The New York Herald Newspaper, February 3, 1861, Page 2

2 AFFAIRS IN EUROPE. THE COTTON PANIC IN ENGLAND. | Views of the Enzlish, French and Swedish | Press on the American Crisis, THE SOUTH CAROLINA MISSION TO FRANCE, | ery ery Kes, The Journal du Havre of January 15, says'— The | Commissioners from South Caroliaa, who have come tu Paris, have already had, it is said, an interview with M, Thouvevel at the office of the Ministry of Foreign Affuis. Nothing is known as yet of the result of the interview, but it is certain that no defimite action will be taker by the Brench Goccrnmend before the general condition of affairs in the cher slave States and Washington is known.”” The Austrian Gazatte observes :-— Rerdinia has neither men nor money enough to com. | mence a war on her owa account. Everything depends ‘on the decision of France, and we feel certain that France will not, under present circumstances, make war in favor Of Serdivia, Franco looks with no favorable eye on the @omination of Sardinia in Southern, Ualy. | Cavour me Btrong supporter of Italian unity. France has ever Bired any such reeuit, and docs not desire it now. The difficulties which Sardinia encounters and hopes to sury ‘mount in the kingdom of Napies aro not at all ene | to France. If Piedmont begins the war, France wil Stand aioof, and if the Piedmontese aggression fails she ‘will fall back on the treaty of Villafranca. An attack on the part of France would be 60 impolitic that we.see no Teason to fear it, exeept a8 an indirect means of recover- ing the frontier of the Rhine, There will be no war be- tween France and Austria unless there is war between France and Germany; but the “French have no wish for ch war at present, amd we therefore have conil- dchce in the duration of peace. Gen. de Gerlach, aid-de-camp of the late King of Prus- Bia, an’ one of bis Majesty's most intimate friends, has quickly followed bis sovereign to the grave. He caught a violent cold at the royal fuucral, which brought on erysipelas in the hes, and he died at Potsdam on tho evening of the 10th, He was seveuty-ove years of age. Much interest is excited in Paris by the report that M Jules Favre, the distinguished orator and advocate, in tends to speak on an early day, in his place in the Legis Jative Corps, on the tripolages, Ue jobbing at the Bayrse, the potsde vins and douceurs of various kinds and for va Tious objects, which for some time past have been the fertile theme of scandal to the public, and which from the alleged connection of well known characters with Bome of these transactions haye brought even (he govern. ment into some discredit. The graut of large salaries and of splendid resicences to the speaking ministers the ministers portevoir, as they are called—will also be treated by M. Favre. Our London Correspondence. Lonpox, Jan. 16, 1361 The China Treaty—Commerce and Christianity—The English View of the American Crivis—Syeculations upon Peace or War—The Colton Pright—Affairs in Ualy—The Fenetian Quesion—The English Parliament—Tie lee Carnivel—Distress in England, dc. An important document bas just arrived from China It is a despatch from Chung-Wang, the Tac-?ing Emperor of China, to Lord Elgin, asking to be recognized as the real Celestial Emperor, vice Hien-Fung, the Vokin Em peror, not fit to rule. Tie also wants the glorious privi- lege of propagating Christianity under the patronage and guidance of the serene and occidental Mr. Join Bull, and our sovercign Lady Victoria Alexandrina, Defender of the Faith, &c. A certain mouthpiece of Mr. Bull at home— to wit, ashoet called the Zimes—is constrained, under fear of not otherwise uttering all the trath, to confess that these overtures are made to the Britigh Am}assador under the promptings of an American missionary, and ‘who figures in the rebel king’s despatch under the souo- and Oriental coynomen of Lo How chuen sing sang. Ms this new candidate for the friendship of the Christian nations of the West wishes to do two important things—propagate Christianity and receive British cot tons and hardware at low duties—tue organ of public opinion before mentioned has “strong grounds of objection to the first, on account of the quali ty of tho article’? which would be dealt in, but thinks the market for should be looked after. That is, of course, all charac- teristic of the nation of shopkeepers. Perhaps the Ame Ticans, when they get ready to attend to foreign alfuirs, will be disposed to indulge Chung-Wang in his aspirations for Christian worship, a8 well as for a clean shirt, and permit the Gospel and the almighty dellar to go together. Sordid Mr. Bull seems to take about the same view— though not so comprehensive certainly—as a cortain Hibernian did who applied for the band aad heart of the danghter of « Brazilian planter, and whose dowry con- sisted of a reepectabie number of woolly heads aud stal worth limbs and bodies. At the marriage ceremony Pat was asked if he would take the lady for his awful wedded wife—‘Yase, and the nagers too, yor riverence!"’ Mr. Bull, if the Zimes is an exponent, ‘would be glad of the ‘‘nagers’'—tRe tleshpots of Chinese trade—but cares nothing for the spiritual ond domestic comforts of Christianity. A different and lees mercenary view of the case will probably be taken by the uation at large than that of a paper that makes ail principles subor. dinate to its gra: piag for gain. ‘A great deal of space is now,devoted in the English journals to the diseussion of American affairs. As to the ultimate results, vdrians conjectures are indulged in; but ‘one opinion, however, is expressed as to tho course of Presideat Buchanan. He is universally condemned, both by the correspondents of the English press in America and the edi‘ors here. The total waut of a decided stand in his message; his vacillating course; his refusal to wend seasonable aid to Charleston, his tame submis. gion to the capture of forts, Custom houses, post Offices and argonals; his timid fears of assassination, and his total lack of decision, are all arrayed against him ‘Two or three riffed cannon have been shipped from Liver- pool to Charleston, that being probably the most that the credit and means of the »1 could afiord to buy. Thave taken pains to talk with a good many prominent men—politicians, statesmen, merehants and bankers—to learn which way public opinion is setting, both aa to sympathies and the probable results of the straggle. it is, raliy believed that a war is most imminent, if not vitable, and that nothing but cooler counsels and less passion and precipitancy among Souchern statesmen can eave the country from the dire effects of a civil war, one of the most certain results beiug the absolute ruin of the Sovth. On asking either American or English wontlemen as to the course that President Livcoln can adopt, no porstble course is suggested a8 probable or consiatent bat the Prompt execution of the laws at all bazards. | have asked a number what course would probably bo taken by n oourte in the event of any or ail of the Southern ‘States sending a diplomatic agent (o represent them, and obtain a recognition while the difficulties were pening. “Not one of them would be accepted,” was the unan! mous opinion. The southern people may rest assured ‘that there is « very prevalent bearing—they can call it “prejudice,” “weakness,” ‘fanaticism,’ or what they in favor of freedom, and against slavery. ‘The “Cotton Supply Association’ are particularly ac tivo, and by dieccasion and public meetings are endeavor ing, in every possible way, to increase supplies in other ‘of the world, 80 they’ can be iadependent of Ameri ca. You may be aware that the rate of increase in the imports for several yeark was much greater in the trade from Brazil, india, Africa and Australia than from the United States. Asthe French have stipulated, in their treaty with China, for an unlimite’ supply of osolies for Algeria, that will bo doubt soon be a@ large cotton pro ducing country. Ail these indicstions show which way the wind blows. Italian affairs are much disturbed. The King of Italy ‘has consented to an armistice at Cneta, aud the Emperor has given orders to withdraw his fleet. In Sicily a ou n Italy, the state of affuire is represented by Tusion, disaffection, revolt, and, in short, perfect Louis Kapoleon is ‘determined’ that Victor F not reign over a united Italy, and I fear bh to foment rebellion, and in some way carry out bis insi gious intentions. ‘Avatria goes on her old way, but is making some pro- ‘mises for the future, Hungary it to have her own [iet, or Iegitiative