The New York Herald Newspaper, January 11, 1861, Page 2

2 ARRIVAL OF THE NOVA SCOTIAN. | THREE DAYS LATER FROM EUROPE. The Occupancy of Gaeta and Naples by French Troops Foreshudowed. AUSTRIA DETERMINED TO HOLD VENETIA. INTERESTING FROM CHINA. | Advance and Continued Activity | in Cotton. | A RISING BREADSTUFFS MARKET. CONSOLS FURTHER DECLINED, Re, Rey kee Poxtzanp, Jan. 10,1861. | The steamship Nova Scotian, Capt, MoMasters, from | Liverpool December 27, via Londonderry 28th, arrived | here at quarter-past eloven last night. | Her mails will be due in New York at midnight. The steamship Bremen was detained at Southampton { until the 20th. | | ‘The weather continued unurually cold throughout Eng- land, the thormometer iu somo localities sinking below xv. Prince Alfred was on a visit to Berlin, Ho is to embark January 5, in the line-of-battle ship St. George, which proceeds to the North American and West ladia station FRANCE. ‘The connection of Count de Morny with financial apecu- Jations in mines, and the occurrences which had taken place in connection therewith, wore attracting cousidera- ble attention in Paris. Cabinet councils had been held upon the subject, and it was thought that legislative inguiry would result. ‘The winter throughout France had sot in with frost and snow. Reports were current that Garibaldi had arrived at Paris, but they were contradicted. It was hinted that tho Emperor's address on New Year's day would be eminently pacific. The Nuncio being absent, the Russian Ambassador will ‘be spokesman for the corps diplomatique. The Journal des Debats auimadverts on the inexplicable policy of France, and earnestly advocates the withdrawal of the Fronch flect from Gaeta, ITALY. NEW YORK HERALD, FRIDAY, JA NUARY ll, both quiet. Freights had risen five shifings and still tended upwards. Quotations to Liverpool sixty shillings. AUSTRIA. A telegraphic despatch from Vionna states that the Emperor bas sanctioned the resolutions of the Coaferoace of Graz, and resolved upon convoking the Hungarian Dict for February noxt. ITALY. Pants, Dec. 27—Evening. ‘The Pays says the tendency of public opinion presages , that the Garibaldian party will obtain a majority at the elections to the Itulian Parliament. Count Cavour has the intention of retiring, at least pro- | visionally, from the Surdinian ministry. Gawra, Dec. 24, 1850. The bombardment continues day and night. The tiring is replied to by the besieged. AUSTRIA. We Viswxa, Dec. 28, 1860, ‘The Official Weimar Zeitung contains two imperial de- orees. The first orders that, in view of the present ox- traordivary state of things, the forced currency of bank notes in Lombard Venetia shall be maintained, The se- cond orders that the paymont of the interest on the ua- tional loan shall be effected in bank notes, CAPE OF GOOD Hore. Tate Cape of Good Hope dates are received. British Kafiana was proclaimed a separate colony on the 30th of Octover. The territory betwoen the rivors of Kuskamona and Great Kei constitutes the dependency. A league had been formed in the eastern provinces to procure a separation from the west. Meetings in favor of this movemont had taken place in all the principal towns of the east, and large sums had been subscribed for tho same object. ‘Tho British had captured a slaver with 765 slaves on board, She was taken into port and coudemned. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. Liverroot, Dee. 28, 1860. LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET. ‘The Brokers! Cireular reports tho sale of cotton for the four days 72,000 bales, including 20,000 to speculators and 6,000 to exporters, All qualities have advanced id. a 144., and the market closes with anactive demand both from the trade and for speculation. Tho sales to-day (Friday) sum up 12,000, including 4,000 to speculators and exporters, the market closing firm at tho following quotations: — Fair, Middling, % us sh> anda toe te imated at 539,000 vales, of which 403,500 are Amorican. LIVERPOOL BREADSTUFFS MARKET. ‘The broadstuflsmarkot is firm, with an advancing ten- dency, but business ts restricted by the holidays, LIVERPOOL PROVISION MARKET. The provision market is dull. LONDON MARKETS. = — Loxpox, Dec. 23—Noon. Congols 92%; a 923¢ for account, AMERICAN SRCURITIES, Reports relative to the state of affairs at Gasta con- tinue contradictory. A despatch from Gaeta, of the 224, fays:—The bombardment of the city is comtinued with vigor. The Spanish Ambassador left his palace on ac- count of its boing riddled with bullets. Tyo officers wero struck while standing near the King. New Sar dinian batteries can be seen, and aro evidently ready to take part in the bombardment. A deputation has arrived here from Calabria, and pro- + mised to raise an insurrection in favor of the King. ‘The Turin correspondent of the London Daily News asserts that the commencement of hostile operations against Gxeta from the seaside is thought te be at hand, as orders have been sent to the gunboats at Ancona to leaye immediate- ly for Naples, and the ships of war stationed at Genoa and Spezzia have been sent to the samo destination. The Italian correspondent of the London Times says that the year 1861 will not, perhaps, grow very ol before French troops are in possession of Gaeta, and possibly Naples itself. Considerable quantities of provisions were being de Spatched from Rome to Gaeta. ‘A decree dated Naples, Decomber 20, calls out the classes of the last four years. These classes are to asseu. ble at the end of February. King Victor Emanuel had hold a reception of the nobility, &e., at Naples, on the 24th, which was numerously attend ed. An enthusiastic demonstration im favor of his Majesty tock place in the evening. ‘The King would quit Naples en tho 27th, after attending the bal! of the Nationa! Guard. ‘The garrison at Gacta has beon diminished, in number by-the dlismigsal of a portion of the Royal Guard, whose fidelity was doubtful. Tho remaining defenders were in ‘a deplorable state, but their resistance could be carried n still further for a considerable period. AUSTRIA, The London Times’ correspendent at Vienna is con‘ dent that nothing but brute force can induce the Aus trian government to quit the Quadrilateral, ‘There was a report that England France had come and to an understanding with regard to Venetia, and that a joint commirsion woul shortly be sent to Vienna urging the cession of Venetia without any territorial recom. pense It is stated that Austria had opened negotiations with Rome for the complete abolition of the Concordat Accounts from Hungary are very unsatisfactory taxes were being paid. No OMINA, Exchange at Shanghae, 68. 5)¢4. higher, other sorts unchang Frights were dail is quoted rather higher. LATEST VIA LONDONDERRY. Loxpow, Doc. 28, 1860. The Times’ city article says:—The demand for discount at the Bank to-day was 89 heavy that bat for the fact being attributable to the exceptional wants at the of the year, an advyavee in rate would probably have been decided upon, The effect upon the stock market war considerable, and the receipt of lower quotations from Paris (wh wily reports augur badly as to @ the opinions ex warding the prospects of any political intima? ¢ nay be intended for the Ist of Sanvary) Las likewise contributed to the adverse feeling ‘The last prices from Paris this evening show a ronewod decline of nearly 3 per cent There were no bullion uperations at the Bank to-day. OMINA. The overland mail has arrived. Lord Figin expected to leave China early in the yoar. The Second regiment was about to leave, and twelve men.of. war were also comiug home. ‘The fate of the entire party of prisoners taken Sopt. 18 has been ascertained, ‘The death of Captain Bratezon occurred on the Ist, fand he was saved mach sufler hat others vaderwout He was beheaded by the order of a Tartar generat ‘The Abbe de Luc was beheaded at the same time. ‘The more indifference Lord Elgin dieplayed about