The New York Herald Newspaper, November 27, 1860, Page 2

2 NEW YORK HERALD, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 27, 1860.—TRIPLE SHEET. a ' c ip we without the foss ef momentary wants of tuo population of beth men tna . Fn pe =< | but also to lay to etocks suffi leat But be abo rigwon were aot the only sourcr The tnpate & wieneness of he mixed races a ow 1% inev tauly cesses Mexico a® oven detmourtated to the Amer Js: tu yO Use qleubiad ageas in the developement of the te the +8, Ragen’ manner. of We Plas proved te three owertaad mx!!, Bavct (4 untive ropbers and aseserin a pluntered kor tie! ORpresés roukes OpeREd during tne last | re an MU ered thew ae necntioasy ar (ne isaiae,si1 | JeMr8, ¥itieThe Honthers overland eamib wud yaswangor } route frow St Lele Fis Fort Saattn, throug Northern ho | Texae aid soutkera New Mexlo aud atiqooa; tae New Mexicuu mail bod passenger Ite lence, Mo , tomause Fe, and the tWoOx Tess aud. pax@eager lace of tie Central Overland Caitiornta and Pike's soak Company to Deaver and Salt Lake ofties: } tho Now bieaico and Salt Lake traders were to travel With (air teiue Wheo making their ing tips ty tho Gast, Thetr porrespoudeuce ba: © forwarded in ow maaver During HEOLOO WILD tbe States wae for the e Now dota tavir pereue a ters are inaded or borders ines many days as th werly took weeks. Of late a mai) aad pagsengor | bap also Leon siarted by the Western Stage Company, be with eq’ ak impoumey r ADOM ar oRtruation to the watform face O! srading exyediions was the Lotorie ® WE of the Mexton down w the low to be to eurton Mane Nona menctiart f eaurmes The © ; Wy te Gorereorn, Ming tree ere cor Fo mont esrmivalt order (0 wrtuoe the tre Shetr pay@rut. Toe icnoraue ‘ imp #ition y por wagon loads, from & were obaree twecn Onba, N T, aud Beuver City, so that thera ie eee whoveas) dollars Hews levied ow acl. hie enor- | pow a dally opportanity to eres the Plaine from tae Mit gue tax coupeliod mmportere tO make usc of krickery. | FOUr river tO te gold fields of the Rocky Mouatatar When within & sort distance of ino BiMing plas of ovor pamvenger ives whoss coaches brave! ab the rate of Pusion Hove daryies. hey wonid olle the ioad of twe | 150 miles per day ous e. ana t the formes 7 = somes OW omaere > 9 apn pe gy Now, sexi 9 trade during | '+e~THE ORNYRES OF TNS DIFFERENT BRANCHES OF ‘és years of tafancy may be formed from the fot Le 2 OVERLAND TRAFYIC, 0) aabular ptatement, ebandine aud toe wy aaaily omp oy AVRO, A during (be yearn of 1822-3h— wowing the weight ¢ To begw agein wit ow Mexico trade:—In ite lu: fancy the traders started upon thelr sonal iripa, a8 ol bal spe an m! who jolved {9 tho carly expoditione came up the river NE " prialers, Caragaas th thelr goods inso called Mackipaw bowis, aud stop y+ 000, 60 14 quoty ped at ihe eine point, The town of Independence was, ty ee se ever, fe e @ bagianing of the WF... 6d 00 w” and epecdit f oF 1875. .106 060 ~ 190 | of the 1829... 60 600 ype ‘ 2881. 200 00 Le ? The murcer of & large number of ¢ rat lead | © 4 at) but Now Mexican ¢ tunes, and. th fmeured the failing off of 1849. ant Lhe emoors of He cone of that year by a detachment of L st The pack antmale we Were mortiy mules » drawn by mol: ‘eis ace a ‘ ‘Siler of ox rm exampie war 5) ent of dourishing and beaut ward ie tho ns long as ‘Tho birth and tudepanrien se dd witaout moro wester'y owth of Weetport and Kagsas City, xt the sooptre of iy 0 flip trom its bands. Already, in 1634, Meeara. Beat & St. 40 Den sok of goods fur the N Mesioo market t Fraueots Choatean's log warebouss omee of tt } present site of Kansas @ity, and travefers of the New Mesieaa trade to the two immediat tern be meosetary. Slatiorar Lae Vepaw, Along he rar ertol Ws Dr Henry vor Moatco wm © Vhat mace permagent | (eno hag continues the aut Up be tis day Sol Mevarty, Mesera Wot a t ace Jackson, the Sountettes ava Si. Vrains. ail of aviually enlarging proportions. Since 16 7 ail of aather jon Wertera 4 uri or Bt. Lou * wud it has passed over to them tJow wagone sro auw By IAAL 5 Thres bumdrod wagon bal pal sais : sedi the Misnourt river for New Mexioo, tat the | tenk:ondfrom Intepes dooce to Now Mexico during the oved) ue a! bad then o sh pply s20R Wes Berious.y interrny! afterwards 0. competitors, Kanees City bas now warlike incarsion of o Rapgert te i y : Ot from the trate. Ite ncversib A diveot water com vitory, esas then being yel tad: pon uy Pediiente could well war upon ue withous directly the oe of orely avenged vpn the nication with Easter Involviog b rt f tho goo probihs tig all importatinn dearly aii those bonghé farther Past are disembarked, Bere of ret. oo virtue: stopped torer 1 for the cine being — Wharerer : Sag ‘ fee from the Unitea States alte eon | White ts ouly toree miles southw by Gen Kearney in 1816-7 wore ae sitelable share of 4 ase pete reds ie ne : and porse m tbe verge of the Kanene prairi+a, !¢ olfera BuUbIONs IH otod BowE foau teators or inducements ea 2 mero star ‘ | city. But for receiving the natives, in conse, ‘Sos in 1846 | appearins f fae follow weg year. I able portion of the goods axusually eo is bought in Kauens ¢ pases in the Al The Inara trade ce mortly fo 8%. Ls ontrolied to a large extant by (%O aforomeuts Both the New Mexican and ladian (ralers c relations to tho waale ey doal are gouerally of #0 oid United States government for praturwous disteiba’s bg aphvally g1ven out under contract 1 cacnet well remsin on point The tracrportation to the ai on the Piaing ta algo uocerwker by no haditurt sh mirangibened and w the arely woquired torr greatly increased the wa'ety Bad soon moped t . Ghapta engaged tn tt Sait Lake carrying rernment Suj for the wo and la the Terr by the comtractars as wwatere of tho Minoan ¢ © Arkannay @s weil The Salt Lake trators buy thetr goote to ma the Kav, Norm and » tho. Mie | pliledeiphia, New 2 7 patr aie @our! and Yellow " og posta wore osab | 9 emall number of h tatter Day paints ’ 2 oartering wae anmvelly | them aro very particular todoal only with such On Oa tne Uypor A fo 288 vory aovive fren the } av, trom long acquniptance, are