The New York Herald Newspaper, August 6, 1860, Page 8

8 AMERICAN SCIENTIFIC ASS0CLATION. | Geseral Sessions at Newport City. THIRD DAY. Newrort, August 3, 1860. ‘The Association met, pursuant to adjournment, at ten elock this morning, The meeting, as customary, was Deid in general session before dividing into sections. After the reading of the minutes, a report from the Manding committee was read, explaining that in reference to the proposition to appoint a permanent officer to saper- amtend the railway allairs of the society, it would be un- ‘eoessary todo so, a8 there was already existing @ com- walttee fully empowered in the matter. NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, AUGUST 6, 1860. remaining, DAMmE!Y, Y a4 the meta iB question existed ip geoeral diffusion the ocoan at the Lune of the depo- sition of tho stra’, aud that they were precipitated by some causes COD with the formation of or with the ¢?anges in chemical character underwent ‘fer weir deposition. We shall a therefore, sat aalte of lead, zinc and iron were present in the ocean, and it is possibie that ine have been pre- sent ever since the deposition of the first sedimentary strata, although concentrated ia larger quantity in the Tegion im question than im other districts. However, theee metals were ‘sul. phurets, and in that form only, for we have shown that let the combination of the with sulphur was io all casce in the lead region, the only one po gen stted. Sulpburetted b; ig the only agent capable of precipitating the from their solution in the form of sulphurete, Professors and Biake favored the igneous theo- The Secretary reported that the following gentlemen Bad ‘deen recommended by the Standing Committee for membership — Ae regular members—Lieut. ©. B. Comstock, United Bates Navy; Dr. F. V, Marissa), Fall River; J. @. Aina- worth, Barre; Norman Kastman, Fall River; M. D, Con- way, Cincinpati. ‘As associate members—Ceo. T. Hammond, Newport; B. A. Lilsbee, Salem; Scott Russell, Jr., England, Colone) Foster moved that Professor Agassiz be invited to read bs paper on the arrangemen) of the Museum of fom parat.ye Zoology , at Cambridge, but the learned Pro fessor oot Laying arrived, on motion, the association ad- yourned, .ud reassembled in sections. YROCKEDINGS OF SRCTION A—NATHEMATICS, YHYSICS AND CHB. ISTRY. On this eection coming to order, Professor Wi)liam Thadwick was elected Chairman of the day.* Iw consequence of the indisposition of Professor Bache, Rie paper on declinometer observations made at Girard Dolege, in reference to the influence of the moou on the magnetic declinst.on, was postponed. Professor W. B. Rocers proceeded{with his paper, expia- matory of somo interesting experiments in regard to bino- gular vision, This was one of the most able and intensely doteresting papers of the session, and the erudition and re- earch of this distinguished scientific gentleman were ever ured with better effect. The subject of binocular vision, be said, had been frequently considered by emi- physical, metaphysical and pent men in all ite prilosophica) relations. Sir David Brewster bad made very extensive ‘nvestigations into the sub- ject, and he shows that binocular visions are wecesearily performed by a cumulative process, in which the axis of the two eyes are extended over the whole ob- ject at once. From some simple experiments which he pad made, he had found reason to question this theory of Brewster, Brickey and others. The Profeesor then men- tioned a number of experiments in proof of the fallacy of the doctrine of successive combinations, Some of these experiments were very simple, and had for their basis ‘the convergence of lines and figures as seen in a stereo- . if the theory of Brewster is to be carried out, it would be necessary that the eyes should have a central action. Lieut. Hewt corroborated the views of Professor Rogers, and stated a case where, in looking through a lattice at a ‘warn door, at a short distance of it, it appeared to him ‘that there were two doors to the barn, whereas there was butone in reality. This was entirely a mental process, but the two figures were indelibly fixed upon the retina of the eye as if they really existed. leyRY also made some remarks on the sub- juded particularly to the extraordinary per. the memory in affirming that the same result ous. jor Lecomre and President Hitt also offered some interesting observations; after which Professor Roars added some practical observations on the uses of the stereoscope, one of the most important of which s ts application to the detection of spurious bank otes. If two notes made from the same die, engraved precisely alike, with all the letters and figures of the Fame size, be p 4 in a stereoscope, they will unite to- gether and be perfectly smooth and straight; but if one Of the notes should not be so perfect, if any of the letters es be ever 80 mnin ditt equences will be that a very nl the letters would he ragged regiment of Fualst onclusion of his paper, the y Professor W. D. Wr the Hindoo Astron r was to show that the a Hindoos was not 80 2 and that ir t was not older “the period = of Chrictian era, The Hindoos, no doubt, der astronomy ks, but were not content, the Arabs, to worrow and adopt, nfess their borrowing, but they Todianized the whole system, giving new names and establishing new combioatious, In regard to stellar eld that there was an They held the ox: hich they gave independent They aleo had Weir ideas on the aetronomy, the A den tb. Coaxtry, of Hagerstown, Maryland, ¥ whe ible, of the Hi because Eratost re the beginning of the ye itdown that the ( ¥eaid the period could got be fixed wor Harwos alluded to certain expressions in the . gest the earth upon # badan exact kno aad he thonght it nether the astronomy of P our own. nof anew kind of elect t atmoapherical, which are seen truments of observers, are phenomena of They do not spring from the atmosphere bet earth. If @ kite or a balloon be sent up it will cise a powerful sperk of eleetficity. The earth is al ways negatively electrified. The Professor explained a r of experiments in proof of his theory. 