The New York Herald Newspaper, April 13, 1860, Page 2

4 2 ARRIVAL OF THE PERSIA. eee @uR PARIS AND BERLIN CORRESPONDENCE, The Swics, Savoy and Italian Questions. "Fext of the Treaty Between France and Sardinia. QUESTION, N JUAN THE GALWAY ATLANTIC MAIL COMPANY, THE FRENCH ARMY IN ROMB. MARKETS, &e., &e., ‘Bho Cunard steamship Persia, Capt. Judkins, which galled from Liverpool at about 2 P M. on the Slst ultino, ‘and from Queenstown on the evening of the Ist instant, trrived here at about four o'clock yesterday morning, ‘Wringing 107 parsengers. Before the House of Commons Investigating Committee Sir Cusack Roney testified that Mr. Lever agreed to trans- Yer the contract for carrying the mails trom Galway to the Montreal Company, but subsequently repudiated his agreement France assumes one hundred and seventy-five millions ‘ef francs of the debt of Piedmont, in consideration of the ‘easton of Savoy. ‘The total cost of the Indian mutinies is estimated at forty millions svcrling. ‘The Berlin avawer to M. Thouvenel’s note is distinct for fhe reservation of the righte, and energetically supports the demand of Switzerland. It ia supposed that the whole of the Popo’s troops wil, garrison Rome. Tho Neapolitans will occupy the Marches to prevent a conflict with the Piedmontese. Ricasoli is appointed General Governor of Emilia at Flo- rence. The ministry is discontinued, and the army of ‘Purcany will be incorporated with the Sardinian army. A squadron, with Sardinian troops, had left Genoa for Tus. &o, aie believed the Queen of Spaim will be anxious to pend Spanish troops to the Papal States. Prince Carignan is appointed Lieutenant of the King ‘and commander of the naval and military forces iu ‘Tuseany. ‘The widow of General Sir William Napier ts dead. ‘The Paria papers announce as a literary event that the ‘Mth volume of the complete translation of Shakspsre’s ‘works by Francois Victor Hugo, has just issued from the establishment of Pagnerre. The volume contains Othello and Cymbeline, faithfully translated and felicitously in- terpreted,and each preceded by an elaborate introduc- tion, developing the original source of the plot, illus. trated by many facts and documents new even to the pountrymen of Shakspere. Aman of the name of Quintero has actually published te tho Tribuna, of Buenos Ayres, a translation in Spanish ‘of Longfellow’s “Daybreak.” Our Paris Correspondence. Paris, March 29, 1860. Bectiement in Regard to the Recknt Englith Parliamentary Dedates—The Savoy and Nice Annexation Question~ Bpecch of Lord John Russell on French Affeirs~ Sentiment of the French of the Administration of Louis Wapoleon—Neapolitan Troops to Garrison Rome—The Anticipated Effect of the Withdrawal of the French Froops from the Holy City—The Impending Struggl tn laly—Francis 1, to Undertake the Conquest « In the north, the boundary which separates Savoy from Switzerlane is to be preserved. Im ther eaat the frontier wi)] extend to the summit of Monte Cenis, the western slopes of which, as well as Fort Bramant, which is the key to that mountain, will be included in the French em- ire. The line will tollow the chain of the Alps to Mount Viee, and to the defile of the Tenda, and the course of the river Roja, the mouth of whieh is at Vintimigha, a strong- ly fortified port in the Mediterranean. France bas informed Switzerland that should she take military measures, France would be forced to do the same. This ig of course the reeult of the attempt made by the Swies to oceupy Faucigny and Chablaia with their troops, which attempt was deferred by the energetic re- ee French Minister. But still o judge rom the foll communication from Berne, the Swiss &eem determined to carry out their protest: ‘A meeting was held yea in the cavalry barrack on the convocation of hg Haive fa Society, upwards of 4,000 pergons being present. In addition to a considerable number of members of the Federal Council, Federal assembly, and — of the surrounding cantons, the Ministers of gland and Prugsia were present. The meeting voted the following proposition:—We declare that we support unanimously the protest of the Swiss Federal Council againat the Incorporation ih France of the neutralised districts of Savoy; and we approve of the notive which declares that military measures will be taken to insure that the protest be carried out. At Vevey a similar meet- ing took place the same day, 1,500 persons veing present. It adopted a resolution of the same character. The whole region of which the countries now about to be annexed to France form part was divided into three departments uoder the fire; emyire. One, cailed the Alpes Maritimes, comprised the county of Nice, the Prin- cipality of Monaco, and the district to the right of the Tag- gia, containing 000 hectares (twoand a half acres each), with 130,000 inhabitants. Nice wag the chief town, with two sub-prefectures, San Remo and Puget Theniers, and twenty seven cantons. There was also avother department, that of the Leman, not included at present in the avnexation, which bad Geueva for its chief town, with two sub-prefectures at Bonneville and Taonon, apd twenty-pive cantons; population 210,500, and area 280,000 hectares. Lastly, the department of Mont Blanc bad Chambéry for its chief town, and three sub-prefec- tures, Annecy, St. Jean de Maurienne and Montiers, with thirty three cantons; the population being 300 000, and the area 640,000 hectares. The Alps sent one deputy to the Chamber, the Leman two, and Mont Blanc three; there {| were also two bishoprics at Chambéry and Nice. The first department was under the jurisdiction of the court of Aix, and the other two under the court of Gre- noble. Savoy will now be more liberally treated. Cham- bery is to be @ firat class prefecture with a military di- vision, and probably an imperial court; it is already an archbishopric. Its distance from Paris is 150 Jeugues. It is a town of 17,000 inbabitan‘e, containing 2 castle in good repair, aud situated in a beautiful country. Annecy stands on the banks of a charming lake, overlooked by an old castle, formerly the residence of the Counts of Genevois. The town contains tome manufactories. After the Refor- mation, the bishopric of Geveva was transferred here, and St. Francis de Sales was once its bishop. St. Caan- tal founded there the firet convent af the order of the Vis- itation., The population is about 10,000. St. Jaan-de Mau- rievne is algo a biehop's see, and has 3,500 inhabitants. Moutiers, too, the capital of the old Tarentaise, is alco a biehop’s gee, population 2,500. Thonon, near the Lake of Geneva, — contains 4,500 inhebiiants, and, like most of the places already mentioned, is famous for its cheese dairies. Bonneville {sill emailer, having only 1,500 inhabitants ; it stands on the Arve. Nice is ® Considerable town of 35,000 in- habitants, about thirty leagues from Toulon, and cloge to the Var. It is too weil known to need description hore. San Remo and Puget-Theniers are very small towns. Humbert, the White handed, the founder of the House of Savoy, made himeelf independent as Gount of Savoy. his father was Lord of the Maurienne. As for the county of Nice, it bas belonged to Savoy ever since 1388. The town was taken by Charles V., Catinat, Berwick, and by tie eo French in 1702. Cassini and Carl Vanio were born tuere. At preeent Savoy forms two intendencies, Chambery and Annecy; the latter sub divided into the provinces of Gene- voie, Chablais and Faucigny; the former into Savoy Pro- per, Upper Savoy, Maurienne and