known vo tacu to o Tiei CA Of the Mormon oax p least concenten Is the Fixes Pox 801 or oe brageh Josoph rane next; & rom termint of tho Unto st fe ured start n ¥ bave 2 conata: road aivantages ha mado tec moe or jondyng trainm, Ar far as beade tteelf, bowerer wi los Bow raed, they *till have to yield the patm to Leavea 1a corr 2g 10 | worth, althongh waay of ther merchants bave likewis war altogether (9 TO | 9 profiteble busiwess inte reoerse wit the miocs, Karras Aes distivat bran x of com Cay bas trated remarkably little with the Pike's Peak eircle of civilization w ye drawn cheer aad “ vantry. ‘This t* probably owln, ta the absorption of its r droop s Pr With the rt around the aborigines. » by tho New ste: iso of the overland Ur: Die by Pike's Coan of tke Dorm. has ale y eono tre: The soreral 34 2 th the jour! river towo being poariet to theta of wi Ai og to the straits he fret years a that time op 1 begin D y. ¢ Gentiles trad ‘ of tie Western Siege Company. Kanens Cy is ae yet Bamber 0 ria ng withact direc) commanteation with Denver Cry. Were every epr uth the demand , | 1L-- CHsRACTRAUATIOS OF THE OVERLAND TRADE, Mormou popyiaty Tom Pearon to eo porate vas ’ Tho wants of a country arc always reguistet by the Gupanted, and bentrets ef both Wortions cod Gon. | Mars of \'s people to ratiafy them. The Now Mexicans, Glee reaitved forturca.” ‘The Ciah trade wuficred fat | Sithongh inbaviting a regton of great agricultere!, m: fees from Indian depredatims than the New ral and pa renounce, cannot Dewald to be x wen! ee ee eit tas eror the route ararctied, vy | (ty people, it te tene there are men of fortave the freight traine and tho strong fmitiinry osed- | Among Them, but this number appears Pation of variovs points slong |t. Tae transper rv * | compared with that of ine people at large, The ave ‘Rees to Utali attained ite height vurieg the 80 wal telen ie teh Rae ir eins one mon war, The pretence several thourent trospe, | mipahe , J Qi of whom hal t be sopp ‘ | { ulsod States does vot previ in | arcane of the mase of the people | @ moet frogal eeosietenca. nies! 1 Suge abe Fark 9 andor the of the ¥ - 1 Fost the smwlinees of thoir meane ie campeneated by 9 siapt! city ef physica! Labite, that onabier them to manifest content ond happinces tn spite of poverty. Tt wonlt be ord, inuced, to Gnd a relatively poorer and at the came UUme happier people than thatof New Moxioo, It can certain'y live op mach lee and enjoy it taveh more then Anglo- Amer want. 9 the best pomtite ad vantege. From 1808 ® reaction tovk plage, Bowever, in ae of the Mormon empire. Tre inl faclure of crops \mwpeveriaved tary ys feck. The animesity betwoen the é busines afaira of many mer Sees toe tate cape ns Mormon traders tnore The Now Moxicant devote romparat!roly mor of theur nd rove monoyell ed trade A setoniens ovorstoceing | means to whe outward then to te Inwanl body. They eee ae ee ie ease was | ate feed of rpiritoous Beverages, bat eot particular abont Meets of must fait lake tratore Uecame | the charvcter of their food. ‘They know little o° the» Saeeely sean ae red Ba ee catied plensnres of the table. Their dreee, however, te Se Nappa ly lyae Slow AG | the chiect of erent caro and expense. Both mulee an: ebh c e Wat reversal of the inn a ee ion dane enoek om wet | maton aolight in showy stammente ef thelr portous, / 78 moved (bet Mock opt of the e yma net aed | Fesort, the cost of Waarpertesion Seine Vow WR | thie propepelty shapes the cl aracter of the trade te agren: 4 9. BC. | degree | | } Ipal item of expense in tue overis , Sot over & hw = 0 Che early Caye of tho foreign traiic with New Mex}. Wagons with moriar tive loft tne be: oer, 99 large are tho stocks jet romain’ on) to, when the wante Of the natewee bal noi pot been qualt en powers = = : we | | Gow by aconiact with Angio Amarionn Labite and cor to momeatons fact edietnnce ne, the var oty of loyported goats wae rathes lien atvidually pr, ast - Une “i wh | Crcecrion an 1 Cash ewicoes constiteted the mein stock ranges R entaie ; - Seeger yeah of roe ond wattore that eigralive! tro teat | The eee the colors of the latter, the better farur Prager of the kee Mosk god fever in the Bom bat! of 7 fownd, A boTeolsred kied wae especially po polar, deane bere yor, e , ve ag 18 | Ag the tntercowrse between Now Mexico and the est ad eesumed @ More eeitiod Aepcol, Bod the certainty | Rote Bore Intimate, tbe goods intredered from year t of the permanent get vement Of A popatous tutninc comm: | year became yore vari 4, and now very lew articloe that hy tn the newly discovered HOreo6 CFUNL HO loaeer OF | merensels ip the Wertern States Keep ou band wi! not doubte |, oom commenced Rowing Vircug) regul> | be fownd tm the asrortmeat taken out by che New Mexican obane ce. | traders. Meny of the icating moccbante of Leavenwerh Cty, | There are, however, some pwoniiectiies in their fmpor- Aled ison, St Joaoph. etme City, Omane ar Coune:! | tation iy Consist ia an uncommonly large dem Bivffe fited cot large trainn, joaced with boury riocke | for calleoes, diesched comenvoe end hotiery, partic: - , and opened branch sores in mover City arly for female use, nemaber of white Stockings pinoe they | Dough: by the Mewicon woaen {¢eaid to be asionlaning. centres Ot for the y | Tice @ Lutive charwoter of their podat exter Rein, Ths extant of tho Pike'a Peat trade @t that | dorwa; cvnicnee of rmall sites Dateamery. For the eve Gaos"mey be beet fi from the fact thet Orereic | ronson, alere in shoes, that Darioes elk @owsnd people spent the lant wlater io the fold rogrens, | Moxlou traders. Lavo arttoles ip bis line expratey - every material want of whom bed b) bo Seppited (rom Lie to — | Hokey requ cements of ibe souorkies @ thin, Mates. te But rotive o@ the comraereial intercouree between the | Peony dry goods are ieirmineed on 8 Mire ‘ted gor'e oaty, Rocky Mountainr and the border Miates wat during (ko the lew people of wealth Sewe the purelesers What | fatter part of ( wat malttpiiet at a marrollons | See ae ens Oo, SORE PET, PRY GeReeN ee wera Fete in the course of the protest yor, The new graee | comtly