The New York Herald Newspaper, February 3, 1861, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. | JAMES GURDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. OFFICE N. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS. TERMS, praia ‘mont by mendt swill be a the vil? De cander” Sone" tea Bank” bla current én Now York ‘ec Volume XXVI... sereees Ne 33 AMUSEMENTS TO-MORROW EVENING. | ACADEMY OF MUSIO, Fourteenth strest.—Inatiax Ore | Ra—Tux Bakser OF Sevitts. NIBLO'S GARDEN, Broadway.—Ricug.ixv. WINTER GARDEN, Broadway, opposite Bond street.— Macarrn, WALLACK'S THEATRE, Broadway —PLarmta wit 1. LAURA KEENE'S THEATRE, No. 624 Broadway.— Bevan Sistres. NEW BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—Coot 4s 4 Cucum- peR—Heniwquixn JACK—THERESE. RARNUM'S AMERICAN MUSEUM, Broadway.—Day and Evening—Switks avn Txaxs—Tux Lapy or 81. Trores— Living Uvniosities, dc. BRYANTS'’ MINSTRELS, way.—Bunixsaues, Sonos, Dances, e's. HOOLEY & CAMPRELL’S MINSTRELS, Niblo’s Saloon, Broadway.—Eruiorian Sonas, Dances, BuRLES@UES, &C.— Brace Srxvck Henoes. CANTERURY MUSIO HALL, 668 Broadway.—Ticut Rorx, Sonos, Dancxs, Boriesques, 40. Mee! ’ Hall, 472 Broad- 0 —SCENKS aT Gur MELODEON, No. 539 Broadway.—Soncs, Dances, Bur- Lesquxs, &0. ART as No. 497 Broadway.—Burasqurs, Sonos, aNoRs, METROPOLITAN HALL, Jersey City.—Bupworrm & Oampaxt.’s Woon's MinsTkeLs—BURLESQUE ON RaRky. New York, Sunday, February 3, 1861. ‘The News. Col. Hayne, the South Carolina Envoy, sent a communication to the President yesterday, in which he proposes to open negotiations for the transfor of the federal property to the State, and in Case of non-compliance threatens the capture of Fort Sumter. The President summoned his Cabinet on the receipt of the letter to deliberate ‘upon the subject. The result is not known, but it ia stated that the President will act as heretofore ‘with regard to the demands of South Car6lina, and await the result. The Louisiana secessionists have seized the Mint and Custom Hous? at New Orleans. The Mint contains a considerable sum of public money, which the government agent at New Orleans has refaged to deliver up to the Wnited States. But little of importance transpired in the United Btates Senate yesterday. The resolution pro- viding for the appointment of a Joint Special Com- mittee to count the votes for President and Vice President was adopted. In the House, the bill suthorizing a loan of twenty-five millions of dol- lars for government expenses and the redemption of treasury notes was discussed, and opposed by the democrats, but finally passed by a vote of 134 to 46. The loan isto bear six per cent interest. ‘The bill itself may be found among our Washington despatches. The Senate's resolution relative to the election of President and Vice President was concurred in. Both the Washington Peace Convention and the Convention of the secession States at Mont- gomery meet to-morrow. Several of the delegates to the former had reached Washington last even- ing, and it is likely that they will all be at the capital by Monday morning. Albany was the focus of intense excitement last evening, the occasion being the nomination by the republicans in caucus of a candidate for the United Biates Senate to succeed Mr. Seward. On the tenth ballot, Ira Harris was unanimously declared the nominee. We publish in to-day's paper a number of in- teresting extracts from our European files re- ceived by recent arrivals. The cotton question in England is thus alluded to by the London Chroni- cle:—The question is, in fact, little short of life and death. Ruin to merchants and millowners, and starvation to the rest of the population, hang immediately in the balance. One year’s failure of the American crop, or postponement of the Ameri- an supply, would produce calamities worse than ‘any war or famine within modern experience.” ‘The Commissioners from South Carolina to the imperial government of France have had an inter- wiew with M. Thouvenel, Minister for Foreign Affairs, but the result is not known. It seems to ‘be considered certain, however, that no steps will be taken by that government till the action of the other slave States, as well as that of the federal government s! Washington, be known. The steataship Tennessee, which arrived at New Orleans from Vera Cruz, brings dates from that port tothe 23d, and from the capital to the 19th ult, Juarez had made his entry into the Capital amid great rejoicings, and there were but two or three small armed bands of the beaten faction in the field, which might be easily dis- persed. Isidro Diaz, one of Miramon’s ex-minis- ters, had been caught at Jalapa, and am order was transmitted from the government at the capital to shoot him and every clergy leader as soon as they might be taken; but on the intercession of Miramon's wife the order was countermanded within a few hours. The whereabouts of Mira- mon is not known. The last heard of him was, that he had escaped from ® party which surrounded him by the free use of his revolver. The election for President took place on Sunday, the 20th ult., with what result is, of course, not known, though it is supposed by some that Lerdo de Tejada stands the best chance, since Juarez and Ortega have lost ground by their magnanimous clemency to van- quished enemics—verily, Va Victis. The new government will have their hands full. A number of foreign ministers have