mental ed: ‘adopted in the Breach to resent the expres combines efficiency wi The staf required not only to the for its adm: and supervision ia found ia the regiments ves, Both “ ” that the ob- and “superior” schools are placed unter the Ly . supermiendence of a ‘ no other in the —. duty. Ho is named by the colovel an must be not only rumor, discarded man posseswed Of literary acquirements, but also have ‘smile upon those the gift of imparting instruction to his pupils. He is as- jven by the latter was siste:! by ‘monitors’ of his own \, taken from occurred upea among the mostadvanced echolars, who receive pecu- ilo. result niary rewards proportionate to thelr proficiency and at- me tention, and whose good conduct in the discharge of thelr ‘Tae chalenger, dutios insures the inwertion of thelr ‘names inthe regi. oie te mental order of the day, and 80 secures their \. ‘within afew mo- ‘Thero are ‘primary’ and « for’? Ce ene. whether the time regiment. Roading, writing and arithmotic are taught in His strength, how- the former, The first year’s courso in the latter comprises match his courage, and the ducl was saithupalic, geometry and ralitery. administration, aud at The sufferer in the affair is fing (Gora of Ei A irre Aged re gonad of she counhy wil pay tothe eoverament for the year stood to be rapidly recovering. before made corporal the Freuch soldier . 2 is about $72,700, yorteot ia tho re four rales of arthunti, pov gentlicd The Generals Grant and McClornend to write quickly aud correctly from dictation. All THE CROPS. cen mrenenty s idiers are com, to attend the schools save those who are found to have received a superior education already, or those who, afver a three months’ trial, have proved themselves incapable ef learn! tion bas qualified many men for holdivg high positious in the French army, Particular attention ts paid in France to both the men- tal and military education of the officers of the army, aud the most ample meaus are provided for their instruction in every bri of the military service. In our own country we have our Acadeiny at West Poiot; but the military education which is there imparted will ia future be found to be not sufliciently comprehensive, as doubt- less cavairy will hereafter form an important arm. ot our service, In France thero are ten great military schools, each with its speciali- ty... The preparatory schools for officers are the Polytechnic School at Paris, the Special Schoo! at St. Oyr, aud the Military College at La Flesche; the special schools are the Firing School at Vincenues, the Polyvechnic School at Motz, thé Military Medical Schoo! at Paris, and the Veterinary School at Alfors; and the exercising schools are the School of the General Staff at Paris, the ‘Kngiueer aud Artillery School at Metz, aud the Cavairy Sehool at Saumur, The latter school, situated on she banks of the Loire, is the most perfect and exteusive institution of the kind ia Europe. perhaps the only one really deserving the title, the others beigg more Hi porly schools of equitation, Its purpose is to dfuse throughout the corps @ uniform system of instruction in everything nine to the principles of equitation and other branches of knowledge appropriate to the cavalry arm. There is accommodation for the fustruction of from three thousaad to iour thousund sous gficers, who are draited hence: iuto ditlercat regiments to instruct their corps. In addition to the schools already named there ave also ope for milityry music; regimental schools for under officers of the cavalry and the line; firing schools for officers and non-commissioned officers, for infantry regiments and chasseur battalions, and twelve artillery: aud three engineer schools for nou-commissioned officers aud soldiers. ‘The system, of military education in France is of # supe- rior character, and the military profession is viewed in that country as it was at Athens, at Sparta aud at Rome, Tue Freach cultivate in thelr military schools gymnas- tics and other bodily exercises, ag weil as the theory of strategy and war. Young men are iostructed in these sciences by rule and precept, illustrated by practice, fhe annual cost of the educational department of the Freuch army is about dve hundred thqpsand dollars, THE WATERING PLACES. Our Cape May Correspondence. Cars May, August 11, 1863, Hotels Crowded—Shoddy Aristocracy—Hotel Complaints— Bathing and Cobblers—Genera! Peck Serenaded-— Public Characters