Tarentaise. Justice is administered by a Senate at Chambery, eight principal tribunals (Chambéry, Albertville, Saint Jean, Moutiers, Annecy, Bonneville, Then on and St, Julien) and fifty-one inferior tribunals. There is a university school at Cham- ery, There are four railways almost compleied from Aix to St. Joan, Aix to Culoz, St. Jean to Modane, and Pont d’Ayson to Annecy. Seme amusing details are current on the ungrasious reception the Pope lately gave to the Abbate Ste!lardi, chaplain to Victor Emanuel, who was the bearer to Pius IX. of the letter in which the King offered to do homage for the Romagnas if his Holiness would consent ‘0 the annexation, aud proposed algo, if he were a!lowed to oc- cupy tbe Marches, to guarantee those provinces to the Holy See. The Pope is said tohave received the Abbate standing, supporting himgelf on a table,and to hare asked in a gevere tone, “What is it?” “Boly Father,” replied the Abbate, kneeling, “I bave an autograph latter from King Victor Emanuel.” “Good—give it here. Whats) villainous handwriting!” And the Pope, opening the let- ter, set bimeelf to read {t, but his hacd trembled with rage, and addressing himself again to the Abbate, he enid, “Rise, and read it yourself.” Stellardi obeyed; bat when he came to what concerned the Marches, the Pope ceuld ne longer contain himself, aud gave ut- terance to such a formidable ‘Enough !”” thet the Abbate nearly fell backwards; then snatch of the Romagna—Iniriguing of Prussia and Aus. fria—The New Frontizrs of France and Picdmmt fe be Fined by q Mixed Commission—The Boundary ‘Lines to be Adepled—Uitimaium of France to Surteerland ea Regards Military Movements Tneards te Annened Serritor: Latter Power—A Speck of War—U» rictiny Ri Ara ‘the Unapiasn race Emavues Oy the Pope~fhe Morocco War Ended—Erection of the Im- perial Palace, de. ‘The great subject of excitement in Pari political cir- gles is the stormy debate of last Monday’s Parliamont in ondon, The abuse heaped upon France and the En- peror Napoleon by Mr. Horamann has greatly exaspe- ated the French people, the more 20 as, owing to the weonsent of Victer Emanuel, the question of Savoy has be- feeme # purely personal one between Sar finia and France ‘Zhe Emperor Napoleon told the English government, agmany months ago, that if the annexation in Central Italy feok place, France would need Savoy as a guarantee for ber frontiers. The annexation, aided and encouraged by Epgiand, has taken place, and France is taking Savoy. All this may irritate the thin skinned orators that fume ‘and fret in England’s Parliament; but surely the govern- ment should abetain from participating in a course that ‘gan but injure the intcrests ef the Anglo-French alliance, without at all preventing the annexation of Savoy to ‘France. Lord John Ruseell made a most undignified ani most @angerous speech on Monday night last; he asserted tuat England would seek elsewhere alliancss; he no doubt re- Serred 16 Prussia; but he forgets that now Eogland’s pres- fige is sadly shaken, and that with the exception of Prus- sia, a second rate Power, not one of the great Powers but that would infinitely prefer an alliance with Francs. Should England, indeed, be so unwise as to follow out the woggestion or threat of Lord John Russell, an allianee, of. fensive and defensive, between France and Ruasia, would ‘keep all other combinations quiet. The applause that met ‘fhe statement made by Lord John Russel), as regards ‘Bagland’s alliances, puts an end to any confidence here, ‘and the public feel that their allies would gladly break off @id they dare to do so. But I really believe that the treaty of commerce, although not yet @ practical benefit, will weigh heavily in the balance, and that England’s shop- keepers will control England’s diplomats. Here, where ‘the people cannot as yet appreciate the benefits of an ex- fended commercial intercouree, a feeling of general ex- asperation is felt, and the people say, with moat significant emphasw:—‘The Emperor Napoleon has done ail he | wished: be has humiliated and defeated Austria, obtained the neutrality of Russia, reconcil hhis policy and annexed Savoy. He will punish Bagiaad wow if she insults us any: longer.” This is, I am » an almost general feeling produced by tho wpenselers ravings of such men as Horsmann and Roebuck, mided and abetted by Lord Normanby and such like. It ‘really seems as though England was determined to justify, te all things, the following lines, written by her bard Alas! could she but fuliy, truly know ‘How her great name is throughout abhor’d; ‘How eager all the earth is for the blow, ‘Which shall lay bare her bosom to the sword; How all the nations deem her their worst foo, That worse than worst of foes, the once adored False friend, who held out freedom to mankind And now would chain them to the very mind. But, a8 I said above, the mighty treaty of commerce may stay the storm; if not, should the alliance between Fratice and England be broken off, you may rest assured Mat Russia would eagerly claim that which England eo foolishly and #0 constantly endangers. As a complication of the unpleasan! my ying relation between France and England is the fact that Lord John Russell addressed m@despatch to the Emperor Napoleon, which protested a = iid ceace Nive in terms so un masins Lord Cowley, the English Am- delivered the document wo Mt as Troare: tel, was requested by him to advise Lord John Russell to change or modify the terms of the despatch, as tho Emperor could not’ receive it in its actual shape, Tao gnswer was that no change could be made, and the Gocument was handed to the Emperor, who at once re- $arned the despatch as one he could not receive. ‘This unnecessary action on the part of Lord John Rus- gel! but the more aggravates the feeling of resentment that ‘Whe undignified debates of Parliament, as regards the Commerce and Savoy and Nice, have excited ‘fact that dod of Naples is to gar. his troops; at least rumor has so settied the Comutitutionnel (semi-oflicial) pub- this morning, I suppose The effect of the with- of the French troops from Rome can but be dis- |, for never will the people submit to having the es of Francis II. tyrannizing over them. The mo- are gone Pius IX. will see evi- bodes him no good,on the part because I am so agsured by ‘as regards the affairs of Italy, the people of Italy to wet 288 i & i [ % i ] Ii informed ing the letter from his hands, Pius IX. throw it on the table, muttering something which his auditor retases'to repeat, as language centurable by the canons. At last, turning again to the Abbate, who was aghastat such an exbibi- tion of rege from an old map reputed so mild and peace- ful, his Holiticss ejaculated, “1 will let you kuow my re- ply to morrow. ‘ ‘on may £0, ” The chaplain witharew, areca fli BE UM Bt RSS made the Pope tell Victor anual that bis words an thoughts were unworthy = descendant of the House of Savoy, and that he should pray Go: to enlighten him, leat the thunders of the Courch should be hurled at him. ‘The Morocco war is ended. T’eace, or the prelitmnaries of ove, have been signed, and the conditions for the con- ite of @ peace have been agreed to. They are as fol- lows:— A compengation of 400,000,000 reals. The retention of Tetuan by the Spaniards until payment. ‘The territorial enlargement of Melills. Commercial advantages. The protection of missionaries, A Spanish Minister to reside at Fez. It being Lent, Paris iz dull, fashionably, but still a great Bumber of strangers are in town, and theatricals, Doth