The New York Herald Newspaper, May 6, 1862, Page 10

EVACUATION OF YORKTOWN. ail CONTINUED FROM THIRD PAGE. age, dy the rebel General Magruder, two thousand Giaves Lave been constantly employed, principally ob the fertiscations in the immediate vicinity of Yorktown and ‘across tho river at Gloucester. These have been assisted By the effective rebel force, some seven thourand meny, which General Magruder has had under bis comma”, ‘Mey were composed chiely of Virginia, Georgy, Als- ‘Dama and Louisiana troops. ‘The fortitications which were employed ty the British ‘to resist the American forces when Washy agton besieged Yao place aze very inconaiderable compy.red with the im- ‘mense defences which the rebels hay? constracted. The actent works can hardly be recogy,ized, they have been @itered andfmmproved 80 much. ‘The spot on which the ‘main defences stand is admira’)ly adapted by nature for @efence. That immense connected fortification, with its ‘Bumerous salfeat angles, of which 1 spoke ina former Jetter, and omwhich their heaviest guns were mounted, is @f cace a beautiful and a wonderful work. The ditch is @eep, but dry; the parapet is lofty, and would be difficult Yoncale, This work, with a water battery below, com- ‘mands the river on the Yorktown side. Running toward Whe right of the rebel lines thero is along breastwork, wot piercedfor guns, but having in front a ditch of the ame depth as that before the fort. This breastwork eounects an elegant redoubt of considerable magnitude, another breastwork of the same description connects another redoubt beyond, still further to the left. On this wedoubt there had been mounted a number of colum- ‘Winds and Dehbigren naval guns, with one siege Bowitzer. It is now occupied by the Fortieth New York regiment, whose banners are streaming from the walls. In front of these works there is an im- ‘mense area of opem ground which is completely com- meanded by their guns. Trees which were standing a year ago have been cut down by the rebels to give free wange to their artillery. Deep gorges and ravines are ‘tmsicde and about these fortifications. This natura] ad- ‘vantage furnished good cover for their troops against ‘@rtillery fire, and rendered the position difficult to as- @anlt. To the left of the Yorktown road—the enemy’s wight—as you approach the town, other fortifications had ‘Deen constructed. On the line of the Warwick road, a few hundred yards from the Yorktown turnpike, there feasmall-ravine. An inconsiderable stream has been ‘made to increase the extent of a natural swamp in front ‘f the works at this point. This is near the ‘spot where Lord Cornwallis surrendered to Wash” imgton and the British laid down their arms. Purther to the right of the enemy’s line, along the course ef tho Warwick river, there are other earthworks which Thave not yet had all opportunity to examine. This morning General Smith, on left wing of our army, advanced and took possession of the works in his front which have been abandoned by the enemy. Genera} Keyes has just now ordered the occupation of the works at Lee's Mill. The remainder of the corps are all in readi- wees to make our next onward movement toward Rich- mond. Whether the rebels have abandoned their whole ne of works on the Warwick river hos not yet beeen definitely ascertained; but it appears probable that they Rave. For some days movements of an important sharacter on their part on tho left have been anticipat- ad by us; yet the intelligence of a contraband who came im yesiarday, with the positive statement that they had gone, wasthonght suspicious, because he made other state- ments in reference to their position that we knew tobe wotrue. ‘To recur again to the works near the York river, sur. Founding the town. When we arrived inside the for, we found that tents were left standing, with bedding and ‘erticies of luxury inthem. On the canvass and sides of ‘the buts were caricatures of Union soldiers. Many of the Aents were cut in different places. Four large trucks fo" warrying heavy guns stood near the dock, with an im” menze quantity of lumber. ‘The magazines were constructed in the most careful manner, This fort had been occupied by the first bat- falion New Urieans artillery, the Eighth and Thirtieth Alabama regiments, the Tenth and Fourteenth Louisiana regiments, and the Thirteenth and Forty-ffth Georgia tegiments. These troops were ordered to report at Soward’s Grove, four miles from Richmond, and left the Tort at midnight. A rear guard was left, which at last Petired in the greatest haste. ‘The first gun on this large work, mounted on the left, ‘ooking towards the river, was an eight-inch columbiad, and next in their order were mounted a nine-inch Dahl. @reen, & ten-inch columbiad, three nine-incn Dahigreen gens. Directly underneath, in the water battery, there “were four eight-inch columbiads and an old forty-two- ound earronade. On the large work above, besides ‘Wore Ihave already mentioned, there were, just about the brow of the hill, two thirty-two-pounder siego guns, ‘Shree thirty-two pounder ship guns, taken from the Norfolk Navy Yard, three eight-inch columbiads in one ‘Pesition and four in another. All these guns command ‘We river. Tothe right of the river battery, and bearing ‘nm the open space of land which I have described, there Je @ thirty-two-pounder ship gum, and then, mounted on a barbette carriage, a long twenty-four. Pounder seacoast gun. The next was a thirty-two- Peunder, and close by another eight-inch columbiad. ‘Still farther to the right, bearing on the land, were thirty-two-pounders, twenty-four-pounders, and an eight- fwch columbiad. After a good forty-two-pounder there ‘were four o)d ship carronades, which were little cise than useless. There were other pieces of ordnance, gome of smalier calibre, in the works farther to the Fight. Several of the guns were spiked, several hud Durst, the fragments being scattered around in the forts, and afew had been dismounted, probably by our Shots. 