Mere, dc., Le. This old seaside resort, where erst the elite of Now York, Philadelphia, Baltimage and the South were wont to cominingle in delightful harmony, is crowded to over- flowing. Hotels, although of the same nature as those Broadway stages whicn always have room for ‘one more,”” are compelled to refuse the clamorous men who sock the privilege of paying large sums for small accom. niodations, Nothing like it has beon seen since thé days of the Great Eastern, when people were obliged to sieep iu the pavilions and pay twenty-live cents for a giass of ice water. Boats arrive from Philadelphia and Newcastle daiiy crowded witn people, and cars from Philadelphia aud Camden twice daily with additional passengers Peopie may uek with wonder, why is all this? The answer fs not wauting—tt is the jubilee of shoddy. Contractors, their wives and clorks, officers and oilice holders—in fact all who are in auy way interested in the manufac- ture of grecnbacks—are now holding revelry over their gains. Such people as they are, too! It is laughable to look at the futile attempts to ape gentility, or their ua- blushing display of ignoravee, These remarks, of course, do not apply to all the visitors. Many are fine, genteel peo- je, who have been accustomed to spend the summer at Us seashore for many years, but who, their incomes being reduced by the war, and pot being engayed in thy manaiacture of army supplies, enjoy thelr ease with moderation, and leave all the dispiay in the bands of the “hew set’? ‘Tho splendid boata which formerly ran from New York to this [lace are now in the service of the government as transports somewhere down about Port Royal; so that to reich here one has t© go by cars to Camden, opposite Phiadelpbia, and take the cars on the West Jersey Rail- road, or the steamer trom (be foot of Arch street, Phila deiphia. ‘There are somecting like six or eight thousand visitors: year distributed somewhat as follows: — Congress Hal! 909 Old Atlantic. . 100 New Auout 600 Tontine . s. + 150 Ovean Lt 400 Commercial Houge,... 100 Atuer ican Frankiio House.. . Columbia House Delaware + Contre Houee. Merchauts’ Hotet. Total ..... Washington House Smalier hotels. Cottages, about. mont House ,, 180 Total sess eee + 6,060 ‘Tho tanclords aro a!i Intent on making the moat of {his harvest, forgetful, us usual, that another season is to @me, Compiaints agsingt the table, non attendance, &c., are loud and strong. The lav!lords seem, however, to Pay no attention to them. -The amusements go on as usual. Horse racing, bors, concerts, driving, bathing, , are in full biast. Mark Mass:er's orchestra is here, at cess Hall. Last Saturday evening the large dining was brilliantly tilaminated with (he thousand jets of ge and crowded with a bewildering mass of women, large and small, others sh rt and tall, prome- nating in the hall or moving m the mazes of the dance, surging up and down, backward aud forward, in harmony with the crescendo abd decrescndo strains of the band, under the complete control of the emiling Hassler’s ba'ou. The author of the article on waltzing in the Atantic Monthly wuld have beeo highly edified at the sight of so many cbarms—so much drapery. The bath is a peculiar instiution here, although some author denies that the Europeens and Anglo- Americans do anything eige than wash themselves, aud think they have bathed; that they shudder under ‘cold showers, and perform’ ixburious antics with coarse towels. Every day a motley turong collects in the surf, ond, tumbling, diving, laughing, floating and swimming, they mxke the weikin ring with their joyous shouts. All dignity is thrown off for tae moment; for the rolling waves are no respecters ofipersons. After bath, sherry cobblers, mint juleps and brandy emashes, avd mavy Other compounde with dike shockingly abominable names are indulged in under all sorts of imaginable excuses or delusions. Some iudulge to make thom feel cool; others, warm Tho fact of the matter is, people come bere to enjoy themselves, aud each one selects bis or her own ‘way of doing tt General sebenek ht also here, and received te siding in the hotel. In the few brie! remarks he made he paid a just tribure to his old com:nander—the idol of the soldiors—General George B. MeCieian, Bishop Gdeuhermer preachet at the American Hotel yesterday: Dr. Newton at the Episcopal church. Rey. Jno. Chambers also preached at the Vistore’ church, One of the H es of the War. The