6 on sources of error in the employment of picric 10 detect the presence of potash, and on a series of combinations of ammonia, picric acid aod metallic by M.C. Lea, were presented by Professor B. Si: acid t ew , SP The object of the first of these papers was to show that picric acid is not a reliable test to discover the presen of potassa, (rom the fact that 1s forme a similar precip: tate with ihe salt of soda, ammonia, &o., and can oaly employed (n analytical chemistry and with the greatest precaution by the moet ex} persons. The second paper was a continuation of a former memoir by the same author, and was published in Sidli- man’s Journal in November, 1868, and treated of a variety of chemical combinations of suiphur, copper, Rocens bj of deposits, and the latter cited several facta in proof of his views. cranes See ee ettrerted the nection, on the proposed arrangement of @ firet class mu- seum of comparative zoology at Cambridge. He began by explaining the nature and uses of a museum of the extent of the one proposed, and said that it was intended to exhibit the progress and condition of science, and ! layge amounts of money will be needed to move Corn aed aE eae ee eee wore pov ek, | tbe crops, and the steady flow of bullion to Europe, be required to bring out the results it should be the bounden duty of bank panagers at ae. Seth the GO sad wees are well | the present time to pursue @ conservative course. oon br ese mate | It was by departing from this safe rule, and axpand- the Sheer vations, the provable error ot ® pineie computed | ing twelve millions in July and August 1857, that the servations gave x1.37, from more than twice the number | banks got themselves into a position frem which mon of So that the Philadelphia results aro | ney could not escape without disgrace. Itis the Mr. E. H. Hitencock neat earnest hope of the mercantile community that they will not repeat the error this year, but that, discussion, but no taught by experience, and remembering the duty z “Modern Warfare—Iite 8c! and Art. Bray, ery they owe to merchants, they will pursue such a Host, wl it members ef the sseociation | course as will leave them free to be of some ser- bers ted visit to Fort Adame, on the | yic on jum, the officer ia charge, This bog their customers in October and November fortification is well known aa belug one of tbe strongest constructed in this country, Roose oy ghd . Money has grown rather dearer since last week. tp ome Tis place | Rates are 5 a6} per cent for call loans, with ex- ceptions at 4 a 44 where the lender seeks the bor- rower, and where the securities are of the highest are very interesting, the traditions’ of therefore ita yr apee re should be conducted upon strictly scientific principles and by the aid of modern art. ‘Hie own experience had taught bim that his mode of ar- rangements the insight of things which he ‘ned during his laborious investi- tions, He alluded to the fact that eigbteen months -. - Pe Gray, an Pa paper Peano gave Cyst for the purpose of & zoological museum at Cam- br i ‘This gum had been found to be cient for e necessities of Buch an institution, and a subscription list was accordingly opened in Boston for the pur- pose of raising additional funds with which to prosecute the enterprise, and he was bappy to say that, in @ compa- ratively brief period, the sum of $75,000 was collected and added to the $60,000 given by Mr. Gray. bmp ey Legislature of the State made riation of $1 ‘or the same purpoee, which ed the whole amount to $225,000. wiht fund to with he would be able to give his plans an indefinite extension, and he hoped to anaiat in forming a mugeum which will be unsurpassed by any in the world. One tenth part of the building has already been |, and many of the sections arranged. The principal study to which the museum would be devo- ted would be comparative zoology, and every animai, birdifand ineeet would be 20 exhibited as to sinplify the science to the inquirer. He thought that the methods now in use for the of museums was singuler- ly onfortunate. The pow used are antiquated, and a a, 4 agsiet the Da dagg weno of pegeme je was led to the changes wi proposed e by the following reasons:—That the museum might show what science bad accomplished in the past, and what it is pertorming now; and also to demonstrate the affinitics which exist between the various sciences. He alluded to the arr it of the Jardin des Plants in Paris and the British Museam in London— where the galleries extend for fully a mile, and raid that \t was bis opinion that such extensive arrange. ments rerved more to confuse than to help the research of the student, The question was the adoption of the best means for combining science and its requirements; and as be wes not one of those