quality. j Bad berdiy com ences eprowting when an iowationt Of late sarge quaniitics of ready mate clothiog ant | Rest, cager b) yurnoe opea Yo anypored mineral tree. | furnishing Coeds here been gousumed by tho New Afext ures OF INE MoLntalee. OOdartok tho pilgrimage Retoes, car market, thereby indicating that the oid Spanteh no | Bor weeks 8 mighty bya tide kent roi ing to unseen | Hone of drete Are Giving Way bo tbe Acglo.Amarionn atric ‘waver over ba the Southern. cr Avkauves, acd North. | of ere, of Platie Fouls, wowarse Coir gw fhe Seth Pintte region, brow tow Spr OMA Tate fa JuLe & COMM DONES string fir tched orer the reads tearing from the waour! ereeg towne to t0e Dame of he morntiina, enet sixty thorrard by J Moved io thas period, with Wor goats and chattel, ofer the Pisime All those tone udreun af regular freighs \OT fo os all mummer US trader to enable the Piby' Fax irecers, ony comentgy relate’, from the vicinity of the prognt sisourt { Boopeille, Even those reaidenta of et, Louw vo mado it the point et which not caly @ large yearly forwarded (8 soll, but aleo > | The dimension ga'Geant whon | } patel for the generality of the New Mexicans, | port. In forwor yeart he ¢» porte wade fram Now Mextoo, 2 exobas ge fur Acglo Amercan goods, were prieo pall7 eid ud Biiver col eod Dalop and mules fhe laiior vraue tine all oat dled away, owing to tho Wulo Oreeding ineeveral of the Weevero ” “exnorta of preeious metaihare nia greatly 4 lence now extant in the Territory in hardy «lo quate to the wants of the ‘nhsbitante Fustera Payments, which but @ short twme siacs were ‘holly made by conslguments of coined gad oLuer aud fold, ave pow made by the New i canis through drafia on the aub treasorers States, obtawed from the mtttitary and civil olivers eta tioned in tbe territory. Tho ‘ailing of t the export of the enamerntad arti has been made up by an Locreage tn that uf vtoere. 7 the exportauen of wool bag apovO 9!! been carried 6 very largcly during Ube last dye years Bice hesered thousand pounis arr lver irom Now Mexico, wud this yea parwurage of the Territary ig itkely to make sheep breed ing obe of the principal native pursuits, and sicad!ly the yearly wool etip. Xicah gol '= tiiiop hovers that do freigbting for New Mexico tradera, pase bun it secures return loade to thew—: eae syed by tho overiana freighters w ny ‘0 dente per pound. p skins also constitute a2 tant article export. Sume sbuty thsceaod th about twenty flve conte each, were brought is ls 4s0 somo Ory bides, tallow, apd a variety of (urs value ¢ { the” merchand'ne t n bea Dow cut dows the Tho pamber of Avglo ameciva w 8, 8 about two Hmndrad ani so wire. aw paras very all nuarber of net! Keronre. oil of whom are located in Santa re is about $469 000, apital inves! | trade. the transportation buelaers, whic } ted, millions are ale employed, ae will be propriate bead, crew #8 preocoipg be «. machments wm: 5 “4 dominion of the Aborigines 4 thousanas of ball Kanses ond Nebragka, have already loara: see thelr white neighbor tale eber portannent!y joneted triner rece!ve provielone, grex clothing, bfankers, farming utensile, &6. , (rom the ga ment ms portion of paturnily Ie it thetr porchases. 3 ie i rriginie ep | faye ° and gene means in the ™ trast hic netil next pay doy. 6 bord morchants, ) Indians settied o¥ arma, powder, lead, tobacco, tuger, coifue, candies, heave alicdcs, bavkets, saadice, Urialed, ribbons aed trinket only by a fe id Short beaded Judian garments, dried meats, pons anydnpg of commercial wl og to part with—acd what is ao lad, vive when ap article pleases his primitive taste ond BquaWs are then KS Unneditatingly, bartered = aud oui robee. yu ror fi moat valcable Bay all rier pound, and & otuer ariicles aiv held aé oor melee ates maged for guode by the tradore ia 41 Ged they Way sroogn various chasnels to $3. Lou. bese frova-the | per itseourt country are brought down that river every summer by the $9 called “unou eet? of hight Mraugbt etoanboats, ant those fr te, Kanees, arkavsae, Colorado ‘aud Grande vailoys The wneual value % tucae Is usvally ropresonte dollare. 8 hove stationary pos tatting trt ater Uribe. 8 te wealthiest of tho proios of the Inelan. wad lent a Wanueriog life, former clase be weak aud fal #9 goods mm mg th bh more varied than t bor Yor te bie. itis irue ported wares arways br ia an, when old. Fut bo brary ovet of frele ‘ fork @ the capita sted Jost garing the long time conacmed og tae over tramepostann , eccessitale teee, while ue copstavt overstr sing Lac Utah market as labored aauer Jour reudered quick sales impossty’ , fortinrmore, re note wel tO do poo, are bo limited that,evea if they dosires, | become ex! agent purchasers vly. The comforts end iuxuries : own Wo but few of tuem. Lorap dry goods ned clothing, boots aed shoes, proce ries a Ngrors and bardware coustitute the batk of 1 mports ipto Utah. O- provisions all that are wanted for * Consumption, with the exeeptioa of pork, are pro ¢ ip the Territory. Uf wheat s surpias bes veon attorly, for which e market bas teen fecad Bie Pike's leat settlements, Bat far we oud FkiMe are About the only articles ax m Mormoniom. A uring snterost ts yacually grow tkg opanoug Young's poople thar promirox Deore loog a atill” portation of orrtaia bastern goods. | Ih t= donbttat whether the vo! ve of the imports of 1860 exory ed balf a million of Gollare. Mt the rewly opened evertand trade t the god an rT mines cf the eastern and western | cline of the Rocky Mountatoa eo ipse a'together those of ) Ue Now mesino, indian aed leah trade. It wm einacy chareeter ¥ 24 the enerey and enterpriss of Ang!