Missouri Vemocra! has received from its oorrespond- ent at Jeiie.son City the following order. It explains itself. A splendid revolver, worth eve hundred dollars, is to be presented to the heroine, Miss Schwartz, by Act- ing Governor Hall, on bebalf of Missouri. The testime- nial is well deserved ;-— GENERAL ORDERS—NO. 42, Haapquakrens, Vistect Cevtrat Mieworas, Jevrerson City, August 9, 1863. On the night of the 6th inst. a party of bushwhackers, some three iu number, visited the house of a Mr. Schwartz, about twelve miles from Jeilerson City, in Cole county, ing Admittance they were refused by Miss Tbey replied they would come ib, at the same time “res. to break down . While this was going on other inmates of the house—viz : Mr, Schwartz, John Wise, Captain Gol- den, government horse dealer, and a young man employ all lett—taking with them (as they the arms and ammunition. Schwartz, a young lady of Afteen, 4 5 In Iiitnois the wheat crop bas been well eecured, though demanding all the labor that could possibly be obtained. ‘There was considerable frost in Indiana about the middle of last month, which did a vast deal of mischicf, The Indianapolis Journal eays:— Bh ngeenscsic ai Rill gcc ane bee Geenapd mace ere belly oot nite ieierod. a The Milwaukee News says it is nowgjconceded that the crop of -wheat in Wisconsin will be larger and botter this year than it has been for a long time, except the memora- ble year of 1860, when the crop was unpreeedented all over the couatry. A letter from Portage county says the wheat crop is exceedingly light, while another from Waukesha county says the crop,ase whole, isa fine one. The accounts from Ohio are not yet complete. In the central and northorn parts of the State the wheat crop is represented to be somewhat below the average, As to Michigan a Detroit paper says:— . A recent excursion through Michigan, off the line of the Michigan Central Rajlroad, and a y thorough exami- prett; nation into the condition of the gathering and growing crops, showed us that the winter wheat, gee | about all harvested, was never in better condition. It evidently has not suffered from apy of the ravages which 80 fiejuently attend that crop. The cool, dry weather, iting from the Ist of June jp nearly the lst of August, was every way favorable to result, The we should judge, is fully an average, haud, esides being very bac Gauses which have benefited the ripening of wheat, has suilered essentially from quite a severe frost which visited neirly the whole surface of the State about the middle of July. Many large fields of corn are about, if not entirely, lighted from this cause, while many others have sutiered partially. But these misfortunes may be nearly overcome by warm, sunny days and genial show- ors during this and the.coming mouths. Should these, come, the crop of corn in Michigan may prove a fair one, but not an average. Accounts respecting the wheat crop. in Missouri are nearly uli favorable, The yield ef frait will be remark- ably good. The Davenport Gazelle of tho 26th ultimo says of lowa:— ‘the harvest is very favorable, and notwithstanding the scarcity of help, a few days more will gee ali the wheat and oats in this county safely cut apd ready :or stack- ing. Many farmers bave already finished their cutting avd binding. “Ihe wheat crop will fall short of what it promised six weeks ago, but will still afford a very satia- tactury yield. . , Minnesota has suffered severly from drought, though in many sections the yield of wheat is very abundant. A gentleman experienced in agriculture, having trav- elied through a large portion of Milwaukee, Waukesha and other counties, of Wisconsin, reports the crops in most ex- celient condition, The insect, ubout which there was 60 great apprehension some time ago, bas done but very little damage, andthe yield of wheat promises to be even larger than that of former seasons. Great incon- venience ts felt, owing to the scarcity of laborers. In many cages females do a great portion of the labor. The crops generally throughout Western Canada pro- mise to be the best that have been hid for years. Both classes of wheat, winter and spring, are of the most cheer- ing character, excellent in particular localities where it has not been affected by the midge and rust, but which is avery large per centage on the area sown, There bas been a mueh larger breadth sown with barley this year than usual; owing to the prices paid