public and private, and concerts, are unceasing and yery successful. The weather is very unpleasant, and has been so for weeks past. It is yet quite cold and windy. In fact, March came in like a lion, and bas continued up ‘to the present time in a most ferocious and determined manner to be lion-like, that {s,as we represent the king of. beasts to ourselves, in a most unmitigated roaring rage. e imperial family ie well, all its members appearing daily in public. ‘The Emperot is causing @ palace to be built on the Plateau de la Réserve, one of the heignts Which overlook the old port of Marseilles. The spot chogen is that of the old Royal Fountain, where Joseph Vernet placed the foreground of one of his finest maritime views, and which is the centre of a maguificent pan>- rama, comprising, facing the orth, the great ports, the city and the sea; aud facing the south, a fine perspective of the avenue of the Plejae St. Laurent, hav- ing in the background Notre-Dame.de-ls Gar ie, with its aerial chapel. The palace, which ig rapidly approaching its completion, bas a front of seventy metres, flanked by octagonal pavilions, from which two wigs, each forty metres Jong, extend southwards at right angles to the centra] body. Thus the whole edifice has somewhat the form of a horse shoe, its architectnre partaking of that of Louis XV.’s time, with few but tasteful ornaments. The ground floor is intended entirely for their Majesties; the eastern pavilion will contain the Emprers’ badchamboer, with all ita dependencies in the adjoining wing and pari | of the front, which latter will comprise two grand state saloons, the Emperor's study, bedroom, &c. The first story ig partly set aside for the Prince Imperial, and com- municates for this purpose by a étaircase with the Em peror’s apartments; the remainder of the first story nas rooms for the officers and ladies of the court. Thesecond story is reserved for the domestics. The imperial stables will be situated in the neighborhood of Fort St. Nicho. Jas, near the old powder magazine, which is to be pulled down, together with other old houses, which are to make room for a delightful garden. Panis, March 29, 1860. ‘The Opinions of the French on the Bvents of 1860—The Politi- cal Status of Louis Napoleon—The Anglo-French Com- ‘mercial Treaty—The Neutrality of Chablais and Faucig- ny—England Outwitted by Frarice—Diminution of the English Population of Paris—Thé Question of the Na- tural Boundaries of France—Cenferenca Between the Prussian Ambassador at Paris and M. Thouvenel— High Marital Ceremony on the Tapis—Movements of the French Army—Mr. Cobden in Paris—The Savoy Deputa- tions— Dulness of Trade, dc. Bankers, ecclesiastics, diplomatists, merchants, the soldiers and civilians alike seem to hold but one language, that the year 1860 cannot clos without s war with Eng: land. Something like an accurate gauge seems now to be applied to the character of the Emperor; and even those who see in him the savior of France do not scruple to de- clare that he is only now in the face of Europe enacting the ame réle which almost from his infancy he has been obliged to play behind the scenes. He was born to con- spire, they say. The carliest sounds that greeted his child- hood’s ears were redolent of conspiracy. Whether in Paris, on the Alpine heights of Switzerland, in the flowery land of Ttaly or ‘on the shores of perfidious Albion, conspiracy, and nothing but conspiracy, has been his dream by night, his earliest waking thought. His whole career of power ‘bas been one tissue of conspiracy. It is the food which sustains hig existence, and every day it elevates him higher in the eyes of the ‘whole world. He is now conspiring against you. What fools you must be to expect anything else, Has he not told you that his mission was to avenge the defeat of Waterloo? Is he nota Bonaparte, and does he not know that his gole title to continued prestige in the eyes of the nation that has raised him on its shoulders to the proudest throne In Christendom is the understand- ing tbat the degradation of the Restoration shall be blotted Francis 11. 19 also, at the instigation. or of Pius to undertake the « ‘conquest of the ‘Romagna, and even i a 5 pending in Italy will have begun to end bat when the” ie, so long down-trodden, will have tri ver | bey Hy 8 9 lumphed over should baye told you, while upon the an tue folt here against England, that its principal was the fact tbat ovations ‘had been mars $0 Austria and Prussia, which, had they boon ac. | aes oa agree, led Ay ho jaet France. now upon gh the new fron- ‘Mars of France and Piedmont are to be Sxed by « mixed j out, the humiliation of France in the ignominions captivi- | ty Of her great Oaptain avenged in the blood of the nation & campaign, he | | spises you; you have but Prussia, and France has sundry that caused it. Russia will have none of you, Austria do- reckonings to make with hor, which will probably end ina state of things as bad, if not worse, than she suffered undor Frederick William. Napoleon L always regretted leaving that power withso much territory, @ regret which his nephew will take care shall be needless. I repeat, it is impossible to move in any specios of so- ciety without hearing language of this sort. In Spain, it ia said that @ war witb England would bind all parties in | mation beside itgelf, and that the opportunity was never 90 favorable as at present. But about the commercial treaty, Tsay bah! The com- mercial treaty will very well keep till we regulate the de- tails at London. Tho time has come when one nation or the other must take the lead, aud you haye too long had it; you must now make way for us; it is our turn. The Emperor believes it impossible to give English institutions to France, but the continual spitfiring of the English press is & perpetual blieter on the sensitive skin of France, and either our institutions must sree OE rene must, It is clear nothing bat a fight will effect this, and all men of all par- ties believe that the hour is come. ‘The funds, however, bad not given way. Agents of the government were early at the Bourse with positive decia- rations that it was the Emperor’s intention to submit the ring part of the ane stone tease 5 nahi of Cha- biais and Faucigoy—to = Congress reat Powers, in which Switzerland should be re; a » and this powerfully helped to stay the plague, or there would cer- tainly have been a panic. At the same time every re- noaree is oad 4 turn thetables upon the ae Foreign etary, and, by consequence, on Eogland’ gencraliy. tis askod who ie that baa been chlef® instrsenonia! {i bripging about the anne: of Savoy and Nice? woo but Lord Joba Russell himself? Was not the Emperor vili- fed in the sight of Europe and of his own subjects for his long persistence in seeking to replace the Grand Dukes, apd (bus neutralizing the power of Sardinia, so that France need have no motive for desiring additionaistrength? Who but Lord John Russell blew the trumpet in his speech at Aberdeen apq induced the people of Central Italy to entirely reject the Emperor’s views as embodied in the treaty of Villafranca? Is France to be forever the puppet of England, who, with her big mouthed protests, would frighten the world without fighting it? it must be admitted that England has been fairly out- witted; and ali France is ready to throw up its cap to sing Jo Triomphe! Any policy of the Emperor which effects such a reeult is certa'n to be welcomed at Rome. It would seem that the Evg!!eh have an eye to coming events, for