sign ing the convention, the more alarmed the Chincse govern ment became; but a great retribution awaited the ha peror and his government. Tt was resolved that the summer palace of the Emperor should be burned to the ground, as it was the spot where some of the cruelties towards tho prisoners had been per petrated Proclomations were posted in Pekin informing tho People of the measures that were to be taken, and the reasons for their adoption. ‘The gardens, palaces, temples and pagodas occupied a space of six or seven tiles inextent. Two days were re- quired effectually to set fire to and destroy all tho build- ings. The loss of the property destroyed exceeds » exclusive of the buildings. : sth The Chinese were brought to terms on othor points by Proclamations from Sir Hope Grant, threatening to sack Pekin. On the day pence was signod Lord Elgin and Sir Hope Grant entered Pekin, accompanied by an escort of vix bundred men and one hundred officers of regiments Lord Elgin waa carried in bis State chair by tho Chinese dressed im scarlet. Sir Robert Napier's divirion \ined the streets as Lord Elgin passed and followed at intervals, taking up & strategical position in case of treachery, His lordehip was received by Priner Kung Lord Figin’s mariner was stern and calm. ite motioned Kung to a seat on his right, which \» considered the low est seat. On the return of the ambassador and com mander-in-chief the streets were occupied by the troops, 0 that thie capital of tho Chinose empire waa in actual possession of the British. Prince Kung said to Lord Rigin that many mistakes had been made in their intercourse of things. Good silk was a shide Tea tose rt Accounts from Calcutta are to November 23. Nenad Fahib wer reported nt Thibet, with several thousand fol dWors. The import and export giarkets of Gvloutts wore Illinois Central shares, 283{ a 281% discount; Erio shares, 34a 35; New York Central shares, 17 a 79. PARIS CORN MARKET. The price of flour advanced during the week two franos per sack. Whoat was also dearcr. ‘The Paris Bourso on the 26th was a shade firmer, Rentes closed at 68f, 35c. THE VENETIAN QUESTION. Revolutionary Projects—The Principal ties to be Invaded—Important Let from Kossuth—The French View of the Question, &c., Ke. Letters from Vienna speak of a vast plan of revolution ary propagandism, which aims, by uoans of « goucrat insurrection, «t constituting « large ia iepeudent Roumain Kingdom. This new State would comprise all Une Sola vonian countries bordering ou the Danubs. It is, doubt less, in reference to such an attempt that the govera- tent oF St. Petersburg Bas conecatrated a large body of troops on the Pruth—that Power, liky austria, having an evident iuterest in preventi » execution of such pro- jects. The growing agitat the Pauubian Privetpal- ities 18 hus Commented upon by the Ost Deutsche Post:— ‘Thi must be a distinet plan at the bottom of thin movement. Arms and ammuaition are being stored up in Moldo Wallachia, ani the formation of forcign legions is commenced under the auspices of the united govern ment. If we are correctly informed, these preparations are partly intened to completo the liberation of the Principalities from the suzerainty of the Porto; while another odject ie lo support the rising of several other ditionalities both in Tykey avd a veighboring Stato. However, the ideas of ce Couza do not seem to bo very practical, or even very clear to himself. Oa tho one hand, he is willing to assist in the formation of a grand Servian empire (with which the ajoiuing provinces Of Hoguiaand Bulgaria are probably to by ‘a while, on the other, the suming also hope for aggraa dizement beyond went frontiers. But are the Magyar legions, which are being organiaod in Moldavia, Willing to lake part tn.a revolution tending to the sepa. ration of t viun Vyreydina from their own evnntey? And can Hungarian volunteers be expectod to interest ot the Kowtmaias in Tran sylvania with — their wen in the — Princ polities? Certainly not. It ts as tmpossible for the representatives of revolutionary ideas as for the rulers of existing States to recognise the right of every nationality to constitute itself into a separate Com: | monweaith. Rowman jaios and Mag’ duced to make comme but when the real fight tionlsts are sure to become soctates in Hungary. The en the strife begins, but tho fe cannot but terminate in a muual themselves 1 the unton orvian revolu of thoir as. destructive The wherent weakness ia ‘the united national parties, and the circumstance that Russia, Austria and the Poste are equally menaced by the scheme, will probably break up the hecorogeneous alliance at no very distant period, ‘Ab apirnated sorreepondones has lately takea place be tween she turkish and s raments covcerning certsin veesols which, under the tuilian flag, lately liad ed arms, cannon and war material in Wallachia, wh lst r Sulps were prev bo Turkish the Ottoman go Bion that there Danube for ne and others with , is, ft conjunction with the Austrian government ring to Peovent a revolutionary invasion of te Sultan’s dommiona, it being d that a ian ting will be eflecie 1 by Garibald: next spring in Monte Montenegring will then join the « Selavopia, wh Ist Huvgary rises in re q nite the Danubian provinces are, it i8 wasorted, bo pi part in another direction, The Vessels ia questios " which the mouih of i wro regarded as propesed expedition, and wore seized ji above facts will make tao folk de pateh iuteilixible— Copy of a despat ressod by his Highnoss Aali Pacha to his Exoeidet ral Durando, dated Dseember 6, 1s00-— Thave had the honor to receive the note which you me with, dat met have kindiy fw ply to mine upon the s Sublime Porte concerning the and San Ginseppe. 28, in ro. wlo by the e's Euvaa Your bxcelicney, taking your position pri the tr mak the sixth article not been too la said ships, th consented to th y of 1864, a ot royal junction with the Gttoman authorities You add afterwards that, according to the sam ty cle, in cases where Jardiaiin ships should bo engaged in commercial undertakings in Turkish reaports, the inter ference of the Suolime Forte woul! uot inittod. You conclude, in short, with protesting by anticipation ag tlast all measures on the part of the Subssiae Porto having for their object to pursue, stop or visit the satd ships B tuce touching a Turkish seaport and thore engaging ta com mereial transactions. In auswer to the observat ur Excellency has thought proper to make, Ihave the honor to ob at a visit Like this of ad that vory recont Iy the 8 "i on board & foreign ip in the harbor of Constantinopio a quantity of pow der belonging to a forciga subject, aud destined for tho Priveipalities: 2. That as a visit of « suspected vessel in @ port or on & coast is cesentially analogous to adomiciliacy visit, it would not be forbidden to the agonts of the local authori ty, who are only required to obtain the co-operat.on of the reepective chancellery,as we have done tn the cases in question, %. That tho right of surveillance which belongs to all independent States, aud which the Porte has never ro nounced, acquires the proportions of a duty when it is a question of ships loaded with arms and ammunition, ant which are trying to escape, with their contraband cargo, public obseration; thus justifying hostile proceedings against them, 4. That whether this is directod against its own secu. rity or against that of a neighboring and allied Power, the Porto is in duty bound tw prevent it by all means within its . Propontide and # great part of the Lower power. 