who desired to cast away valu- able collections which had been brought together in many years—to tear down rather than to build would ‘use his best efforts for the advancement aci- ence. Everybody were aware of the plan governing these museums; but he would take care to have it go ar- ranged that at tbe entrance of department there ehal) be a synopeis of the science for public information. The sides of the museum sbould bit the four grand di- visions of the animal kingdom, articulated, vertebral, mammalial and ‘molluscal. He would have epecimene of every animal in the world, according to their ical ions, a8 well as representations of the animals which bave lived in ages past, fossils, &c. He was of the opinion that prospects were very encouraging. Means were flowing in as fast as he could consistently expend them, and the museum already stood in about the ninth rank similar institutions in the world. The British Museum about 6,000 diffe- rent varieties of animals, the Jardin des Plant and the museum at Cambridge 8,000, illustrated by 40,000 specimens. remarks of Professor Agassiz ceived with much approbation. A paper was read on the ‘“ of Western Ameri- Profestor ca,’” by J.S. Newnerry. This was a deecrij Vion of the surface of the morthern fon of the conti- features of novelty. nent, but did not contain a pecul! ‘The paper also alluded to Sppearances of the land in New Mexico. ‘The tection then adjourned. AFTERNOON SESSION, SECTION A. Prof. B. A. GowLp preeented and read a paper from Dr. C. H. Smallwood, of Canada West, on the ‘Solar Eelipse of July, 1860." The paper was interesting, not from the ad- vancement of any new theory, but for the valuable infor. mation .t conveyed and the collection of reliable observa- tions made during the eclipse. Prof. £. B. Hust gave a deecription of a new portable coffer dam for foundations under water. The peculiar Features of this invention is in the use of pliable and im- penetrable coating in the place of puddling. The arrange- ment of the frame is similar to the adaptation of t ordinary coffer dams. It ie also considered superior be- may easily be taken to pieces. ection then adjourned. SHON P. made gome remarks on the distribution of with note’ opon remarkable gold speci- mone from Georgia. Prof. Dxx. Winson then addressed the section on the “ Ethpologioal Value of the Im tat ve Faculty in Relation to the Characteristics aud Ancient and Modern American Races.” | FOURTH DAY. Newror The agsociation met at ten o | the hal! wae crowded to ¢: \mong the latter we of} There baving been three or four papers left over from the programme of section B yesterday, which bad not anced for discussion in genera) session, Dr, Moumis, of Baltimore, drew attention to the fact, and ted the Chairman's decision, who eaid that the de ferred papers would take precedence of the programme of the day Dr. Baxnet complained that two papers gent in by him bad been entirely neglected, He wae eorved the same way at Springteld last year. Ruled out of order The follow tng gentlemen were elected associate mem. bers:—Samvel Miller, of Rochester, and Dr. Jabez Upham, of New York. Arthur W. Wright, of New Haven; Robert H. Lambson, of Philadelphia; Dr. De Witt C. Morgan, of Baltimore, and Thee. D. King, of Montreal, were unanimously elected veral members. Mrs. Dr. Howe sent in a letter inviting the members of the aseociation to visit Lawton’s Valley on Monday even- ing to take ten. ap of Professor Rocsrs, the invitation was ac cepted. 1 was resolved that there be no afternoon seseion to- day, to allow the members to accept the invitation to visit Fort Adams: and also that there be no afternoon ses- sion on Monday, so that the members might bare time to pay their visit to Mrs. Dr. Howe. Tofeaeor AGasaz delivered the Bret paper of the morn- » August 4, 1860. k this morning, when @ by ladies and gentlemen. the Hon. Stephen A. Douglas and w York. been anni cobelt, cadm.um, chromium and manganese and .rop alta. ‘The same gentleman also read a short paper on the combustion of wet fuel, showing how great economy could be carried out in the adoption of a new furnace in which fuel could be burnt. This would be of par- ticular it to the southern sugar properties, where £0 much fuel was necessarily consumed. This led to a discussion among the chemica! professors, & report of which is only t for the recognized transac- ons of tho ansociation Profesecr C.W. Hackuay was the next who read a paper, on the theory connected with the solar . This involved very lengthy and abstruse , ACCOM jed by plans and diagrams, which render it almost Eeporapie to condense the Professor's views. His leading object was to show that sudden atmospheric changes, accompanied by sickness, which have never been accounted for, were caused by the ejection of some kind of matter from the sun. He gave & variety of calculations and observations which be bad made on the subject, and said that he only brought it forward to elicit the attention and considera tice of other gentiemen. He had found that whenever Ubese spots on the sun most plentifully there were alw den changes in the weather, accompa- Bied by sore throats and otber sickness. He thought al that the aurora borealis was cause! by the matter pro polled from the sum, and made it appear that the open: Inge through the luminous envelopes of the #uv were pro duced by this ejected matter This led to a lengthy discussion, in which several gen- tlemen