been dismissed, the go- vernments of France and Great Britain have claims to prefer, and a war with Spain is regarded as pro- bable. The new Congress will meet in April, and with all these matters and the difficult task of re- organizing the country on their hands, their labor will not be light. We are again indebted to Adams & Co.'s Express for New Orleans and other Southern papers in ad- vance of the regular mail, The steamship Huntsville, for Bavannah, went through the process of loading up to three o'clock v.M. yesterday, at pier 12, without any open sur cillance, although some persons were observed in ‘itizens’ dress closely inspecting some packages. »¢ was rumored that some cases of arma were on hoard, in the disguise of ordinary merchandise, but no such packages were attempted to be seized, The only police present were the ordinary pier guards, The steamship Alabama, for Savannah, lying at Pier 36, was also closely watched during the time of loading by & number of police officers, who either stood on the pier or walked to and from the vessel. She completed the shipment of her cargo St three o'clock P. M. yesterday, after which time all freight was refused, although the veasel was oot to leave the pier until this morning, being de- fained by fog. Noarms were known to be on board this vessel. A dense fog—the densest in fact that has visited this region for a long time—prevailed in the city all day yesterday. Objects could not be seen two hundred yards off, and as a natural consequence great inconvenience and annoyance were expe- rienced by the public. On the rivers the effects of the fog were chiefly unwelcome. Navigation by the ferry boats was no easy matter, and to avoid the dangers of collision a sharp look out was continually kept by the pilots, and the bells were ringing incessantly. None of the outward bound steamers proceeded to sea yesterday on account of the fog. ‘The Scotch are noted for being clannish and liking everything appertaining to their nationality; but the Scotch mist and fog of yesterday did not meet the approval of the “‘curlers’’ of the Central Park, consequently the match between the four clubs for the silver handles was postponed till a more favorable opportunity, ‘The skating pond of the Central Park was woll flooded by the waters from above and the drain- ‘ ngs of the Park, consequently the labor of No. 46 steam fire engine boys was thrown away, except that the fact was ascertained that the pond could have @ new surface formed in a short time by this process. After the experiment was made, Mr. Radford regaled the boys with a collation free of expepre. Yesterday a gang of men were engaged clearing off all pieces of grass, wood, segar stumps, &c., that might be found fleating on the surface of the water, so that when the reaction of the frost takes place the ice might be clean. A skating match has, we understand, been made between Fuller, of Boston, and Engler, of New Jersey, for $500 aside, $50 deposit, to come off the first fine day for skating. There is no prospect of skating for to-day. Mr. John S. Rarey gave a charity lecture yes- terday afternoon, at the Academy of Music, for the benefit of the Widows and Orphan's Asylum. The building was crowded, and the exhibition in the highest degree successful. Among the subjects introduced and experimented with were Mr. Seward’s Arabian steeds, the noted fighting horse Peacock, and other less noted equine celebrities. A report of the exhibition will be found in another column. The cotton market yesterday was without change of moment in prices. The transactions footed up about 4,000 bales, at least 2,000 of which were fold in transit, Altbough the Arabia’s news showed an active market in Liverpool, yet it led to no improvement with us. Was the English money market easy and the supply abundant, no doubt exists but what the article would ere this have attained a higher range of prices than those current at last dates. The future growth and supply of cotton is one of the most important questions that ever concerned England aud the commercial world generally. Manchester consumes weekly about 40 000 bales of American cotton, of the value of about $2,000,000, or $8,000,000 per moath. Great Britain, in round numbers, last year consumed ‘about $1(0,000,00 worth of American cotton, France took between 500.000 and 600,000 bates, of the value of $25,000,000 to $30,000,000. The total exported to all Ku- rope was 8,600 000 bales, of the value of $180,000,000. American mavufacturers consumed 750,000 bales, of the value of $37,600,000. ‘The total value of cotton cdasume: in Europe and America of the crop of 1859-60 was $217,- 500,000. Were it possible to strike this production from existenoe, it would result in greater disaster than the total apnibilation of half a dozen California gold rogions. In the one case, millions of people derive their food and clothing from its production, manufacture ani transpor- tation, while in the other case a few vessels could carry all the gold ever dug from the carth; while the shipment of ove crop of cotton, like that of 1859-'60, employed over a million tons of American shipping, manned by about 31,000 American eailors. The destruction of the cotton crop of the South would produce a commercial revulsion which would be feit throughout Christendom, involving revolution, if not the overthrow of the government, in