5, That as the Danube form integral portions of the Ottoman Empire, it would be in the dominions and, #0 to speak, on the soii itself of the empire, that we should be allowing moans for revolt to accumulate which might be either injurious to its own security or be used against a neighbor. |. That, in order that the cargoes of the ships in ques tion could be considered morchandise in transit, it would be en , embarkation from a foreign State and thoir for another foreign State should de clearly established. Now the sald ships have token their firman for the Danube, aad f need not oall to mind that the sixth article of the Treaty of the Slst of July has the «ame legal force in the Danubian Principall ties ag in (he rest of the empire. The Sublime Porte has had no declaration explanatory of this convoy, and it is well known that Austria maintains o rigid prohibition Against the importation of articles of thie nature. 7. That in consoquonoe of the facts already ascertained, the cargoes of the #hips with which our attention is ou pied can in no wise be destined toa lawful traifie: it ought hot only be ranged in the category of contrahand of war, bat aloo of Simple contraband, Droause it wu attompted 0 introduce it clandestinely by and infract, vention of 1864, by eae The Sublime Porte would then havo failed in the ax cred duties which are imposed pon ie by the interest of its own eafety, the maintenance of order and of general tranquility, “* it had not taken into consideration, #* promptly as passible, al} the measures required by the gravity and urgency of the case, T right toadd to al] these considerations ancther not less important, aud which is to us an imperative law, and @ matter upon whieb we cannot be too vigilant—I allude to the Coaven- on conecrnipg the closing of the Straits ef the Bospho- ns and the Dardanelles, The theory which tho conelu- sit of your Excellency evtablishes, a ppomding ‘0 which @ ship under a foreign tag visited | fore it has commenced to transact ita business ia a Tur- kish port, even wien it is loaded with ammunition, ap- pears to us in flagrant ition, if not with the letter, at loost with the spirit of that Convention. If that prin- ciple was admitted, the probibition of men-of-war to free the Straits would become a com at “Lbus the responsibility, as well as the | may reselt from the detention of the said ships, could only fall on those who have undertaken an expedition 80 ilticit and so much in defiance of recogni rights. I regret to mention also that two of these ships having suceceded indeceiving the vigilance of the authorities, clandestinely landed their cargo on a point of Moldo.Wal- lachian territory, and the three others at the at time are under tho surveillance of the officers of Sup- lime Porte, The Sublime Porte hopes that your Excellon- cy will give the necessary orders that the stores which were landed may be totally sequestered, and that the three said sips can either place their cargo in depot un- der the charge of our authorities, or that they may re- turn to Censtantinoplewithout unloading any part of their cargo in any place whatever. 4 1» relations which the Sublime Porte is happy to en- tertain with Sardinia are to ita sure guarantes that, far from favoring such enterprises, it will condemn them from a legal point of view, not less than from that of the treaty of 1854. Acospt, &c. KOSSUTH ON GARIBALDI AND AUSTRIA, [From the London star, Dec. =) Atasoiree bold by the Garibaldi Committeo in Glas- w, on Friday night, the following letter from M. Kos- suth was read:— Lonpow, Dec. 20, 1860. Jorsxr M'Tean, Kaq., Secretary Garibaldi Fuad Commit- tee— Dear Sin—J beg to thank the Committee of the Garibal- dt Fund fordnviting me to the soiree to be held to-mor- row on the occasion of closing the fund. ‘To my aincere regret Lam prevented from attending the meeting, but moet heartily do I conour in the homage of admiration which [ expect the meeting to pay to Garibaldi, the giv: rious liberator of Southern Italy. Nover surpassed by aay one in heroism, rarely equalled in civic virtue and vatriotic self-abuegation, his hame will shine with Hnporishable tus- tre amongst the noblest, best and greatest of allages, while he most assuredly is the great man of our owaaze. 1 beg to congratulate both the commitice vn the success, 60 Well deserved by thelr earnestuess of purpose, and the subscribers on the liberal spirit which they dis- played in rexponding to the appeal, This spirit, how ever, 18 nothing new tome. Thad the good fortune Cre- quently to enjoy the privilege of pub friendly intorcourse with the people of neral, aad with tho citizens of Giasyow in pal I know how truc and earnest the; patbi.s for the cause of liberty. ith them these pathies are not @ matier of momentary ebulli ‘ion, but are a matter of principle, of strong conviction, of correct reasoning, and comprohensive yiews—a matter of the kead not less than of the heart. Neither can I have the slightest doubt that although the proceedings of the Garibaldi Fund Socioty Shall fave been elected with. this éolres, the pooplo of Beotiand will not abate m their determination to ci ely watch the phases gad interests of the Italian question, and to bring the weight of their opinions to bear on the policy of the British government when required. I re- ret to Say they have occasion to be watchful even now. ‘0 be sure most wonderful is the progress which the cwuee of Italian unity wid independeoce has made within the lust year. But ihe end is not yet by-and-bye, Aus- tria still stands in arms on the Mine: Her unpious foot is =u) plented on the neck of fair Venetia. Unless that foo is removed, unless Awtria is thrown out, Maly is not “one. ari her independence is not worth ame yes? ’s purchase TD shoti more; to have the Italian question definitively re solved, & ts mot enough to thrine out the Austrian from Htaly” she must be thrown out in a manner that’ will leave her paceritess, even to go there again. Europe is sick of these hanc -to-mouth diplomatic trickeries of antiquated crait, which solve no problem, decide no question anu only leave to posterity the curse of ever-recurring disputes ubout aggravated uncertatuties. The political problems of the age require solution, Enrope wants not armed Unces which drain uselessly the life sweat of nations. Europe wants peace, which only tho rule of right founces on Kiberty and contentment can give. Eu ne Waits secure tranquilhty, which only the satisfac- tion of legitimate national aspirations ean give. In the way of that peace, of that tranquillity, stands the House of Austria. Her’ very exutence as & firs rate Power is a source of eternal discord, troubles, wants, revolutions in kurze. Goud for nothing on carth, she forms tho geoat European nuisance, without the removing of which there can be HO peace, no tranquillity in Europe. The removal of thit nuisance ts an tmperative desideratum and a logwab complemen: of the Italian queston, Lam not wanted 8 8 to enlarge on this truth, It is perfectly un- deistuct in Scotland, and is inseparably blended with tho instincts of the pooplo of Scotland. Lately yet, when the Garibaldi Fund Committes first tssned its appent, the very first contribntor who sent ia his pound st to the fund, sept in anoshor pound for mo. That Was, at my request, aided to the Garibatd) fund. regret vot to know from whom it came, as I should like to give him in public my thanks. I allude to this fact aa presenting an appropriate evidence how, io the options of the pcople of Scotland, the causo of Italy is insepara- ble from the cause of Hungary; so much so, that whoever wishes Huy to de tudepondent, must wish Huogacy to become independent, Such are the opiuions of the peoe of Scotland, But the opinions of their govern- ment are not in keeping with the opinions of the people. They (the government) bave nothing to gain- ay. wt the Ltalians doin a8 they anay.with the King. of Naphe that was, and with the Pope, ; poral power i# guing, going, gone, And po far ao good. But as to Austiia and ber rule over Venice, that is citierent in the opinions and aspirations of the British government. still nervously clinging td the long ex- plored antiquated prejudice (which at pll times was a prejucice), bet which, to-day, is a proju earooly it isery tale, etih clinging, I say, tothe