participated. Professor Mrtcust, of Nantucket, stated a curiour fact in connection with the subject. He said that, although be nfither endorsed nor opposed the theory of Professor Hackiey, be would & fact that perhaps was not kpown to any one in m but himeeif, The sammer Of the yoar 1816 was the coldest that was over experi enced, and at that time (he spota on the sun were so nv merous that they were remarked by the people in the sire The atmosphere was always particularly hazy of emOKY, #0 that one could look up to the sun with the uaked eye. A controversy arose at the time in the pa- | pers at to the effects of the phenomenon. There was ice every month of that year. He stated this as one of the weet curious facts La counection with the ibeory of solar te The section goon after adjourned. NO# OF RECTION B—NATCRAL MRTORY AND GROLOWT. tom, om coming to order, elected a chairman for and immediately proceeded to business. Professor J. 0, Wernwey read a paper giving am account of the ‘cad region of the Upper Mississippi, where be has Deen condeeting a geological survey during the last eighteen monthe. The object of the paper was to show the extent of the districts occupied by lead ores andgthe mode of their occurrence; and the Professor Ry pet fort a theory of their deposition, with refer. PRocert 4. i ; this region—ia absolutely out of the quartion. There if nota connection ‘With the oo turrence of the ore in district in question Sees wiob Ro militate tiferous : i ing. He said that the of natural science does not depend so much on accummlation of our informa tion as upon the method in which this information is considered and combived. In fact, the results of our studies are to be controlled by the methods of our iaves- tigation, and the results are only satisfactorily proved when they are found to stand the test of a careful criti- ciem. Unbappily for zoology, the devotees who apply themselves to its study are stil) lingering on the mere descriptive portion of the science. satisfy them. selves with describing that only which they see. They have wot yet been generally willing 10 sub- these facta and which to vigorous teste, dents have remained content with the descriptions alrea- dy given, thinking ay a and fame can be gained in that way. However this ‘might times, its not sonow. We want something more arrive at the foundation of exist’ between certam orders of plants, 80 that we may be able to test all the others in Togard to ther transformations and ~ tions, We can only do this by ascertaining Ube facts are eufficient to deal with these sabjects, there: fore a proper standard and test must be adopted. The plan aud strecture of vertebrw then occupied the alten- tion of the Protessor, These, he said, had been fully esta- Diished. It was the fortune of a German zoologist first to show that the vertebr are built upon a distinct plan. It was also shown by Goethe and others, whore poetic minds were touched by the force of the fact before many natu- ralists, tbat the vertebra are built upon a plan #0 diffs. rept from all other animais that there is 00 generic coa- nection between them. In order to be transmutable or derivable an anime! must have some analogy and affinity to other animals, Sauvigny first investigated this interesting subject, and noth: but his blindness prevented him from ing it The backbone was the most remarkable feature of the vertebre. Pro- | {ospor Agassiz then passed on to explain the nature, form, babive and structure of @ variety of i |, Sea stars, anemonee, ‘kc., whieh be illustrated by riugh drewines on a backboard. The inouths of these polype, be showed, Wert situated in the centre of a mass , united by their amaller ends. Was the mouth of these | ‘animals to be considered the anterior part of the body or | not? He said not. The mouth of theee animals could not ‘at al) be compared with the mouth of animals of a bigher — order. The paper was a very imteresting one in al, ite bear ngs. Professor Agassiz concluded by etating that it is hie (n- tention to the ecience of zoology to such @ ‘that there wi ® regular and fixed standard by which to jodge of all animals, and any one name and poy a ‘not seasingty ne with that must ve opinions unhesit rejected. a sack othe io he ObgerYN an “Prine 4 om of tbe Tides at Van Reumelner Harbors? ta the SS command of Dr, KE. K. ane, Un! Nav 34, "65, pow he pt a by Cuties, ‘34, ‘66, from Coast Survey. [ isi 233 Pag 5 338 at ranitiie our Revolutionary history. Hunt, therefore, at Interest for the members | class; 5 a5} for frst class acceptances thirty a Coenen evo asd who were jurt | Sixty days; 6 a6} for firut clase double name ninety presen! th bk tain Hot , fe jonths’ paper; 6} a 7 for six ths’ Ray of c veewe ppg Mpeg retoiged a four m paper; 6} mont paper prep roa — i. pei hoe with two prime names; 748 for single names, cated. The members ot 4 the arieus section of ir 26. highest grade; 8 @ 10 for second class paper; 10a guoky ‘eazand in the clshovate mechaniom of oresjicn 12 a 15 for names less generally known. That AIL ber of the FeaceScsty. Why Tr oe of toe ar ea there is a hardening tendency in the market is questions which takes refuge in the cavernous g) obvious; but there is really so much wealth in this i | lies. He then made 5 5 pr rae geval reece on the late teride ware country and in this city, and there are 20 few io India, ‘massa. a eater nations in Syria, and passed oa to consider the | °"terprises at work which consume