England. If anything can suspend or subvert its culti- vation at the South it will be an attempt at coereion, leading to civil war. Breadstuffs were heavy and dull throughout. Pork was in fair demand, with rather more doing. The sales of sugars embraced about 900 hhds., atunchanged prices. Coffee was steady. Freights closed at better rates, especially for graiu to Liverpool. The Drift of the Revolution—No Compro- mine Now Excopt that vf a Feaveavic Separation. The 4th of February, as our readers are uware, will be a day of great events. It is the day appointed for the meeting of the border State Compromise Union Convention at Wash- ington; and for the assembling of the indepen dent Southern Confederacy Congress at Mont- gomery, Alabama; and it is also the day set apart for the election of delegates to a State Convention in Virginia, on the direct question of secession. The hopes of the conservative Union men of the country, who still cherish some hopes of a Union-saving compromise, are anxiously di- rected to this border State Convention at Wash- ington. But we think it due to our readers frankly and freely to admonish them to prepare for the worst. We have no hope of any com- promise from this border State Conference. it comes too late to arrest this Southern tide of revolution. The Conference may result in an agreement upon some half-way adjustment ; but of what value will it be at this late hour of the day? It will*be submitted to Congress, and there it will be laid upon the table ; for it must be abundantly manifest at length to every intelligent mind that the republican party, with the President elect at their head, “ have no com- promises to make,” and will not listen to any offers of compromise, until they shail have first tried, under the direction of President Lincoln, the Union-saving policy of “ the enforcement of the laws.”” Concluding, thus, that this border State Con ference will accomplish nothing to save the Union, our attention is next called to the Southern Confederacy Congress. The object of this Congress is the organization of a gene- ral goverument for the six seceded S'ates, and such others as may join them. The pro- gramme, as we understand it, is already map- ped out. A provisional federative government, on the basis of our federal constitution, will be at once estaplished, including a President, Vice President and Cabinet and a Congress, mainly composed of the representatives of the seceded States that have withdrawn from the two houses at Wasbington, The goverament of the Southern confederacy thas organized will be proclaimed to the world; and ambassa- dors to the government at Wasniogton, and to the principal Powers of Europe, will be next appointed. Next, a defensive army for the confederacy will be organized, over which it is supposed General Jefferson Davis will be placed as the active Commander in-Chief. All this work will be done, as we are io- formed, witbin a few days, the whole pro- gramme being already arranged. And what next? The Virginia State Convention And what hope for the Union is there in that quar- ter? Let us inquire. This State Convention will assemble under the most powerful inducements to secession. There will be an organized Southern confederacy on the one band, and an uncompromising republican Congress and an incoming coercive republican admiuistration, on the other hand. There will be the conviction thet if Virginia ehall elect to remain in the Union she will be cut off from the seceded slave States, a policy which will weaken her- self, weaken them, and lay the vital domestic institution, in which all the slave States have o common interest, completely open to the repub- lican policy of coercion, Virginia, then, we may safely assume, will NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, FEBR elect to join her fortunes with the Southern confederacy, fully assured that as she leads all the border slave States will follow. Thus in deciding for the union of the fifteen slave States, Virginia will at unce decree a Southern con- federacy, powerful alike to dictate or conqaer & peace at bome, and to command respect abroad; a confederacy abounding in all the re- sources essential to a great nation, and w & prosperous people under a cheap government. We expect, then, that Virginia will secede, that the other border slave States will follow her, including Maryland, and it is quite possible that all this may yet be done before the close of the firet wonth of Mr. Lincoln’s administra- tion. And bere we come to the special point of danger—we mean the danger of a terrible civil war. Virginia leading the way, it is pos- sible that Maryland may be burried with rovo- lutionary abruptness into the same alternative of secession; and this, too, in the interval to the 4th of March. In this event, there can be little doubt of the precipitation of a body of ten, fifteen or twenty thousand men from Vir- ginia and Maryland upon the city of Washing- ton, and what then? Beyond this Southern coup d'état for the occupation, de facto, of the goverpment of the United States, we can only discover in the darkening horizon the bloody encounter of hostile armies, fierce bombard- ments, and the ascending smoke and flames from towns and cities, North and South, wasted by fire and sword. Such is the entertainment to which, in de- fault of a compromise for union and peace, the incoming administration is invited. But how are we to escape this dreadful alternative of war, if it is now too late to hope for a Union-saving compromise? We answer that though it may be too late to restore the Union, it is not too late to save us from the horrors of # civil war. If the Union is hopelessly di- vided, as we believe it to be, let the North and the South agree to part in peace, like brethren who cannot and will not live together peaceably under the same roof. Accordingly we urge upon this border State Conference at Washington the paramount duty of suggesting the ways and means of the peaceable recognition of a Southern confedera- cy as the only escape from a general and ruin- ous war, GrerLey For Senator, Wuy Nor?