antiquated prejagice that “Austria iy necessary io England,” the English government, while advocating the principle of non interference, actually do in every pissible manner fatermod te with thy natural Logi Nation question as lar as Venctia is concerned; they use persuasion, me- haves, threats to prevent Maly from emancipating Vo- nice; hostile, most decidedly beatile to the national aspi- raticna of Hungary, they set themselves up as keepers and protectors of the unmolested safety of that groat Ku- ropesn nuikance Which answers to the name—Austria; they go so far in their foud, one might almost say amor. one, soheitude for that old decrepit sinner, as not ouly to fly into passion ou ber account, not only to forget that calm, diguiied Civility in daploniatic intercoaee, which rity to the strong, but they actual, take ves to act t the Hungarian em’ police for Austria, wateaing tion in foreign cyan. gland did mot striak Russia to invade the (intess 0 great Wear stranyely mh the meng Principalitios im or would e that some Lite mises might posits that quartor against the safety of Auatria’s usurpatery rule ove: Hungary. wally Chore 18 Urgent occasion not W relax the watchful cor8 Thove the hynor to remain, dear sir, your most Dowicnt servant FOSSULH. At th samo oeeting the following letter, writtea by General Gartbaldt’s son, was - New Hnrauron Conner, Dee, 1, 1880. My Dra Sie.—T much regret toat Pebalt net be able to accept Ihe very kone invitation which you have sont tame rom tho Corinittee for the Seires qt Glasgow on tho 21st Lecember. Hel very grateful for the hoaor you have doae n paytog him so high a compiimen’, and also generous assistance of the } I hope to vieit <cotiaud anu to thank my father's Glug w for their great kindnoss, Tam, dear uly cb1ged, RICCIOTIT GAPTBALDE {HB FRENCH VIRW OF THE QUE The Vaiss Consdteutimnet of Ve TION. tuber 20 has an article from the pon of its principe! editor, M. Grandguillo the pesition vf Austra with respeet to Venetix. It is a k that writer obsery nat at the pre- journals of Turin, Vieuna, Berlin, St md Low are all nm jon for the do not, he rom cayeriy, wot to say rashly, on the discussion of a ques. tion not particularly euncerning their own nat when urged on by a sort of instinetive approh: a sive crisis Is on the point of taking p Je then procveds in these termsi— e cortinly among those who bow down to public w slight the warnings which tt gives; ou sept CirCuMIstances, It is impossible Lor us to understand the cause of its we convinced fer srnments, in dggiult of the wisdom of th ‘ find means of Meventing the renewal of a siruggio, cefutth without object, Yea, the situation of Austcia able, but it ts precisely the oxceas of the evil which teacs us to anticipate its settlement. At Venetia anything 18 possible now, except the continuance of the present situation. When things have arrived at euch a point, however threaten wi solution is bri ught about in some unexpected and ne alwayé peaceful manner. Armies and fi thing—the great experience of the Houre of Austria must have suggested this long ago. If the Hapsbargs know how provinces are gained they also know how they are lost, ‘i we sLould not be inclined to believe thore who might tell us that Austria's last chances of retaining Venetia have not been pretty accurately estimated at Sehwen. brupn. The article then points to the fact that the feverish Precipitation of events has far outstripped the dilatory iwvements of the Austrian government. The nomina- tion of M. de Schmerling eight months back would have deen Kiguideant, but at present ita effect is in a groat moasure joet, as Gallicia sonds in petitions, Hungary ts in agitation, and Venetia awaits a rising in the spring. Tt ta in this fagt named country, above ail, the writer ob serves, that the Austrian ministry, failing im resolution uid audacity, bas been guilty of tho blunder of provras, imation — Since Villafranca, saya the article, Austria seems to have comprehended nothing, decided nothing, effected nothing. Sardinia, yielding to the exigencies of a situa. tion which we.need not hero discuss, first oluded the sti- polations of the Treaty of Zurich, and at a subsequent period openiy yiolated them. What in such a conjunc ture ought to have been the attitude of Austria’ for line of contvct was plainly traced out; sho y show herself all the more faithful to hor word boca the Court of Turin had Proved leee 90; sho ought to have scrupulously executed all her promiscs, precisoly because ber adversary bad not done ao; and thon, but then only she might have appealed to public opinion ana to good faith of conqueror of Bolferino, Far from acting in that manner, Austria adopted uniers that ‘The an undignified aad profitiess course of proceeding, sho succcasively note of all the fash acta of Piedmont, and denounced them to European diplomacy, giving them abandant Se the Lyn FB not a) very m ixpleased with this ment of the treat; provided the principle was admitted that the breach 4 the ftipulations by one of the contractin parties would justify similar conduct on the part of the other two. 9 Web att, ef ‘we Jwhiy conroachod Sordinis with magos which | acting contrary both to the letter aud the spirit of trea- ties, bas laid lierself open to the samo reproach. What ought she to have dune with Venetia? Why, mado it au Italian provizes, aud governed and administered it as such, What lus ehe done? She hagmade it an Austrian sted und administeres wilitarily, Venice, e prescnt moment, 6 @ camp, Lota town. Gener: Garibaldi s la grage Was revolutionary, bi Benevek’s bas boen provocative, What is the tof these two cham pions of causes 80 diverse? Do they real- believe that war is inevi abic? They listen oaly to wir courage, perhaps they may think 80; if they listen to calm reasc, assuredly they cannot. ‘The article then observes tas aly notwithstanding her warlike cutbusiasm, cannot y sup] she is able to hold her own aguinst on of the tary Powers in Europe; and cannot Calatafini and Pale: moon a lovel with the great battles of Magenta and Solferino, If Garibaldi, im bis enthu- siuem, shoul! happen to deceive himself on the point, it is uot likely that the prudent ministers of Victor Emanuel would fall into a similar error; and, on the othor hand, itis probable that M,de Schmerling look# on matters in a somewhat different manner froin General Bonedek. ‘The Austrian Minister has, without doubt, folly woes the alternative which presents itself—oither that \- Daldi’s vowunteer by some miracle gain the vie- tory, then the wholo difficulty would be at an ond, or they would be vanquished and put to flight. In this lattor cage, what would be the result? writer goes no further, but by his sileneo seems to imply that Austria would be scarcely better off when conquorer than if sho Dad been vanquished. The French Emperor and Modern Demo- cracy. M. Granier de Cassignac, who is always ready for any political work, wacortakes, in a brochure, entitled *L.’Em- pereur et la Democratic Moderne,” to give us the views Of Napoleon Ut. on the democratle necessities of Europe, He says:— es we havo stated at the commencoment of thia pamphie:, the modifications contained in the decree of 2ath of November were not imposed either by public opinion or by the urgency of public aifaira, we must necesearily inquire What motive has caused the Emperor to anticipate public feeling, at the cost of provoking gra- tuitous combats, and creating anxieties which his reign might be spared from? Whatever these difficulties and these struggles, inho- rent to the exercise of freshly acquired liberties, may be, no sensible public mind can 4 that modern society is the offspring of 1769, and that the empire, representative and leader of this society, is and must remain essoutially liberal. ‘A dynasty elected by the nation and a government foundea on Universal suilrage would not be able, without losing their power and their very law of