1 saw one which appeared as if it bad been Buccked clean over. THE REBEL ARMY. ‘When the Union troops advanced a month ago and in- vested the enemy's position, General Magruder was in fewwand of Yorktown with some seven thonsand five Bandred or eight thousand men. Our appearance put the rebel General and his southern suppariers into the great- ear state of trepidation. Reiuforcements were immedi Btely sent for,and they kept arriving until three days Bince at the rate of sometimes more, and sometimes less than Gye thousand aday, untilat one time, only a few Gass ago, they had about one hundred thousand men aloug Cieir whole line from right to left, and on the peniveula, These men wore kopt at work moking Whe fortifieatious strouger. General Johnston himself fend the greater portion of his army were here. Up to ‘within a few days since the rebels intended to give battle Bere. Finding, however, that the heavy prajectilos which we bad thrown over were so terribly destructive, and ‘Dav ing reason to believe that the batteries we were build ‘mg would, when they should open, econ compe! them to @urrender, joined with otber equally suggestive circum. Stances, satisted the rebel generals that their position ‘would speedily be untenable, and that the best policy for ‘hem to pursue was to evacuate. It seems that they @readed our gunboats quite as much as our bat- Vries and our regiments, I have reliable informa. that the Monitor had been taken, that eckson had met and defeated Banks, and that at Coriath had utterly annibilated our army and was fest extending his jurisdiction to the North. Such were ‘the statements made to the poor deluded rebel soldiers © keep their courage up. The rebels had an utter Sion. The opinion ip the rebel camps was that they could ot successfully contend against ironclad gunboas ‘This ie A branch of the servico in which the rebels are deficient, They found considerable diMenity in pro. uring eufficient transportation for their soldiers when they commenced reinforcing Yorktown, a few wooke ago, for some of the troops came by boats on both the ‘York nnd James rivers, while others marched by iand, ‘The eteainer Logan was one of the transports which they ated. She went to West Point, where, am informe, the rebels are building half a dozen gunboate, ‘The following (+bie shows the Dumber in come of the webe! regiments — Aggregate Thirteenth Alabarmo regiment 462 Twenty-sixth Alabama regimen au | Twenty -(hird Georg eut 300 689 10a 89 . 22 or eharpebooters had been killing so mony of their men, enpecially ep their right wing, nour the James Fiver, whore owe were etruck by the wilt rife balls, Wye wv holy tevle, that ay or | "yaw YORK wert HERALD, TUESDAY, MAY 6, 1862—TRIPLE SHEET. tents to be moved to th derstood, and all the‘ “,eason of the large numbers of lizards she whol’, repel army lay out one night in the rain, with fennt”, covering. @ rear. The order was misun. | pers on all the Penobscot river; and, by industry, dili* , _ @nts were taken from the troops | gence and care, he was enabled, up to the com- vLiard Hill, Theeminence derived | mercial reverses of 1867, to amass a handsome for- ge. The opening of hostilities, which in the early part able there. In consequence of this mistake | of last year interrupted the successful prosecution of nearly all kinds of business, found him successfully overcoming the reverses of that great commercial crisis from several sources of information I have become | His personal appearance is very prepossessing, he being convinced that the larger part of the rebel army was considered one of the finest looking generals in the Poto- completely demoralized. The three deserters of which | mac army. Although General Jameson has always been Ihave already spoken, who came inside our linea early | a strong and consistent democrat, yet he is not of the this morning, said thatall but three companies of the | ultra schoo! of politics. Ho was in fact, without hi® down their arms and re-enlist Virginia regiment, whose term of {enlistment | knowledge or consent, supported by the conservative wing of the party for the office of Governor of his native Tne Portsmouth | State while on duty in the Army of the Potomac, and his continue any longer in | friends refer with pride and satisfaction to hishome vote service, and for their refueal they were put in | on that occasion. At the present time the administra- house. It is said that five thousand of Genoral | tion of President Lincoln has no warmer or more disin- were captured the other side of Yorktown and brough; | and, from personal observation of men and things, in. Since the 3d @ large number of deserters have come | be was enabled, even at that carly day, to form in, and they report their army as thoroughly dishearten- | 82 opinion, which he freely expressed ou his return, cf @dand demoralized, Those who find themselves in the | the designs of the ultra mon of the South. He was al- rebel ranks are utterly disgusted with the rebellion. | W4Y8 @ warm personal friend and great admirer of Ste- An officer of Northern birth and sympathy, who was un- phen A. Douglas, to whom he clung with fond attachment ‘willingly in the Quartermaster’s Department in the rebel | through all the struggles of his eventful life, and up to service at Yorktown, told me that he knew of numbers | the moment of his death, and the memory of that great who were induced to join the robel army from the force | S*#tesmen is stil] dear to him. General Jameson was, if of public opinion at their homes, Every man them who did not want to fight against the Union of our fathers was sneered at and calledan abolitioniat. The Conscription act passed by the Confederate Congress in Governor, in command of April has been the means of creating universal dissatis- faction among the men. By its terms, which are-so much in confiict with the spirit of freedom, soldiers who there are eleven of the Dahigren guns which wore taken I mistake not,the first man in the State of Maine who offered his services to the government in the hour of her extremity and danger. He was immediately put, by the tho First regiment, although the second in number, from that State which marched to the defence of our then beleaguered capital: He commanded this regiment at the battle of Bull runs where he showed his bravery. It was on accounto from off the Merrimac when she was scuttled by the meritorious conduct on that bloody and disastrous field rebels at the Norfolk Navy Yard. Besides those they have two thirty-two-pound rifled cannon which carry an eighty-five pound shell. Some of the carriages which were partly burned, have been used in mounting the guns. ‘When we occupied Yorktown the whole place present- ed the most pitiable appearance. were the sole inhabitants of the town. Some of the most interesting houses had been torn down. The marble monument outside, where the British forces under Lord Cornwallis surrendered, had been knoeked to pieces and carried away by individual rebel soldiey houses had been used as hospitals, but the sick and wounded had all been removed before we entered. But baggage belonging to officers, and preserved stores be- longing to the Medical Department, have been captured. enlisted for twelve months and whose term of service has just expired, are compelled to reenlist. The fall of Now Orleans produced an uncontrollable desire on tho part of the Louisiana’ troops to return to their homes. Ever since the Crescent City has failen iuto Union hands the troops from Louisiana have been stenling away and going home. The spirit of dissatisfaction and disgust had infnged itself into the whole rebel army. The fortifications opposite at Gloucester consisted or earthworks to command the river. When we invested Yorktown all the soldiers which had been encamped there, except a few hundred artillerists, were broughy over to Yorktown. Gloucester Point could have been oasily taken then by a few thousand men. Subsequently they sent sonie of the soldiors back. The ancient Nelson house, taken once from Cornwallis and now from the rebeis by our forces, is