body, the constitution of 1848, and no sol diers but Hungarians quartered in the country. The Austrian Cabinet has declared that the first aftack or Menace on Venetia from the South will be looked upon asx tantamount {0 9 declaration of war by Piedmont Great excitement was lately created in Holland by the purreptit publication of the fact that forty mil Tons be ty ward Fone of Austrian bonds were held on materdam Rourse. The public debt ¢ Bria is $1,500,000,000 or threo hy Ion storliog— and of this the Duteh copy for about a0 ath part. I fear th « many of the burgomasters will renv of emptiness for many long years to come Parliament is soon to avvemble. There hays heen an un naval number of changes during the last yen), amounting fo no lees than thirty six inmumoor. Thirtoon deatieh oourred, five resigned their seats, five were ume for lity in elections, four accepted oitive, ani ‘were advanced to the peornge. The cousorvative yx claim a clear gain of two members—four gains and 4 foam of 6 next Howse will probably stand om 239 a) Liberals ‘ 9 These figures show that Disraeli ant fh friends have the largest single party in th House, while it ig only by what the Standard calls the unnatural junction” of Tord Palmerston and his , whiga with the “democrati> party’ of 9% Chat bl wontinues to hold the re f government. it may b #0; but Pam knows where his stron lies,“ pot renegade liberal, aut han coppers, Und ‘withstanding poor Horainan, ti + ow renegade tory, gets more kic! the bead of “Sport ‘= fol! lye ehirtings and Brummagem notions what Mr. Samuel Pepys would call a * epigram. TRE JOUSFY OF BTROUD. 1t must be aliowed, Ps 2 the Sone st waa a Ke, easy it. S by bolting or shying, Nor in the mud lying, ice carnival has been made to do duty for the volun- cer service, while catering to the amusements of the me- tropolis, A’ few nights ago a grand sham fight came off on the Serpentine, in Hyde lurk, the weapons used be tockets—not Congreve’s—torches and other innocent “fh eancs,’’ combustibles and explosives. Tne scene was one of the most brilliant and imposing ever witnessed. ‘The cold weather still contimues, so that we may expect Some days more of skating Prince Altred bas just embarked for the West India sta. tion, in 4 squadron of the royal navy; and, after a sojourn at Jamaica, $t. Thomas and’ Bermuda, you may perhaps, some fine day in spring, have the privilege of Dis Royal Highness at New York. le is a spirited lad, and no way inferior to his older and more illustrious brother. Another of our old peers bas departed—the Duke of Sutberiané—something of a politician, but pot as noted im that arena as his wife, the charming aud ce Duchess. Asa statesman he never cut # figure deuth creates no blank At the present time there is a great deal of and suffering in London. There are #aid to be 20,0 tons out of employment and walking the streets of don, who were never inside of a workhouse. Ail he’ public charities are unusually active, buat hore is a great deal of destitution that cana be cached, The mortality bills are larger each week than the usual average at this season, Steam and joint stock companies don't seem to flourish. ‘The India abd China Steam Company, lately launched, stands i ‘ance, the stock not being called for except in distressingly small quantities, There isso much jot +, Stealing, putting of incompetent and dishonest triends inio important berths, and every attendant loss and bad management, particularly in steam companies, that no wonder the public are getting shy of them. I know of one smi! steam company that has beeu holding of and doing nothing for years, while their steamers are laying up, anda small, Select aud well paid Board and Secretary are constantly ‘looking after the interests of the ecmpany.”” It, was found that no one could even buy or charter their stoamers, and that it was shrewdly mis trusted that these digintercated gentlemen might possi bly be locking after someboay’s ipterests besides the shareholders’, A few bundred shaves changed hands and our sinccurists were upset and turned ont, the steam- ers sold at good price, 1! r8 got a good jump ef money few old drones lost a good nest egg and 4 very G0 able berth. overty per a The Cotton Panic in England, (From the London Chronicle, Jat. 15.) For many years, and under different names, an aasocia tion for prouoting the cultivation of cottoa has € A in Manchester or Liverpool. Considering the reiatior subsisting between the Lancashire community and the cotton market, we cannot wonder that the subject should have attracted very serious interest. The questiom is, in fact, little short of life and death. Ruin te merchamis and ‘mil! owners, and starvation to the restof the population, hang immediatly in the balance. One year's failure of the Ameri p, or postpomement of the American supely, would produce calamities worse (han any war or famine within modern experience {From the London Herald, Jan. 19. The first act of the federai government in dealing with the secession of South Carolina has been to order ships-of- war to the city of Charleston, and we may shorly bear of vessels being despatched to Mobile and Savannah, and to all other ports of seceding States. We beg to reraind her Majesty’s Ministers that the United States cotton crop of 28t0 bas not come to hand, and that probabilities ex ist of its beidg delayed some time. With actual war on the coast there is small likelihood of the planters for warding their bales for shipment wuless through New York and the Northern ports, and it is possibie they will not be permitted to adopt that course. In addition to this delay, there is the actual fagt of the cot- ton States arming their citizens aud preparing for a struggle of some duration. The campaign will be com. menced at the precise time when the cotton crop of 1861 shcuid be piauted, and if our government be sutistied that the operations of agriculture will be continued as usual, and that the slaves will remain quiet when the check of federal authority shall be withdrawn, then is there no danger to the manufactures of the country. But if they adroit the certain diminution of our cotton sup- ply from the United States, and its not impossible cessa. tion next year, it were wise to look immediately to our own colonies to obviate the deficiency, The English Press on the American Crisis. (From the London Herald, Jan. 12.) It has been too anuch the custom of late years to repre- sent the American confederation as a model government, Certain politicians in this-country have pointed triumph. aptly to the United States in proof of the superior advan- tages of democracy, assuring us that the most extended freedom is guaranteed to the citizens, and the affairs of the republic administered in an inexpensive manner. ‘The constitution framed by Jefferson and his co-workers ‘s compared with our own, the latter being regarded by them as a mere collection of vague traditions and precedents, whilst the former is vaunted as a plain and simple instrument which he that runneth may read. It is casy to show, however, that the constitution of the United States is not so considered by Americave, and that the two sections into which the republic is now divided attach very different intentions to it. The democratic party, speaking through the President, the majority in the Senate and the 6 Court, declare the constitution to be protective very, whilst the Northern States maintain that servitude, except for crime committed, is pur- po ighared tuiroughout its provisions. The Judges of the Supret@ Court have been so frequently called upon to determitf? the meaning and intention of the instru- ment that the tribunal might almost be considered to ex- ist for no other purpose; and Mr. Buchanan now suggests that au end be put to these commentaries by a final “ex- planatory amendment,” to be embodied in the constitu. tion as a part of itself. It is doubtful whether this ad. vice, if followed, would avail in restoring harmony be- {ween the contending factions. The North has other objects in view than its rival, and whenever the interests of the two sections clash it is certain that each would defend its own action by appealing to the common charter. We cannot buat agree with Mr. Lincoln, the President elect, that the sole cause of the frequent disputes between the two sections is to be found in the unvanquishable antagonism of a and freedom, and that the conflict must be irrepressible until one or the other shall be supreme throughout the entire republic. Secession of the Southern States cannot long postpone