> | Amon can Swsiness life. Having to do with greater con pomern, tt fer ahead both as to qeantity eed qusiky | CPimporus. The troth that there. ace no helter Buyers acted ppon lerteos woorcially f various wante of t vat Lily conge-gated te the fo of tie Hocky Mountaing, Althouct Rarity two Te elapsed cluce tue Bret gold nautere made the,r a their base, money G4 elreut Decesraries, nt most of the comforts of Anglo American iif. in Denver City whole | been bout up ia tees than twelve montha with brick and } frame eatdous for business purpoece, maay stories hich | Aod Mile trom roof to collar with every pro tuctica of | Aro Ameriean induatry thet eva possibiy be dete 24 ie jarket On sugast last, goods, tbe | ee ne kane see an" sunita, ert whoee real ator, a at least | foor miuiens, were stared tn that plage lone’ elite 1 | the ethor towne of the gold fegiors and thru: mines immense quantities Of Swares, importet deccty from the States to the ee’ jocalities, wore like wien irate ie the Pike's Teak country was at anon os ‘on 80 broad a basa |s doubtingely attr batabie to cogree to the fact that thoe tar the rosentty taded land of com hae, barging the yieid of gold an crop of vegetables, Teaniner an absolote y uaprod tive country. fvery pocnd of Sreatetst Raa » Which BeceEity Sinke 93 Cnoe called a Loge provision tr four have indend been tanied 89 the and sce the Yat of April let Troe Ibo Nissvuritvor thane New , Mexico and (tah, Wi eb retaitem am average at $18 por } sack. Tio Waporations of grecorves are ee: chor | Mout. Teere two vranghes iyrm, i fnet, we oO the | Pike's Peak trace {| _ Although the Pike's Peak market (9 wok stoukod wit j Suery kits eu grate of code, ail ure act a food do- mand. Grocerk?, prov.soms, Doote and thoes, chthing, cheap dry go vee faney Cry goede, Goe cioth'ag, forniebing aitero, and anc vr witli they Be nual wave gen way ay it, ‘The shove eprmersted staple articirs bring very satin. Incwory proits, aituough they are wocersarily held i, Word Lot wry Decense of the « reowmye ovériant transportion of wow 100 miles. Ab {© eetimaied that, the winter stocks having new ered thengent detare worth of merebertice hig been Garr ied to the gold regtoae from rariout wr since ! fet of aye! sia, ol oe whieh are oxpiien at cart iwo millions § The cwtof the dvced in the iv was acd mires cannot be mill mcf dojlara. To eli ibis mort be added surbed by Uso gigantic earry ing tra lo. roantiio ord loc ustetl wants. A certo figures, bowring on thie part Of the subject, will ej oo — ies exper 0 consiat ¢ thre: tions wefined eelon aud fry delisrs worth of furs and Josging fom p-etont apes anaes, more FEARONE Wil! leper tie argent Do orracstuls Consimet by the Pike's Peak | produged in the oath (atte and Cy at their imate 's favoraty | cereale bas born fury demensrrated ti. | patches of wheat, barley aad oate Ie ogo, [te oatural excellence 12 ! much depeuceat upon moteorological coutiagencies ae Sth calle saaieues eet that of tho rea, and even more #9. For while seafarers cau Did delsace bo the whime of the weather, they that Propose bo steer acroes the Plans have no ulsercati ye Dat to abide by ita caprices, homer od | be, Should an eavly triumph crown the yearly struggle between tho cold and warm searons, the overiane freighter wh) take & corresponding timely start upon lis weart- some journey, But Wf, aa it freqently happens, wieter fuocoeds lu Latwtalpipg ite sway long after tho pertod as- signed to the rule of spring commences, he must nolons The relative condition of the appaa! new growth of grass, reguinted as t¢ is by the nore or les® ready apppearance of the seasov of herbal life, is the barometer that absolutely controls ais move- Wind end raio wil! not retard bim. Ho will . mind them po more than he that ‘s tossed avout on the ious Ocean, Protracted frosts alone are terrors (o a their apeeagonadle wiiction always ser) lerierea wilh Ube attlring of the Plalue in their lnxuriant tummerly verdure, But whether leatbed delay or early embakstion be ‘n store for the prairie travellers, thoi departure “rom their several winter quarters i¢ always preceded by woeke of preparations,#o that they may be realy to wherever the vegetation of the Plains ia suite: suscitated to Warrant it. ‘be overland Waders appear in the Fastern raarkels as Lhe caslleet among spring buyers, te order to 1ave their ovoteoe on the frontier ab the time of the reopeniag tracepor/ation keagou, The hotel Beepers an whol dealtre of the Western cities know exactly the time When they may «¢xpect the yearly visits of thoes well Jusl*, with deoply bronzed coaatenances, tbat come from the far West, with “pockets full at epirite_eary.”” They loom up ag epfailingly a: the mi gratory birds that winter The ola nesornta being rqo lyon crodit they but seldom atk extcusione—and the Lew purchases, mostly comprising stocks taten led to Inst & whole eagen, being mute, hey seek the Miscour! river towns to poperintend the arriva!, etorago and Onal whip ment for the Plaine of their several invoices. ® Many of the ireighterecre tn the babdit of colmg into winter quarters on the western verge of the Plains, as the climatica! relations of thote regions reader’ their natural | postorege more destrable during the coldisonee thay that of more easterly latitudes, But whether they winter he |v stock and ebelter their wagons in the glene aud tbe Rocky Mounisins and wpon the table lands of the Upper Arkenraa, Platte aud Grand rivere, or ou the | and in the botteme snd groves’ of Western Mia- sour! art Towa aud Fastern Koneas"and Nebraska, the morth of March finds them a!) very busy in gettirg possible order fur the en- provoking they may few years, The canseo, toe digs .on 18, from ce of silver aud gold Mipirg Wrougdout we ory. Tow eurplos 1 both cow sud oullon bas beep carried off by too sleady dreit for tbe parpoves of commerce, aud to ba ‘ove = far pow boing — targel siibeogh i in by ) to Fort Kearney and polots Tt ta’ much ‘travelled, both by emigrants to and Caliorwia, aud aicne used by the sanual Mormon expedition, whese proper sbarting point is, however, Florence, a town gome inree miles north of Omaha Tho old Mormon trail extends up the North baak of the Platte, after reaching the river and is vulformly followed by the ‘trains of the Latter Day Saivt?, a8 their leaders are al Ways anxious to avoid intercourse with Gentile travellers, the bulk of whom keep op she south bank, rt Kearney the carrylog trade to the gold ve gions follows 4 common track—tue great military road to Laramie vp to the Oaifornia or lower and u) crorsiugs of the South