still standing. It is an extentive brick structure, and was used as a hospital. From our camps, before the evacuation, we conld distinctly see the yollow flag floating from this house. The old church had been set apart as a Qnartermaster’s depot. The alarm bell was stationed on a hovse which was known as General Kain’s headquarters. Close by the church was the prison, and the prison doors were open. There are ® number of interesting spots which I have not time to describe. Several mines had been pre. pared for our troops, by placing percussion ehella under- ground, in the readways and entrance to the fort, Torpedoes and shells, with a fuse fastened to small wires, had been also placed in redoubts, The Fifth New York regiment (Duryee’s Zouaves) had five men killed and several wounded by the explosion of a torpedo. The Thirty-eighth New York Volunteers, Colonel Hobart Ward, had two men killed and four wounded by the | Carious ‘Revelations from the that he received the appointment of Brigadier General of Volunteers, His cdnduct on the occasion referred to has ‘become a matter of history through the honorable men" tion made of it in the official report of Gonerals Keeys ana Tyler. It was the regiment commanded by him tbat formed the rear guard of the retreating A few contrabands | °!umaon the Warrenton road from Cub run to Centre- ville. General Tyler, in his official report, alluding to the charge on our rear by the Black Horse cavalry, uses the following language:— . T immediately formed a were composed mostly of Second Maine, which I placed under command of Several of the | Colonel Jameson, with orders to protect our rear to.Cen- trevilie, which command was gallantly and successfully executed. General Jameson was appointed Brigadier Getieral on the 3a of September, and was soon afterwards placed in command of one of the brigades in General Hointzelman’s division. No strouger evidence is needed of bis charac- ter as a strict disciplinarian and a man of untiring in- dustry and energy—and, coupled with his past history, of unquestioned fitness for his position—than is gathered from the fact that the raw and undisciplined recruits over whom he was placed have boen gradually moulded nto good soldiers. He is a man of sound sense and good natural ability, and, if he survives the present war, his name will undoubtedly be honorably mentioned in the future history of the country. IMPORTANT MOVEMENT OF THE FRENCH MINISTER. Fortress Mowror, May 4, 1862.. ‘he Fronch Minister at Washington, M. Mercier, ar- rived at Yorktown on Sunday morning, in a special boat frdm Washington. The Gassendi was to go up for him last might. ESCAPE OF JEFF. DAVIS’ COACHMAN. “Rebel White House,” &e. Wasuincrox, May 5, 1862. The following statement, dated yesterday, on the Rap- pahannock, has reached Washington: Acolored man came in to-day from the other side of theriver, and represented himself as Jef? Davis’ coach- man. From anexamination of him this is probably the truth. He repeats scraps of convorsation overheard whilst driving Mr. and Mrs. Davis in the carriage, and between Mr. Davis and those who came to see him. Mr. Davis and General J. E. Johnston had some hoated discussions about the latter’s retreat from Manassas, bursting of a prepared shell. The Fortieth New York Davis disapproved of it, and ordered Johnston to make a Volunteers lost one man killed and two wounded. The Seveniieth regiment New York Volunteers lost two men killed. Other casualties have occurred ; but I cannot send you particulars at present. The retreat of the rebels appears to have been pre- clpitate. They commenced carrying all but their guns back to Williamsburg four days ago. Wagons have been engaged in transporting their ammunition, pro. visions and camp equipage for nearly a week past. ‘Their sick and wounded, numbering over two thousand five hundred, were sent to Richmond ten days ago. ‘The rebel council of war was held in Mrs. Nelson's hnuse at Yorktown, on Tuesday and Wednesday last: Jeff. Davis and two members of his Cabinet, Generals Leo, Magruder anid nine other gouerals were presmt. ‘The debates were warm and exciting; but finally it was resolved to evacuate. The generals entrusted with the orders of evacuation kept it@ profound secret from the officers and men. On the night of the 34, one of the rebel magazines had burst, and the fire scattered to where a large number of boxes filled with cartridges were piled up. As each pox | caught the fire the report was similar to a regiment dis- charging a volley. Nineteen rebels are said to haye beon killed, and over sixty wounded The rebol soldiers aud negroes wevo at work on their intrenchinents wutil one o'clock in the morning, when thew rear guard ordered the work to cease, and the | march for Williamsburg (0 be taken up. Iu the hose of Mrs. Nelson, where General Magruder bad slept the night | beiore the evacuation, [ found several open letters lying unfolded on @ table. Two were addressed to General McClellan, oue to the first Yankee who comes, one to Abs Lincoln. One of thove to General McCicilan reads as fol- | lows: — Guxnnsi, MCOLRLLAN—You will be surprized (o hear of | our departure at this stago of the game, leaving you in | m of this worthless town: but the fie j m, we have other engagements to attend to wait any longer. Our boys are gotiir s damned place, aud the he le while. Adjuta " Posted on the gate of the fort was a piece of paper, with the following, in the most miserable bandwr Tine wt ro You Yasna— é This is and oppitunity of which J have taken to ipfarm a the opinion of the press. theayes of the of the land lave a little more laud fir you to plunder aud steel from the good people of this contry. Y Rebs dels. What for. we quit you truly becanse you would not is our wrights. We have quit o again. You brag of your superiety. itis true you have a fleet. we have rione. You have a here we have thre or fore tim: as mEny men. The General here whipped you with ali theso advantages and will do it again, the’ worst of all. you tri to make forren nations bleave that you whip evry | Sary General of Subsistance, stand at Gordonsville. Johnston declined to do thts,and offered to resign, and was even indisposed to go to York- town. Mrs. Davis said she thought this very bad in him (Johnston) to be unwilling to go and help General Magruder. Mrs. Davis read an article inthe Richmond Examiner to her husband, saying that it was part of the Yankees’ plans that Generals Banks and McDowell were to form a Junction in Louisa or Caroline county and move down oa Richmond. Mr. Davis remarked he thonght that was so: ‘but his generals would take care of them. ° ‘The coachman overheard a convorsation between Davis and Dr. Gwin, formerty United States Senator from Cali- fornia. Davis said that he had sent General J. R. Ander- son from North Carolina to resist the march of the fede- rais from Fredericksburg, and delay them there long | enough for him to see the probable result of the contest be- fure Yorktown ,so that if that was likely to be unsuccessful he would have time to extricate bis army from the Po- ninsula and get them into Richmond and out of Virgivia ; that otherwise they would all be caught, The coachman foprosents that Mrs. Davis said “the confederacy was about played out,” and “that if Now Orleans was really taken she bad no longer any interest in the matter, as all sue hag was there; that it was a great pity they had ever attempted to bold Virginia aud the other nongrow- ing cotton States,” and that che said to Mrs, D. R. Jones, danghter of Colonel Jame: ot, United States Commis. 