not only in Paris, but throughout the Coatiueat, a vast change is apparent in the number of ordinary residents. The returns made by the numerous consular chaplains scattered throughout the Continent establish the fack In Paris itself, the English population, which four years ago averaged 15.000, is now less than a third of that number, ‘The Rev. Mr. Gurney’s church, which was established in the Faubourg St. Henoré some two or three years ago, expressly for the extreme bigh church party which is known to be most favored by the English aristocracy, is, from the diminished number of residents, likely to be closed; and bsg | tradesmen, who are entirely supported by the custom of the English, are putting off taeir busi- ness and returning home. Emperor has presented a eplendid diamon4 brooch to Mme. Ferraris, as @ mark of his admiration of her brilliant dancipg in ‘‘Pierre de Medicis.” The Biehc, of Orleaug preached at St. Roch yesterday, and only those who took possession of seats nearly two hours before the service commenced secured the advan- tage of hearing him, At three o'clock a large crowd was assembled before those celebrated stepa of the church where, in former days, Bonaparte, then a simple lieute- nant of artillery, fired upon the sections of Paris; but it was speedily dispersed by the police, who, with their “Otrculer, cttculer, monsi-ur,” have generally a very quick way of ciearing off obstrustions. The church was crammed to excess, and there is no doubt that the staud up ight the Bisbop bas made of itfor the head of his church has given him @ widespread popularity. ‘Whether the Emperor has any intention of carrying out the principle of natural bonndarics in respect to the Rhine, time only can prove. This much is certain, that affairs don’t transact themselves go pleasantly as formerly with the Prussian Cabinet. I have heard it whispered That, 80 late as Tuesday last, at an interview sought by the Prossian Ambassador with M Thouvenel, the tone of distrust adopted by the former was £0 lachrymose that M. Thouvenel porges: confe- rence toa close with theee words:—"The peror has given svflicient pledges to Europe to entitle him to more confidence. I don’t think hig Majesty will be disposed to add tothem.’’ Poor Pruseia seems perpetually doomed to play the part of the cat in the fable, who, in her anxi- ety to secure the rat and the mouse, let both slip away. Had she joined with Austria, the Italian campaigo would never have happened; had she coalesced with Franco, she might have been placed at the head of the German Confederation; but now she is nowhere. Austria consi- ders she wassold by her, aud Franse remembers that Prussia did just enough to balk her, and thanks her, con- sequently, for Bothing. The tone of alarm which has per- d the Prussian communications at the Court of St. James is said to have greatly influenced the expressions of the English Foreign Secretary. The Duke d’Isley, son of Marshal Bugeaud, is about to Lett to Mile. St. Paui, sister of General Fieuret’s wife. There are to be three camps this year in Franoe—one at Chaions, another for cavalry at Lunéville, andgnother at Belfaut. The-Duke of Megenta is to haye the com- mand in chief. Mr. Cobden was here for a day or two en rowle to Eag- land. He looks in better health, but has a nasty hacking cough, which long convereation is sure to increase. ‘was cloeeted with the Emperor two hours on two succes- sive days, and though he denied at the British Embassy his communications with the British Ambassador, they do not appear to have been of any peculiarly abstruse character. In fact, he has not scrupled to say that Lord Cowley has no intelligence in the mangled yarns of com- merce. The honorable gentleman speaks very sanguine. ly of the effect of the commercial treaty, if it can only tide over its first stages. j The membera comyosing the Savoy deputation have not all departed, though the, greater part have done 0, ored the comnlimen: wor. TRSH MESSRP Tbe Couns Mus Deofograph porkealt of the Emperor and Empress presented with their own handa, and the interest exhibited by their majesties in every- thing relating to their country. It has been observed that from the great simplicity of mind and maoner of many of the deputation, no very exalted opinion need be formed of their peculiar status at home. Trade is very siack. A}l accounts from the great ma- bofacturipg towns attest the fact. For drapery goods the season has been most unfavorable, owing to the con- tinued cold and wet weathe: Our Berlin Correspondence, Berux, March 27, 1860. Prussia yet Undecided on the Savoy Annexation—M. Thouve- nel’s Note Justifying the Annexation Unanswered— What Ovjections Have European Powers to the Annexation? — The Reasons for the Reorgantzation of the Prussian Ar- my—Popular Voice Against the Movement—The Prince Regent the Author of the Measure— Prussia and the Ger- man States—Invitation of England to Prussia, Russia and Austria to a Congress to Deliberate on the Savoy and Nice Annezation, dic., fc. Notwithstanding all reports to the contrary, the Pras- sian government have not yet made up their mind on the great question of the day—the annexation of Savoy— and the circular of M. Thonvenel, justifying this step on the part of the French Emperor, still remains unan- swered. If the other great Powers were at all likely to | Join in a protest, Prussia woald not be disinclined to as- sume the invitation; but Russia lays back, Austria seems either to enjoy the perplexity 80 evidently felt by her ri- val, and the British Cabinet is too cloeely connected with Louis Napoleon for any dependence to be placed upon its active co-operation. In fact, it is by no means clear up- on what grounds @ protest against the anuexation could really be founded, unless it was determined to back it by the ultima ratio, which is the only efficient argument in such cases. The King of Sardinia js an independent sovereign, and if he chooses to cede part of his dominions to France, what business has Prussia to interfere? She has herself made similar acquisitions in Germany. A few years ago the princes of Hobenzollern gaye up the whole of their little territory to ber, and since then ehe has purchased #etrip of land on the German Ocean from the Dake of Oldenburgb, on which she is now erecting a naval ar- eenal, without asking or receiving the consent of any other Power. She might object, and justly object, to the inhabitants of Savoy and Nice being handed over to a new master, in spite of their notorious aversion to such a transfer; but this would be acknowledging the principle of popular sovereignty—the right of the poople to choose their own rulers—s principle which Prussia declines to recogniee in the cage of Tuscany and the Romagna. It is true, the neutrality of the districts contiguous to Switzerland is guaranteed by the treaties of 1815; but these game treatics pronounced the exclusion of the Bonaparte dynesty from the throne of France, pro- vided for the union of Belgium with Holland, established an independent republic of Cracow, and bestowed Lom- bardy upon the Emperor of Austria. I¢ they have been disregarded in all these instances, why should they be held more gacred in others? Besides, the convention be" tween Garcinia and France contains a clause by which tbe latter engages to respect tho international stipulations securing the neutrality of the eaid districts; and, although every one is aware that such @ promise is a mere form, which, in the event of hostilities, will never prevent