—We stated the other day that there was to be an infusion of Weed, Bigelow and wickedness into our pigns daily cotemporary, and we find that the old Adam hag already begun to work. Yestef- day our evangelical brethren had a ferecious attack upon the Hon. Massa Greeley, declaring that he was not fit to wear Mr. Seward’s old shoes, and inferring that Mr. Evarts was the niost “senseless and fit man” to bear the Sena- torial lantern. We were really pained by the ‘horoughly unchristian way in which the lash was laid upon the simple philosopher of Sprace street. Mr. Greeley, we are told, is a “coarse and sometimes abusive writer ;” he “ presumes to be wiser than the doctors on the subject of diete- tics 7’ he “can’t keep a hotel;” he has an “impatient, egotistical mind ;” he isa “man who cannot restrain himself ;” he “ pelts you with coarse epithets ;” he is “the Pope of the piccaninies ;” he has a “damnatory style ;” “his discretion never got the better of his eagerness to say a harsh thing;” he is “egotistical,” “impatient,” “intolerant” and “wrong headed”—altogether a wretch who ought to be chained to his own desk and never permitted to go out unless in charge of a keep- er. Beecher, using up a brother who failed to agree with him in his favorite Sharp’s rifle style of theology, could not be more savage than Bigelow upon Greeley. Now we do not purpose to join in this hue and cry against Hon. Massa Greeley, who seems to be in the same position as that of Chevalier Forney when Cameron was chosen Senator from Pennsylvania, All Greeley’s ri- vals, Webb, Weed, Raymond, Bigelow, Bryant and the small fry republican editors, are doing their utmost to ruin his prospects, and they may succeed. His religious ene- my is chiefly exercised because Greeley is not a lawyer; but we cannot see the forge of that gbjegtion. According to the general ‘mpression of the public, the chief business of a lawyer is to lie for his client, and Greeley bas told lies enough for his party to make the fortunes of any ten men at the bar, If he wishes to change the old white coat for Seward’s mantle, we say let him have it. The old coat has seen some hard service, and is not so clean as it might be; but we believe that it is still purer than Seward’s political garments, which were first soiled by the slime of anti- masonry, then dragged through the filth of abolition, and since spattered with the mud of corruption, until their original color is hardly perceptible. Greeley will find the old white coat the more comfortable of the two after all. ImrupeNce oF THE Granp Jury.—From time immemorial grand juries and coroners’ in- quests have been notorious for their stupidity, but it has remained for the inquisition of this city to cap the climax, and set an example of imbecility and impudence before which all previous attempts in the same line must hide their diminished heads, We allude to the action of the Grand Jury upon the Mayor's message. Instead of confining themselves to their proper business—the indicting of persons who have been guilty of palpable violations of the laws for the protection of property—the jurymen go ont of their way to present a message which was simply speculative, not peremptory, nor even recommendatory in its tone. Just now no man can pretend to say what the end o/ our national troubles may be, nor what course the city of New York will finally take. W< may be obliged to go with a confederacy of the central and border States, or to join with the West, or to set up for ourselves. Everybody speculates in his own mind upon the present state of things and the pro- babiliticw of the future, and the Mayor of Now York bad most certainly the right to express his views upon the matter ina message, The Grand Inquest in presenting this document has given to it more importance than it deserved, and at the same time furnished another proof that political spite and envy will lead men to do the most absurd and impudent things. Why do not the Grand Jurors inquire into the recent fiagy ant violations of the law by the Metropoli- tan police? The force has made descents upon private property shipped from this port, and taken it from its owners, without color of law and in utter defiance of the rights of the citizens having it in charge. Yet the Grand Jury winks at these outrages, and presents a harmless mes- sage from the Chief Magistrate of the city. There’s consistency for you! The Penction Ageinst the Abol:tiontsts— Amertean Civilization Versus Puritan Fanaticiom, ‘The reports of the proceedings of the Aboli- tion Convention at Syracuse, which we publish- ed a day or two ago, show that a strong reaction bas set in against the abolition sentiment