10 was very anxious to got to Washington, where she has one of her chiidren, “not to give herself any trouble, but only to stay where she was, und when the Yaukees came to Richmond she could ge. The coachman gays that Mr. and Mre. Davis have all their booka, clothing and pictures packed up, rondy to move off; that there is much outspoken Union feeling in Michmond; that, having beén @ waiter {a a hotel there, le knows ali the Union mon of the place, and thatthe Yankees are looked for with much plescure--more by #thaneven the colored people. Conf ederaie monoy is not taken when it can be « voided. Mrs. Davis herself was refused when sho offered a ten dollar Confederate note, which she did in payment for something purchased for Mrs. Brown. Many of the Richmond people wish the Union troops to come, as they arc half starved out. ‘Tho bank and goverament property is all packed up for removal to Danville, near the North Carolifia line. General Julmston did not think (hey would succeed at Yorktown. ‘The coachman overheard the rebel oflcers say if they fafled at Yorktown aud New Orleans they would leave Virginia. .time. did you do it at corwinth with to mon te one? at Bull run—at mauassus—at Bethul—yet when we <0@ Pd may B00 of the battle y big things. were tort to hate you fro oy child! inood’ and will continue 10 dc eos. we know ask you to let us alone, for if you do not many aoan will bit the dust,and sease to be avi more. Y. published a lie since you come hore about the skirmish that taken place the other day. you say youre dead and wounded was halled of in amberlanee. i will tell you what you did wounded two men a littie that is al. Respy. a Rebbel. JNO. W. RIDD. As soon as the evacuation of Yorktown became knewn in the camps the bands of the different regimenis com- menced playing, amidst the cheering of the soldiers. ‘The following order was sent to the divisions and brigades at seven A. M., from General McClellan: — Commandants of regiments will prepare to waich with two daye’ rations, with the utmost despateh. Leave not w retura. At about nine A. M. the troops began to march, the First regular cavairy and four batteries of artillery loadings Tente were strack, knapsacks strapped, and Within an hour after the order was given the trogps were marching through Yorktown. All our gunboats came up at mine o'clock. Some ma. Tines were landed at Gloucester, ‘They raised the United States fleg amid cheering that could be heard across the river, The boats ail then loft, and are now ronning up York river to shell the banks on voth sides md out off the retreut of the enemy ‘The number of heavy wine expired is about seventy: ‘The rebele took thelr Held artillery away with thom Sketch of General Brigadier General Charies 1. Jameson, who ied the | troops who first entered Yorktown » me x: | bork in Cus counsP, Maine, on the With duy of Februnry, 1827. He is an opty child | rents are #18 living io Old Town, Maine, to whieb pice they removed during the infaney of theif son. ite has | the advantage of limited academic education, and ey, parking in the lumber wusiness very early tn life, he ve. | camo, by ibe gradual gad corefol expansion of it, one o, t| a 7 Wo MANES Cireeting th | the largest and moet ea\Goetve MAPUIAGhOTEr® wud ship. | adjourned, ¢ Death of a Military Telegraph Operator, Wasurvatox, May 5, 1962. D. B. Lathrop, operator on the United States Military Telegraph, died last night from injuries caused by the ox, plosion of a torpedo placed by the rebels ia the deserted telegraph office at Yorktown. Mr. Lathrop was a residcat f Springfield, Ohio, and was highly esteemed by his brother telegraphorsand all whoknew him. Hewasalwars ‘among the first to volunteer to fill the post of danger, and is services in the front ranks will be painfully mis#ed. The Success of General McClclian. Ainany, May 5, 1862. ‘The glorious success of General McClellan is hailed with mueb enthusiasm here. At noon to-day one hun- dred guns were fired and the belis of the city rung in honor of the victory, Count Crain. 70 THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD. I will be obliged te you to say in your paper that the statement which is to be found in your Washington cor- reapondence of yesterday, that the alleged swindler, Connt Sweinitz Cram, ran up a bill of eight hundred dol. Jare at the New York Hotel, is incorrect. Tho distin. uished gentleman never saree at my hotel, and I never Beard of him till read the nofice in the paper uf estoy day. Ihave been favored with a different clase of foreign gentlomen as my guesta. HIRAM CRANSLUN. New York Hover, Naw Yorn, May 6, 1862. Cacanrens’ Convaxtiox ‘The annual convention of the | evieketera of the United States was held at the Astor House lastevouing. Mr. Sharp was appointed Chairman protem. The following clubs sent delegates:—New York Willow, Brookiyn, Salem, Massuchusettsa; East Now Now York, Queens Connty, Satlites, Williamsburg, an several other clubs unknown to the erioketing fraternity. Me, Salmon wae appointed permanent Chairman for the enon ing season, and Mr, Dispecker, of the Amerienn ciub, was @lected Secretary. The minutes of the last convention wert read and approved, The ¢ommittee of last season ‘Wore reolected to arrange for the Canadian match, ae well th thot nand Philadelphia clubs, The meeting neve (o the yall of the Che) man, gable rivers, thie must NEWS FROM EUROPE. ARRIVAL OF THE STEAMSHIP HAMMONIA, THREE DAYS LATER INTELLIGENCE, British Views of the Situation of Affairs in the United States. ADVANCE IN AMERICAN STOCKS AND COTTON, &e., &e. &o, The steamship Hammonia, Captain Schwensen, from Hamburg 20th and Southampton 23d ult., arrived at this port atalate hour last night. Her advices are three days later than those received by the America. ‘The International Exhibition rapidly, and no doubt exists as to its being opened on the day ap- pointed. ‘Tho Royal Sovereign, which 1s being converted into a cupola, will have @ poweriul “beak” below the water line, so that sho may be used 2s 4 ram, Tho China arrived at Queenstown on the 21st of April, with the news of the battle of Pittsburg Landing, She experiended severe easterly weathor. Nothing has been heard with regard to the screw steamer Wisbeck, which was chartered for the convey- ance of military stores to Canada. Great anxiety isfelt ‘as to the fate of the steamer. Tbe steamship Hammonia, on tho 234 of April, off Portland, passed Bremen steamer Hansa, On the Ist inst., latitude 43 20, longitude 50 