France from making that or any other part of Savoy the basis of her miltary operations, it may be used with con- siderable effect to meet objections founded on the treaties of 1815. We find accordingly that even the Swiss, who on this occasion have ebown more pluck than any ofthe great Powers, lay much less stress on the abstract sanctity of treatics than on the practical dangers and inconveniences that will arise to them from the arrangements contemplated by their neighbors, and that if the districts of Chabiais and Faucigny, which are 80 important to them ina strate- sical point of view, are incorporated with the Helvetic Confederation instead of with France, they care very lit- tle what is done with the rest of Savoy. The Prussian Cabinet, therefore, are hardly to be biamed for hesitating to back the Swiss in their protes}, as it is urged to do by part of the liberal press, since it would always be in the power of the French Emperor to pacify the eturdy moun- taincers by making over to them the disputed distrlew, and then to turn round and ask Prussia what she meant by intermeddling in an alfair which tho parties interested Were quite competent to settle without ber interventien. ‘The characteristic insulation of Prussian policy is en- hanced by the peculiar circumstances in which the coun- try is placed at the present moment. Her entire political consideration is derived from the opinion formerly enter- tained of ad am | strength, of the perfection of her military sy: , aad now this system suddenly breaks “verpment restored down after being tried, not in actual warfare, but merely in the preparations for war. A complete reorgaaizgtion of the army is acknowledged to be indispensable; every- | ody admits that ‘something must be done;” but of the Yarious achemes proposed RO} one Appears to moet the | NEW YORK HERALD, FRIDAY, APRIL 13, 1860.—TRIPLA’ sHexT, ; er res cenamietion tn following Mine will at one be sccepted:— | aermmon union, that a first victory weald transport the | exigencies of the case, and least of all the preject intro. | The sew French programme from , differed easentialty duced by government, which inereases the burthens ef | the ‘system, inasmuch as, without ‘wo the the people without adding in a corresponding gree 40 | possi reas aeons verse a retard, the the aay - the army. _ Re og aoe s Telgnty of Victor Emanuel toa mere vicarship, and arms agains titions have come more severe regarded Tuscan’ posed - the kingaom isang the Champera to rejeot ik tad io | sate separation. ‘Siatuomapinadecd special committee use of Deputies, French programme having been frankly and with- bow being discussed, are almost unanimous in its condem- | out delay communicated by Turin to wane wnat be bation. Unfortunately, however, as I mentioned once before, the Prince Regent, under whose personal auspices it has been concocted, and who looks upon it as the offspring of his own genius, has set his heart upon its being carried into execution. He considers the opposition it encounters as factious and unreasonable; nay, as a direct insult to bimeelf; and several leading members of the lideral party haye been informed, in confidence. that if the govera- ment bill is thrown out in the Second Chamber (the Lords are more likely to accept it, as it does nos interfere with their privileges), the Prince will retire from a station io which the best intentions have failed to secure him the confidence of the Legislature, and resign the regency to his succeesor. ays excessively elow in forming a reeo- Tution, it is known that when his Roya! Highness hes once de so be eee deviates from nfl no le ‘accordingly been §) in the camp by this intimation. In truth are perched upon the horns of a most uncomfortable dilemma; they must either win their popularity by agreeing to a measure scouted by the whole nation, or run the risk of seeing the reins of government transferred to a young Prince whose character, so far as it is yet developed, presents few of Ree seeing, qualities ’ by a tae ee Prince ent is not a man of great capacity, but he has con- siderable modicum of sound sense, which has enabled him to overcome the prejudices of early education; and as long as he remains at the helm of state, if the progress of improvement is not so steady and uninterrupted as m'ght be wished, at any rate a return to the reactionary system of late years need not be apprebended. No efforts will be spared, therefore, to prevail upon him to reconsider his determination. The Itberal party are under such obligations to the Prince, who has relieved them from the intolerable ayer of the Manteufiel régime, that they will go great lengths to conciliate him; and if he only meets them half way, acompromise may possibly be eftected by which the more objectionable features of his scheme are elim|- nated, while its fundamental principles are maintained. But even if the internal crisis that menaces Prassis should be averted, it is extremely problematical whether the result will be such as to strengthen her external position. ‘This ig an iron age, in which good government at home is not euificient to secure tranquillity abroad; and if the mili- tary organization of Prussia does not undergo a radical reform, the ‘‘best intentions’ on the part of her sovereign and the most cordi:|and self-denying co-operation of the Legisiature will be unable to carry her unscathed through the perils that are gathering around her. ‘The entire isolation of Prussia in the Federal Diet has juet been made manifest by the decision arrived at by ‘that body on the Heesian question. It will be recollected that this government had proposed to revert to the con- Btitution o( 1831, which had been eet aside by a coup d’élat of the Elector, but that the other German States, inati- gated by Austria, had determined to sanction the octroyé charter of 1862, by which the rights of the citizens were reduced to a minimum, and absolute go- fn everything but the name. On Friday Inst these different motions were put to the vote, when Prussia was left in a micerable minority of three, i. ¢ herself, the Saxon Duchies, and the Free Hanseatic cities, while all the other members of the Diet, seventeen in number, gave their votes to favor of the Elector. By the regulations of the Federal Union Prussia is bound to here to the opinion of the majority, and it now remains to be seen whether she will submit tamely to their decree, or deslare that rather than sanction proceedings, the illegality and injas- tice of which she hes go strongly insisted upon, she will withdraw from the Confederation and cease to take any further share in its deliberations. Such a course would insure her the suffrages of the whole German nation, and she would be amply indemnified for the 0 of the petty kings and princes by the holi she would gain upon the affections of their subjects; it ought, ina word, to enable Prussia to act the cong a in Germany that Sar- dinia bas cone in Italy. But it is exceedingly doubtfal whether the present Ministry have sufficient energy to venture upon 80 decided a step. It is far more pro- bable that they will again resort to balf measures, remon- Strating, protesting, and writing interminable notes, till the favorable moment ia lost, whan pat dey Bet of Feeolutions is wanted to realize the vision of German unity. ‘here is not @ State in Europe to whom so man; golden opportunities bave been offered as Prussia, and none upon whom they have been so utterly thrown away. T understand a despatch has been received by the