Platte. A better natural road not exiet anywhore ia the Cuited States. With the eresp- ‘ion of a few miles lu the meiguborhood of tho forkiny of the main Piate (nto @ North and Sous branco rons op through tho river bottome, the soil of witou ‘admixture of sani and gravol—jast bard and free from the tracted elects of reins. Althongh @ steacy ascent ‘akes placo from the Missouri river to tue fe so gracual as t) remain routes across the Pieins, aud ®! culens contipve in “port.” posive the Fort, cart, ox ahd mulw pecied to exceed une miliion, Toe excellent nateral ‘orth aboot 2b cents per pyi04 0 the Aroured bs Misouri river Ite export largely benefius the traotpor- ry out of thelr tents aad wagons, ia which they bad fouad the mountaing, impercephibie om all the bowbere more #7 than tn the Platte valley. atream bus to be ferded hotwoon Kearney and the cross ingr-diatamea, trom 160 to 190 miles from the former Here tho travel to the gold rogions eaves the military road, whieh continues acrass the South to the North Pietto, and Yeade op the former over sp anoint {indian war path to tne mouth of Beaver creek, 107 miles west of ipl traveliors ean either uke @ bew out olf to Denver o follow tho old track along the South Piatie, past Fremont’s Orchard to Fort &t Vrain (an absndoned trading post), and thenee down the thwesterly turn of the river to its janctioa with Cherry Creel, ov both sides of which the metropolis Of the gold Tegious exteuds The distaaeo over the former \# 182 and over the latter 220 miles from the upper ford of ihe South Viatte. From within thirty miles “4 i . ibe country west of the ereat Haina, The friegos | Brioitive couch and combing are looked upon as sup»riuities by genuine “bull wbaeker.” cooks only go thi Superficial Javetion of thelr digits previous to turing thees tho upper croreing. wwe berly, climes, demaltbough baying large ricens aro engaget th merchandising The ‘ading boane omor# them are saverat of the Arm) Somily, perbapa tho wcalthtert in New Mexico: Perea & Co, aad Josep that point to within forty of Denver, frequent deterts—at times only a few hondred yards and ageio many miles im width—{ntervene and badty obetract the passago of ail vebicles. The heavy freight wogons aro always o>liged todonble teara in order |. Which often lies several fect A tandy bolt, Indeed, neoms to stretch over tho entire length of the Plaine, from tho Upper Mi ourt down to Northorn Texas. bet reon the 1024 and 104th de- t least, more oF teas deep fend prevails within those limits on all the routes Avother common feature of the eoveral overland routes is the otter absence of timber, commencing at about 100 degrees and 30 minules wost longitade, and extending to | Ube west ior from 160 10 200 miles, Twe byis de vache, or, | lees elegantly ex reseod, tie dried Daflaio dang, is the only fue] on thors treeless, During the just two pears determine and continued efforts Lave beee mado by the peo City and other interes ed Kansas towort ert avd emigrants © the socalled Smoky Ail! roate,a — of the military road to Fort Riley, up the | » Kanses river of like name, cent explorat ons have & geod route prect) 1e Talug (bbe exp wt from tae Terrivory duriog the vo valontions of imports and export do rot dla the New Mexico [ t Ubrough i's san owe coder tern longitnde: fue ia trate proper of the groat Pleing he, as ro- rtion of this article, fallen off, de Dy Civitization upoa | But before the lepae of many minutes order comes ont of | Proper pisoe. At last the commander. chtef the xed redsking, ondnnt | to $0 cated reserves tp tho Iadiaa Torrit ry and artera too mucd to coptiove ther former traaing waya Mowt of them tave become famitiar with the rea) yelue of mercantile wares, Limit tue'r fing relations to Gertsin places and parties, hut fT they ean boy cheapest. Most of the forsaken stretches, ple of Leavenworth | nttract freignt- ing tuto the beat ys of activity. At What Ume thelr many starting? points from Drarlia cown to Mian vrt reveal 2 at * milar to tbat acoemppany ing tho vernal re@mption of stesmboating im the river cities of the Weat. ® (oat doring the winter stoo! on elevations, in ng sulld equares and covering acres of wW severally bavled forth, examined Wagon makers, saddier? aro kept Dusy day abd night of ualt abimels avo driven np from the prairies of tbe interior wd herded on the ovtelirts of the towns. ip dirty Duckekin, corcuro; Bat although re ‘the posstbility of 0 20n for the heaviest of fre: certainly more direct than ‘that ap ugh voat vailey, the very fact that to this tine, and human hebitation te found on the last four bea {ts prospeets, and will con. tinvo to do £0 netit the congtraction of the contemplated yailroad from Leavenworth up the Kansas valley to Fort dttiona! inducement for its {poise and bustio | rarified attmeoepnere io bia cars long before the caravan. the Platte thr has not beeo it foolish and reck!o=# lew of it, has damage Riley shall bave added an more geveral adoption. The Utah carryirg trade passce over the castern branches of the Platte ronte to their janctton at Fort Kearney. Thence tho greater portion of it keeps np (he south bank of the Platte to either of the cros®) aiter passing which it makes over the divide of tue wat irke of the river to its northorn one, avd then The Mormon clement, of dwilers now anousily distriaated r, met find tho'r | Tbe wares mostly in demant among the givager are ane po reg tal MY Wasa A > lcaa—com- mene banging about the street coroere and groge: Townrop the middie of Jane the pudlic thoroughfarce re somnd with the rnmbto 0! the clumsy, cumbereome “prat- rie schooner?,”” and. the violent vociferations of drivers, at with jond cracks from mig! NCD aud restive fr Frenchmen, and el every deseriptiog. Flour and bacon are also really sys ed OF ag agrisvltare is atlompied Op the smalicss the wita wives In exanange tie traters receive gold and silver, fore, dremeed shine, follows this to Port Laranite, as slveady mentioned, usnally contiaues course up the north bahk of the river to the samo potat up the south bank of the creek. At thin polot it Both