40, eaw two large ice- bergs. we THE WAR IN THE UNITED STATES. British Opinions of the Condition of Af- fairs—Comments of the Press on the Battles at Island No. Ten and Pittsbur; Landing, and the Retreat of the Rebcis from Manassas—The Tax Bill, &c., &c. [From the London Times, April 21. But, in reality, the whole of these’ successes along the coasts of North Carolina and Florida are, it is declared, an advantage to the South and an evil to their its. Let any one look at the map, and he will see that both districts [Pea Ridge and Beanfort, N.C.) are widely remote from the scene of active operations, The campaign will not be decided by little towns on the coast, but by great armies inthe field, and on some point of ground the presence of 10,000 men, or their absence, may decide the fate of a batt'e and a campaign. Now, tho result of these operations on the coast is to throw 15,000 Southern troops which were idle into the active service of the field, and to withdraw 15.000 Northorn troops from the fleld to while away their time in sea bathing. The effect is to strengthen the comparative force of the South on the reaily vital point by 30,000 men. Nor is this all. What is the cost tothe North of this branch of its operations? Barnride’s expedition alone must be costing more than the entire outlay of the British forces in the Crimea, It is now much larger than the army at the Alma, and every man at twice the rato of pay. And what will be the position of these men afew weeks hence, Already, before the summer begins, typhoid f A smallpox have broken ont in tho expedition und erman, Which is building hos- pitas instead of taking Savannah, Thus we find that tho only event which has occurred up to the present time of serious injury to the South is the fallof Fort Donelson, before numbers, by Northern accounts, in the proportion of three tooue. That, when stripped of all exacgeration, was re: weighty blow and was followed by unworthy confusion. But what are the results’ A month has since elapsed at the most critical season of the year, for in a fow weeks the Cumber- land and Tonsiesse rivers will cease to be navigable by gunboats. On many accounts tine is of Vitel impor- tance, yet what has beon done? A Governor is appointed the most offdsive to the peoplo that could nave been tovnd; Nashville is occupied, and the papers are sup- pressed; but, meanwhile, the Southern forces have ¢ol- lected at Jackson, Memphis, Decatur, and Chattanoogi, and the main Sonthern army of the West has never been engaged. Chattancega is @ central position of great value. In the midst of a hilly country, healthy, and defensible against twofold numbers, it is Counectod by lines of rail. way with Virginia, Charieston, Savannah, Now Orleans, Mobile and Memphis. Hence, an army placed herecoul send a division at once to any of those points, or if itself threatened could receive aid from each of them, In the event of disaster to the Northera forces that army would rececupy Nashville, nor could any largo foree pass fur- ther south and leave itintho rear. Hence wo shall be likely to find this @ prominent position in the future of the war, should the Southern forees be driven out of the border States. It is, indeed, true that all parties in the North assume that the loss of Virginia would terminate the struggle, But they were equally certain that on the loss ‘of fork Donneison the Southerners would throw down their arms, and so strong was this delusion that cotton, which had touched oe per pound, actually fell to twen- ty. The loss of both Virginia and ‘North Carolina would still leave the original confederacy intact. It was the view of many of the ablest politicians of the Galf States that the adhesion of the border States would be a disadyantage to them—that, standing alone, they were of one mind on alll points, while the ac cession of those States would introduce, to some extent, other interests. Further. they held that the border States would be of more value as their natural allies, with the camp of their adversaries, than if enlisted on their side. Hence, the loss of the whole of these States would simply bring back the movement to its, original dimensions, and to the position which many of ite ablest men deemed from the first to be most advan- tageous. It is true there would be for a time a great loss of prestige, but that has not generally been rouch considered by men fighting for independence. Ina mili- tary sense it would bring into play the physical advanta- ges of tho South, of which their oppouents have yet te ‘experience the ellects. ‘ ‘Many, indeed, belleve that the mora! effect would be decisive; but here the division of the country into States, each in itself thoroughly and indopendently organized, and in size.a kingdom, acts a8 a barrier to the progresé of moral influences. ‘To us, as we read or think, New Or- Jeaue and Charleston come within the eaine field of view, bat this is not so on the spot. ‘There they are separated by @ yast distance; an occurrence at one of them is to the otlier a remote event. If New Orleans were taken, there would be a panic for a time throughout Lonisiana, Jeston the effect would probably be a burning etrieve tho disgrace. oment the chances appear as greatiy that the noral McClellan will be arrested by difficulties army of G as that it willachieve any great success. In ivaneing with an army which has been tranaported by #20, ho must of neceastty be weak in c d comparatively 80 in artillery. n be to him absolute ruin, while the Southorn forces would haye Richmond to fall back upon. There hag been abundance of time, men, and materials to ronder the lines around Richmond strong enough to ar- roat very superior numbers, while it is quite possible that he may find there forces equal in number to his own—in the midst of their resources, in command of tho Southern railways, and actuated ‘by # spirit which under like circumstances, has seldom been found wanting in Any race of men. What would be tho aspect of tho war if MoClellan should fail to t Rich- mond and fall back upon his transports—what the effect ou the money market of Now York? Such an event is by no means so improbable as that the Merrimac in hor first sally should destroy two frigatos nd three gunboats, or that Bull run should bo retrieved by returning from {t @ second time to Wash- ington. Yet both these improbabilities have occurred. Such are the opinions and hopes of the Southern peo- ple. They may be founded on illusive views of the war, of their own strength aud their adversaries’ weaknose: but they indicate that the people are resolute and confi. dent, aud that the submission which the North is pre- dicting is in a very distant future, {From the London Timos, April 22.) ‘The tidtngs of fae battle fought in America, and the report of tens of thousands siaiu, wounded an tured, come to spur our hogging interest in the trans- atlantic civil war. The indecisive and uncertain skir- mishes of the last six months had induced the Engi way up great riyers, and the sudden wunverkation