The New York Herald Newspaper, April 14, 1861, Page 1

THE NEW*YORK ° WHOLE NO. 8983, THE WAR. THE CONFLICT AT CUARLRSTOX The Bombardment Fiercely Copttoued. FORT SUMTER ON FIRE Major Anderson’s Men on Fiotillas Dip- ping Water to Stop the Blaze. e Men Fired Upon from the Forts. The Surrender of Fort Sumter, THE BOMBARDMENT CHASED. THE FORT EVACUATED. Major Anderson the Guest of General Beauregard. HO ONE KILLED IN THE CONFLICT. All the Federal Officers Unhurt. de of the Port of Charleston, Effect of the War News in the North and South, Intense Excitement Through- out the Free States, Threatening Speech of Sevreta- ry Walker at Montgomery. Sympathy of the Nova Scotia Legislature, bey ae, Cnanteston, April 13, 1861. The oannonading {s going on fiercely from all pointe—from the vessels Outeidg and all along our coast. Fort Sumter is on fire. Onanteston, April 13-10 A. M FortSumter is on fire. It broke out in the officers’ quarters about two hours ago, Major Anderson has slacked his fire, but not ceased fighting. Most of his men are probably at work upon the flames. It will not materially impede operations, as the amount of woodwork inthe fort is quite mall. Many persons think he is heating shot. The day is oppressively warm. I have just learned, from an authoritative source, that no demand for the surrender was iasde upon Major Andersor, put simply a de- | mand Yor evacuation. The distinction is mark- | ea in a political sense as important, ) Onartestox, April 13—10:30 A. M. At intervals of twenty minutes the firing was kept mp all night on Fort Sumter, ' Major Anderson ceased firing-trom. Fort Bumter at six o’clook in the evening. All night he was engaged in repairing damages and protecting the barbette guns on the top of the fort. He commenced to return fire at seven o’clock this morning. Fort Sumter seems to be greatly disabled. The battery on Cummings’ Point doeg Fort Sumter great damage. At pine o’clock this morning a domse smoke poured out from Port Sumter. The federal flag is at half mast, signalling istress, The shells from Fort Moyltrie and the batte- ries on Morris Island fall into Major Ander- son’s stronghold thick and fast, and they can pe seen in their course from the Charleston Battery. The breach made in Fort Sumter fs on the side opposite Cummings’ Point, Two of its portholes are knocked into one, and the wall from the top is crumbling. Three vessels, one of them 9 large sized steamer, are over the bar, and seem to be pre- paring to participate in the conflict. ‘The fire of Morris Island and Fort Moultrie ¥s divided between Fort Sumter and the ships- ofwar. The ships have not as yet opened fire. Bony LATER, An explosion has occurred at Fort Samter, a demee volume of smoke ascending Major Anderson ceased to fire for about an hour. His fiag is stilt up. It is thought the officers’ quarters in Fort Siflter are on fire. Cuanteston, April 13—12 M. The ships in the offing appear to be quietly atanchor, They have not fired a gun yut, ‘Bhe entire roof of the barracka at Fort Sumter are in a vast sheet of flame, " Shelis from Oummings’ Point and Fort Monl- ‘rie are bursting in aud over Fort Sumter io quick succession. ‘The federal flag etil) waves. Major Anderson is only occupied in put tirg out fire, Every shot on Fort Sumter now seems to tell heavily, ‘The people are anxiously looking for Major Anderson to strike his flag. Cuaruesrton, April 13—P. M. Two of Major Anderson’s magazines have exploded. Only occasional shots are fired at him from Fort Moultrie, The Morris Island Battery is doing heavy work, It is thought that only the smaller magazines dave exploded. The greatest excitement prevails. The wharves, steeples and every available place are packed with people. The United States ships are in the offing, but have not aided Major Anderson. It is too late tow to come over the bar, as the tide is ebbing, Cuarteston, April 13—Evening. Major Anderson has surrendered, after hard fighting, commencing at half-past four o'clock yesterday morning, and continuing until five minutes to one to-day. Thé American flag has given place to the palmetto of South Carolina. You have received my previous despatches concerning the. fire and the shooting away of the flagstaff. The latter event is due to Fort Moultrie, a8 well as the burning of the fort, which resulted from one of the bot shots fired in the morning. During the conflagration, Gen. Beauregard sent a boat to Major Anderson, with offers of aseistance, the bearers being Colonels W. P Miles, and Roger Pryor, of Virginia, and Lee. But before it reached him « flag of truce had been raised. Another boat then put off, con- tuluing €x-Governor Mennins, Major D, R. Jones