large amounts favored position of our own natioa, in being spared | of money, so few heavy borrowers and 0 little the necessity of mingling in such sanguinary games. He | railroad building, that it is difficult to bring oneself to look for anything like severe stringency in the market for some time to come. By did pot think, however, that because blessed with peace that we can wisely assume selves a perpetual exemption from the evils ofwar. Our restiess energy and mitatiens and commercial y, together wie con- | and by, when speculation is more general, stitutional lack of national are elements pro- fide tn possible causes of future quarrel, and they ‘can | W2e2 People are baying enormous quantities of foreign goods on credit, and holding them for a profit; when our great railroad corporations have got huge floating debts again, and are borrowers at 2 per cent a month; when a few thousand more miles of railway are being built, it will be safe to looktfor an old fashioned squeeze in the money mar- by great habitual good sense and good feeling. Not long since a British peer declared us to be the most military nation on the earth. Indefensive war, or in resisting foreign invasion, this would avrg rg found to be true after same months of sbarp disaster schooled us; but he hoped and believed it quite untrue that we have ‘such ingatiable appetite for war so that we should it without just only be controlled in favor of cause. But tt it to be always preparea, and in order to be is eat ‘education sbould be greatly ex- | ket. But hardly till then. tended. Knowledge was never more truly powerful than Foreign exchange did not vary much last week. When developed in, the conduct of military affairs. War | we auote francs 5.13j @ 3 for 60 day bills, and 6.10) ter. The fabrication and service of its munitions call fur | for short sight. For bills on London, 109j for long He next alluded to the | i115, and 110} aj for short—the quotation in both cases being for first class bankers’ bills. There is ‘mater pO 4 tive skill, and. in the thorough training of the rank and | somefyood mercantile exchange in the market at file. Our military greatness should never be based on large Presa — ments, but should ren, 109j a 3, but it is not sufficient in amount to ratis- om military education wad national preparation. Thes! the wants of the bankers, and the monopolizing and theChicago Zouaves was then referred to, fy bi Spesmnte ut thas organization acd ton movements of the bullion brokers are causing not determina’ can effect. Capt. Hunt then spoke of military physics | 9 tittle embarrassment to the specie shippers. As and mechanics, rect’ instruments of war we have to cose yo Ay force, rie compared with previous years the rate of exchange chanism, and projectiles. G now rules a8 the | is low , 4 a male Toress. | Walls Eating May Over Stocks continued to move upward with a steady take the piace der, it has faults which may ve | * i remedied. the best oO Fr artil advancing movement till Thursday, when a slight . of Freach rists, has proposed to guard againet ine explosions by mixing sted powder with enough of Jest to fill the voids between the grains. Accidental combustion ‘would not then be explosive, but progressive. He looked check occurred. It does not seem to be expected that it will be permanent, though the leading street speculators have no stocks and are very anxious teen in “toe “iaye, wien nbs peoetate va tosee a decline. They argue that stocks have twenty-seven feet into wich marshes, carrying down | yisen 10, 15 and 20 per cent, and that, according to Sunt heelys Gomes a 1 declared hat 2 the law of ebb and flow, they should now fall other cou! science’ in . next duh te tae’ tae back. It may be observed that before they rose land and France for fortifying thelr coast. In coucls. 10, 15 and 20 per cent, they had fallen 20, 30 and sion, be said that siege and harbor warfare will beve to 40; so that if they are to become as valuable as Tiere Drommond ight arrange to tree the a they once were (and they cannot fail to do so un- rounding ¢ ground, or to ow the movements yet less the United States are on the decline) they are Sane weameroen with | only half way°on’the-retum trip. In 1855 and: nearly the same preci midnight as at noonday. This | 1856, New York Central sold at 105, Michigan Joeu os day work has Ton, econ mates tee anboPe: } Southern at 95, Toledo at 60, Rock Island at 90, modern arms and shells. He concluded his address by re- | Reading at 90, Galena at 110, Dlinois Central ferring to the history of Fort Adame, from its desi . 4 General Totten, and-ihe high orter ot masonry ‘which x | at 125. ‘The public seem to expect that was the meang of introducing into the works of the | we are going to deal in these properties at the old : Some Inereting digcssion fresed, after which the Lig — — if the roads earn as much as convent! ined to ten o'clock on Monday morning. | they did then, and have no floating debts, and all The whole company shortly after visited Fort Adams. the benefit of the economies of the A three years, ™ the thing seems quite possible. All experience proves that if speculation once gets fairly under weigh, no one can set any limit tothe movement of stocks; if the public go on buying as they are now doing, there will he twice as many buyers as there now are when prices are twenty per cent higher. New York Central has attracted bat little atten- tion of late. Comparatively