of Oe ee ee entre pales of some grand sc! wore parts of a scheme so vast in its whole yet #0 delicate in its details that it could be comprebended at this groat distance, and with the {i fect to knowledge of the villages and ships America which is possessed B been see what this opening of the re Hitherto only the pawns been pushed ward, the importaut Confederate driven back upon the board, and federal pieces bad been worked into « it for attack. A few pawna had been oither side, but we had for the most part begun ‘wait until some great swoop of the queen or some dangerous check from a knight should recall ua to tho table and givyo an anxious interest to the game, At last this has happened, Tho China brings us news of three great events. Tho first seems te be clear enongh. On the 8th inst. Island No. 10 surrendered to the fedoral guuboats. ‘The Mississippi, therefore, is to thin extent clear of Confederate obstruction, and the gun. boats of the federals can descend the great river until they meet with some new impediment, or, if they think it wise to trast themselves so far, until they gain the neighborhood of New Orleans. The federal ade vices boast that ® hundred siege guns and six thousand prisoners fave been captured upon this island. Putting aside these numbers, which ex- perience teaches us to distrust, the probability is that tho Joss of tho Confederates was very great upon the capture of 8o important a position, So long a8 they shut themeolves up in forts on the couat or upon navi tho result. It was a principle nef old fashioned warfare that all fortifications may bo taken with a given forced and in a given time. With the great superiority possessed by the federals in ships, it iespaiis stores and artillery, this becomes & much more rapid cor! tainty; and jn the present relative condition of the two bayies we may take it for granted that when the Confederates give hatte at a point which can be reached by «hips they mast be beaten. We do not pre. tend to censure (heir tactics in defending theso river forts, We canmotsoli what the exigencies of their gen- ‘or what the value to in holding posts where they 4 captured; but ‘bombarded and capt pot A fe town. Yorktown is very near to the sea, the fede: again havo a great advantage in a combat at this Genera McClellan would fight with stores and at hand,and there seems good reason for the fe ticipation that “the place cannot hold out against the immense of men and artillery under General MoClellan,” The army of the Potomac, instead of ad- vancing upen Richmond by land, is now advancing upon the seat of the Confederate government from the coast, and if the army of Manassas is still to defend their capital, wo might expect that it would do so far from the sea and the river as possible. However, nothing deci- sive bad been done, The federal General was still bom- barding the Confederate position, aud this ovent bangs in suspense. : ‘The great fact of this mail is, however, the battle which lasted two days,and which we are asked to be- lieve has put 65,000 mon hors de co It as a largo chessbcard we are oking down upon. battlefield is far away from tho island fort in the Mississippi, and from the pene ee which General McClellan has planted himself. This third great achievement regards. those German voluntoers from the Western States who, deriving, perhaps, a superior efficiency from the habits of drill they had’ acquired in their old country, first turned the face of victory towards the old Stars and Stripes. Tho captors of Fort Henry and Fort Don- ? nelzon have been for some time “advancing along. that frontier ime which separates Tonnessee from the Southern States of Mississi) and Alabama. The in- vaders have held chicily to the valley of tne Tennessee, which is in those partsa broad rivor, often spreading into lakes, In that country and on the banks of that river there are many ambitious litth villages which affect high sounting classical names. There isa swampy little place calling itself Athens, and another called Sparta. Carthage is not a great’ way distant; and, al- though no map yet published contains it, we are ready to believe there is a Corinth somewhere in this classi- cal neighborhood. Here it is the great battle was fought. The meagre accounts we have come exclu- sively from the federals, and therefore it is not unim- portant to find they admit that the attack was made by the confederates under Genorals Bracg, Breckinridge and Jackson, and that those generals had succeeded in con- contrating a superior force against the federal position. ‘Vis superior force numbered, we are told, 60,000 men, The inferior army of the federals was driven back, and the first day was one of victory to the confederates.’ But during the night the defeated army was reinforced, and at daybreak it attacked the victorions confe:lerates, and in their turn drove them “back to Corinth.’’ Many of the confederates were, it is said, cut up by the foderal cavalry, and we are assured thet General m was kile! ant General Beauregard wounded. avery strange story. It was a federal victory, and yet the federal General Prentiss was captured. The confederate Generals Bragg, Breckinridge and Jackson commanded the positions of tho confederates, and yet General Jicaurogard was wounded! the “num. ber of killed and wounded is the most extraordinai of all, Out of an army of 60,000 confederates the eati- mated loss is 35,000! and out of the victorious army of federaie iginally much fess than the confederate aps reinforced to an equality, the loss is 2 are proportions unheard of in any battle siucs that of Thermopyle. It may be so. These Ameri- can combatants may have become suddenly thus des- aN | Bieg, Win Kot perate and bloothirsty in their encounters; but we would rather wait for less hazy details before we ven- ture to speculate upon the results of such a battlo as this. We have seen so — victories melt away like morning mists that we ‘nto estimate probabili- ties before we accept them as historical, France, Orders have been given to the Minister of Marino to hasten the construction of the iron-cased floating bat- tries in the French dockyards. The ae See batteries are to be launched next month:—The Peiho, the Saigon, the Palestro and the Peschiera. These but. teries are to be armed with fourteen guns each. ‘The small gunboat, in the shape of a tortoise, which was built in the Seine, has been moved down to Asnieres to try experiments with her artillery. A from Donai of April 21 says :—The Court of Appeals im this hy pe reversed the judgment of the Court of Paris in of M. Mires on all points, M. Mires has boen entirely reinstated aud set at liberty. M. Simeon’s appeal has been rejected. ‘The London Zimes Paris correspondent says :—Thirty- six bishops, rnp te the total number in France, have notified the Minister of Public Worship of their in- tention of repairing to Rome in compliance with tho sum- mons of the Pope. No impediments will be offered to them by the French government. ae japanese Ax! lors mgt rs borage 4 for Freneh