roads then north fork to the month of crosses over to the north bank, which !t keeps turongt: tho Rattiespake Mountains until itstrikes tho Sweetwater, through the South Pass, it chang» its here- ofore northwesterly to @ southwesterly course, across Green, Diack and Bear rivers to Fort Bri ace tw the different Mormon cottlomenta. The length of the rente ranges from eleven lnundred to twelve hundred aed Oity miles, according to the location of the starting ‘The roai is good, save many barren, sandy spots on itz The great number of forcings from the South Platte crosein cs al! the wey out likewise obstruct the progress of trains in rainy seasons = Wood | com atively wore plentiful thea on both the rootes to New ico and the Pike’a 'eak country, » the gold regions bave ali mate two trips doring the present season, exch of wiiich copcupied from To Salt Jake, however, outy It is made in from renoy tbe Aborigines are to bo procared. ian av villiog bo ita. lo upon, worryiog distil spt to produce spything Toe sbapelcss, perforated sioucked hats; she full grown, opkempd chevelures aad boards; the ragged of the towns, apd coevealcnt a to food, water and fuei) until! the train is com A few days are ten dover. ed ib cam) to the last preparations for the trip the hetgnt attained by the new crase warrantiog 2 the order of march t* given, and the caravan diese prairies it ‘= to tra. thirts aud inexpreamibice (conte are eutircly oat of place om the Plains), °ud, above ail, the thick eucrustativus of eweat aad dust, ovidently of many days, staading oa thelr hands and faces, will Laruiy tiokle hia sense of the beaa- tiful. As to Jooks, jadeod,” Mississipy we dandies Compared wita those of the prairie oe | pred 5 A few pounds ho soem ingly hav ye i on Ne ‘ettern portica. The coantity of furs and drerset deor, elk and antelope Phy eae trace inciailen anda ball to two miles per hour, and from fifeen to wed west of the Rocky %. tweuty miles per day. Wuen tne road ig heavy, either from rain or sand, tuck (ese is made. [uo dies lavoes travebied have to depend very frequeatly on tao pee J of saitable camping places The wagon row! 24 is hip revck, These threo articles fornt, lthobe aiice quct non of prairie wesoling ni travel havo been opaned of water conrses or as the surface uf t2¢ eo1n- aiaty to seventy five days Le one png res Z their divsnal movoments im advavee, Leur bo them a the character wy would allow. Yet, although tue groutees care was taken to take the toveral router come to to the reqmired stepdad, it was ofien found impracticable to trace tho £9 a8 to piace tbe temporary want of gome of the above slements beyond oll poseibillty reat Arkarses,or Sania ¥o route—the first trail e Plaine ever followed by vehicles—is acd has # been the scle chapsel throng) whieh all the ear. trade briween New Motico, the Indian trading porte Hey and the Kast passes 1 weet of the town of W gf marly due south for ee Je goutb Cf wort at a gradually thercasing dis: ance from the *meky Holo Fi Kans forovgn Couneit Grove (415 miles trom the towerae tho Arkaueas, te great its northern bank at ud fifty mile from Kansas city. bend, the rowd crotes the river near %, aud, bearing Ge Cirrsmon ‘an hour oF 20 of te meriaiag, tho train is brought to o Stop, alter turing a Little of the road. i known to be cuobtainadie bofore ng, that indie- pensable nocessity was brought 10 the caske Yhat every wagon carries. Tho aulmals being ape hitohed to prone, the men quietly await their din- ner, ‘Tho preparation of tute often sorely puscles Tho cocks in Woe timbertess regione, if the inada shoud be too heavy 0 a!low the carrying of oniy resort then isthe “butlwo te and Utah, the prinsipal trading posta being loogied in clove proximity to tha several routes to those regions. ‘Thore in the pper M!ssouri country otain the't goods by water; heuce are tho most favored among the morchente of the Matas as to choapnces or expodiviouscose of trans ly augmenting number of mail and ewpracs sta Vuited States post ollices, trading | rapebes, iackstaita shops, \ Vewk and Uta, bas donee the he!plessness experienced in former daye vy freighters and emigrants in case of accidents. 4 THE GREAT PLAINS. re af meh from that in West as the Iije of In- and navigators from that of regular seafarers, There ig indeed #0 much origiuality and freshness, £2 much ‘the romantic and adyontarou#, in the experience of those that anvoaily make the great prairice the eceor of their woes and joys, that the reader may not be ungratefal for tho following description of ite many imtoreeting peca on the ronte to Pike's ay, to @ great extont, with "al metres, con bend of onion it rite on the Pisin di the reltled sootiws of | vcenes of Ue Morning Are once more gone i follows up for stance, | Cromsug tho right, the road Jan river, creases posers over to the valley of 7 its bod waters, act, altor Wworbing Kort Daion, leads over one of the southern spurs: ci tbe Kocky Moupta'n? junio the Ro Groade ‘Tho entire distance frou Westport to dante Fe}. aboot 700 miles, and is menrurcd by frevght trates im [roa forty ‘abd in from thirty io forty. | The axiom that “in vulom there is atremgth’” 1s strlotly tents intertere. acted upon by tho overiand freighters. Considerations of Toutual protection and assistance prevent them from sending out single wagons. They are always combined into trains compr'ving from a dozen toas many as neventy- fivo, and at times even a hundred vehicles; twenty-dve ix, however, the number usually composing a train. The vehiclee aro vot of @ xntform description. The time-honored contrivances, still mostly in use, consist of | & afonr wheeled body, mado in the most substantial manner, and carrying a boge box, of a tapering-shape, mech like a feet tong at the top ani twolve at ido ant five feet high. Tho whole is surmounted by # ¢ouble cover of sheets of omaburg, Testing on a Succession of bows, tures, faect.ously denominated “ prairie echoone made to carry from five (0 seron thovrant ponnls each, Of late a amalier kind of rehiclo, nearly like the ordinary farwcrs’ wagone, wave boen largely employed. as