in a city of this State, the scene of the Jerry reseue, and long the stronghold of unti slavery funati- cism, Similar developements have taken place in other parts of the State, including this city, und at various points in the North. Among these bealthy symptoms, are the repeal of the Personal Liberty bill in Rhode Island, and the return of the fugitive slave Lucy from Cleve- land, Ohio, The fanatical anti-slavery pro- ovedings in Boston at the close of last week were not allowed to pass off so smoothly as usual; though in that city, a year ago, John Brown was canonized by the assembled citi- zens, including Governor Andrew. Tie fearful consequences of the aboli fion "propagandism in breaking up the Union and inaugurating civil war are coming home to every man’s business, if not to his bosom. Hence the effort to suppress it. But the sentiment still lies deep in the Northern mind, and though bills nullifying the Fugitive Slave law may be repealed in New England, the anti-slavery feoling is not eradicated, aad will break out again in full blast if the ques- tion is not now finally settled beyond the reach of agitation. The Northern mind needs to be re-educated. The fertile source of the ever-recurring mischief is the Puritan idea of the superiority of their sect over other men, and a mysterious divine right which they claim to possess of dictating to all mankind—a right which they hold to be higher than the authority of the Bible and the constitution, and which ought to be maintained at all hazards, even with Sharpe’s “rifles, bayonets and cannon balls. This is principle which has deluged Europe with blood for centuries, but happily is exploded there in the present age. The question for the American people to decide is, whether they will allow it to produce the same fruits here, or whether they will not now lay the axe to the root, that the poison tree may all, never to bloom again in this soil. “ According to Mr. Beecher, in @ late sermon, “Puritan blood means the blood of Christ.” Hence the superiority of Puritan blood, and the inferiority of all other blood ; and hence Mr. Beecher says, “the North is the brain and the moral centre of this confederacy;” and Wendell Phillips last week, and indeed in al) bis lectures, affirms that the Puritanism of Massachusetts is the germ from which every- thing that is good in the country has sprung. As for the North being the brain of the con- federacy, the assertion is contrary to the noto- rious truth of history. A Southern man—Jef- ferson, a slaveholder—drew up the Declaration of Independence; » Southern man—Madison, a slaveholder—was the great artificer of the con- stitution; a Southern man—Washington,a slave- holder—presided over the federal convention which adopted it; was first President of the United States, as he was the victorious military chief of the Revolution—“first im war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen.” Up to the present time the slaveholding South has furnished the greater number of our Presi- dents and our principal statesmen, and it is only now, when narrow minded Puritanism at- tempts to grasp the helm, that there is danger of shipwreck Tt was not the witch-burning, persecuting sectarianism of Massachusetts that modelled the constitution, but the liberal ideas of Virginia—the Old Dominion, the mother of States and of Presidents. The colony of Jamestown was long ahead of that of Plymouth Rock—the rock on which we fear the Union is destined to be split. New York, too, was be- fore the Bay State. The order of colonization in the thirteen States was as follows:— Virginia by the British. S u New Hampshire by the Kuglish Puritans - 1628 Delaware by the Swodes (afterwards by the Duich oe ee . 1526 Connecticut by Massachusetts emigrants Maryland by Lord Baltimore and the Cathol Rhode Island by Masaachnsetts emigrants. North Carolina by Virginia settler: South Carolina by Virginia settlers New Jersey by Dutch and Swotes Pennsylvania by Win. Penn and the Quakers : Georgia by General Oglethorpe, the English and per- gocuted Protestants Of all MALONE... cs cece sees ++ 1732 The proportion of the Puritan element in sub- sequent migrations from Europe was compara- tively small. At the census immediately after the formation of the Union the population of Virginia was double that of Massachusetts, and nearly as great as that of the whole of the New England States, The population of Virginia was 747,610; that of all the New England States was only 827,443. The population of all the other States was 2,513,638. The popula- tion of New England was therefore only one- sourth of the whole. So untrue is it that Puri- tanism preponderated either in population, religion or intellect, or that it controHed the destinies of the country at the forma- tion of the government. The immense emigra- tion of recent years has been chiefly Irish and German, far remote from Puritanical fanaticism. The population of New England to-day bears a still smaller proportion to that of the other States than it did at the timo of the Revolution, and the Puritanical element in the whole country is far smaller than it was at the census of 1790. Far be it from us to deny that men of genius, able statesmen, scholars and distinguished patriots have been among the sons of the old Bay State, and at this day, in spite of their education, some of the most liberal minds in the country