Bri- tish Ambaseador from Lord John Russell, inviting Pras- Sia to attend a Congress for the purpose of deliberating upon the Savoy affair. Telegraphic despatches, with similar invitations, are faid to have been forwarded to St. Petersburg and Vi- enna. Of course Prussia will accede with alacrity, as the desires nothing better than te have the support of other Powers, and especially of England, in dict this question. It is thought, too, that Switzerlan will be requested to send her representatives, as it ay it is not 0 much the annexation of Savoy iteelf as the neutrality of the districts teed It woul the % ‘deen talked of for the last twelve months—which has been half a dozen times on the point of meeting, and has deen always prevented by some unexpected conirctemps— should at length become an atomplished fact, and that through the intervention of England, originally its most atrenucus opponent, THE ITALIAN QUESTION. The Annexation of Tuacany, Baron Ricasoli and the Toscan government have issued he following manifesto, explaining and defending the vote of the Tuscan people demanding annexation to Pied- mont:— ‘The Tuecan people have once more manifested their will im an imposing manner, in the memorable days of,the 11th and 12th of the dread month. Having been Seay convoked to decide upon sts fate, it hus directly confirmed, by universal suftrage, the wishes which ite legitimate representatives already itedly expressed, All the objections, all the sophisms which the enemies of our national regeneration had opposed to the deliberations of the Assembly, issued in the course of last year, are now reduced to their true value by this sentence, against which there is no appeal. The goverpment of Tuscany is proud of being able for- mally to announce to Europe the result of this great demonstration of the public will, since it shows the pa. triotism and political wisdom of the Tuscans, furnishes a ae of the sincerity of the votes previously expressed. yy the National Assembly; and, lastly, is destined once ont all to fx the ultimate destiny of this noble part of Italy. And it is em to put an end to the tortu ‘unoer- tainty of this situation that the government of Tuscany bas resolved to offer Europe this supreme and unrefutable Proof of the immutable will of the country. This was not only its right, but algo, and in a high di , its duty and a necessity. Eight months’ have now elapsed since the peace of Villafranca placed Central Italy in such difficult ‘and precarious circumstances as can hardly find a paraliel in bistory. How Italy, in the midst of compli- cations and difficulties of every kind, has triamphed over the dangers of 20 formidable a situation, is sufficiently shown Sy the admiration of Europe and the ardent [pags the which the conduct of Italy has awakened in ¢ public opinion of all civilized countries. But there isa limit to all, and of all political imprudences, the least excusable is that which indefinitely tries the patiense and moderation of people. It, therefore, besame necessary that the Tuscan government should onde for all close that period of anxiety and danger, nor can any one accuse it of inconsiderate precipitation. It has waited nearly a year—it has waited as long as the possibility of a solution did not appear tco remote. It could wait no longer, when political incidents and the evasions of diplomacy were again about to adjourn that solution indefinitsly, and brought us almost back to the starting point of all the un- ties of our destiny. And here, in order to justify this sgeertion, let us casta rapid glance on the history of these latter times. ‘When, after the stipulation of the peace of Zurich, the meeting of a Congress seemed imminent, Italy, although desirous of a more speedy solution, nevertheless resigned herself to it, and egen, let us aid, with confidence. ‘The knowledge ®f her own rights, the conviction that her wishes were not in opposition, but in harmony with the general interests European tranquility aud the universal favor of public opinion, epee her with hope in the equity of the great Powers. Thus matters went on uatil the beginning of the Dresent year. Then it appeared that the political bias of the French eee regarding the Italian: become ified. Publications highest importance, ministerial changes, and an iutimate understanding with the government of her Britannic Majesty, were the cir- cumstances which every where gave color to that suppo- &. a Congress was acknowledged to be ble; and in faly, where thove facts produced, ral and di satisfaction, an idea became current, with great proba- bility on its side, thats simultancous acknowledgment of the wishes of the Italiang on the partof France and England, with a friendly invitation to the other Powers to do the same, would at length bave fulfilled our wishes and put an end to our irregular position. But this like- wise turned out tobe a vain hope. Neither France nor England adopted the system which Italy had hoped for, ANer some delay, the British government drew up, ag is well known, four propositions, destined. as it thought, to serve as bases for the arrangement of Italian affaire. These four article were presented by the British govern. ment to the acceptance of the imperial gorernment of France, which, with a generosity equal to the elevation of its views, made some reserves as regarded Venice, and adhered to all the others. The third of these articles concerned Central Italy, and laid down the maxim that if by new voting the absolute will of the population to unite themselves to Piedmoné were again ascertained, the annexation thus voted should be at once recognized, and the Sardinian troops should then, as a demonstration and consecration of the fact, at once occupy the provinces which had so perseveringly declared their will of being united under the constitutional aceptre of his Majesty King Victor Emanuel. France, as already stated, bad consented to this system, and had made it the subject of Se ieee a AB} yy oe o@ Vienna, req 01 ive its explicit adhesion, which was acknowledged impossible, but a tacit and fad Were eer pols Parnes redut new poll, and all depended that; and, although the governments of the inde: pendent States of Italy considered the new suffrage Superfiuous, and, perhaps, likely to be interpreted a3 an expression of suspicion towards the previous ‘votes, nevertheless, in view of the great results which this reite- rated manifestation of the national will was to produce, they silenced their own scruples, and declared themselves ready to interrogate it once more. In order to avoid all objections and malignant interpretations, and in order to meet the views of the "government of his Majesty the Emperor of the French, which had several times expross- ed itseif to the effect that universal had in its eyes greater value and authority than other kind of vote, 48 was resolved that this iast trial should take place by upivereal suffrage. Matters having been brought to this point, there cor- tainly did not seem to be any fear of disappointment as to their speedy settlement, when an official communication addressed by the imperial government of France to that of Piedmont arrived, whi again revived uncertainty as regarded the fale of Tuscapy and partly that of Ro- magne. came the duty of the Tuscan government? We a without hesitation, to the eamaclenaa. of the world. Cou! the Tuscan iment et once abandon the conduct it had constantly (ollowed since the comineacement of the disregard the votes of the Awem- ly and