produce to a large amount, Fepaid by pro- duce sent from Japan, to consist chiefly of raw siik and cotton, ‘The wheat and flour markets of Paris were l. Thore was a considerable amount of business transacted at the Havre corn market last week. American ‘ing wheat, 30f. a 31f. 50c. 100 kilos. New York.flour, 81f. 50c. a 88f. per 88 kiloa; Ohio, 86f. ‘Trade in Paria was not so good last week. Symptoms of distress arc seen in the streets. ‘The Bourse was firm and animated. Rentes, 70f. 60c. Italy. ‘The Bishop of Fano had been arrested by order of the King’s Procureur. ‘The subscription opened at Milan for a system of grand canal irrigation for Upper Italy is assuming the dimen- ions of a national subscription. The support of the land- holders has given it a considerable Mmpuise. Advices from Rom confirm the pews that General Goyon has ordered the arrest of Ceutrillo, one of the Drigand chiefs, and the seizure of 100,000 cartouche boxes and 400 uniforms for the brigands. Garibaldi has recovered from his slight indisposition, ‘and will proceed on his mission of founding the Rifle As- sociation in the Italian towns. ‘The Pope ngaven solemn benediction in the Vatican on April 20. The wi attended. ense crowd assembled, and shouts wore raised of Viva il Papa.” A despatch from Turin of April 20 say! Lecco have sent an address to the Poy praying his Ho- Iiness to renounce the temporal powor and to biess ataly. ‘The address bears 700 signatures. A collision has taken place between two trains on the rajlway to Sienn try, was damaged. and’ wounded. ‘The King left on April 22 for Naples, The Prince of Capua died on April 21. The alia announces that 4 French squadron has re- celved orders to repair to Genoa, to escort the King to Naples, An English squadron’ bas recviyed similar orders. One of the trains, coutaining infan- There are about ope hundred dead Spain. A despatch from Madrid of April 19 says:—The nows that the Spanish troops were about to leave Mexico is unfoumled. They will not quit that country until the satisfaction demanded has been obtaiacd. Portugal. The opening of the Cortes on the 224 is looked for with anxiety, on account of the important political questions whieh are at stake, A change in the miuistry is con- sidered probable, and it is expected that a strong co- alition will be the result. Tho United States sloop-of-war St, Louis is at Lisbon, Bavaria. Advices from Munich announce the betrothal of the Grand Duke Ferdinand to the sister of Francis II. The soarriage euremony te to take place on May12, They will reside at 5 {tin aid that tho King, at the desire of hor Majont 8 oa re Queen Victoria, has resolved wf Prince of Prussia to be present a hibition in London, Commercial News. LONDON MOMBY [oxbOs, ABE! 29, 1008. 5 ‘The funds i the steady prices of Saturday, and remained wi it alteration to the close, consols being auoged ate 0 94 both for end Al the back there were an} ions for discount. About £06,000 was taken to "7 In American ees there was a slight reaction in Atlantic and Great Western bonds, and a rise in Iinois Central and Erie shares. LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, arn. 21.—A large usinese waa dono on Monday, and the ealos (od 16,000 bales—8,000 on speculation and for export. Prices 37d. per powod higher than last Avni. 22.—Business only moderate, and the sales do not exceed 5,000 ales_-2,000 on speculation and export. Prices firmly maintained. | LIVERPOOL CORN MARKET. Apri 22.—Thore wae a fair demand for wheat at the prices of this day week. Flour unaltered, Oate dearer, Barley, beans and peas unebanged. Indian corn—There was @ great deal offering, and 288. 6d. gould not be ex- cooded for prime mixed; white, 38, @ Bie. por quarter. connae by the Hammonia, n, G Switrer, BD Lomer, ¥ Frege, A Big phe, Maric Below, J Plere Wa Bigler, Ch Pa nada, Albert Mur , Kiats and indy, F rn ) Hobet, larly and two chilies © Hermann, © F Stoll, 1 Holden, W Net Indy, A Kain, WE Parham, TC Barley, 8 Clase, T Horse: J Belfoing, G Joseph, V'Bohier, T lady, J Mallot, A Rev m Rey. Mr. Rankin which had been received from the State Logi Saree, alter come conaiiersbie tinceunion therein. A member called attention to the fact that there were now nine missions waiting to but such was the financial state Ep eaay it woud: After the transac- of tho parent society during last year were $23,657 62; this "The total: receipts into ihe treaturlea of the tote than landsmen imagined. look upon the sailor hereafter without consider: that he was the one who stepped forward and hole of the French and Pontifical troops 4 THE ANNIVERSARIES. Board of Foreign Missions of the Presby-- terlan Church. The annivereary meeting of the above religious associ ation was held yesterday afternoon at their rooms in Centre street, Rev. Dr. Spring in the chair, ‘Tho besiness transacted was principally ofa routine cha- racter. Tho Treasurer’s report was received, stating that. the whole receipts for the year were $176,882 19, $177," 939 47 having been disbursed. The reports from Japan, China, Siam, Africa and other points of the: were quite voluminous, and ‘ing in those localities as pi Rev. Dr. when Rey. Dr. the described everything rogressing favorably. tendered bis resignation ag 1 ips was roported fer that by Rominating committee. produced a charter for Ge done. |, Was referred. to the named. not be advisable at present to do so. tion of some further unimportant business” Journed to meet at Columbus at the call of the Secretary... ‘the board ad- American men’s Friend Society, ‘The thirty-fourth anniversary of this society was cele- brated last evening at Irving Hall, a large audience be- ing present on the occasion, William A. Booth, Esq.,. President of the society, occupied the chair, ‘The Rev. Dr. Ferris opened the oxercises with an ap- Propriate prayer, A beautiful bymn, commencing ‘‘Fear was within the tossing bark,” was then sung in trio, after which Rey,. H. Loomis, one of the secretaries, read the annual re port, of which the following is an abatract;— ‘The receipts into the treasury branches and auxiliaries, last year, wero $54,052 40. We have as yet received only partial reports from aux. iliaries, What we have received, however, show an in- crease. The floating debt last year was about $7,700. Tnis year it is $6,814 75. Four yoars ago the society commenced oe converted sailors with loan libra- ries for the use of their shipmates at sea. The first year ten libraries were shipped; the second, ninety-four, the third, one hundred and thirteon; the fourth—the past year—one hundred aud seventeon; in all. three hundred and twenty five libraries, of nearly 16,000: volumes, and accessible to over 15,000 seamen at sea. Eighty-two of these librarics are in United States- versels, and-acceesible to more than 10,0¢0 naval seamen. By the number of tho library its rocord or history is. kept. Some of them have been several yoyages; have changed hands and ships several times, and general give svidence of having been well cared for and well used—the best