existence, to ccase to concern themselves with the interests and feel- ings of the majority. ‘tho gradual cevelopemont of institutions, whethor economical or politival, ii the popular sense, constitutes then, the duty and the supremo rubs of the ‘empire; and that developument, pursued with the condition of order, of peace, aid of labor, Which are the first necessities of nations, has (or its limits only the maintenance of geno- ral security and the respect of power. ‘The dynusties of the ancieut veg me, to which Franco owes the extension and the anity of its territory, and of which itanight be said that they perform the oflice of tiibuues of the people, worked iuccssantly at the de- meut of democracy, by. favoring the tiers etat, tho itacturing interest aud the suaail proprietors. The imperial dynasty, hke its predecessors, continues this work, after having healed the wounds of two revolu- tons. Judopendently of the political destinies of his race, and of the duties attached to his eleotion by the people, the Emperor Napolcou has professed in his writings principles ot wise liberalism, which j redict to a cortainty the course and the tencency of his government. ‘Sho empire, then, bas been faithful to its founder's mirsion, and (6 the opinions of its present representative, by usscelating the country more closuly in the direction of public aftairs. Agreed the demecratic nature of mo- dern society and Hapertal institutions ought to form tho procuet, Uke expression and guarantee of that society, it Was jmpoesible that in the log run popular thought should not penetrate more intimately into the govern- ment, Sooner or later Che trial which is now taking place must have becn made. ‘the alty and the ease with which the destinies of Francé Have been handed vyer to the wisdom an| genius of tho Napoleon dynasty, anticipated the period whon that dynasty, in return’ for tho confidence placed in it, should” present a general pulicy and acts to the examina’ tion and to the regular aud solemn vordict of the country. Indeed, we believe that the Emperor, who could Luli himself to rest in selfish seeurity for the whole length of his reign, and postpone a work distant, yet inevitable, to the charge of his evn aud of our sons, deserves to be praised for having taken upon himself these cares and these duties. In general, when it is a question of political reforms, the meet aificult part is not to concvive them, but to execute them. Aclear miod and aa houvest heart are suflicient tor distinguishing the ameliorations to be intro- duced ip ® social state; in Order to carry them into effect a calm and resolute character and a tiem hand at the com- mand of great morui authority are wanted. wly at the moment when the Emperor owes t wars, happily terminated, to economical re- forms effected with eral applaus >, a situation particu larly preponderating and glorious; it 13 at the moment when ho is at the maturity of his intelligence, in the full- ness of his strength avd popularity, ast he undertalos of elopoment of practical and loyal tioerty which one day, by the very nature of things, might have devolved on a young soverelyn, or perhaps on a regent. ‘The moral miluence of the Emperor, the authority of his name, the affection which France bears him, will in- ‘vest these new functions with great powers, will aid their action, and will insare their success. The Emperor is Joung enough net only to bring to a good issue this deli- cate and necessary enterprise, but to owe to the lessons of experience thé revelation Of that which in the futuro would better fulfil the wishes of France. It is im this spirit that it appears to us necessary to regard the new concessions, aud we are persuaded that the great botics of the State, like all good citizens, in: stead of secking occasions for noisy disputes, or for per- Sonal advantayes, will associate in tho work with ail the loyalty of their soul, siace France is on a trial upon whieh depend the repose, the prosperity and the glory of the country. : Such is the pith of the pamphlet: an invitation to co- operate with the government, and use freedom of print with wisdom and patriotism. Measage of the Governor of Tennessee, in Extra Session, Jan. 7, 1561. Exkcurive D&raKtMRyt, Nasnvitss, Jan. 7, 1861. GeerieMen OF THe SkVATE AND Hous oF ReriieseyTaTiVKs : ‘the ninth ® f the third article of the coustitu- tion provid at, on extraordinary occasions, the Gov- ernor may convene the General Assembly, Believing tho emergency contempiated to exist at this time, 1 have called you together. Tn welcoming you to the Capitol of the Stato, 1 can but regret the gioomy anspices” under which We mect, Graye and momentous issues havo arisen, which, to an unprecedented degree, agitate the public mind and imperi! the perpetuity of ‘tho govern nu Ml. The systematic, wanton and long continued agitation of the slavery question, with the actual and Uroatenak aggressions of the re upm the weil dcfined const ight: of the Southern citizen; the rapad yrouth a in ali the clements of power, of opurd whose Lonel of union is uncom promastry hastiti sant inctiutions of the if: tern Sourrern States, have produced @ crisis in the affairs of the country unpareticled in the history of the past, resulting alnady in the withdrawal from the confelerary of ane of ities which compored! i, while others are ra; preparing to move vn the sume disection. Paiy appreeiaung the importance of the dutics which devas upoa you, fraught os your netion must be, with consequences of gest poesible importance to the p Toanos kuowing that, as a groat Comm our own velned State ve atuke interested with her sisters, o have re smrted und are preparing to ort, to this fearful alterna 2, | Buve cole you together for tue purpose of eaim A dispassionate deliberation, earnestly trusting, a8 the choren representatives of a free and ontighteued people, that you will, at this critical jancture of our sifairs prove yourselv +s equal to the occusion wich hay catled lor the exercise of your talent aud patriotism. A brief review oF the history of the past is necessary toa proper understanding of the issues preseuted tor ation. * to the adoption of the federal coustitation 2 separate and independent cow renty Within tteo.f—~aud ti fi euch resorved ail tho rhchts an | powers ineideut Lo eovereignty, except Buch 48 Were expressly delegated by the constitution to the general government, or sach as werd clearly luctient, and Hee Ssary, Lo the exercise expressly delegated power, copstifution distinctly recognizes property in Siaves—makes it the duty of the States to deliver the fugitive to bis owner, but contais hu grant of power to the foveral government to interfere with this spoeies of tthe power, coupled with the duty,” Avil governments, to p , a8 weil as those of life and 2eu, h clearly appears from the i tuat justrument by the Saprome Court of tho States im tho case of Drod Seott ys. Sanford. In - ing the opinion of the court, Chief Justice Taney said:— Yow, a8 we have already said in ap earlier part of thie Northern States an la portion of their peo maby your consi Vreve opiniod, upon a different point, the right of property in a slave We dlctinetty and expresaly atirmed in the constivation, And no word can be found in the constitution which gives Congress & greater power ver slave, property, op wich entites: erty of that provect vl of aug cue description. The only power conferred. I the power, protecting the ccupied with the duty, of guarding an owner in hia rights, ‘This decision of the highest judicial tribunal known to our government setties the question beyond the possi. bility of doubt, that slave p-operty rests upon the kame basi#, and is entitied to the samo protection as every other description of property; that the gonoral govern. ment has no power to circumseribe or confine it within any given boundary; to determine whore it shall, or shall not exist, or in any manner to impair its value, And