and Colonel Charles Allston, to arrange the terms of surrender, which were the same as those offered on the 11th inst. These were official. They stated that all proper facilities would be afforded for the removal of Major Anderson and his command, together with the company arms and property, and all private preperty, to any post in the United States he might elect. The terms were not, therefore unconditional, Major Anderson stated that he surrendered his sword toGeneral Beauregard as the repre- sentative of the Confederate government. General Beauregard said he would not receive it from so brave aman. He says Major Ao- derson made 9 staunch fight, and elevated- himself in the estimation of every true Caro- Unian. ‘ During the fire, when Major Anderson’s flag staff was shot away, a boat put off from Morris Island, carrying another American flag for him to fight under—a noteworthy instance of the honor and chivalry of the South Carolina seceders, and their admiration for a brave man. The scene in the city after the raising of the ERA SUNDAY MORNING, APRIL 14, 1861. LD. PRICE TWO CENTS. = == Topographical! Sketch of Fort Sumter. w bs Primcipal lavding—oxtending along the entire south> weet wall. 1 Morrie Istana Beach. K Fort Johusun on James island. We would mention that the position of Morris ana James Islands, owing to the small size of the engaving, is not in- tended to be considered as more than indicating their Proximity to Fort Sumpter. A Arehed gateway in the southwest wall. B Farvaces for heating ahot, _ mode magazines. ¥ " or ts. K Bar acks for the soldfieg? F Officers quarters. @ Saat~denin of water, on cast side sixteen to cight- oy ¥ Major Anderson expresses Diaiseli wuco | dail, cab oe seen skipping over the water and pleased that no lives had been sacrificed, and [ striking the nnprotected raft. Says that to Providence alone is to be attri- Great havoc is created among the poor fel- buted the bloodless victory. He compliments | lows. the firing of the Carolinians, and the large It is surmised that Major Anderson is gradu- number of exploded shells lying around at- | aly blowing up the fort. He scarcely fires a tests their effectiveness. gun. ma The number of soidiers ig the fort was about | At balf-past eleven o’clock the flames were seventy, besides twer— 2. « hi Lin Mager ~— Bam ~ assisted at the guns. His stock of provisions "Whe destruction of Fort Samter {s fnevitable, Cuanzeston, April 18, 1861. was almost exhausted, however. He would It is stated from a reliable source that up to have been starved out in two more days. ‘The ent to the fort is mined, and the | ‘2 0’clock to-€ay no one at Fort Moultrie was killed. officers were told to be careful, even after the surrender, on account of the heat, lest it should | Eleven shots from Fort Sumter penetrated the floating battery below the water line, explode. . ‘A boat from the squadron, with a fisg of | The few shots fired by Major Anderson early this morning knocked the chimneys from the truce has arrived at Morris Island, bearing @ request to be allowed to come and take | Micers’ quarters at Fort Moultrie like a whirl- wind. Major Anderson and his forces, An answer 4 will be given to-morrow at nine o'clock. Major Anderson’s only hope now is to hold for.aid from the ships, The public feeling ageinst the fleet is very | ™* ° Two ships are making in toward Morris strong, it being regarded as cowardly to make Island, with @ view to land troops and silence not even an attempt to aid a fellow officer, ee . Had the surrender no} taken place, Fort = a Sumter would have been stormed to-night, The Cuartesroy, April 13, 1867. men are crazy for a fight, Four vessels—two of them large steamers— are in sight oyer the bar. The bells have been chiming all day, guns firing, Indies waving handkerchiefs, people | The largest appears to be engaging Morris Island. cheering, and citizens making them:e!ves generally demonstrative, It is regardad as The flames have nearly subsided in Sumter; the greatest day in the history of South Caro- but Major Anderson does not fire any guns. General Beauregard left the wharf just now lina, in a boat for Morris Island, The excitement is increasing, if anything. FROM ANOTHER SOURCE, Cuarteston, April 13—A. M. The batteries on Sullivan’s Island, * um- mings’ Point and Stevens’ Battery are pouring shot and shell into Fort Sumter. Major Anderson does not return the fire, Fort Sumter is still on fire, There have just been two explosions at Fort Sumter. flag of truce and the surrender is indescribable the people were perfectly wild. Men on horse- back rode through the streets proclaiming the news, amid the greatest enthusiasm, ° On