books being most covered with tar. Only: two ure reported lost, and one of these was partially saved by the wreckers, and the wet and carefully dried ‘pouks and fragments of volumes, at last accounts, were: circulating among tho wreckers’ families. ‘The other went down in mid ocean; only one of tho crow was lost. with it, and he was probably saved by it, as he wag. noticed by the captain who had it in charge ‘to be most. deeply interested in the books. These books are not thrown about in a hap-hazard way. It is. a weil dig and economical system of joan libraries, spreading gradu- ally through our 30,000 naval and commercial yeesels. The number of boarders entering during the year has: been 2.161; total since the Home was opened, twenty years, 61,066; destitute men and boys relieved, 110; amount deposited in bank by boarders, or gent to friends. $10,418 15. These figures tell the story of the importance of this institu The Home has Jeased for five yea s, [rom the Istof May, to Mr. John H. Cassidy, who, with girs. sy hag bad much ex- perience In the Sailor's Heme in Philadelphia. Under. their management we have every confidence st will be what ifs name imports—a home'for the sailor, In the struggle for the nation’s salvation, none have more- ricbiy merited your gratitude, ‘your admiration;, none have rendered more cMliciont gervico, or contributed more to roll back the tide of war, and staunch the nation’s flowing blood; none haye offer ed themse!yes a more unflinching and willing sueri- fice to your country’s hoavr, than your sailors. They are the men who amid the crash of ‘battle, still at their guns, could go down with the sinking Cumberland, but leave waving unstruck, wngullied, the Stars and Stsipes—. proud monument aver the grave of the honored dead. Fooie, and Dupont, and Stringham, and MelKoan, and. Hudson, aud a host of heres, officers and men, ave men. of prayer, men of God, and who in gentlences can Jead a Sabbath school child to Jesus, and as coolly lead men. through the crash and roar of battle to victory; men who will tight when it is duty, and dio when the cause is holy. Such is the class of men for whose welfare, now ana for- ever, we labor. As the year has advanced the dark. clouds have been breaking away, the tempest passing by. ‘The year closes with brighter hopes for the land, brighter- for the men of the sea. Our Father is at the beim—in Him is our hope and our trust. Rev. Mr. Srgwarr, one of the chaplaing toseamen, made. Ce his experience as a eailor- among sailors, after which ® new version of “The. Red, White and Blue,” in which Stringham, Morris, Du- ans eat EK oms eee ens ae Se, the audience. Rey. Dr. Topp, of Pittsfield, Massachusetts here. Introduced, and spoke eloquentiy in bebalf of ‘There were three millions of them, and for the most part. these were orphans. He drew the lowing bat simple manner ‘and argued ity were more susceptible of that this class of influences He trusted we should with ee treasonable people, and helped to strangle it. ‘The ‘-Star Spangled Banner” was sung at the conclusion» of the reverend geatlemau’s remarks, the audience join- img in the chorus. A. A. Wits, of Brookiyn, having made a short. speech, the doxology was sung, and the hav- ing been pronounced, the proceedings terminated. Union Theological Seminary. ‘The twenty-fifth anniversary of the Union Theological: Seminary was celebrated last evening at the Mereer- street Presbyterian church, before a very large assem- binge, aud the exercises were of a very interesting che- racter. Annexed ts the programme:— Prayer by the Rev. Mr. Burns, of Philadelphia. ‘The Mission of the Church to the Poor—James D. Wil-- of the Common Life—William R. Fart- gon, Boris, Mills, Penn. ‘The Bret man, New York city. Protestantism and Christian’ Art—John B. Kdwards, Rockford, Il. the New Discipleship—Josiah G. Everts, Havana. Power. of Personal Character—Edward P. Gardner, finio. Paelation of Psychology to Preaching—James W Strong, Beloit, Wis. Confessional Religion—M. M. G. Dana, Brooklyn. ‘The farewell address to the graduating class was de- livered by tho Rey. Dr. Hitchcock, im which he paid » high compliment to the graduates. He pointed out in tho most eloqnent terms the ponsibitities of the Christian minister, Before concluding his remarke, he- said— Our continent now throbs beneath the tread of a million of men inarms. Our destiny as a nation lies now jn‘scaies whose beam trembles in thesky. If our institutions perish, the office of the Christian minister will be like that of Jeremiah fleeiug from these altars into Egypt; but if our institutious survive the shock, as: ho feit confident they wonld, then @ future opens before ‘us ail such as no generation of Christian ministers ever encountered.” After alluding here to the namber of Presbyterian ministers now serving as chaplains in the. army, he conciuded, saying:—* But this tumult will presently be ae | like @ tornado of the- tropics blowing itself to rest. Then will come tho great trial of our faith aud hope—the great atrug of our history. Shallf our country be unified—unified never yet since it = to be trodden b; If 80, it must be by the mighty power ‘Tho following is a list of the graduates:— William A. Alrich, Wilmington, Del.; Alvin Baker,, Belvidere, Iil.; Martin L. Borger, New York; Whiting C. Cambridge, Pa. ; Lewis M. Birgo, Hudson, Ohio; Nid Winkama “a ude son, Ohio; Malcolm . bana, Breoklyn, . Y.; William: B. Kastman, New York; John if. Edwards, Rockford, il. Josiah G. we ee | Bentley 3. Foster, peat Pa.; Edward P. Gardner, Butfulo, N, Y.; John ; Golimbus,, bio; ‘Samuel P. Halsey, Brooiiyn, Wi ¥.5. Thomas W. twa York; x Y.; John. i me eee James Pa.; James D. Svilson, spring Milla, Pas ‘The To-day. TURADAY, MAY 6, American Anti-Slavery Sociy—In the Ohurch of ther Puritans, morning. \merican ‘Foreign Cristian 1 Fad,, pe. of ies place and Fast Tiecale ncteee tae! York Sumday Schoole—Meeting of the children in Ieving ital three o'clock, afternoon. ‘Naw York Sunday Schoo Union—In Irving Hall, even- * nericon al rion —anaead address in Broadway Tabernacle, evening. ‘Howard Mission and Home for Little Wanderert—At the Academy of Music, evening. Universalist Agvocialion—Annual sermon in the chureh,. corner of ‘kor and Downing streets, evening, ‘Baptiet Sunday Schools—Meeting of chitdren in the Fires: Baptist Church, corner of Broome and Elizabeth etresia,, and Pilgrim Baptist Chureh, in Thirty-third at be- twoon highth and Ninth avcauos, at two o'olock P. Sf. Baptist Sunday School Union—Annual pablic meeting ia First Baptist church, corner of Broome and iiizabeth streets, at half-past seven o'clock P. M. The Tarf. UNION COURSR, L, I-—TROTTING. Monday, 3 match $200, mile bento, best three tm fivo, in harné Jan, MoMann baimed §, _ Rasa ID Mr, MeDonald named’ s. 1m, La , Timo—2:67 4; 2:68; 2:58. Th wk waa heavy, the speolators nomerour, the petting lett, Terrain abundant, the Figo well contented, fad Innestly decided, and everybody was delighted wits what thoy witnerrcd and tasted di ing Une al veriooiy