certainly it will not be contended in this enlightened exercise high- thatany member of the confederacy can oPieweie | in this reapret, beyond the Titaite of its own boundary, than those delegated to the general govern. met ‘The States entered the Union apon terms of porfect po- \itioal equality, each delegating certain powers to the eneral goverbinent, but ueither delegating any power to the other to with {ts reserved rights or domos- tic affairs; heweo, there is no power on earth which can rightfully determine whether slavery shall or shall not exist within the limite of any State, execpt the people thereof acting in thoir highest sovercign capacity. The attempt of the Northern lo, through the In- strumentatity of the federal government—their State f°. vormments, and emigrant aid societive—to confine this species of property withia the limite of the present South. ‘orn Statee—to impair ite value by constant agitation and re- to deliver up the fugitive—to appropriate the Territories, which operty alu the rot hd by excluding therefrom every Southern man who is unwilling to live under a government which by lay aise the free negro as — sand, in fine, to pa question where the Ni win will reat in the Ddelie€ of its Ce ng J = tt tly regarded by the people of uthern a grace ant potpnilevilation of rion—an ‘mapertinent o the and obetow 1861. ae nn EEE rnn NEESER nme dling with the r domestic alfaire, destraciive of frater- nal tecling, ordinary comity ant well deGned rijcbts. AS slavery receded from the Nosth, it was followed by the most violeat and favatical opposition, At first tho anti-aiavery cloud, which now overshadows the ua iva, was no larger than a inan’s hand. Most of you cam ro- member with vivid dist netness those days of yother- hood hen throughout the whole North the abolitivnist was y regarded ag an enemy of his country, Weak, diminutive and contemptibie aa was this party in the purer days of the repibiie, it has now grown to colossal ite recent rapid strides to power have given it possession of the present House of Representatives, and electod one of its Kadors to the Presideuey of the Uuited States; and in the progress of events tho @ and Supreme Court must also soon pass into the bands of this party—a party upon whose revolutionary banner is inscribed, “No more slave States, no more slave Territory, no return of the fugitive to his master”’—an ‘irrepressible’ conflict’? between the free and slave States; “and whether it be tong or short, peaceful or bloody, struggle shall go on until the sun ‘shall not rise upod a master or set upon a slave.” Nor is this all; it seeks to riate to itself, and to exclude the slaveholder from the Territory acquired by the common blood and treasure of all the Sates, ty instrumentality of Emi- flood. ed the with pans rifles and bowie knives, secki complish by intimidation, violence and murder, what it could not do by constitutional legislation. It der |, and from our love of peaco and devotion to the Union, unfortunately extorted in 1819~'20, a con- cession which excluded tho South from about half the territory acquired from France, It demanded, aud again received, as a peace offering in 1845, all ot that part of Toxas north of 36 degrees minutes north latitude, if at any time the interest of tho people thereof shail requir a division of her territory, It would submit to nothing less than a compromise in 1850, by which it dismembered that State, and remandod ‘0 territorial condition a considerable portion of 1's terri- tory south of 86 30, It excluded, by the same compromise, the South- erm _poople California, whose mineral wealth, fertility of and salubrity of clunate is not surpassed op earth; by prematurely forcing hor into the Union unier 4 constitution, oonovived in fraud by aset of adventurers, in the total absonce of any law authorizing the formation of a constitution, fixing the qualification of voters, regulating tho time, place or manner of electing delegates, or the time or place of the meeting of such convention, Yet all theso irregular and unauthorized proceoiings were sanctiled by ‘the tact that the constitution prohibited slavery, 1nd forever ciosed the doors of that rich and desirable ferri- tory against the Southern people. And wh le tae South- ern mind was still burning under a dumihating sense of | this wrorg, it refused to admit Kansas into the Union upon a constitution framed by the authority of Congress, and by delegates elected ia conformity to law, upon the ground that slavery was recognized and {asigerd It claims tae coustitut onal right to abolish slavery in the District of Columbia, the torts, arsenals, dock yards and other places ceded to the United States, within the Limits of slavehoiding States. It proposes a probibitiog of the slave trade between the States, thereby crowding the slaves together and pre- venting their exit south, until they become unprofitable to an extent that wiil force the owner finally to abandon them in self-defence. y It has, by the deliborate legislative enactment of a large majority of the Northern states, openly and fla- grantly nullified that clause of the constitution which Provides that:— No person held to service or labor in one State under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such serv- ice or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or lavor may be due. This provision of the comstitutim has been spurned and pr ape under foot by these “higher law” nullifiers. It is utterly powerless for good, since all attempts to enforce the Fugitive Slave law under tare made a felony in some of pt pope @ high misdemeinor in thers, ond pus i in Jeary fines and imprisonment, istempered- public opinion of these localities having risen aave the con- stitution and all other law, planting itself upon the anarchi cal doctrines of the “higher taw,” with impunity d-fies the government, tramples upon our rights, and plunders the Southern citizen. It has, through the Governor of Ohio, as openly nulli- fied that’ part of the constitution which provides that— ‘A person chi in any State with treason, felony or other crin.e, who sha'l flee from justice and de found in another State,'sball, on demand of the Exeoutive authority of the State ‘rom which he fled, be delivered to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime. In discharge of official duty, I had occasion, within the past year, to demand of the Governor of Ohio ‘a person charged in the Stato (of Tennessee) with the crime” of slave stealing, who had fled from justice and was found in the State of Ohio. ‘Lhe Governor refused to issue bis war- rant for the arrest and delivery of the fugitive, and in answer to a letter of inquiry which [ addressed to him, said—“The crime of negro stealing, not being knowa to either the common law or the crimial code of Ohio, it is hot of that class of crimes contemplated by the federal constitution, for the commission of which I am autho. rized, ag the Executive of Ohio, te surrender a fugitiv from the justice of a sister state, and hence I declined to issue a warrant,’ &¢,; thus deliberatoly nullifying and setting ut defiance the clause of the constitution above quoted, ag Well as the act of Congress of February 12, 17%, and grossly violating the ordinary comity existing between scparate and independent nations, much lesa the comity which should exist between sister States of the same great confederacy, the correspondence connected with which is herewith transmitted. It has, through the Executive authority of other States, de- nied extradition of murverers and marauders. Jt olhained its nun compromise in the constitution to con- finue the importation of slaves, and now sete up a law, higher than the sonstitucion, t destrvy this property imported end sold to us by their fathers. It has caused the murder of owners in pursuit of their fu- gitive slaves, and shielded the.murderers from punishment di has, upon many occasions, sent its emissaries into the Southern states to corrupt our slaves, induce them to run off, or excite them to insurrection. it has yun off stave property by moans of the “undor- vound railroad,” amounting tn value to millions of dol- ars, and thus made the tenure by which slaves are held in the boruer States 80 precarious as to materially impair their value. It has, by its John Brown and Montgomery raids, in- vaded sovereign States and murdored peaceable ‘citi- 2003. At has justified and “exalted to the highest honors of admiration the horrid murders, arsons and rapine of the Jobn Brown raid, and has cavenized the felons as saints and martyrs.” ¢ It has burned the towns, poisoned the cattle and conspired with the slaves to depopulace Northern Texas. it has, through oertam leaders, preelaimed to the slaves the terribie motto, “Alarm to the sleep, fire to the uwellings, poison to the food and water of’ slave- holders.”” Mt has repudiated and denounced the decision of the Su preme Court. 