are to be found within her pale. But it must not be for- goi‘en that Massachusetts first started the fatal iden of secession, which has been imitated by South Carolina; nor can it be denied by any impartial observer that Massachusetts has always arrogated too much credit to herself. The idea of a confederated republic did not spring from the Puritans, but from the united Provinces of the Netherlands, who threw off the yoke of Spain; and the Hollanders bor- rowed it from tho medimval confedérations of Italian republics, who derived it from ancient Pagan Greece, the inventor of liberty and of arta, So little has the Christian religion of any sect, and least of all Puritanism, to do with the great charter of American freedom, which Mr. Beecher tells us is the sum of his “pure and undefiled religion.” If there is any one ele- ment of nationality in our constitution more than another itis that of the Dutch. As for the Puritans, they were not able to squeeze a particle of their sectarianism into the catholic and Godlike inatrument. In regard to slavery, Mr. Beecher conveys a totally false idea when he reprosonts Massachusetts as having started a civilization with free Ivor, and Virginia a UARY 3, 1861 civilization with slave labor. He says:—‘‘In one and the same year, 16 0, English ships landed the Puritans in New England and the negro slaves in Virginia—two seeds of two systems that were destined to find here a growth and a strength unparalleled in history.” Now, the truth of history is, that at the time of the Declaration of Independence all New England, including Massachusetts, was slave, and one of the grounds of revolution alleged in that mani- festo wus that the mother country excited in- surrection of the negroes, as Puritan emissa- ries from New England have lately done in the South. Massachusetts was the only State of the whole thirteen that was not slave State at the time of the Union. She never discovered that slavery was a sin till it had ceased to be profitable in her cold, barren climate, adapted only to the white emigrant of Europe. For years afterwards her ships conveyed slaves from Africa to Virginia and other Southern States. And long before that she made slaves of the Indians and sold them into captivity. All the Northern States, like Massachusetts, have found out that white labor is more profitable, and the Puritan, clergy have now discovered that negro slavery is a sin. The Southern States, on the contrary, find negro slavery profitable for their climate, and their clergy pronounce it not only no sin, but a be- neficent institution, sanctioned by the Bible iteelf. ° So far from negro slavery having any con- nection with the colonization of Virginia, she long protested against the importation of ne- groes from Africa by British authority. It was the discovery of the cotton gin by an ingenious Yankee that rendered slavery profitable to the South, and to the whole nation; and had the Puritans inhabited the South, instead of bleaks New England, we should never hear a word from them against negro slavery. Even as it is they grow rich from the manufacture of cotton, and all of them wear the fabric which comes from slave culture, while none are so conscientious as to deny themselves the use of sugar, or rice, or tobacco, the products of the same kind of labor. Now the Puritans hold that the negroes ought to be made free throughout the whole land—which of course implies their equality with the whites, their right to amalgamate with them, and their right to fill the public offices, from that of President downwards. The re- publicans hold that there ought to be only one kind of labor at the South and at the North. But the laws of nature overrule their contracted views. Hitherto -homogeneous na- tions have been formed by race and climate, and their institutions have been regulated thereby. The United States of America form an exception to the rule, because their vast area enibraces two opposite climates—one cold, suited only for white labor, and the other tro- pical, suited only for negro labor. For the fift time in the history of the race it has thus become happy, contented, civilized and Chris- tianized. In the North the negro dies out. There is no antagonism, no irrepressible con- flict, between the two systems of labor. Both harmonize with nature, and both contribute to the happiness of their respective sections and to the good of the whole. It is only by servi- tude under Christian masters that the negro has ever been rescued from barbarism, or can be preserved from relapsing into it. It is only by this system that he can be com- pelled to work in the South; and never did any population become civilized but by labor Hence the failure to civilize the Indian, because he could not be subdued to labor. It is only by servitude of the negro that the two races can be kept distinct in one community; otherwise we should soon witness here that deterioration of men which has ruined Mexico. Servitude is happiness to the negro; liberty is a means of happiness to the Anglo- Saxon, and the present relative condition of both races is the best security for the prosperity and well being of the whole community. This double system of civilization in one country is a new governmental idea peculiar to the United States of America. It has worked well, and would have worked well forever if let alone. Whether the condition of the North will be improved by the change which now seems in- evitable, is a problem which yet remains to be solved. New Mexico axp tie New York Trrpune.