lagtfall and winter, and the crops give great promise both of a large yield and of good quality, but in some places complaints are made’ thatthe midge and rust have affected it. All classes of esculent roots are looking well, aad a large crop is gene- rally anticipated, and the crop of hay is tho heaviest one that bas been known for years, AN IMMENSE HARVEST—HOME FESTIVAL. On Wodnesday the largest harvest home festival that has over been held in the West took place in a grove near Cheviot, in the vicinity of Cincinnati, at which there were Present nearly ten thousand persons, men, women and children. Everybody brought their baskets loaded with ions speakers provisi speeches were made by sundry from diferent stands, while in other portions of the grove there were dancing, music, &c. The day’s festivities will Jong be remembered, and next aunual fostival of & Harvest Howe Association will be looked forward to in Seeger 5 yesterday will be in y' General Officers ef the Army. 0 TUS EDITOR OF THE HERALD. When the history of this rebellion comes to be written, the writer and reader will be puszled to discover the principle upon which many of our leade?s were appointed, and they will be astonished to find that whiist-4n same cases men were selected from their known qualifications as soldiers or for brilliant action tn the field, ia many others pot only had no such merit existed, but the men were known to be perfectly untitied for the places, and had been guilty of acts, both civf and military, whieh, in any ot! er country, would have debarred them from the Privioge of wearing even the uniform of a private in the ranks, inuch less the star of a general officer. It may be safely assertea that in no other enlight- ened country iu the world could s man be selected for a high and responsible military po- sition who, going amongst a catholic and glave- holding people, would attempt to conciilate thom, when conciliation was both the policy and the doctrine of the government, by publishing a proclamation, the main features of which were a radical abuse of the catho- lic religion and of slavery; nor could such a map remain jo position after adding to such an act a positive diso- bedience of the orders of bis superior officer in a matter wherein he choke to listen rather to tho dictates of a morbidly diseased mild than to the well settled policy of thé government, as enunciated by his commanding officer, whom he was sworn to obey. Nowhere else could a man be promoted to the highest miliitary grade when, in place of showing bigh military talent upon the field, he had aniformally been distioguish- ed by a total absence of such, and have been so reported by his commanding officers, whose sole qualification (?) for the position was a blind endorsement, for the time, of @ vacilating Koveroment ip & particular policy, regardiess of any consideration as to whether that pabioy was con- stitutional or calculated vo benefit the country. Nowhere else could @ man perfeetly unused t) arms, fresh (rom ctvil life and who never hoard a shot tired in anger in bis life, be appointed to the position of major wit first being tried in subordinate posi- ‘ton Wo vee if he bad the of & cat or could give Recessury direction to face a regiment about, should enemy suddenly appear in its rear. Nowhere else could & man be selected for promotion to oiticer who was notoriously the least fitted for a && men, and when ais dap apie Xie steno them aside and try others; but the trouble so far has been that a ihe eaaizved thet in Dut ove siogle case bos the Ra Ey ee Syrtr didgrent ters ot the highen rade fr nrabor ol ” tothe peoay aged yon there stent thot ave of being reduce CH RS Tip fhe, should be ‘in the samme way redaced and compelled Dy the most intelligent volunteer officers, but by theover- ambitious aspirants after military fame who have ae other hope for such distinction. With the especial grievance complained of in be- batt of Geoeral MoCiernand we have nothing to do, further than to inquire of his advocate whether or not it is true that General MoClernand seat General Grant word, when fighting before Vicks- i that be bad captured certain batteries of the y and gained his lines, when, in fact, @» had made no impreasion on him? further, did MoClernand send on that occasion, and @ report of his success, for s brigade, which was furnished him, and subsequently slaughtered througo bis boastful ignorance? If gothere . is @ terrible account of blood against him; if false it e easily disproved. It must be within the advocates knowledge, if he knows anything ofthe ma:ter, thas there were palpable things assigtfed as reasons for reliev; ing General McClernand other than the jealousy of General Grant at McClernand’s rising fame. Therefore the statement is untrue. Nothing could be more unjust Or erroneoes than to say that West Point generals felt @hatred to McClernand or any other volunteer general. Tho climax of absurdity is ocortainly reached when it is assumed that MoCiernand was the mainspring in “the great Mississippi river campaign,” Fortunately we have evidence to the contrary in the report of Admiral Porter, who is nota West Point general. It is quite time to rebake this miserable and systematic at- tempt of ignorant, would-be soldiers to bring our aly thoroughly educated officers into disfavor, that the poll- ticians may role in the army, as they have succeeded in doing elsewhere, until they have brought the country to the brink of ruin, that will require all the available skill ana learning at our command to avert, unaided by blustering demagogues or windy orators. The highest praise that can be accorded to General Grant is that there is no systematic attempt ever made to puff him: his deeds speak for them- of West Point in the minds of many. by any one that that institution caa give @man brains; but he who has passed through its severe ordeal must be above intellectual mediocrity. Great mill- tary genius is the lot of but few. Can aay one doubt, how- ever, that education aids even genius in any great work? When a thoroughly educated officer is placed under the command of a political ignoramus, and sees hundreds of his follow men slaughtered through the inability of their commander, is it jealousy that makes bim ‘proteas agaist iW the commander ter only knew that he did aot understand what to do he might resign his position; but it is the absurd that umes 4 a ti RSS Hf H Ld Fe i i g ry gE & = # oye sie bins semen Hj E af fit i é 2 4 thore ates. Lf i y' A meeting of editors of ous parts of the State of Pennsylvania, 1th instant, at the Merchants’ Hotel, Philadelphia. G, Sanderson, of the press, was chosea presi- dent. The convention was represented by over thirty editors. The following preamble and resolutions were — hereas, the freedom of and of the preas hag ever been a cherished right, founded as well in reason as law, guaranteed to us by the constitution of the ited States as well as the Constitutioh of Pennsyivnia. And Seal its maintenance is essential to the inteili- gent oxercis6 of the elective franchise. . And whereas, its abridgment or suppression is a direct thrust at liberty, and, in a popular ment like ours, atacit fession that the acts of those who attempt speech and of the / ser is to_the perpetuity of liberty as the freedom the ballot box; and that those who assail the rights of ‘the former would not hesitate to strike down the latter, and are equally the enemies of the peoplo. , That we emphatically denounce e at tempt to interfere with or abridge the libert; or pooch, or of the preas, whether it be by the unlawful arrest and imprisonment of public speakers and editors, or by sup. pressing bewspapers by either mob violence or pretended Civil or military authority. Resolved, That inasmuph as this liberty interests every citizen, and ite denial, abridgment or destruction may aflect him personally, we call upon all, without distinction of party, to vindicate their bigh privilege in this behalf; and here we cannot but expross our astonishment that biicam editors have not only stood by aud seen this dearest of American op viviated, but have actually and endorsed violation. ved, That, let others doas they may, for ourselves we intend (o stand up for our rights as American free. men; that wo will never yield them, Dut will assert and pan eee oy or , by our votes, and, if need our be, by Resotved, That a committee of three be appointed b; the President of this convention to prepare and publi an addreas the people of Pennsylvania on this im- s 8 iv ii Fe 333 i F Siz : i | i ; i ze if zl S, & | é H : it rf E 3 § E 3 5 z E 2 : i & i La i i sreiis i i i i i seo i | id SC rermnent Uolted Staten may assume the Reh Some we believe, fe the fires protest of the id which has yet been issued by American sufferers by the Cou- federate privaveers. : | ————e errs we ee wees ew - - ———- >