1¢ hug assailed our rights as guaranteed by the plainest provisic sof the constitution, from the floor of each house of Congress, the puipit, the hustings, the school room, their State Logiwlatures, and through the public press, dividing and disrupting ehurches, pelitical parties and civil governments. It has, in the perwm of the President eet, asserted the yf the lack with the white race. ro Bome of the wrongs against: which we hays remorstrates for more than a quarter of @ ceatury, hop ing, but in vain, (or their redress, until Some of our Bis: ter states, in Utter despair of obtaiming justice at the bends of those lawless conivderates, have resolved to sever the tes which have bound them together, and outa there rights out ef the Union which have been the object of coustant attack and encroachment within it. No ene will ussert that the Southern States or p ople have, at any time sailed (o perform, tully and in goud faith, ait of the dures which the constitution devolve wyon th Nor wal it be pretonded that they have at time eneroarhod of attempted aggees mitts cicits Of @ neistor State. The go ut wes for many 1s under the covtrol of Novthorn statesiaen, but in tng avd perlocting measures of policy, be it suid to the perpetual hovor ot the South, she has never at tempted to eucreach upon a single constitutional right of the North. ‘The jourmais of Congress will not show even the tntrodvetion of a single progoattion, by any South ern repevsentative, calcuuted to impair her rights in ° wound her set its under the cvustitution. so tolerated these wrongs from a devotion to the Uuson, with & degree of pationve and forbearauce unparalleled in the Listory of a Brave and free people. Moreover, they have quietly submitted to a revenue aystem which’ indirectly, but certain'y, taxes the products of slave labor somo fifty or sixty milous of d Hars annually, ty increase the mabofeeturing profis of those who have thus persistent ly and wickediy assailed them. To evade ihe isewe thus forced upon us at this time, without the fullet security for our righis, 8, in my opinion, fatal to the” institution of slavery forever. Tho time has arrived when the peopie of the’ South must prepare either to abandon or to tortify and maintain it, Abandon it we cannot, interwoven us it is with our Weaitu, prosperity and domestic happivesa. We owe it to the mechauic, whose shop is cice d, to the multiplied thousands of luborers thrown out of employment; to the trader, made bonkrupt by this agitation. © owe it to ourselves, our children, our self-respect and equality in the government, vo have this question settlea permanently and forever upon terme consistent with justice aud honor, and which will give us peace and perfect security for the present and the future. Pailiatives and opiates, in the character of logis- lative compromises, may be applied, affording momentary relief, but there will be no permauent safety, security or peace until Northern preju- dico has been eradicated, and the public sentiment r feeling of loyalty and that section radicail and nationalized. tompt the of effective remedies before this great object been accomplished is liko cleansing tho involved in he proper solution of the difficulties that surround us, the deep, lasting and vital importance of of conveation, or no convention, and also for election of delegates by the People, ip the ratio of legislative represectation to moot in State convention, at the Capitol, at Nashviilo, at the earliest day bie, to take into consideration our federal relat determine what action shall be taken by the Tonnoasee for the security of the rights and the her citizens. The question of convention or no can and should — be determined doiegates convent! and Py Persona receiv! largest reapective oon and districts to be com- elegaten lace the whole tattar in the hands of the determine how for them, in their sovereignty, to A H , the character of re- fur their rights have been violated. drees or guaruntes they will demand, or the action they will tuke for their present and future security. there be a remedy for the evils which afflict the country, consistent with the perpetuity of the Umon, it will, in’ my opwion, be found in such oonstitutional amendments a8 will Goprive the fanatical majorities of the North of the power to invade our rights or impair the security or value of our property. Clear and well defined as our rights are, undor the present coustitution, to participate equally with the citt- zeus of all other States io the setilement of tho common Territories, and to hold our slaves there until exctuded by the formation of a State constitution, yot evory organized Territory will become @ field of ry, if nob Dloody, strife between the Southern mau the abo- litionist, and we shall see the tragedies of Kansas re- enacted in each of them as they approach the period of forming their State constitutions. Plain and upmistakeable «8 is the duty of each State to deliver up the fugitive slaye to his owner, yet the attempt to reclaim is at she peril of the master’s life, ‘These evils can be obviated to a great extent, if not entirely, by the following amendments to tho constitu. tion — 1. Establish a line upon the Northern boun of the prosent slave States, and extend it through the - tories to the Pacific Ocean, pos. such paralicl of latitude ag will divide them equitably between the North and South, expressly providing that all the territory now owned, or that may be horcafter acquired North of that line, shall be forever freo, aud all South of it forever slave. This wiii remove tho question of existenco: or non-existence of slavery in our States and Territories entirely and forever from the arena of politica, The question being settled by the constitution, is n0 er open for the politician to ride into position by appeal to fanatical prejudices, or assailing the rights of bu neighbors. 2. In addition to the fugitive slave clause provide, that when a slave has been demauded of the oxecutive authority of the State to which he has fled, if he is not delivered and the owner permitted to carry him out of the Stato in peace, that the State so to doliver, thall pay to the owner double the valuo of auch slave, and sécure his right of action in tho Supreme Court | of: the United Stutes. This wili secure the return of the slave to his owner, or bis vulue, with a suflicient’Bum to © indemnify bim for the expenses necessarily incident to the recovery. 8. Provide for the protection of the owner \n the peace- ablo possession of his save while im transitu, or tempo- rarily sojourning in any of the States of the confoderacy; and in the event of the slave's escape or being taken from the owner, require the State to return or account for bim as in case of tho fugitive. 