— The Hon. Massa Greeley, in his anxiety to pre- vent the admission of New Mexico into the Union as a measure of compromise, has been saying some hard things of the people of that Territory, which were reiterated in Congress by Mr. Sherman, of Ohio, and Messrs. Wash- burne and Tappan in the minority report of the Committee of Thirty-three. The delegate in Congress from New Mexico, Mr. M. A. Otero, has replied to the Trilune’s article in a lengthy letter, which appears in a Washington paper, denying all the assertions of our contemporary, and stigmatizing them as false and malevolent. The leading charges against New Mexico were that an attempt is being made there to establish slavery by “the scum of Southern ras- caldom, driven out of California by the San Francisco Vigilance Committee,” who are now jodged in Arizona; that the federal offices in the Territory are filled with pro-slavery propa- gwndists; and that the people of the Territory are a hybrid race of Spanish and Indian origin, “ignorant, degraded, demoralized and priest- ridden.’ To all and every of -these assertions Mr. Otero gives an unqualified denial. He says, in answer to the first charge, that these victims of the Vigilance Committee were “all from the North, and mostly citizens of New York. The interesting catalogue consists of Billy Mulligan, Reub Maloney, Charley Duane, Dan Aldrich, Casey, Cora, Yankee Sullivan and others, all of whom were Northern men, and addicted to the practice of shoulder hitting and ballot box stuffing. They have never set foot in New Mexico, but are enjoying the association and pleasures of congenial spirits in the city which is honored with the presence of Horace Gree- ley.” To the second charge he replies that in the appointment of federal officers he took the initiative himself, and that not one of them was selected for his pro-slavery opinions; and ‘hat, with the exception of a few army officers, no one in New Mexico holds a slave To the assertion that the people whom he (Mr. Otero) represents are a hybrid race, ignorant and priest-ridden, he opposes the statement that the conquered Indian raoe holds itself entirely apart from those of Spanish blood, lives in different villages, has a different social status, and never intermarries with the Spaniards, He avows that the New Mexican people possess as firmly organized a moral structure a# any people on the face of the e»rth; and in regard to their being priest-rid- den, he advises the editor of the Tribune to “administer rebuke to the unholy fanaticism whicb, Sabbath after Sabbath, desecrates the pulpit of the North by inculcations of resist- ance to the laws of the land, of treason against the constitution of the United States, of war upon the peace, prosperity and happiness of our imperilled country. Let him turn the battery of his press,” he says, “upon the insane ravings of pretended ministers of the Gospel throughout New England and New York, and he may then rebuke the pricstcraft of New Mexico.” And with this piece of excellent ad- vice the delegate from New Mexico dismisses the Hon. Massa Greeley. Too Late iy THe Day.—The Washington cor- respondents tell us that the Senate Chamber presented a very impressive scene the otber day, when the monster petition in favor of con- ciliation and compromise was brought in by Mr. Seward, who was kind enough to allude in the most flattering terms to eminent mer- chants, bankers, publishers, &¢., of New York, who took the trouble to go all the way te Washington in the hope that their mere per- ‘ onal appearance at the Capitol would be suf- ficient to bring about a settlement of the pend- ing question and restore peace to the country. This is all a mistake, and the distinguished citi- zens of New York made their tedious journey for nothing. Mr. Seward is undoubtedly a very great man, but hardly equal to the present emergency; the Chamber of Commerce is a most important institution, but there are some things beyond its reach; the eminent merchants, bank- ers, printers and so on are very worthy and influential people in their proper spheres, and of very small importance out of them. Their errand was a bootless one, because things have gone too far; the secession fever has become 80 widely spread and so deeply seated that the present administration and Congress can do nothing to abate its violence. Had a compro- mise been offered at the beginning of the ses- sion it might have been acceptable, but now things are in such a position thai the Union can only be restored by a direct appeal to the people. It is altogether too late in the day for fine speeches and monster petitions. Economy with 4 VENGEANCE.