the arrival of the officers from the fort they were marched through the streets, follow- ed by an immense crowd, hurrahing, shouting, and yelling with excitement. Several fire companies were immediately sent down to Fort Sumter to put out the fire, and any amount of assistance was offered. A regiment of eight hundred men has just arrived from the interior, and has been ordered to Morris Island, in view of an attack from the fleet, which may be attempted to-night. Six vessels are reported off the bar, but the utmost indignation is expressed against them for not coming to the assistance of Major An- derson when he made signals of distress. ‘The soldiers on Morris Island jumped on the guns every shot they received from Fort Sum- ter while thus disabled, and gave three cheers for Major Anderson and groans for the fleet. Col. Lucas, of the Governor’s staff, has just returned from Fort Sumter, and says Major Anderson told him he had pleasanter recolleo- tions of Fort Moultrie than Fort Sumter. Only five men were wounded, one seriously. ‘The flames have destroyed everything. Both officers and soldiers were obliged to lay on their faces in the casements to prevent suffoca- tion, ‘Tho explosions heard in the city were from ethall piles of shell, which ignited from the heat. The effect of the shot upon the fort was tre. mendous. The walls were battered in handreds of places j but no breach wag made, Crartestoy, April 13—12 M. Major Anderson is hemmed in by ruins and fire. Every building in Fort Sumter is burn- ing. He has blown up one or two to arrest the flames. This does not im anywise diminish his strength. He has been compelled to cease firing altogether. The ships outside are supposed to inaugurate the blockade. A battery of heavy ordnance is in the pro- cess of erection on the City Battery, a fashion- able promenade, where thousands are now congregated, watching the battle. Major Anderson’s flag has been shot away, and now waves from a pole on the ramparts. It is reported that Major Anderson is blow ing up the casemates seaward, with a view to eecape in boats daring the night. Offers have been received from Virginia of any number of men required for fighting daty. THE PRESS DESPATCA, Cnanteston, April 13, 1861. Fort Sumter is undoubtedly on fire. The flames are raging all around it, Major Anderson has thrown out a raft loaded with men, who are passing up buckets of water to extinguish the fire. The fort is scarcely diecernible. The men on the raft are now objects of fire from Morris Island, and with good glasses the Ihave fead @ letter from S. 0. Boylston, dated Moultrie, 6 o’clock, this A.M. He says not one man was killed or wounded. The iron battery had been damaged. The rifled cannon of the battery did great execution on Sumter, and were all aimed into Anderson’s portholes. Three of Samter’s barbette guns were dis- mounted, one of which was a ten inch colum- bied. A corner of Fort Sumter, opposite Fort Moultrie, was knocked off. The steamers Water Witch, Mohawk and Pawnee, it was thonght, were the first three vessels ceen in the offing. EVACUATION OF FORT SUMTER. Crar.eston, Via Augusta, April 13, 1561. FORT SUMTER HAS SURRENDERED, The Confederate flag floats over ite walls, None of the garrison or Confederate troops are burt. Another correspondent sayst— The bombarding has closed. Major Anderson has drawn down the stripes and stars, and displays a white flag, which has been answered from the city, and a boat is on the way to Sumter. Crarteston, April 13—P, M. The federal flag was again hoisted over Fort Sumter, when Porcher Miles, with @ fisg of truce, went to the fort. In a few minutes the federal flag was again henled down by Major Anderson and a white one unfaried, Onantestox, April 13, 1961. General Beauregard, with two aids, have left for Fort Sumter. Three fire companies from Charleston are pow on their way to San ter to quell the fire before it reaches the magazine. Yort Sumter has suconditionaRy surren- dered. FxSenator Cheanut, ex-Governor Manning | and W. P. Miles have just landed and marched to Governor Pickens’ re.idence, followed by a dense crowd, wild with joy. It is reported that the federal flag was shot away by the Palmetto Guards at Morris Island. In all two thousand shots have been fired. No Ovrolinians killed. Major Anderson and his men, under guard, ‘were conveyed to Morris Island. The bells are ringing out a merry peal and our people are engaged in every demonatra- tion of joy. It is estimated that there are nine thousand yaom wnder arms on the islands and in the neighborhood. THE LATEST NEWS. ; Cuar.eston, April 13, 1861. Ihave seen W. Porcher Miles, who has just returned from a visit to