4. Expressly prohibit Cong:css from abolishing slavery in the District of Columbia, in any dockyard, uavy yard, arsenal, or district of any character whatever, Within tae limits of any slave Stato, 5. That these provisions shali never be changed, ox- < by the consent of ail the siave States, Vith these amendments to the constitution, I should feel that our rights were reasonably secure, not only ta theory but in Mct, and should indulge the hope of living in the Union in peace. Without these, or some othar amendments, which promise an equal amount and cor- tainty of security, there is no hope of peace or security in the government. If tho siaveholding States refuse to comply with ademand so just amd reasonable; refuse to abandon at once and forever their. unjust war upon us, our institutions and our rights; refuse, as they have heretofore done, to in faith the obli- gations of the compact of union, much as we may appre- Ciate the power, prosperity, greatness and glory of this government 5 — as we deplore the existence of causes which haye already driven one State from the Union; much as we may regret the imperative necessity which they have want nly and wickedly forced upon us, every cmsidera- tion gf pation and self-respect require tha! we should assert dnd mainain our “equality in the Unvon, or independence out of it.’ Ju my opinion, the only mode left us of perpetuating the Union upon the principles of jnstice and ty uy which it was originally established, is by the Southern States, identified as they are in interest, sentiment and fecling, and must, in the natural course of events, shace a common destiny, uniting in the Ln Popa ofa fixed and unalterable resolve, that the rights guaranteed by the constitution must be respcoved and fully and perfeot- ly secured in tho present govornment, or asserted and TT in a homogeneous confederacy of Southern Stal Mere questions of policy may be very often proper; compromised, but there can sf nocom| ise of card: apd vital ples; no compromise between right and wrong. Principle must be vindicated and right triamph- ant, be the consequences whnt they may. To compromise the one or abandon the other, is not unmanly and humiliating in the extreme, but always disastrous in its fina) results, ‘The South has no power to reunite the scattered frag- ments of a violated constitution and # once glorious go- verument. She is acting on the defensive, She has been driven to the wall,and can submit to no further ag- greasion. The North, however, can restore the constitu- tional Union of our Jathors, by undoing their wuck of alicnation and hate, engendered’ by thirty years of con- Stant aggression, abd by unlearning the lessons of malig. nant hostility to the South and bee institutions, wit which their prees, pulpit and schools have persistently infected tho public mind. Let them do this and peace will again establish hor court in tho midst of this once happy country, and the union of these States be restored to that spirit of fatornt ty, equality and justice which gave it birth. let them do this and the vitality which hus been crushed out of the constitution nt bo restored, giving renewed strength and vigor to the body politic. But can we hopo for such results “Two months have already passed since the developement of facts which make the perpetuity of the Union depend alone upon thetr Giving to the South satisfactory guarante:s for hor char- ered rights. Yet, there his been no proposition at all atisfactory made by any momber of the deminant aud ggreesive party of that section. So far from t, their Senators and representatives in Congress bave ‘voted down and spurned every proposition that looked to the accomplishment of this object, no matter whence nd the fact that their constituents have, in ve manner, issued words of rebuky or warning to them, must be taken as conclusive proof of their acquiescence in the pol y. In view of thege facts, ] cannot close my eyes to tho conciusion that Tennessee will bo powerless in any eforts she may make to qnoll the storm that pervades the coun- try. The work of alienation and disruption has gone so far that it will be extremely difficult if not impossible to arrest it; and before your adjournment, in all human probability, the only practical question for the State to determine, will be Whether she will unite her fortunes with a Northera or Southern confederacy; upon which question, when presented, Tam certain theré can be little or no division in sentiment, identified as we are in oyery respect with the South. df this calamity shall befall the country, the South will have the congolation of knowing that she is in ne mvanor responsible for the disaster, The responsibility resis alene upon the Northern people, who have wilfully broken the bond of Union, repadiated the obligatious and duties which it imposes, and only cling to its benetite. Yet even im this dark hour of respousibility and peril let no mah countenance the idea for ® moment that thd dissolution of the federal Union reduces the country t abarchy, or proves the theory of self-government Wb a failure, Such conclueious would be not only erroneous but unworthy of ourselves and our Revolutionary ances , While OUr State governments exist, possessing ali the machinery, perfect.and complete, which is necossary to the parpeses of civil goverument, just as they existed before the Union was tormed. ‘The rages and patriots of the Revolution, when in act of severing their connection with the mother onal and establishing the great cardival priuelples of fre ernment, solemnly declared that governments were insti- tuted armong men to secure their rights “to life, liberty, and the puradit of happiness, deriving their just’ powers from the consent of the governed ; that whenever any form of goverbment becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolizh it and to institute a new government, laying iis foundations on such print. pleg, and organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seom most likely to citvet their safety and happt ness, * * * © Bui when a long train of abuses and usurpation, pursuing invariably the same object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, i is their right, it is heir duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for thei future seenrity. Recognizing these creat prinvip! the peopie of Ten- nessee incorporated in their declaration of rights, as @ fundamental article of the constitution of the State, “that government being instituted Jor the common benefit, the dotrine of non renstance agains! arbitrary power and op- —— is abenrd, slavivh, and destructive of the gout and a of mankind,” "Whatever line of policy muy be adopted by the people of Tennessee with regard to the present federal relations of th , Lam sure that the swords of her brave and gallant sons will never be drawn for the parpese of oo ereing, Subjugativg, or holding as a conqucred province any ove of her sister States, whose people may declare their independence of the Tederal goverment for the purpose of being relieved from “a long train of abases and ueurpations.” Jo admit the right or policy of coarciom weuld be untrue to the example of our fathers ani the glo- rious m: moriesef the past, destructive of those great and Pang a finn y faa liberty purchased with wit nh, ceatructive ofS sovereignty and © a tencing to centralization, and thus subject the rigata, Oe ee to the despotism of an norestrained ma- Jority. Widely as we may differ with some of our sister Eouthern States as to the wisdom of their policy; de- Sirous as we may be that whatever action taken in this emergency should be taken by the South as a unit; hopeful as we may be of finding some grievances consistent with the gov member of that While f ae, une driven to ternative of appealing to arma in defenoe of rights of her people, | neversbelen in viow of the present excited state of military organization in the State, the mii immediately after the repeal of the = ston dag public parades, pending Crisis, J regard a thorough reorganization the militia °« imperatively demanded y ration af Drevtonce and gatety, Tt