to the Western etocks, it is selling low. The public do not seem to be aware that the causes which are increasing the value of the one must operate quite as effectively Scnpay, August 5, 1560. on the other, If the great harvest makes We shail probably be able to preseat tomorrow | Galena worth 15 per cent more than it was, the usual tables of the commerce of the port for |the same cause will produce the same effect the month of July, and we consequently omit to- | on New York Central. The business of the Central day our customary tables of last week's business. | has been very good all this year; this full it will The week was active both in the import and the | probably be the largest ever known. The recent export trade, though in regard to the former the its effected at Saratoga will make a figures fall behind those of last year. difference fall of half a million of dollars to the Thus far the autamn business does not quite fal- | Central, as much to the Erie. By and by the fil generalexpectation. It was supposed, when the | tide of speculation will probably strike these crops of the wheat were seen to promise solargely, | hitherto neglected stocks, and they will resume while the cotton crop held out equally flattering } their usnal prominence among the bulls and bears. prospects, that the importation of foreign goods Among the Western securities the speculative this fall would be the largest ever known. | excitement has affected good and bad alike. The The month of July did not confirm these | public seems to be ofthe opinion that while the anticipations. It is possible that many im- | former will be rendered still better by the harvest, Porters, taught by previous disappointments, | the latter will become worth something. The famous were unwilling to take anything for granted with | La Crosse land grant bonds have advanced from regard to the wheat crop, while others, especially | about ten per cent to twenty-six within sixty days. in the dry goods trade, were afraid of the general | Jt would be difficult for the speculators to say upon tendency, and deemed it unwise to increase their | what the advance is based. The Receiver reports, orders when everybody seemed likely to be doing | to the court which appointed him, that the road is the same. These causes may have operated to | q trespasser over_a distance of twenty-two miles— disappoint public expectation with regard to the | the company not having paid for the right of way volume of the July imports. It is, however, too | for that distance, and are liable to have their trains early yet to speak confidently of the fall trade. of cars stopped until it is paid for. The owners of We must see what August and the carly part of | the land are constantly threatening to stop the September will bring forth. Many expect that the cars, remove the rails, or otherwise abate the tres- entries of foreign goods this month will be by far | pass, unless they are paid their demands, which the largest ever known, and that the importations | are not moderate compared with the value of the of foreign goods will be carried far forward into | land, The title to the depot grounds and buildings the later fall months. If this be not the case, our | stands in Selah Chamberlain, and he claims to be importers will certainly win the credit of having } the owner thereof. The Legislature has passed a resisted the most severe temptation to which they | law requiring, under severe penalties, the road to were ever exposed. be fenced by the Ist of April next. This will There is nothing new with regard to cotton. Some } cost $70,000. No part of it is now fenced. stray bales of the new crop are finding their way | The eastern division claim to own the machi- into the brokers’ hands, while the remnant of the nery and equipments of the whole road. old is coming to market at the usual rate at this Judgment creditors and second mortgage bond- season, The foreign advices, though not very fa- | holders have filed their answers or cross bills deny- vorable to speculators, justify the belief that there ing the validity of the land grant mortgage bonds, will be, throughout the year beginning September | 700 000 of which were said to be fssued gratul. next, a healthy and stable foreign demand, at or tously ‘‘to conciliate certain parties,”’ $1,900,000 at near present prices, for all the cotton that can | go, for iron, at double its market ‘value, and be spared. Harvesting continues to be successfully } $1,500,000 at 30 per cent, which, at fis very low prosecuted in the West, and we have yet to hear | rate, produced more money actually expended for the first complaint of serious harm from rast or | or on the road than the earlier issues. Petitions to weevil in the wheat-growing countries north of the Congress are now being circulated, and, of course. 