Fort Sumter. He as sured me that no one was kilied at Fert Sum- ter. This is reliable, and. puts at rest all pre- vious reports about Sumter. Mejor Anderson has reached the city, and is the guest of General Beauregard. Our people sympathise with Major Anderson, but abhor those who were in the steamers off our bar and in sight of our people, and did not even attempt to reinforce him. The Fairfield regiment, one thousand strong, has just passe@ the Courier office on their way to Morrie Island. There are now ten thousand men under arms in the harbor and on the coast. Judge Magrath, who has just returned, re- ports that the wood work and officers’ quarters at Fort Sumter are all burnt. None of the officers were wounded. The fort wild be taken possession of to-night’ by the Confederate troops. A boat from one of the veesels outside the herbor communicated with General Simons, in command of the forces en Morris Island, and made a request that one of the steamers be allowed to enter the port for the purpose of taking away Mejor Anderaon and his com- mand. An arrangement was agreed upon by the parties to stay all proceedings until nine o'clock to-morrow. oe BOMDALMENT. te plan ie a truncated pentagon, with one side parallel to the adjoining shore, thus presenting an angie to the channel. Of the truncated angles the eastern, western and northern are simply formed into pan-conpees, whilst the other two are formed of two smali faces, making an angle of about fifteen degrees with the sides of tho penta- gon, At each intersection of the emall faces is « sally- port. On the eastern and western sides are the barracks for the privates, meas hall, kitcbes, &. On the southern side are the officers’ quarters, which are finished in vory handsome style. Tt mounted with the heaviest guns of the United States service, arranged in threo tiers, the two lower being casemates and the upper barbette guns. The casemate guns are those which are fired from an em- brasure in the scarp walls, and are protected from the enemy’s shells by an arched bomb-proof covering over- head; the barbette, thoee which fire over the parapet, which expores the cannoniers to the fire of the enemy, although, in this instance, the height of the ramparts ie po great that there is comparatively no danger from the shot of the enemy’s fleet. ‘The heaviest pieces are turned toward the harbor, the Lighter toward the land side, which side is farther pro- tected by musketry, for which loopholes are cut in the scarp wall. On the terra-plain parado are situsted two furnaces for beating shot. The magazines are situated on the inner sides of the sally-porta, ‘The landing to the fort is on the southern, or land side, and is formed by ® whart projecting towards the shoro, ‘and also extending the length of that face. ‘This fort would be nearly impregnable if finished and properly manned. Its weakest point is on the south side, where the browch was mado by the guns at Cummings’ Point, of which the masonry is not only weaker than that of the other sides, but it is not protected by any flank fire, which would swoop the wharf. Once landed, an entranco may, at the present state of the construction, be easily made; for the blinds of the lower embrasures, though six inches im thickness, may yet be easily blown away, and even if this was im- possible, sealing ladders can those of the secand ter, which are not protected in manner. ‘This concludes the brief sketch of a fort which isa most perfect epecimen of civil and military engineering. The whole work has been conducted in a manner that reflecta the highest credit upon the engineers, and is worthy to occupy the prominent position that it holds. In conclusion, we take occasion to allude to one point of eepecial beauty—tho construction of the arches—of which there aro nearly every variety—the “full centre,” the “segment,” the “groined,” the “‘askew"’ and the “ram. pant,” and to add that the walls at their base are twelve foot thick, and at the top eight and ono-balf foot thick, THE UNITED STATES FLEET AT CHARLES- TON. The following list embraces the names, with arma- mente and tronpa, of the fleet despatched from thie city and Washington to Charleston harbori— VESSELS OF WAR. Steam sloop.of-war Pawnee, Captain S. ©. Rowan, 10 guna and 200 men, The Pawnee sailed from Waah- ington, with sealed orders, on the morning of daturday, April 6. Steam sloop-of-war Powhatan, Captain E. D. Porter, 11 guns and 275 men. The Powhatan eailed from the Brook- tyn Navy Yard on Saturday afternoon, April 6. Revenue cutter Harriet Lane, Captain J. Faunce, 5 guns and 96 men, On Saturday, April 6, the Harriet Lane ex- changed her revenue flag for the United