the fina) issue, for the adverse principles would continue to struggle for the mastery although separated by political lines of demarcation. Fugitive siave laws would then no longer exist in the North, and every inducement would be held out to the negroes to fice from their masters, This would necessitate the maintenance of large bodies of trcops on the frontier of the Southern republic, in order to render escape im ible, and this would be produc tive of frequent collision between the two countries. South Carolina evidently dia nct take this contingency into consideration when determining @n the formation of a slave holding republic; but it is doub Jess this eventuality which deters the border Southern States from joining im secession. Virginia, Ken- tucky and ryland would beeome the battle ground of the “contending parties, and whilst the cotton districts could suffer little loss, if any, from the escape of fugitives, it would be weil nigh impossible to prevent the slaves crossing the border and becoming ee men. uthern republic would be the deom of the Western States. Tiinow, Indiana, fowa, Minuesota, Michigan and Wisconsin, which are now attracting the surpins popula- ‘ope, and Didding fair to become the granaries of the world, would sink into complete insignificance when the mouths of thesMississippi are held by a foreign Power. American statesmen have long foreseen the pre- sent crisis, and, years ago, Heary Clay declared that, sooner than consent to such an ‘evil, the great Weat would brave all the horrors of a fratricidal war, With the outlets of the Mississippi, Missouri and Ohio in the possession of a foreign Power, as they if Louisiana join her fortunes to those of ists, the Western States will love all the benefits arising ntirely cut off from the rn Stateshave no interest in a con tinuance of the Union that will compare with this, and, Were it possible for them to regard separation as prefer Able to civil war, the West could uot cougent to it without certain annihilation. Such estrangement ean never be accomplished with a Western man tn the Presidency, and we believe that Mr. Lincoln will endeavor to render it for the future impos sible. This ce” only be eflected in carrying out the prin- cipies of the party which has elected lim to office, by making “freedom national and slavery sectional.’ So long as free and slave labor are comparatively equal cod in the Legislature at Washington, so long will be heart burnings and disputes between North and Mr. Lincoln ‘has the opportunity of deciding the once and for ever, and ail friends of humanity aud civilization expect that be will prove himself worthy of the confidence repored in bim by the freedom-loving majority of the American people. (From the London Telegraph, Jan. 19.) It was said by a keen and brilliant writer that the pow er of the United States rests in the tatellectual, and physical strength of the whole body of the people. Secession implies disruption of thie mighty thinking, breathing, active Break up the Union, and where is the political greatness of North America’ ‘What influ ence would either of the hestile federations exert in Ru- rope’ It woul! be, thenceforth, a corn and timber mar. ket in competition with a cotton and tobaceo emporium And why bos the strength of the Union increased with years? Because new States, one after another, have accepted, applied, ond maintained the original Principles upon which the constitution of Washington was founded. Abandon ty monuments of the past are oliterated: th f, and the pr ed anireby Hetter « temporary dead final break-up, sggravatet by bloodshed. The ‘world cap afford to sec the whole of the American con faderation embarrassed, but it would be a disaster for mankind were one half of the republic ruined. We must prepare, nevertheless, to Jearn that the fratricidal war bos began. Neither the temper of the North nor that of the South appears favorable to comprom|se ws of the Charleston Convent the bravado of men with « sibility, ‘The slavebunter: bells to celebrate the banging of Joho vverwhelm balf the Union with slaughter Now, the ld itify their hatred of the abolitionists. Brown fore, the titution, the law, tho patriotism of the ! i are olémaly upon their trial The for the first time in its Vought face to face with # pod er. Never, since tha Dechiration of vlependence, as to formidable a cris Aud by whom hus it Deen ewueedy Partly, ke confess, by the exasperating abd intemperat the ultra aboli tn whe affected to regard th of Mr. Lin colt as an event which would pat ae the hands of the negro. 1onlity bim for re on | his opprestore but ehictly herners them | selves, who, having en “ { power and office for a long term ¢ 1 » a strictly constitutional nud | tt leads to the ‘The hollowness of her cause is een beneath of ber labored denunciation, and surely to her, if to community of modern days, may be of the Hebrew prophet— thing is commities in the falsely, and my people love to have it s0.”” The French View of Southern Secession. the South declares itself threatened before it is attacked, and secedes from the Union, whieh bas other wrong towards it than that of constitutionally elect- ing a President representing the opinions of an immense majority. tion of Mr, Lincoln did not slavery, but simply a firm resolve to prevent its unlimit- ed extension. exception, were unanimous in saying to have carried your conquests far farther. quired ’ rights, terminaticn of the North, which patient, nevertheless to such a degree , with justice, without delay, she is treading in the path that downfall of nations andthe "mer of fami all the pomp ied the ‘A wonderful and horrible land. The prophets prophesy (From the Paris Constitutionnel, Jan. 10.) After following for a long time an encroaching policy, committed no For we must once more remark that the elec- 'y the abolition of ik the Northern States, with one solitary the South, “You enough ; you shall not go vat the least intention of assailing any ac- This legitimate expression of the de- had so far been much too sutticed to irritate the South as to make it throw all modera- tion to the winds, and rush headlong into the most revolutionary courses. Joy the advantage of lees restricted an num’ It would that slavery is not the only motive for the projects of separation. Tho South likewise its interests sacrificed, in the tang jarifis, to those of er Northern aereceeeey it ong protested against the protec! ua ed on the States of the confederat! et een “A en- More direct com- mercial intercourse with the nations of Europe. These ideas must haye exercised an important influence on the projects which South Carolina has an to carry into effect. ‘The slavery question hos, however, always held the foremost place in the present crisis. It 3s to preserve this cherished ‘‘peculiar institution,’ and to provide for the security of the masters in the midst of their slaves, that the South prociaims itself a rebel to the federal con- stitution. ery, therefore, must be regarded as the chief cause of the catastrophe we now witness—a catas- hich so many eminent mon had predicted as in- coper or later. {From the Paris Debats, Jan. 10.) wo months Mr. Lincoln will take possession of the itship, It would appear, from the language of the hig party, that the President and Congress will pon South Carolina to obey. Should war ensue, le South take part with South Carolina, what become of all the deplorable interests created by Is it not easy to imagine a conjuncture of cir. in which, even if catastrophes from whioh the imagiuation shrinks with horror are avoided, the for- tunes of the slave owners will be a thousand times more endangered by their rupture with the North than they possibly could haye been by the maintenance of the Union’ The Crisis in America in a Swedish Point of View. Translated from the Foikets Rost (te Voice of the People), of Stockholm, Dec. 24, 1860, for the New Yor« Henarb] “The American form of government,’ says Mr. 4 Dest aver which a country had ever ? The breathing of a doubt of the truth assertion would be regarded in the United States as a heresy; but in Europe the people have the “iiberty”” of ‘expressing their modest differences of opi nion; and to thisextent, at least, our liberty is greater thav that of America. European reasoners are not to be ccerced into overlooking the glaring contradiction of an American statesman endeavoring, by kindly words and flattery, to divert bis countrymen from a revolutionary act, and basing his argument on the hypothesis that the “form of government” which produced the impending cris's is the ‘best in the world.”