40th parallel. The reports from Wisconsin, which | signed by everybody in the great Northwest, pod are the latest to hand, are uniformly satisfactory; ing to have the grant of lands made to Wisconsin and the creditors of the Wisconsin towns are be- | for railroad purposes to be so modified as that the | ginning to hope that their debtors will soon begin | state may apply the proceeds to cancel the farm to think of retrieving their credit. A large quan- mortgages given for railroad stock, All their poli- tity of new wheat has arrived at Chicago, and is | ticians of every grade are pledged to bring this much admired. Next week the receipts will | ghout, if possible, and they will have in Congress agua ty quite considerable. More corm | the active sympathy of Eastern holders of farm an usual at this season is coming for- |} mort, Not an acre of land granted by Con- ward; the farmers are satisfied that th real yell been passed over gered Aven are going to have the largest crop ever grown, and | Railroad Company, or to the trustees of the land are fearful of a glut in the markets and very low ts. If thi licatio e prices. Unfortunately for consumers, the news from ie o% o eee * wry ot = Europe, in which every country except France is | wit) in the Matter—the lan b going to have a short crop, does not justify the ex- will have his bond, but n0 ian, or eee pectation that food will be unusually cheap daring With the same fatuity that often attends men in the ensuing year. : Our banks will probably show a decline of specie bees wpe ia ch Oh nal ead s ~on:speeedamag to-morrow. Without counting the shipment of yes- selves are quarrelling over acarcase which au terday, they have lost $2,300,000, by export, sinc | pave not yet obtained, nor is there any tinned the last average was made up. They received, on that they will do 80. They are pitted Thursday, nearly @ million from California, and “ ms oti cnaadbed tual enabiine ; have been receiving almost daily small parcels of gold have their ho he party from the South and the interior. But, on the other seth anon ate hore Mira hand, the West has been drawing upon us heavily to atanadiaraaniine cos the move the crops; #0 that it is fair to look for aheavy aay boule oe momen to! baci decline in the specie average to-morrow. The last facts, easily learned by pad ht oa roa average was $23,099,726, a decline of $343,918 from h bonds the week previous; at the corresponding date last | yh i Bentham toa f+ Meee mina year the banks held $20,083,877. It is hoped that | that there is no end to humbug and delusion in the the discounts may show a contraction to-morrow. | , ¥ Crome sad Considering the condition of the country, the pros- | in being deceived, or degerving themselves, about Pecte of am pgtive trade this fall, the certainty that ’ this famous road, The City Post Delivery. TO THE EDITOK OF THE HERALD. » New York, Angust 5, 1960. Reading in the Herarp to-day your’ remarks tion the Management (?) of the “City delivery” of the New York Post Oflice, 1 would state that @ letter directed to the peighborhood of Sixth avenue and Nineteenth street, and post marked July 31, reached {te destination, with telegraphic despatch, last evening, Auguat 4, at seven o'clock. A CONSTANT READER. FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL. cITy MMERCIAL REPORT. Notice to Mariners. - Saronpay, August 4—6 P.M. ut class Can bas been at the Hue and Ory, sone e sales were confined to about 30 a 40 DIB. trom thence eee ato estore C3 prices. Busavervyra.—Flour—The market exhibited more ¥. Saspecter, tat bape ‘and at the close was more buoyant. There Ai rs Met Dies. ‘was some for the better grades for shipment, The = — Ao chens 1508 Vale, , casing NEW LIGHTS AT CIVITA YROCHIA AND ANCONA, IN TER stArES OF Superfine 96 15 2 ‘Tazusury Deraxtsent, Orrice Extra State. pmesw) oo has peat uIOTON: 3 ke Buperfine . a Sims LG | Retiocger tasters sean Sane poe $82) 8 | Snorer nett uphemennt aes be are Choice extra 7 50 5 psy poe Sr 5330316 tori aller out ine ee aes —Canad extra brands Becretary. we pov oeigg Be EY Semunatame ; A letter from Capt Lawrence, of bark Alto, = wae Soa: he ~4 1 Valparaiso ‘ie a wilh 3000 btis ap ana’ 279 to ae uotations. request at the above A letter from Capt Gifford, of ship dated , with mea) was quiet, and July Ab Yeporte her arvtval the day a iy lumited eat was firm, and in | charge of the mate, ha taken nothing but & few ne fair demand, of importance | Oli, Sp hefore reported. Had resumed woul pa Par July 16, Chanticleer, and Weather Gage, of Prom $1 26 for Obi Spoken, do. ioe white Sou Surpriag, Ranleth hence for Hong Koog, J0e 3, lsh 0 43,000 b q Shite doa ae. Wenern pane, as 68 78 on ehh tied Woosang,. 5 c. was farnet, for San Francisco, July 17, 3 and barley mait were more q Seek Gratien Vereen, jostah from Jarvis Taland Sara aes ont | ee ee aes Coryax —The market was quict but firm, while rales a i were limited; 160 Taguayre triads pends | aoe sPanin, Geogeer from NOrleane for Liverpoo) (or Loo atp.t. Rio was above the views of bayersywho | hin, Desoto, Reid trom NOrleans for Liverpool, July 26. at seemed disposed to await the auction sale of next Wed- Ship Pultrnn, 1, im’ wa duly hy Corton was inactive, md sales confined to about 300 . Dales, in lots, om the basiaof the following quotations: | sis hangin Pet Lem Livervodl for Morty July 18; lat SEW YORK CLASSIFICATION. ‘udah Touro, Hacscom, from Liverpool for Providence,’ Florvia. Mobile. N. 0. Tex. | 50'y 17; lat 46, lon 60. yr] be 836 | seo Vly 6 lat 2855 lon Th Sn nee rom Herons Come ie ios a Stip Zane cars, trom Leghorn May 80 for Boston, Jone 12g 1B by Uycre Warihe Kendall, Paddock, from Palermo for Bottca,! To Liverpool, about 10,000 a 11,000 bushels Bark posed) Sea Breeze, Mayo, from Palermo for Bos of grain were taken at 10}¢d., in ehip’s bags; 1,000 bole ye CT ee of tour at 1s 6d 16 has. of, tallow at 278. 64.; 1,000 | wil (provably di Sex Mew: Laoyd (ron Salem Yor Atrsa)y Datier at bos.” To Losase, 1600 bois, of tobe wefe on; | “Berkey Wrotksta” Hectine: W, waa een J:i9 27, o€8 . 