States Navy flag, devoting her transfer to the government naval service, ‘anc sailed suddenly on last Monday morning, with scaled orders, THE STEAM TRANSPORTS. Atlantic, 268 troope, composed of Companies A and M of the Second artillery, Companies C and H of the Second infantry, and company A of sappers and miners, from ‘West Point, The Atlantic sailed from the stream at five o'clock on Sunday morning last. Baltic, 160 troops, composed of Companies C and D, re- oruits, from Governor's and Bedlog’s isiends. The Baltic eatled from Quarantine at seven o’olock on Tuesday morn- ing lst. Tiinois, 200 troopa, composed of Companies B, £, F, G and H. and a detachment from Company D, all recruits from Governor's and Bedloe’s islands, together with two companies of the Second infantry, from Forth Hamilton ‘The Minow sailed from Quarantine on Tuesday morning at six o'clock, THR STRAMTUGS. Two steamtugs, with a government oficial on gach, bearing sealed \ espatch®, wore aso sent, The Vaslne left thiw port om Monday evening last, and the Uncle Bea on (uestey aight, THE LAUNCHES. Nearly thirty of these boate—whose servieen are mest useful m effecting a landing of troops over sboal waver, ap for atuucking @ discharging Dattary wheu covered with eand and gonny bags—heve been tuken ont by the Vowbatep and by the steam trameports Atlantic, Baltic and Iliinois, BEOAYITULATION, |. Peale. Sknp-of-war Pawnee, war Powhatan Cutter Harriet Lane. Rtewm traneport Atan' Steam tran-vort Baltic Stems trameport Winois, Beam tog Yunke Steam tug Unele Total number of vessely Total pumher of guna (for Tota! number of mem and troops. BAO It ts understood that several traasports are te be soon chartered und despatched to Charleston with troops snd supplica, THE NEWS FROM WASHINGTON. Wasumcton, April 13, 1961. The capita! continnes in atrautic state of excnement, Bunwees @ half suspendet. Groups of mdividanls dis- cussing the bom dardment of Fort Samer ere gotuered at the corners; the telegraph offices, the Whie House aod the War ana Navy Departments are besieged by crowds of eager inquirers, The hotel lobbies and parlors wore jammed with humanity all tbe morning. The republicans are wild with indignation, and eurse the rebels and cheer Major Anderson most lontily. The President and Cabinet have peen in seamoo early all the morping. A large wumber of prominent men of all parties repaired to the White Honse at an early hour to tender their services to tho President, bit none were admitted except the Virginia Committes of Inquiry, who had a conference wit) him from eight to nina o’cioek. An intense bustle prevailed at the War Depsrmentdur- ig the forenoon. Four hundred federal troops arrived from New York by special train esly this mgifeing. About eighteen hundred regulars and volunteers aapyme bere under a ma, ‘ ‘he President {s calm and composed. Tha fret question he arked a Western Senator last night was, “Will yoor State support me with military power?’ Ge will doubt- lessly issug » call for aid to the several Governors of the republican States in the course of to day. Wasmycrow, April 13, 1861. ‘The greatest anxiety prevaiis to hear from Oharieston. The latest nows wo have, up to half past two P. M., ia that the american fiag wav: s gallantly over Fort Samter, and that its porte epit forth fire incessantly wpm Fort Moultrie and Sullivan’s Island batteries, which is « part of the programme by which the government supply ves- sels are to be admitted in the harbor, Appectal seesion of Oongress is not Hkely to be cen- vened. The voice of the North has been heard through telegraphic des} atones from every free State, assuring the President of the enthusiastic support of the govern- ment with men and money. It is evident that the Union sentiment has been greatly strengthened here since the revolutioniats have assumed the responsibility of inaugurating civil war. Cept. Wm. B, St. Johns, of the Third mfsntry, having declired the command of his company when ordered on & partioular service, the President directs that he cease to be an officer of the army from Wednesday. First Lioutenant Abner Smead, of the First artillery, having, when his company was ordered for duty ander critionl circumstances, tendered his resignasion jn order to escape from that duty, the President direets that he cease to be an offlcer of the army. “ ‘The regular troops now here have been ordered and proceeded to the ontekirts of the city to watch every sve- gard the armories and public buildings. Videttos are constantly sven riding through the streets. Wasniactox, April 13, 1861. Up to eleven o'clock P, M. the President had no reliable or official information of what has occurred