the many proofs of the will of count i- fice the national idea which it glories ta nae: ing, and ail this in order to accept a state of tremely dificutt, i€ not impossible to establish, end even then wanting in every element of durability and ‘twanqui- lity? Who, in good faith, could aseert such @ proposition? ‘The Tuecan government well knows that it has declarations assumed Beerious respousibility as regards the of the French government aad those so nobly and ly. made in reply to them by the government of Majesty the King of Sardinia. Tois responsibility it does not de- cline; it accepts it without fear, deeply convinced that it has fulfilled a dangerous, but great and unavoidable duty. ‘We know too well what Italy owes to the magnanimity of France not to have taken the French proposais iatoour ‘Most serious consideration; and now that, t> our regret, the force of circumstances has imposed upon us the neees- sity of refusing our adbesion, we consider it an act of de- ference towards the government of his Majesty the Empe- ror Napoleon to explain with frankness and sincerity, in examining these proposals, the reasous which have guided our conduct. ‘The fret observation which strikes the mind in con- sidering the new programme of the French policy is, we submit, a kind of relative injustice to the detriment of Tus- cavy, compared with the other countries of Cuatral Italy. ‘While the votes of the people are acknowledged and re- ceived, and their wishes satistied in the provinces of Mo- dena and Parma, aud even to a certain extent in Ro- mage as regards Tugcany, on the covtrary, the firmest, sincerest, and most persevering manifestation of its willis to be considered vain. Why? What wrong have the Tuscans done to be treated so? Whatare their trang [ead Why should what is good at Modena aod ‘ma not be equally good at Florence? To what great interests the principle of justice, and that of na. tional sovereignty, which, in the eyes of France, is cer- tainly not lees respectable, be jointly sacrificed? For thig severe condemnation of the legitimate desires of Tuscany there are two reasons assigned:—One which may be called of genera! interest, and ano‘her which ia Tepresented as called forth by a special solicitade in fa. vor 5 Is ie stated that Tuscany annexed to Piedmont would be for the new State a cause of war and revolution. while Tuscany, constituted as a separate kingdom,,would instead bea barrier against the ambition of Sardinia, which ie feared in 2ome quarter, It is stated that it would be painful and humiliating for ‘® country go rich in giorious traditions as Tuscany, 10 lose Eeows independence in order to he abyerbed by anolber As regards the fear that Tuscany, by yniting itself to the other provinces of the Subalpine kingdom, might draw the new State intoextreme or inconsiderate resolutions, the government of the King has alresdy in an official ao- cument, now forming part of history, fully demonstrated y by the gentus of her inhabitants, their habitg and traditions, and the manner ia which property. ig con- Btituted, would strengthen instead of weakening the mo- derate and conservative element. We need not, there- fore, say more on that subject, the more so as the his- tory of Year offers an eloquent and unanswerabic water the spirit of order and moderation which animates e Tuscans. But if—and this point should be especially considered— & deliberate will on the part of the Italians, or rather the irresistible force of eventa were to impel, as is feared, tho Subalpine Kingdom, to the conquest, or absorption by other Means, of the other Italian provinces, in order to estab- lish the unity,of the nation, could it ever be believed that Togscany, separately constituted, would be a sufficient barrier to such ® movement? In such a case, it is self- evident that matters would inevitably follow their course without any possibility on the part of Tascany to stop them. She would be irresistibly drawn into the vortex, and far from being a bar to any expansive force of Upper Italy, or preventing any agitation from without, she would hereelf be a prey to revolution and disorder within. Hence, with respect to the genera) Interest of the tran- quillity of Italy, the constitution of Tuscany into a sepa- rate kingdom would be of no use, aud would rather be hurtful; and to the preceding considerations we shall soon have to add others which, unless we'are greatly mistaken, will complete the proof of this conclusion. It now remains for us to examine whet is the value, in the private interest of Tuscany, of that independence 80 Joudly praised, and whether its aivantages could ever be Such ag to counterbalance the numerous and serious evils which would most certainly arise from its separation and amall size. Her noble and glorious traditiong—euch is the chief, nay the only reason adduced to prove the interest of Tuscany ‘im maintaining her Led individuality distinct. No one certainly believes that, in tho nineteenth centa- ry, Tuscany can ever resume the career of those tradi- tions interrupted for the last three centuries, aud only rendered eto oy Sree life oo communes, now irreparably ¢ glorious traditions are there- fore reduced to splendid historical red! bler illustration ot the past; and, such being the case, how could the union of Tuscany with Pieimont be detri- * mental to such recol ? Would the anuexation blot them as of the pages of history, or weaken their OT ecutog ti dwell upon the independence of Tus- cany, the fact is too frequently lost sight of, that Tuscany and Piedmont not two eountr each Other—one of which i about is disappear aid tho citer to absorb it—but that they are two proviness of the same nation that wish to be fraternally united. The terme of the question being thus rectified, it is easier to see to what the importance and political significa- tion of Tuscan independence is reduced under present cir- cumstances, and in the actual state of affairs. If by autoromy national independence be meant, it is clear that the annexation neither destroys nor sacrilices, but, on the contrary, consecrates and secures it; if thereby be meant the free and progressive developement of the regources of the country, of the genius and wealth of the inhabitants, it is equally evident that annexation favors instead of opposing them, since it considerably widens the sphere of activity of the people; if, on the contrary, au- tonomy merely means territorial se) » it is then tantamount to weakness, internal agitation and foreign Bubdjection; and it is, therefore, no wonder if the Tuseans inflexibly repel that sorry gift which is recommended and Tepresented to them as 80 precious. But had Tuscany, momentarily seduced by that munici- pal vanity for which we have 80 been reproached a3 being a fault, and which it is now attempted to convert in- toa virtue, consented to form a separate and independent Uttle State, what would have been the conditions of'fta ex- istence and pr rity ? ‘We should firat observe that the primary consequence of such a system would have been that of keeping us in uncertainty and ina provisional state. In fact, the prin- ciple of separation being once admitied, the choice of a sovereign would still have remained uncertain. And here there 18 no need of much experience in political affairs to understand easily the difficulties and embarrasaments, and especially the eternal dilatoriness of such a position. But Jet us not dwell upon that, and let us suppose every obsta- cle to have been victoriously removed. ‘ ‘What would a kingdom of Tuscany tlius con- stituted bad? and on what support could it have re- lied? The par! 8 of the old dynasties would have op- posed it, and the followers of the national idea would have scouted it with greater tenacity still, irritated at the delu- sion they had undergone. The friends of the municipal idea would bave supported it, but it is easy to understand what irfluence and numbers these can command ina country which, repeatedly consulted, for the space of eight months, first through the organ of its legitimate rep- resentatives, and then directly, by univarsal suffrage, has constantly, and always unanimously, decreed its annexs- tion to another country- ‘These are the political difficulties, or rather the impozs!