* The constitution of the United States has now served for eighty years, under circumstances that cannot be regarded but as most favorable to its durability. Without danger of over popu- jation; without standing army; without inherited institutions from the musty Middle Ages, and at the expiration of this naa \ period this same be-praised constitution will pretext and cause of a crisis whose first breathin| ready devel the mos pestilential symptoms of pational sickness—the stoppage of all trade and industry—mistrust in credit and the suspension of banks. ‘And the reagon of all this is, that one Abraham Lincoln as, according to the law of the same constitution been elected President. But if this election should be only a pretext—if the motive of the Southern insurrection is still deeper rooted—the Euro conclusion, in view of the fact that such a thing can occur without the government having the power to quash it instanter, is that the United States are lamentably in want of decent institutions. The Ger- man Confederacy does not suffer theoretically from such destitution, although it cannot, maybe, boast much of its practical effectiveness. The Presi- dent of the United States possesses no power or means against the present traitors. He can do nothing to a eitiwen who thus openly defies, the federal laws without being duly empowered by the Congress for such an extraordinary case. Some may remark that Fg A Congress could ‘not, in such a case of need , with- hold its unanimous sanction. Perhaps not; but Congress is not always assembled at such critical moments; it must first be summoned, constitute itself, and proceed in accordance with rules and regulations, which render the opposing of a lawful decree a very simple and easy matter. the mere election of the Speaker of the House can, as it occurred One year ago, consume a period of many valua- ble wecks. A member, if he is only in saion of a ood pair of lungs, can, by epeaking for days in succes- sion, suspend the decision on a bill—to say nothing of the more eflicient modes of delay, such as amendments, voting, appeals, committees, &e., Ke. In the meantime a revolution has a beautiful chance to strengthen ‘and spread itself, and it is very probable that a civil war is now unayoidable; whereas a better govern- mental organization and prompt executive proceedings would have sufficed to quell the social storm. Another method is assuredly open to the President; he can law fully bring an action for treason against’ a rebellious State, and that would, undoubtedly, according to the constitution, be the proper procedure; then, if the federal government win the cause, it can instantly despatch troops to execute the sentence that has obtained tegal sanction. Bot it is perfectly clear that much could not be gained by the adoption of that plan; the prolonged and antagonistic action of the courts of law when en- gaged in bitter questions of a constitutional nature, would have a more disastrous effect than even the tedious and Hortian debates in Congress. Concerning the present occurrences in the United States, this slowness in decision wiil not be of any great importance; the movement of South Carolina cvinces such a decided character of fanaticism that it is to be hoped, if left alone, it will crumble to pieces for want of combination, But the fearful stagnation which this question hag occasioned in every department of trade is not yet ameliorated, nor the td and authority of the government, which the slavebol’ers have go grossly in- sulted, vindicated, The most trivial ground of, or a sup- position of a cause for compiaint, can at any moment give rise to the came disturbances; so that the re- volutionists can act with impunity, unmolested and un- punished, The Americans are prone to cast into the tecth of Kuropeans the large sums required for the support of motarchs and courts, but it is a question as to which comes out financially the best—the Old World, with her expensive dynasties, or the New, with her election of President. When we contemplate the probable cost of the election, and add to it what the present panic is likely to cost the citizens of that “glorius republi lic,” we are sadly afraid that it would t to support a host of luxurious monarchs y advanced age indeed, Further, there is the dread that these extra expenses may hencoforward be re. newed every fourth year, if the patriotic statesmen of that great Tepublic Wo not at once adopt measures for atrepgthenthg the power of the government. If the arro gance of the slaveholders is tow permitted to go un- punished, and they succeed in obtaining many more con- cession= from the Congress. they will employ the same ap- proved means of disturbunce at every sticceeding elec tion: the yell of “disunion” will perpetually be reiterated, to the terror of the merchant, the mechanic, the banker and the laborer. It behooves every good citizen to take present crisis; to lay aside partialities a and seriously to combine for the preserv: Union. This postponed, and this great, this noble republic may be lost to them forever, The Canada Extradition Case, (From the London News, Jan. 16. ‘of Anderson bas assumed anew phase. An application was yesterday made by Mr. Kdwin James. to the Court of Queen's Bench for a writ of habeas corpus, directed to the authorities in Canada, commanding them to bring up the body of Anderson. After consideration the application was granted, the result of which is that the judges at Westminster will practically have to review the decision of the judges in Canada. So far as poor Anderson himself is concerned, we cannot persuade our selves that bis ultimate release is ia any degree more cer tain than it was before. It has, indeed, been somewhat illogically concluded, from the mere fact of the Court of Queen's Bench having accepted the jurisdiction, that their decision must of necessity.differ from that of their Canadian brethren, On the contrary, if they should avree, the difficalty in the way of refusing to surrender Anderson will probably be even greater than it is at present; for the Ministers will be compelied to overrule not oniy the colonial, but the h ly, however ie ers Keoms to that the majority of the were mis taken in the opinion which vhey delivered, Af all events, 1 is cleay that the Foreign Secretary will never be advised to surrender a fuoitive who has had the misfortune to kill his advercary in defending his own life. Important to Parties Sending Mail ter ¢ United States and Cana Ow ity official regu! thé subeet are clear} d at pages O35 and 46 in the British Postal Guide, N many newspapers iddreseed to the United States and to Canada are posted in this country either unpaid or insufficiently paid, and ore therefore pot forwarded, but sent to the returned let ter branch for dieporal, It seems to be forzotten that sneh newspapers must be prepaid one penny cach, what 1 may be contained in a single packet, and that the charge is not regulated by weight, as is tae Case with un stamped newspapers sont (hrongh the post in this country Tt bas al en observed t) fraudulent practice pre vile, to @ copsiderat euclsing letters o other articles in news to oF received fro forelan covatrics, expe jew, whieh renders the Ha the least penatty, to be charged whth full letter fostade, according to thelr weight, ‘The officers of th ce paritr e Kirietly enjoined to exauin at wi ou om meen matter, the view of ture irregularities. of the Postmaster Geaeral. 