—Among other fine things which were to result from the eleo- tion of a black republican President, according to the leaders of the party, was the introduc- tion of a system of rigid economy into the ad- ministration of public affairs. By way of illus- trating this idea, we presume, Mr, Sherman, of Ohio, has introdueod a bill authorizing the President to borrow twenty-five millions of dol- lars. Mr. Sherman said that this money would soon be wanted, and that the bill should be passed immediately. This is what we call economy with a vengeance. Before the domi- nant party has come into power its leader asks for twenty-five millions of dollars as a begin- ning! Is this intended as a war loan, or only as the first inetalment wherewith the mouths of the more rapacious of the spoils seekers are to be stopped. —_—_ NEWS FROM THE STATE CAPITAL. NOMINATION FOR UNITED STATES SENATOR. The Excitement on the king after the Collectorship—Actions of the om the Commissioners to Washington, dic., dice Aunanr, Fob. 2, 1861. Yesterday morning the Evarts figurors were announ- cing numerous accessions to their ranks, and gave names of members and the persons that had prevailed upon them to change their votes. This, with tho activity of all the State officers, with the exception of Lieut, Gov. Campbell, for Evarts, led mo to believe that the tide wae strongly setting that way. Last evening I discovered that the numerous changes that they counted upon had not all been made, abd this morning, from porsonal inter views with the members, I further ascertained that they had made no accession; and, on the contrary, I dis- covered three members that were run for Grecley, that I put in my list yesterday against him. This, with other circumstances, among which is the statement of Weed that he hoped to succeed, but it was doubtfal, ’ When the Warwicks of the republican party doubt, then you can rely upon it that there are breakers ahead. The contest is a close one, and there will be cheating on all sides. . Bets were offered last night, two to one, that Evarts ‘would be Senator, and were quickly taken by the othe sive. The thing is considerably mixed up, and all sides are bound to be disappointed. The politicians that have becn influential and all power heretofore find themselves without avy now. ‘The famous lotter of Greeley to Seward, giving notice of bis retirement fromthe firm of Seward +., ved & Co., has been printe’ in pamphlet and) circulated amongst the members. Tho sentence, {)!> trust that we shall be even an the first Tuosdi] fSbruary next,” has been printed in smalMGaps and-Rylook-d wponyas ap- plicable now, inasmuch as the da gor’ clocting the United States Senator takes places ou the Yirst Tuesday of February. A petition has been sent up from New York to one of the republican members, signed by several hundred citi- zens, imploring him to vote for Horace Greeley for United States Senator. ‘The lobby is not by any means all on one side, There is a strong force for Greeley, from New York. Among tbe number actively at work I nuties Alderman Dayton, George Optyke, Pavid Dudley Field, ex Alderman Darragh, Hugh Gardiner, Councilman Orton, Caries A. Dana, Supervisor Dutehor, ox-Member Cooper, and several others of that stamp, all of whom are as busy as mortals well can be. Attorney General Meyer hus a string going back and forth between bis offixe and the Assembly Chamber, imploring .and plestiug in behalf of Evarts. I have vot yet aseortained any real important change that he bas brought akout kvarte is holding @ levee in the State Library this morning, and his agents are ronning thé members in one atatime, Weed has been in the Capitol ali the morning, is flying about like a general on the eve of a battle which there is a great danger of losoimg. Taking mem- bers uncer the shed has been the ordes of the day, and it would not at ali surprise me to see A grout Many changes made by this sive door operation. The commanver-in chief has ai of his genera’s, colonels, captains and tiea- tenants op band ae aoe duty, oa doing ali that they can to prevent the slate trom beimg broken. Hoxie bas returned and is on active duty for Grevey ‘There ts a nicely printed petition bemg circulated amongst the members ou the republican mde, praying the Presicent elect to appoint Jo-eph Hume Col ector of the Port of the city of New York. Mr. Robinson offered im the House tate morning resotu tions of the same nature of those goosmmted by Seuator Manierro in the Senate yesterday. Upwarcs of thirty bills were totradmped in the House today, making ali serts of prawinksa for the rotivf of rundry individuals, moorporating works end varivae other companies as astvciation®, am about the same Lumber were Hotked, SLOWingSoamaMmAively Wat there te 1D exgraor arsount of work marked out for the balance of the peseing. ‘The rey of Ube eommitaye: inting the Commis. siovere to Warhiigton wus ‘taken ww tae Senate this morning, and the Presdensef the senate ruled tbat tuay oye Lot be counidered wéthout unemimins consent. hjections were rnised adh the resolutions iaid over until Hor Spinola moved to suspend ban Aftorwarés Sena: the rales in orver to take thom up, as Moncay was the day for them to mavet, This motion was lost by a, vole < See fe twelve. Sion he revewed bia milion, but without aecomplishing oy thing, the repabi.can, Nenaters wrnpped in the Chi cago platform, tog thet to be the Bible sent dows by Ange! Gabried to 1 + AbG that the departure one Jeia trem the eadionl taterpretation of that inatrument would be 4 bigh #in in che wight of Heaven, But, «but they object any step for conciliation, and reject all mesures 10 Festera pesce and harmony to the country, they have pused forward tho bill approp: we | $600,000 for equipment and armament the mili, and have made it the —spooial order for noxt Wednesday, They are determined to hold up Vue sword but no ouncilintion, The actlon of the Senate ie almostfequivaiont to w dofeat of the Commis Later in the fee