5 = |, wes vay 27, at 38. Sd. A vessel’ was taken up for Glasgow, to | Sable Inland. tinent were u: \. Axrata, W Coast of Mexico, June 14—In Ganges, —Ragins continued firm, with sales of a few hun- | Evans, zor Palpcuts, Bos. ready. creda aval bones a8 full priees. Bonbeavx, July X—Arr (not before) TW Lucas, Perkins, Fosul—The market continued firm, with a good demand | (eriewou: Aahland, Moore, and G W, Bourne, Bawinds, New: from the trade. Dry cod was in good demand and prices | Hartz. and A Hiera, Stewart, NOvieana, S firm. The inst embi about 1,000 quintals | | Canpirr, July 20—Arr Brown, Li Brg George's Hank, at $431); Mackerel was! in, good, re 20h, Moro Cask, Knowles, NY¥ork, Catharines Feslon Hong: juest, wit sales making, a 0. Kong. oie So aed Se Pe, AO SS | map faire See Ae bitewes Ove ine ring were in 1 & 4 sealed, and at 18c. 2 20c. for No. 1. for Lontcu) John Ht Bile Feeker eet heen eae months. taadlaecn ce ee , a, Powhstan, Simmons, \ioodees ‘Doras’ Yeaton,, ¥.—Sales of about 1,000 bales were made at 90c. a LASGOW, Leo ot, for shipesent. For city use it was selling at $la le A yt pleriie, Eyer. a7, He accord in ual r. RRNOCK, J Arr Arthur 5 Hors continued in good demand, with sales within two | Nichola, Noa a. Maria's Vineyard, Wiig don eee or three days of bales, crop of 1859, at 7c. a 14c. Gvavanit1a, PR, J ‘No Am, vesee} in port. Old were quiet and nominal.’ The crop in the interior of i Hl ; f the State was said to promise well, and it is supposed the jenderaon, shia: iid wil Be hawt extal 0 the pick of last year. Reports 3, N louse: Bares Galves™ regard! ie cr are somewhat . Foster, Ibis almost too't000 as yet, to form any very reliabl pint ee. Cole. 3 New Lora; opinion results on either side. bia; Zist, Mow Onions, Bich; © York: Trox. were dull. mall lots best ‘Fairbanks ; Potomac, Ne — Scotch pig were selling from yard at $23, six months, and $22 75, to arrive. 3. ‘Lowe was in request, with sales at 65c., and at » Gallaot Herts $1106. for kinds of Rockland. — Navat Sronss were quiet at 38c. for shipping barrels, while rosin was dull and nominal. Ona.—Crude whale continued in good atthe | Adv 234, Canadian (a), Graham, Eastward, ee et to further im eat, ie gaier. for Ly " anaatoe fo FAs were varying from a a 5 Demesous es Ind with a lot in New Bedford reported at 8c. ihe nak a for do Aug Jeremiah Thomparo, Bi sale of sperm made in this market the present week com- prised 600 bbis., at $1 60. Linseed -was tn good request, fot mice Boe’ ‘were made at 60c.. Within a asi and 4,000 gallons and 3,000 do. crude at $40, Provisons,—Pork—The market was heavy and the de- mand limited. The sales embraced about 450 bbis. at $19 15 a $19 25 for new mess, and closed in some cases at $19 10; ola mess was $18 38, new $14, and prime mess $1638. Beef was steady, with light sales, 160 bble., including country mess $8 50 a $10 00, and meats were scarce and orices nom: Lard was firm, with sales of 260 a 300 bbis. and tierces at 13%/c. a 1a dic., and 200 kegs at 1840. 0 13340. Butter and cheese were ly and prices aged. Bick was steady, and small gales of 20 casks were made at 4%(c.; prime was held at 6c. Snxpe.—Clover was mostly beld out of market, reports regarding the present being unfavorable. Timothy sold at $4 574; and wae firmly held. Lingeed was held above the views of buyers. The last sale here comprised 900 bags and 200 pockets at $1 72, and 600 do., in 1D, at $1 69, and 3,800 do., to arrive there, at $1 70, and 200 do., to arrive At SL TO. Scars —The market closed with much sifinees, while ‘sales were confined to about 860 hhds. Cuba m) A mostly within the range of 634c. a Te. ior both refining Canibion for do 30th; Neptune, Pecbeay for ger A Hiern, Stewart for de with’ Y voresa, Mare pai er okt * s thas 0 Duncan’ Ota fore wrens ae Bi x Deshon, for Mobile; B'S Kimball, Hosmer, for do %—Arr Sofia Pate, Mortes, NYork; Venus, Se al leer s(exponpnnny, July 19-Arr (not sid) Katahdin, Amabury, weisTis, June 16—Ie port sbip Sea Nymph, Whiting, for Pictou, July —Arr Off do: a H a0} LOE ae Wie, Spark the xy Drummond, from Ca lao; John,. Rancoon, May IsvSla AbDyla, Johnson, Queenstown or Fal~ Snixire, July 21- Sid Pennsylvania, NYork. St Aynan’s Hinman, July919—Off, bark trom nfo pas were re Nord Amerika, ‘ypsEy, NS y M—T Continent, G1 Callao via’ Valparaing soca,” POT! SMP Continent, Gibbs, for pnounnrng. July 20—In port bark Wr Benthall, snes "ig Leni, Travers, for Alexandria ldg; i at ne Al lag; sehr Jno W Maitland, Meader, g American Ports, ALEXANDRIA, 4 r and grocery common to fair grades, “Prime goods wore | ham: Sea Witch Wicks a leaniien Jones Hoe ieee Kc. upwards. oe ee a % Fal R ver; Wm Masen, Ruaples, Tasioton Win A (rocker a ‘KEY lee . mt ca Nehton; Aret jicks, aud Statesman, fork, teadeleet Soon No. a Mlo., chiedy at | Seabee Klien Williams. Toylore aod Sat Winein Mestonk? i ee lin, Boston, Mi fs is pa. Marianna, G) SHIPPING NEWS, ft as Lore the ota fy Aen by = echra N 1 Howden, pe ee Ca ae A eg from George Warner's Garden enlivened the scene by playing ‘A pumber of popular air. After the launch was over a select commany of invited guests disposed of the luxuries of the wea: one of Mr Gerau’s sail lofte, ts As Aap o—Arr sche XJ Baluimore; ath. eats Wt, Springer, N Yorks scare tort relia, Russell, Alexapdria; ‘Mibsurtan Sie, ‘Gloucester for: pa NTUCKRT, Aug l—Arr sebr Ply, Cheesman, Philadel 3, PM—In brig John Hathaway, Se Philadetplin’ Alive, Yared Janet iii om & ar