to their reepective preferablencss creatiy differ a the Sreigtiors. ‘The draft animale ic most general use at thir wowent | Ip their selection more attention is, of conres, pald to strength of body than purity ef blood. Such stock te promiscnousl!y raised im large oambers al! over Mot of ii te grase fet, nud to Biiy days tn returning, provided reed 9 broad. the wagon 4 » width nearly all the way oat— wilerab! meoth ad dry, With the exception of some sanie stretches cn the Cirramon river, and some heavy asnec is Just defor: parting imto the ic Grande valley, Grase ts pleoti'o! ana water !ikewime, barring the Diams along the Curcamot aud Canadian, the desort like character of whieh her brought many a pon New Mex ¢ With the Pike's Peak region ie not, lise that with Now Mexico, condned to a single change!. sh over Ue Soutners ot Santa Fe route, That portion of tt that oes the former, instead of keeping the Ganta Fe alter it turns ef the portbers bark bere and Pans | rest the reture trips catered foutinies up coe | the betiom, four feet w of that river past the > exiled Big-The.- Papi's Port, ts with .s a few taller of ue base of ‘Thore immense siruo- of : nerth reackes (exver ity, alter paesug crer the high ridge ¢ivising the waters of the South tte from these ef the A’. ancae arco trem the Miesouri river, over the Arka wnver, is from 670 to 7 nearest way of rosching ti nh toines apd towne, and its excelleaco tor the and tperty transit of fraight trains is undeniable, ve Vike’s Rewke trade bas thus for is back. , Clider case the bands get whatever havo earn] ea on the frat trip, "Nee & Alchough it it Sho tmportatic from frontier ‘owns porth of the pratrion of the border. unaccustomed to avy kind of sheler—two most qualities while doing frelohting service on the Misia ‘Their work ‘@ herd ard treatment bad; and hence tke the stage Loreen of Eastern cities, they are s20n used ap, Two reasons ar. 0!) they are expected t go torough. {there they are Axed up for the beef market. used for palling Beary toads optlet of the Seta Fs roe, and that find the Nortern or Piatte route shorter, Iad.aa depredations along the Upper ark: , bas found tte wey into their pockets yansas bad don etprt ded Pir with directing tbe trewpor'Rtios bosivers to tue Htattc ‘ite Piatte ronte bas ag Mauy castern ramifsstions av there tre cutfitting and startiog pointe north of the ‘Thoy severally terminate ia Teavenworth Horses aro eetdom Cop of rictons itvieg. {s happeas to most canes Vas | tind themsc!voe stripped of tne fraite of thelr labore privationg af mowtb®, aad once more obliged ty or ftarve sively employed, of endoraves. AB fire yoke of oxen cost no wore op the frontiers than one pair of gord the United Biater roverument (tm the transpertaten of military stores) aud the wealtoier among tbe frmighwrs. find an object im making nick trips, ow afford Joseph. coovergr at & point oa); the Biesourt river: and the wavel Leavonworta to Fort Kearney. & vorthwcetern direction, across a goodiy namber of Pre gee ABE Ptrearme that waver * si A LIBANED OF 100 ra dem IE REE Kee And Cropees a corsiderabie tribatary of the Kaw rivor—-ant, parsing Tittle Biee, follows it up um withte about Wty miler from Fort hcarucy, when it takes & sortherly turu over the divide of the watert of tue Matte aod Kanene. tad reaches tho Platte rivor and the rosd from Plattsmouth and Nebraska City some twelve snes his side of Fort Kearney. “net taken te the 15th of October, (a the Ie of November “ynerters are UBiversally cocupied. i tua ieee ence. Over one huptred and elzty theessa! eaces of the Big Btuo— land transportation butinest proved mo cary matter. Similar tok braving nover been undertaken, all guidan: for the investigation wae weutiog, aod the scattered acter 0! the fonrees of inormmtion—from Ploronce, 7, down to Wentport, Mo—etill incrosred the tending dienties, Absolute oomptetences is, ¢ not claimed for the sabjized etatiationl tabi bab ever bas beem given i# takoo from the books of boraem: ever to the valley cf One teameter for cach wagon ie attared to the tra’ Under Wis charge there )# ene yoke of oxen or ope pair of mules for every thouend | pamnde of freight. Trom four to ten oxtre bands furtier accompany each clot amd Go All Work pot stect ly coming within the provinen of the driver One or more ve called moss WagODS, carrying Cooking and eating obeat\ls, ond tbe provisions respectivelypliowet to ihe ae. ‘veral mesees into which tho crew” of the train is di- vided, sivo form part of the cortege, under the spectai sa- Perinieptence of am ¢qual number of Cooke, whore duticn aro confined to the gratification of etomaehial cravings. The whoie—drivers, cooks, extra baede, oxen, mules and werone— is acer tho tupreme command cf the ‘wa. fon oF tratnmaster’’ and bis aseietant, both of whom are veate’ with aulbority a plenary as that sceordod to officers of vesre’s at soa, Sometimes the own. cr8 Of the traneported goode who then exercise the functions of a sapercargo, travel with the tralne, but Wave Lhe dircetion of thelr movements to the train maa- Anothor roat some. ‘by freighters Leavenworth with Fort way of Fort Riley, there being !itile dif ference a tbe distance, ween 808, trvia, 10 Bi possible v the Platto river Dulkiieg LaToware, todas, iquors, migrants from Fastern ances some Tew other articles havo always the geveral anxioty Cecager- age and Utah trate, the trarepert'rg husinom o9 transacted partly by the tradors thenrelvee, aed partly oy persone that devote thetr fimo, Ider and capital eolely to she carrying trade proper. The eyu'pricnt of traius requirer| ‘& Targe outiny of cap" idle for one aif of every yoar, #0 that tradere Gad berdiy Hees profitable to par freight and torent meave In Mercban dieing. than # do tholr own the saving Often Coming wort of the expense and the of interest om the capita! represented vehicles Fr i z i = 2 a 2 | i | ' { pearly all Deca ieporte?, atout two mi Lous aad five hee: the to de sold | provioud to the retorn of Lhe wars geacon aba promt of rt i SF of 3 +4 if 35 ‘The taek tmepored wpon te letter w by no means an henee great