7 ROWL ‘ND HILL, Secretary. Gexenat Post Orrick, Jan. 16, 1861. ‘The Liberal Concessions of the French Goverament. {From the Loudon Chronicle, Jan. 361) Senate and Legislative Ly rance are comet to meet for the 4th of February. The recent | tical changes in that country invest this meeting of th French Parliament with unusual importance. On this side of the channel, we cannot but look forward with in- terest to a renewed freedom, of discussion in the Legisla- tive body in Paris. The priv! lately accorded to the Assembly of Deputies ought to furnish us with @ key to the genuine opinions of the French nation on the ques- tions which areoccupying the attention of the European There is ho reason to doubt the sincerity of Emperor, and it would, indeed, have been im- possible for him to do so mush for the freedom and inde- pendence nd withhold from his own subjects the privileges already possessed by a people for whom France has willingly made enormous sacrifices in men avd moacy. In a few days, deputies from the different provinces. of Italy will meet at Turin, and the discussions in which, they will engage will be ag free as in our own House of Commons. It contine the French is to be that the same thing may bo aid of the proceed! ithe Leg: iative body in Fraace. ‘The Em w is well Rware that his chief st must rength. be derived from the indopendent support of his people, and the best way to secure that support is to allow the greatest possible freedom of discussion to the national r tatives, The nseasures by whish.Count Per inaugurated his accession to office have been regarded in this country asa proof of a desire on. gh id of the French government to maintain a cordial alliance with Great Britain. We are now, moreover, about to witness the work ing of consti@utional changes which cannot fall to exercise a potent inSuence, for good or for ovil, on the destinies of France and of Europe, and it rests, with the Yrench deputies ta eove that they know how to take advantage of the privileges accorded to them. The Late King of Prussia. TESTAMENTARY PAPER, We read in the Prussian Gazette: —‘‘ It will be a consola- tion to my people, in their just sorrow on account of the decease of the King my beloved brother, to know the ood thoughts and desires which be wrote with his own . in contemplation of death, Accordingly, I desire that these last wishes, dated the 6th of Se eee should be immediately made public. WILLIAM.’” ‘The royal document which is referred to in the pre- ceaing note is as follows:— CiAKLOFTENRUKG, the day of the Transfiguration ) ‘of our LordJesus Christ, Aug. 6, 1854. j How | wish to be interred. he Lord deeree that I terminate my terrestrial career peaceably in my country,and if, which I fervently entreat of him on my knees, my tender and beloved Fiise shall survive me, this paper is to be delivered to her immediately after my death, Whatever she shall chapge shall be executed as if that were written here; her order shall be mine. Moreover, I wish one day to repose by ler side, in the game tomb, as near to her as possible. As soon as my Geeease shall baye been certified by the physicians, T Wish my body to be washed and opened. My heart, deposited in a large heart formed of granite from the country of Marche, and place at the entrance of the vault in the mausoleum of Charlottenburg (and consequently at the feet of my royal parents), shall be enclosed in the ground and covered by it. My resting place shall be the Church of P before the steps which lead to the holy table, between’ the marble pulpit and the commencement of the seats, on the left (on the right of the altar) of the line of the middle of the body of the church, in such a manner that one day the Queen may repose on my right. The space indicated, in all its breadth from our church seat as far as those ‘opposite, ell as the intervals between the public seats up to the pillars of the choir, shall be afresh in marble, from the funds of which I shall leave, in the sim- plest manuer, but in harmony with the floor and with the holy table. Immediately’ above my tomb shall be placed an oblong slab of white marble, flat, level with the pavement of the church, and similar to the two slabs of the mausoleum of Charlottenburg. There shall be en- graven band it the monogram of Christ, with the follow- ing inseription:— lere lics in God bis Saviour, with the hope of a bliss- ful resurrection and of a merciful judgment, depending solely on the merits of Jesus Christ our Divine Re- deemer, the late, &e. At my interment there shall be observed the sme ceremony as that used for the King my deceased father. ‘The funeral shall take place at the cathedral of Berlin if T die in the neighborhood of Berlin; but if I die in the vi- cinity of Potsdam it shall be solemnized in thechurch of Peace, near Sans Souci. As soon as the termination of my life shall have been ascertained by my physicians, there shall be sent 150 thalers of gold to the poor of the cathedral, in accordance with my own custom every time that I receive the holy sacrament at Faster. The same sum shall also be placed at the — ‘1 of the other churches where I bave com- municated, for their poor; that is to say, the Church of Peace, the parish church of Erdmansdoril, the cathedral church of Spandau, the evangelical church of Fischbach, and the church of the Oratoire of Paris. ‘The Gazette of Southern Germany says:—King Frederic William bas not left any private fortune. He spent his revenues not only in numerous acts of charity, but in building and the purchase of works of art. He leaves behind him a great number of masterpieces of different schools and a magnificent library. All these pass to the present King. The Queen Dowager will have 300,000 thalers per annum Chinese Emigration. {From the Frien’ of China, Dec. 12, 1860.) Aproclamation by the native authorities was exten sively posted about Canton early last month, in which the people were informed that there would be opposition to their engaging with foreigners for service in western Jands; and that men with families might take their wives and children. Simultaneously with this announcement the agent for emigration to the British West Indies, on bebalf of “the British government, advertised the terms on which the business of the opening season is to be con- ducted. In brief, these terms are as follows:— ‘The paseage money to the West Indies is paid by gov- ernment, but the return passage money has to be provid- ed by the party returning. ‘The wages guaranteed as a commencement are four dollars a month, together with a separate house for each family , garden ground, medical attendance and food. It is possible, however, for an experienced agriculturist to earn from twelve to fifteen dollars a month—iiterally four to flve mace aday—and as the government gives bim liberty to do this, his claim for food on arrival ceases, and he finds himself. ‘The women’s time is their own: they may labor for wages, or be idle, as they see fit, Clothing and food for tho voyage are provided by goverument, The sum paid to an intending emigrant—man or woman—is twenty dol- lars. In the case of the man this is deducted from his wages at the rate of one dollar per month. To the wo- man it is a gratuity, and for every child she takes five dollars more are given If emigrants desire it,a portion of their wages, say ene or two dollarsa month, can be paid to their order here. ‘The term of service is five years. At the end of that term the emigraut has all the world before him where to chooge, Eyenat the end of one year he may be free from his bond by paying the governmont- sixty dollars, os for back passage inoncy. If he has served two years, forty-five dollars ovly are required, repayment of passage money (and gratuity ?) being estimated at the rate of fifteen collars per each year’s stay. Seven hours and a half is the period of a day’s labor, such labor being solely agricultural, Government alse undertakes to educate the children of the emigrants, and to maintaio a regular postal communication with China We havo not seen any other advertisements on the walls, but it is pretty well known by Chineso that there are other emigration agencies besides the British West Indian. In due time, too, they will further know the difference between the terms offered by each eontractor. The French have an agency under Capt. Closmadenc, the Spanish under Mr. Castro, the Peruvians unde’ lineyro, and an establishment for which Messrs. Stil, of Hong Kong, are financial agents, is under Mr. Thorndyke. If we are informed aright, the emigrant in hia contract with each of his establishmer consents to a transfer of his labar bond, so making the grand distinc tion to which we have referred. In the one case the emigrant may become the slaye of any tyrant; in the other, he is always the servant of tho British govern inent and may shake off his liability with the earnings of half a year, The depot or barracoon of the British West India agency is situated, as are all the other depots, in that part of the western suburbs called Kum. le-fou, abutting on the creek separating the Shameen site from the main, It is an ex tensive and welt arranged building, and, under Mr. Theophilus Sampson, everything the Beitish government can desire in its object appears to be well carried ont. ‘There is just enough attraction to confirm a previous de. fire, but no cajolery. ihe other depots are also well con- ducted, and if, at tho expiration of a four days’ stay in them the applicant for a Jabor bond alters his mind, he is at full liberty to go about his business, As a matter of coarse, there are not wanting many vicious scamps who after feeding four days at one depot, take a course al another, and 80, ringing a full change, after all remain ‘n Canton. African Exploration. {From the Cape Monitor. His Excelloncy Sir George Grey has allowed the follow: ing highly interesting communication from the Consul at angibar, in reference to Captain Speke and his exploring party in the eastern const of Africa, to be published: — Britis CoNsuiate, ZANzman, August 23, 1860. My Dear Sin Gronae Gray—Captain Speke arrived here in the Brisk on the 17th and from him I have re- ceived the letter and books you #0 kindiy sent me, and for which I feel very much obliged to you. Knowing the ceep interest you take in everything connected with Afri- ca and its races, Uhave often wished to communicate'to you subjects connected with these parts of it, and I will do soon ry future opportunity, and also forward to you as, often 4 I can {information rexarding fhe Progress of Captain Speke's expedition. 