at Obarleston, except through private despatches to indtvidaais who buve communicated with him. He expects Major Auder- fon to evacuate or surrender the fort, if be finds the sup- piv ebips cannot reach him. This will bee military ne- cessity, and will only be in accordance with Major Ander- s0n’s instructions, if they reeched him. - ‘The report that he has surrendered, and ie the guest of General Besuregard, has bees communicated to the Pre- sident. The latter was vot surprised, but, om the con- trary, remarked, ‘‘The supply vessels could not reach him, and he did right.” When he was told thas the re- pert was that nobody was injurea in Fort Sumter, bo feemed very much gratified, and remarked that he re- gretted that Major Anderson could not be supplied, as that was all he needed. The next ect in the play will represent a scene at Fort Pickens, in Pensacola harbor, and not far benée. The feeling bere is very intense, especially amang the Northern and Western people, a large namber of whom are in the city, IMPORTANT SPEECH OF THE PRESIDENT TO THE VIRGINIA COMMISSIONERS. Wassvctom, April 13, 1661, ‘The reception of the Virginia Commissioners yesterday ‘wes only informal. To-day they were formally received. They presented the reselutions under which they were appointed. The following la the reply of Mr. Lincoim to the Gom- miesioners from the Virginia State Convention — To Hen. Messrs. Passos, Sruarr and Rawpourn :— GxxTLEMKN—AB @ committee of the Virginia Oogver- tion, now ip session, you present mea preamole aad re- solution in these words :— Whereas, in the opinion of this Convention, the uncer- tainty which prevai's in the public miaa as to tne pot which the feoeral Executive intemis to parsue nowarde the sececed States, 8 extremely injarioas to the tadus- to trial and commercial intere-te of the country, tends to keep up an excitement which ws upfavorabie the ad- joxtment of the pending difficulties, and threatens « dis- ‘tur banee of the pablis peace; therefore, Resolved, That a committce of three delegates be ap- pointed to wast on the President of the United States, pre- sept to him this preamble, and reepectfuily ask communicate to this Convention th policy wnieh dera! Fxecative intends to purwue in regard w the Oonfe- federute States. In apawer | have to say that having, at the beginning of my official term, oxpressed my intended policy as plainly as T was able, it is with deep regret and mortises tion I now leara there is great and ivjurioas aueertain- ty in the public mind as to what that policy ie, and what course | intend to pursue, Not having as yet seen occa-ion to change, it is now my purpose te pursue the course marked out in the inangural address. I oom- mend a care(al consideration of the whole ducamest as the best expreesioa | cam give to my purposes, As i then and therein said, | now repeat, “The power com@ded in me wil be ueed to hold, ore»py and possess property and places belonging to the government, and to collect the duties and importa; but beyond what te meosssary for these objects there will be no invasion, no using of force agatmet of among the people anywhere.” By the words “property and places jog to the government,” I chiefly allude to the military poste and property which were in possession @f the government when it camo into my hands, But if, as mow appears to be true, in pursuit of = purpose to drive the United States authority from these places, an unpovoked assault has been made upon Fort Sumter, [ shall hold myeelf at liberty to repossess it, if I can, like places which had been seized. before the grvernment was de- volved upon me; and in any event I shall, to the best of my ability, repel force by force. In case it prover true that Fort Sumter has been assaulted, as is reported, T + shall, perhaps, cause the United States mails to be with- drawn from all tho States which claim to have seceded, Delieving that the commencement of actual war agninst the government justifies and possibly demande it, 1 scarcely neod to say that I consider the military poste ‘and property situated within the States whieh elaim to have seceded, as yet belonging to the government of the United States aa much as they did before the suppesed seccesion. Whatever else I may do for the purpose, I shail not’ attempt to collect the duties and imposte by any armed invasion of any part of the country; not meaning by this, however, that T may not land « force deemed necessary to relieve a fort opon the border of the country. From the fact that T have qnoted a part of the inangure! address, |t mast not be Inferred that I repa- diate apy other part, the whole of which I readiem, ¢x- (CONTINUED ON EIGHTH PAGE)