care t# taken in thelr reloction, they baye all deen for tone of voars ianro! to the dim. cultion, hardships and dangers of freighting on i> Pia! as. Lavery tem eeummenoed their carcor ar lowly | amd sagceeded, by long and faithful services _ Cis al bas exolanituty 4 overland traasportation of! ebrivk feom e Ogbt; they are experts in the use of bowtg Bu ‘e and revolver; they are often guilty of barbarous ty, is personneb pring upon the Piaius, Oa the first day of the Journey & fe€ miles ouly are generaily made, in order to have time acquaut meo ani animais with ibolr respective davies. Bat t) from regular routine of freighting life is strictly enforces, ong before daylight Srery Inorg the wi camp te wards, cl rest from the fstignes of the precedia; ‘ tu Potwoen sising end breakfast is devoted $08 4 be, stiffened by the barduees of thole Drimitive couches. ‘Thete toilet is goon made. Fy § 5a ib doughy depths, The preparation of the morning or any ovher repast does pot tax their time or eullaary ac- Complisaments to ap uneeurl extent Bread daked In Sand preguated with a suporavuudance of saleratus, tied rice aod beans, fried bacon, aan, perbaps, apples, form, together wits ‘iapjacks, gad 20 andes — Anablo concoction passing for coffee, the ‘simple, uavary> ing bill of fare, + we | i cakiaat being oompleted—the do: irle carpet ropresenticg the table cloth ana. dirty toe the dishaeee the command of the wagon mastor to “drive up" ia beard, ‘Tho Veameters wil sally out to assist tho night borders in . geiling the apimals within toe e:!\pti oa) eno'ogure donoml+ pated *‘corral,” nightly constructed out of the wagons,witht an opening at one end, The quadrupods deing all between the vehicles, ‘are stretoved acrva the tne Yet, and alt ee work saddling, yokipg, chaining. For « short time the ulm st and confusion thea predominates. The drivers jorth oaths and curses iw forious snsecesion, Thotr Inshes, fists and fee: belabor the antmals most mercilessly. In | rotnra the mules rear and kick,and the oxen bust and — bak. Distrested braying aud lowtng souad on alt sides, ‘the chaos, and cach of the condicving elements Anas itd Sign ef readiness by mountiug his mule, and before sans vp the whol ‘the Caravan i¢ moving aiong the road. Whoever bes journeyed over the Pains will readily aa Krowlecge thet the grandest sights wo oe enjoyed ares bvffalo berd Dying from buvters and fretgot traina ia fal> motion, When the traveller is yet afar off, the approach of the traice is reveuied in an unmista%eable manner, Should tbe wind carry the sound to tbe right direction, airing ane Creaking of the wagons, the re: f cracking Whips, and the invessant “*gee-00"s”” of the teamsters wili be carried through Et ligelf wii! bo-st upon bis vision Hayiog neared within 8 few mNe*. she train rises gradually into sight, juss a6 thipsappess to cworge from below the horttua, The whole being in view, the shipiog white of the covers and the bultiike appearance of the wagons produces ® striking semblance to a ieet sailing, with al! eaavas® spread, over aseemirg tea On pearing ftill closer he will iret come up with tee tramtoas or, wDo always keope a mile or 60 abead of CATAVGN, Pre examining the condision of the road, owt for camping places, Kc, Ks , and slag the imme- te charge of whe train to his dasistant, Next be will tthe carriage of the proprietor of the cargo, shoud he scvomyauy tue train, and, dosily, the sluggish, tardy je of “prairie schooners” will pase before ain Tho close review will conviece him at onco that “digs tareo lepcgenchantment to the view.” Tho main tures 01 the aspect—pantiog, melanenoly oxeu, aud the rdest ooking specimens of humanity he ever Ei ? ‘The trains in gotoy ont move at the rate of froma milo i overy tuch of the ground, can al Iu the forenoon, after journey ig ubtil the sun is within poppy of fuel, Tae ips,’ im the frantio fearch of which they have to pet out with bags 8 soon ‘n# the train bas come to a li: Bet oven this faile ag ‘ime, when tho meres have to conteat iheasetves with ces of raw bacon and Oread. ‘The dinner beiog eaten, the crew, with the exception cf the berders, sicep away tae hot yoou hours At two. © clock The wagon master again rouses the camp, aad io fore three o'clock the tre'u i+ on unti the different night wat shes aud herders appototed; the) upper cooked and ewallower; the ploes ; be cident: of this and othor ‘wrneye disonsacd: and as ocieck all those who nreexeaps from might datics pore In Morpheus* arms ‘This is the daily rau of the freightor’s life. The diversidea ion of tta dull rotation is aa ovcaional © tement enpp sed or actoal ricimty host Je Indians, , Bot least, the terror meer—the of thetr animals. This Voo—the resuit of Indian attacks F causes of sudden bappens - oe bours, and not seldom ri wooks, often bot partially Soecesefal attempts qcaviog & shone of humatnan of tales over topeetanrat tote regione. ip moeh better tyne Teak and Salt Lake (reignters : compeiled to entirely ciopty, usually conple two of thetr wegons end] lave them puiled by ope team, while the other is riven along. Going in, at times, toils worso oxen then ¢o'pg ont, ag thoy endure hard work fast travels - Arriving 19 port. the caravan ielther digeolved by ng tnd paying Of the men, atowing away tht wa. charg!ng gons an@ecnair ; the animals out om pasture, or the Tecctves & Scoon@ load aut at once wrped reine, mac wl perr iste! . ites cot bere aiers vever rest mnt)! at lonet a orton of the vietin’s ‘ter wasbiag, shaving aod Groen ag the Jacks” of Prairies proceed to have & wig ov! tins oa benders, intensity of which is orly equalled by wore m: Jove to indulge ip Oo retorming from whackers” bah nese e° vulgar phyeic providence. The first det o'vilined surrowocinge apintirrapted debaarlery, and ator on Tie annnal ting reason bot peldom extends TV. -STATISTION The collection of correct figures tn relation to the d hence cav be relied OM as oorrect. In the New Mexico as weilas the Pike's loa, (ndiee| which har necessarily to remain Seures roder th a! rotcot oranot of thet Line hae been ie Svea two ee, nambern bave given, to