1 think he has every chance of suc cess (n his favor. British influence bas been very much increased here by the events of the last twe years, os- id given to the Sultan by British : rebellion of his brother and the Ht Harth tribe of \rabs. 1 have also lately omancipated FOO slaves who were held by British Indiau subjects, [ have had all these brought to the Consulate, and g to cach a certificate of emancipation, with now dresses and rresents of money and sweetmeats; and all the tribes on the ecast are now eware that the English are their best friends. The negroes of thie part of Africa are a most good patured, docile, merry race, and soon become very raneh atta hed to Europeans. 1 have not yet had time to tudy the Zooloo Caffre dictionary you se kindly sent me, but in glaneing over it I wae surprised to fad how many words are exnetiy the same aa those of the Kisuabel) jon ce spoken throughout the Zanzibar dominions, and Ain Magyar's travels f observed the same of the tribes of the wast a doubt that the continent a8 far north as the equat rice, An Arab a t, who hy ' At: ica from opporite Zanaibar to Lond jd he told me that the langua Waal oa bee east of He shore o: the Lake of Nyassa, November, and remained there nearly four months, being treated with the greatest kindness by the Sultan and all the inhabitants. Om the 86th of March he left Nussera to go to the river Rovooma, accompanied only by two negro servants, and with no arms but a re- volver. (On the third dey’s mareh, while resting at a vil- luge, they were attacked by robbers and poor Dr. Rocher wae shot in the throat and chest by arrows, and expired in a few minutes. One of bis servants waa also shot; the surviving servant returned to the Sultan of Nusgera ou the lake, and the scene of the murder being beyond his dom niobs be sent him with an esaort to the Sultan Kin- zomanga, in whose territcries the murder occurred. This- chief at once proceeded to the spot and arrested the mur- derers, and recovered as much of Dr, Rescher's property as he could, and sent the mon here, together with all the articles Dr. Koscher had loft at Nussera. Considering that ne white had ever before visited these . Roscher bad no escort, no presents for the chiefs, as he wes very ill provided with meney, I think the kind- necé with which hs was treated by the chiets and people is a strong proof of thoir good disposition towards white men. His unfortunate death was entirely owing to his own imprudence in travelling thr: wild di ts with valuable instruments, &o., 80 entirely without any means of defence. Another Gertaan gentleman, the Baron Van der Decken, a colone! in the erian army, is now here preparing for a journey to the Nyassa, and’by him 1 intend sending some presen’s to the Sultan Nussera.and ‘he Sultan Kinzomanza, who bebaved so nobly towards a solitary and unprotected white traveller. Dr. Roscher said that it is a magnificeat country all the way up.to the Lake, which he reached in eighty-five days from the coast. The Rovoona is crossed about six days before reaching the Nyassa, and is there a deep. broad stream. It discharges an immense body of water into the ocean, and is well worthy of being explored. Last year 19,000 slaves were imported through the Custom House here; of these 4,000 were from the coast opposite, and 15,000 from Keelwa, and destination of the caravans{from the Nyassa. Every year the slave traffic is extended further into the in- terior, and a great many slaves are now brought from be- yond the Nyassa, and even the Mazana from tho valley of the Shir are now brought here. If it should ever be found ible to put a smal! steamer on tho Lake Nyassa it would cut of the ckief suppiy of slaves to the east coast. The foreign slave trade has been lately very much on the increase on the east coast. This is now the chief market in the world for the supply of ivory, gum copal and cloves, In 1859 the export of ivory amounted to 438,600 Ibs. , value £144 666; of gum copal to 875,875 lbs. value £37,166; and of cloves to 4,860,100 Ib., value £55,666. This trade is all the growth’ of the last few ‘years, and were the slave trade on the mainland abolished a grgat_ quantity of cotton, sugar, gums, &., might be exported. The whole of this island is of. exceeding fertility: sugar cane, cotton, cloyes, uus- megs, pepper, coffee, rice, Holcuss sorghum, &c., grow in the greatest perfection. Tae cassava or manioc, which forms the chief food of the slaves and poorer claases, yields three or four crops a year, without any trouble. Almoet*the whole of the trade hero is now in the hands of British Indian subjects; they have settlements at all the towns on the coast, and even far in the interior, The climate of Zanzibar isnot unhealthy, although from its excessive dampncss, and there being no cold weather, it iy very enervating. 'I think that the Zanzibar State may have a very important effect upon the future of Kast Africa. There are now from 5,000 to 6,000 industrious ‘celebrated at the City Asseubly Rooms by a ball ang supper on Tuesday evening. The assemblage om this eccasion was coosiderably below the average of previous: years. The dancing hall was but sparsoly atttended, but the spirits of the guests and the animation were never more fully displayed than on this occasion. It would be entirely useless to describe the City As- sembly Rooms, in which the celebration took place. Hung with its magnificent chandeliers, and glowing with the lustre of # thonsand jets of gas, the hall presented a scene of Oriental splendor. ‘The music was supplied by Dodworth’s band, and, aa is usual with the selections of this celebrated leader, they were chaste and elegant, pleasing ond gratifying all who danced as well as those who merely watched the fest of the flying fairies. ‘Fee ballroom was without extraordinary. decorasions. Beyond a icw paintings suspended from the front of the hall, there was nothing to show that the occasion was & terpsichorean celebration of the anniversary of the-birth- day of the greatest infidel the world ever saw. . ‘The portrait of Tom Paine was suspended in front of the hall, and on either side it was supported by those of Voltaire, Abner Kneeland, Robert Owen and the celebrated Miss Frances Wright. These drawings 2! attraoted com- siderable attention. ‘After dancing for several hours the whole party ad- journed to the grand banquet hall, where an excellent collation, ander the critical supervision of Mr. Rose, awaited their arrival. As in ordinary cases, the company did their duty in a solid and fluid manner, after which. the toasts of the evening and the wit of the company were lot loose. ‘The following is a list of the toasts:— 1. The day we celebrate—The birthday of onaof the great est sainte iv the calendar—Thomas, the apostle of freedom, Music. 2. Thomas Paine—Whose giant intellect and moral stamped thelr impress on mankind, leaving a zich all time in his fearless advocacy of the: (ts of man, 3. Ercedom—May her battles so nobl ly torminate in the Universal recognition 6f man’s inalion- able right to life, liberty and the parsult of happiness, unday—By the ancients devoted to the worship of the sun, by European civilization ded as a day ot recreation and mut perverted by ‘itan Christianity to and sadness, Music oe of gloom an E88, 5 2 Education—The ruling prmeipte in the formation of chae racter; if rightly directed, the sovareigu antidote to oypent Hon and the lunerring ‘guide to viotue andl eas. Musio, free speecl it can only be suppressea when tyranny seamapies upon human ES ord aud. slavery becomes: the ruling principle of a nati uusic. 7. Worman-Out of her proper sphere until she finds one for herself. Music. The first two toasts wore drunk with applause, but without any response. Mrs. Eaxnestixe L : thus replied to the third toast:— Mr. Preinpest—Friencs, it has ever given mo great pleasure to assist you on these interesting ccgasions to do homage to the memory of one who, by a lifelong de- yotion to the cause of freedom, justly deserved the noble tive of ‘“‘the friend of man.’’ Allow me, then, once more to welcome you on the natal day of the great apostle of liberty—Thomas Pame. There has never been a fitter time to honor the author of the “rights of man’ for freedom, never more justly called on ker champions, nor humanity more earnestly appealed to the devotion of” her British subjects residing in it, and commerce is rapidly extending. Believe me, my dear Sir George Grey, yours very truly, ©. P. RIGBY, Interesting from Matanza: The steamship Matanzas, Capt. Liessegang, in five days and six hours from Matanzas, Cuba, arrived here on Mon- day morning, with passengers, &c., te Mora Bros., Na varro & Co. Weather rough. On the 26th, at two P. M., passed, in lat. 36 deg. 18 min. N., lon. 74 deg. 15 min. W., a large buoy, painted red, with No. 4 in white. Also a topsail yard, with rigging and sevem! pieces of timber aud boards. MARKET REPORT. Mavanzas, Jan. 22, 1961. €ucaRs.—Clayed—Business shows a dull appearance; very little doing as yet; great disanimation prevails, owing, in part, to the difficulties in the money market, as also for want ‘of confidence throughout our mercantile community; many Spanish vessels in port, anxious to buy; their offers being too low, holders do ‘not wish to submit, and refuse to sell. Some poor lots of old crop Nos. Hand 15 have changed handsat 514 a7 reals per ar- yoba. Transactions in new sugars have been quite insi nificant, Muscovadoee—Stock on hand, some 3,500 hhds. ; of these 800 hhds. have been 60 d at 5 to 6 reals for infe- rior to good refining. Melado in fair demand, with ready gales at43¢ a 4% reals. Many cargocs ure in course of ehipment for England. loLAssrs continues in brisk demand; some 500 hhds. sold at 244 reals per keg, at which rate prices will no doubt open for future operations. Muscoyadoes may be quoted at 335 a 344 reals por keg. Hoey in good demand at 50c, a 55c. per gallon, includ- ing casks. Rem quiet at $51 a $32 per pipe. Frescirr,—The demand for vessels is active ly for Europe; éor the United States more d do not improve. Exenancx.—Very little has been doing in foreign ex- change: rates nominal. On London, 60 days, 1234 a 13 per cent premium; Paris, par to 34 per cent premium; New York, Boston, Philadelphia and Baltimore, 7 a9 per cent premium. - Inrorts.—Very litle is doing; money scarce and deal- evs are afraid to enter into any large transactions. Coop- materials dull; stock on haud large, demand quit particular- loing; prices Our New Granada Correspondence. Las MERCEDES, ON THE MAGDALENA River, Dec. 13, 1860. Movements of Minister Jones—The Magdalena Navigation Company—Unfair Conduct of the Government Party—~ Removal of the United States Consular Agent at Barran- quilla—The Free Negro of New Granada, dc., de. We left Barranquilla on the 12th, early in the morning, the American Minister, General Jones, being on board the Santa Marta steamboat, which was accompanied by the steamers Estrella and Cauca. At Remolino the Cauca was left behind while her wheel was being repaired, The latter place was once the starting point of the Santa Marta Company, who owned steamboats for the naviga- tion of the Mugdalena. It is highly probable that the company owned the town, and thus sought to increase its prosperity. This company was superseded by the pro- sent United Steam Navigation Company, which must have flourished very much previous to the serious inter- ference made by the conservative or government party of this country, The American Minister hag taken a bold and decided stand in regard to this interference, iu whieh he is sustained throughout by our energetic Con- sul, Mr. J. H. Magill, than whom our government could not have selected a better man for the position. United to a fair knowledge of law, he has good common sense, and a proper sense of American rights and interests, which will enure greatly to the advantago and satisfac: tion of every American citizen in these parts. The American Minister will insist that the steamers for the navigation of this river, owned by American citizens in New York, shall hate fhe free and perfect right to na. r a8 has been tw.l¥ Suatanteed by the law , 1856, and Constitutional provi- sions, a8 well ag a contract belween the guyernment and the company, requiring the latter to carry the mails, &e, The conservative party, it is said, haye detainta iWvo American and one British steamer above them, lest, as they allege, ome news may be brought down to the libe- ralson the coast by tho steamers. This pretence is a base excuse for keeping the merchandise of merchants in the warehouses of the coast rotting, and imposing out- Togeously on American interests, The government having closed the porta of Savanilia and Carthagena, sow unparalleled injustice to collect duties at Honda, at the head of navigation, whereby duties on tobacco and other things are to be paid twice—onee to the liberal party on the coast. Imports are also thus tramelled, and I inay say, for the time, annibilated. The United States Consul at Barranquilla has revoked his appointment of Mr. Chas. H. Sheldon as Consular Agent, because of the improper course and conduct of the Miter, It is asserted that he cpenly took sides with the conservatives, and fired twice upon tbe liberals. He exculpates himself by saying that he was intoxicated at the time. This is unquestionably good cause for his re. though they say he parsi denying the power Consul to remove him. My. Sheldon asseverates with Mr. Lincol expects a good consu- or other office, though he expresses some views about the free black men of New Granada rather sneonsistent with the phllanthropie declarations of the victorious llinoisan. Indeed, after many weeks’ sojourn in South America, [have yet to meet the man who does votonly doubt but deny the capacity of the negro for self government. Let our friends of the Tribune come down and see the precious developement of the free ne groon the road between Carthagona and Calamar, and give their report in a spirit of candor and truth, This is what is wanted rather than their nonsense concocted on the tripod. This is a fine river, and great credit is ¢ managers of the United Steam Navigation Company for keeping good boata on the river, in the face of su snuch opposition and injustice Mesers. Joy and Ghapma the former a British and the latter an American subject, are the managers of the com- pony at Harranguille, “The American Minister was very ospitably entertained by Mr. and Mrs, Joy during his rojourn at that town, I layo heard him speak in terms Ci grateful appreciation about the kindness of bis hosts. A Convict wert 4 Ticker. —Whilet, Maccomo was going through his performance wita the Bengal tigers at Man- der’s Menagerie yesterday, a tigress caugiit bis hand in her mouth. Planting his kuce im the small of the tigcesa’ back, and pressing ler against the bars of the cage, then «i, lie held her ethau retain the loft hand in her So cool wes Maccomo in this trying position that vhunee, but when month Jookers on thought it part of he pert Maccomo culled to one cf the keepers, “She has my hand fast in ber mouth, get a bar of hot iron,’ Rts of his dangerous position dashed through the minds of tho nt Treated the greatest exeitement—one fainting awe Four or five minutes ¢ er iayeed ann ing a the painful sight, we the iron was ready, during which (ime Maccomo stood ag a piece of statuary, not « quiver of lip to ve pain he was enduring. the hot iron w @ quickly and surely the k he large teeth in the en olectrified, hor . qniek as lightning drew £ thick atick, struck the skull, brought her down, sh her performance before hoe left 1 cage, When Maccome came out of the cago, his vicedivg hand ‘estified to the frightful straggle whieh a » joing on betweon tag and beast. —Lémerpont anitnal a terrific ind foreed her Peed children, than the present. The year just it has been full of interest. In that year a nobie people, so long op- pressed by temporal and spiritual despotism that hor emancipation was almogt beyond hope, has raised her prostrate form, and assumed & position among the nations of the earth. Italy, the favored garden of nature—the emporium of the aris—the home of poetry and of song—~ the pun ed of the brightest stars in the intellectual and moral constellation—reduced by foreign usurpers, hireling mercenaries, almost to beggary, inaction an helplessness, has, by the magic arm of Garibaldi, demon- strated that the spirit which once animated her childrom is not extinct, But this unparaileled struggle, crowned as it has been with yet more unparalleled victory, is not complete. Her right arm is yet paralyzed. Venice, the bride of the ocean, once the centre of commerce, as she stands like an enchanted isle, unique and alone ia the world, is stil in the despotic power of Austria, And Italy’s noble head, Rome, the Eternal City—once the cradle of civilization—the great lawgiver of nations—now the tomb of her past glory—whose very ruins attest her former greatness—the theatre of the most te as the most sublime achievements, the wildest passions, the most glorious deeds, the highest hopes and noblest aspirations— to whose genius the very paving stones stand an undying monument, is still in the fiendish grasp of - spiritual ty- rants, more corrupt and implacable all othera, whose spare time from heavenly affairs is spent in elbeets- dren from their parents. But let us hope that long before we again assemble to celebrate the birthday of Thomas Paine, Garibaldi will break the chains of Venice and of Rome, like those of Sicily ard of Naples, and give to the world’a truly united and happy Italy. But 1860 has done more: it has demonstrated that at times it may be the in- terest of tyrants to espouse a good cause. « sworn enemy of liberty, the planderer of Poland, has stepped out of bis time-hardened despotism to give free- dom tothe serfs. And Louis Napoleon, the republican President of '48, the usurper of an Emperor's throne of *62, the banisher of the noblest spirits of France, the ex- ecutioner of her liberties, proclaimed himseif the cham- picnor freedom in Italy. We understand his motives, but let us accept the fact; this is only the begitining, The same reason that induced him to aid Italy against Aus- tria has forced him to relax his iron grasp from the titroat of subjugated France, and give her back a partof the rights he 80 basely deprived her of. But freedom is not satisfied with half measures, What he gave will soon make it indispensable for hig own safety to return the rest, or logo all, But I. must leave the destiny of Europe to she ont year, and note some of the events of 1860 in this country. Last summer we had the pleasure of trying to make fools of the Japanese or ourselves for the net little sum of $100,000. Then came the Great Levia- in, that stupendous production which proved that though Great Britain may not be able to “keep a hotel im America,” she has certainly built the greatest ship in the world. Next came the visit from the amiable, modest Prince of Wales, who it ie to be hoped, after getting over the affliction of being forced to dauce with so mauy pions old ladies, and of being worshi ‘at Trinit church, will look with satisfaction and pride on his visit to and reception from his American cousins. With these plessing events passed the summer months, then came autumn with her riper fruits, far more important and en- during, for ofall the days of that year will stand in promi- uent and ineffaceable character the 6th of November. Ou that day, unlike similar occasions, when party men with party measures stood in antagonistic position, principles were brought face to face. The question was not one of whig or democrat, high or low tariif, but shall henceforth freedom or slavery be the ruling principle of this republic? Shall fhe yet virgin soil, the broad acreg stretched in the far West, waiting the magic handof free labor to pour forth her golden treasures to the needy children of m: be consecrated to freedom or | arg by the wea touch of slavery, which, like @ destroying angel, blasts tho fair.‘ works of nature and of ‘mani And the sixth of November, burdened with the accumu- lated ress, 1860, answered to freedom. ‘Then see to it, free men of America, that the battle go nobly fought in 1860 shall bo brought toa happy ter- mination in 1861—that those whom yow have honoroa with your confidence betray not that yoice, violate not the sacred pledge, and turn traitor to the present and future generations. ‘These are the times that try men's souls.” The question which now distracts the country is no longer one of color—it is freedom or slayery, life or éeath of the North—it is whether a vile mob, hoaded by corrupted and treacherous politicians, who would dis- folve not only the Union but the universe to get them- selves into oilice, shall be allowed to trample the dignity, the manhood and the liberties of the North in the dust Wither we aball barter away the rights, the progress civilization of the free States for the inestimable Dicasiag to belong to South Carolina. But President Bu- chanan, by whore crimiaal connivance that mob was let loose, being too cowardly and inefficient to weather the storm he helped to raise, ret in fasting ad prayer; but while the North prayel the South acted. Ark the national forts stolen, the be g trampled under foot, the Jaws violated, the ships fired into, the govera- ment disgraced, which of the prayers was most success- ful’ Prayed! for what? One party for secession, the other for non secession, the Raphalls andy the Van Dykes proved siavery a divine institution, the Beechers and the Cheevers proved it from his Satanic Majesty; one side claims the Bible for and the other claims it against savers, and they both are right. That book Is so ac- commodating that it proves and disproves anything you choose. Ghameloon like, it reflects the color of the you look through. But it strikes me if a Wise and goed wer really heard these praying machines, He would say, Cease importuning me with your mad wailings; go to work, act like rational beings, be true to your highest conviction— to human niga and humen Srectom-—aed when these are in danger, take a leseon from Major Anderson, and ‘keo} your powder dry; I only help those who hein “these, selves. But cotton is king,” and the Northern cowards Whose souls are composed of that material tremble at His mandates. South Garolina dissolye the Union—a Union with a vengeance; like that of husband and wife, ¥ith all the rights on one side and all the penalties on the other, There never was a true Union, for there was no equality between the free and slave States, The slave- ho! ter could come here and say what he pleased—expa- tiate on the beauties of ‘gour peculiar institutions,” but the free man could never go South and say his soul was his own, without the risk of being lynched. Ask those who have been tarred and foathered, whipped, expelled ‘nd imprisoned, for the crime of belonging to a free * tate, and you will learn the value of such a Union. No. Freedom and slavery cannot live in harmony; the ono must destroy the other the lnt feeble threads which gave it the appearance reckiess hands have asunder. Houth Carolina set up on independent ompire! For my part | would give her a pasaport to Heayen to keep awa; irom us. But whether the South is allowed to drift to her downward destiny, or forced into sndmission, let the watchword be, “No more compromise.” We expiate now the crime ot having compromised so often, and even W we again tried to reconcile the irreconcilable would the evil be cured? No; the disease would only gather ttrength and break out with increased virulence. The r, therefore, 18 not the secession of the South from ‘he North, but of the North from herself, from the self evident truth of man’s right to: life, liberty and the pursuit, of happiness. Tat that danger only. be averted, and all will be well, There may yet be hope even for the South, for « Waile the lamp holds ont to burn, the vilest sinner may re turn.”? In conclusion, allow me to glance at another danger we must guard against, The national constitu tion guarantees perfect freedom of consciones, and yet through the influence of a bigoted. and eorrup! priest hood, infamous Sumday laws have beon enacted to perse cute und punish inoffending citizens for keeping that day necording to their conseiences—for proferring rational recreation and amusements to rioting aud drankennoss; for proferring a good concert, a comedy or tragedy in & threatre to the priestly farce in the church. If the San day is to bo kept apart from general businoas and labor, it is precisely for the purpose to enable the working elosses, who cannot spare the time the rest of the week,