- bilities; but there are others which, although of a leas elevated order, ne’ deserve the moat serious reflection. Tuscany, it must be confeseed, constituted separately, and reduced to her old frontiers, has no lenger, in an economical point of view, any hopes of existence, ‘This is @ truth univereally admitted in Tuscany. The impulse ren to public works, the equaily important one given to ‘both rendered necessary by the advancement of civilization; the extraordinary armaments, a necessity of the times; the public debt consequently inoréased-—ail this contributes to render the existence of Tuscany within ‘the old confines economically impossible. Permanent agitation, a probability of a financial catas- trophe, would, therefore, letting alone the sacrifice of the national idea, have been the prospect of Tuscany consti- tuted as a separate kingdom. With such facts and considerations before its eyes, who could concemn the Tuscan government for having re. mained faithful to its programme? And yet, notwit all this, that government, although’ ip $ of not accepting the proposals ot France in their immediate lication, has not for all that taken upon itself to reject them peremptorily. Owing its origin to national sovereignty, it has bad recourse to that ele- ment in order to solve the important question. And the sovereign nation has replied with a unanimity, a coolness and golemnity which, however events may turn, shall always remain a title of glory for Tuscany and Italy. All the countries of Italy that desire to unite together ave now annoynced their will in the most authoritative manner, that least subject to doubt. Tuscany, Modena, Parms, Ro: bave again repeated that they wish to be united to mont. Pied: inexorably attached to the national faith, had previously declared that at the cost of any eventuality it would accept and support the Popular wishes. With such a determination of Italy solemnly expresged, it would be a great boon to civiliza- tion and humanity, if Europe were at length to convince iteelf’ that the idea of national oe has here struck such firm root, that wishing to compress or op; it would most undoubtedly be the commencement of ter- rible struggles and bloody collisions. It is this idea chiefly which Tuscany has followed in repeatedly declar- she wante to form itre of his Majesty Ki Victor Emanuel. The pre. senge of Austria in Ttaly, “and the formidable military position she bas preset even after the late war, ex. plain this conduct sufficiently, and prove that it is above alla for purposes of defence. This the care, the lom of Europe is called upon to decide whetber ft prefers committing @ great injustice full of dangers, or accomplish a great act of equity which, by reducing Austria to insulation and impotency, shallrsecure the peace of the world. ‘Signed by all the Mini Fronxwcx, March 11, 1880. i soot The New Italian Kingdom. The Florence correspondent of the Times gives some | statistics of the population of the new Regno Lialico united uncer the sceptre of King Victor Emanuel: Tke Grand Duchy of Tuscany covers a surface of 22, square kilomeires, and its population in 1859 was 1,807 souls. The population of the principal towns i8— rence, 114,000; Leghorn, about 80,000; Siema, 21,000; Luc- oa, 22,000; Plea, 25,000, "The revenue in 1869 was 89,560 lire (the lire equal to 84¢ French); the public debt in 1851, 90,600,000 lire. The army wag 20,000 men, with 2,006 gendarmes. The merchant shipping employed 959 yes- els, with 69,000 tons. ‘The peiscies oe ding Parma is oo square kilo- metres, inhabited by 507,000 souls. city of Parma Bumbers 41,000 iababitante; Piacenza, 27,000. Zhe reyo- 345 ho: the pubtie debt, 13,000,900, face of 6,036 8 lation ef 605,194 souls, The Doasts: Betitantss Reggio, (19,000, yer im 1861 nearly 8,660,000f; ‘the debt, 12,000,000f; the men. ‘The four Legations, conatitnting the mato wealth of the Papal dominions, have « population of 1,014,105 souls, | Bologna numbers 74,421 inbabianta, Altogether the Dapeiaties of Central Italy amounts to §,984,1(5 souls, which, added to the Sardo-Lombardian Blate of 7,977,547, makes a whole of 11 tion being mace for Savoy and Nive, the’ remain 11,246,618, embracing by far nee and most thriving division of the Italian Penin- 8 Miscellaneous Intell: The Paris Constiutionnel, treating of the po Separtare of ply ae from Reme, as always been ad: we could remain de at Tae Roman =) cution pronounced a the Pope papper bared 4 the 26:h instant Included the excommuoication of the King of Sardinia, without naming Victor Emaauel. Toe cliecption, oe his san maice it says have tacurred “ie ean earn aiemmane @ taken off the ag ym the house of the Sardinian Vice Consal , Tt is stated that under the of Cy arrangements for the traps- fer of Savoy to France, General Garibald would obtair the grade of General of Division in the French ; but fs be pe Gy kde ren to be Italy, and in- ntion to remé & sul OE er ais acacia, me OD act of major e: tion against those who Baye either pe lr ald to oF counselled rebellion, i Invasion ) OF usurpation in the Ro. Da, was and was q ee os pas lb Posted up in several quar. | hole of of Corps @ protest against the Legi tions to Sardinia, = It was stated that the ambassadors of the Westera Powers at Naples had remitted collective notes to the go- vernment urging the King to adopt reforms. It was. said that the Neapolitan Ministry had tendered their resig- Ration, but it wag not accepted. Prince Carignan had arrived at Leghorn en rowe for Florence. His reception was most enthusiastic. THE VERY LATEST. TUSCANY. Genoa, March 30, 1868, Piedmontese troops entered Florence on the 28th inst. ‘The division under the command of Gen. Posasle is on tho march from Bologna towards Ravenna. The Piedinon- tese garrison at Nice is on the point of returning ta Genoa. Frorgnce, March 30, 1860. Prince Carignan, in bis proclamation to the Tuseans, | says:— ‘ ‘The King understands the importance of this annexatior, ‘to be to unite your energies with those who have elevated him to the uational throne. 1 shall into acuigve your bagpinees to the Tall extent wien poor conduct has ‘Dore’ BT AUSTRIA. ‘Vina, March 81, 1860, The.Avstrian Cabinet bas resolved to protest steraly Sgainet the annexation of Tuscany, Parma and Modena ta Piedmont. A note to this effect, dated the 2éth instant, has been addressed to the Cabinet of Tarin. In this nota Austria first establishes, by historical and legal considera- tions, developed at great length, her position and incon- testible right to oppose an act which, in despoiling legit mate princes of the States granted to them by the Eus Topean treaties, would also destroy right of succession, which these same treatigs secure to the house’ of Hapeburg. ROME. Romer (vis Marseilles), March 30, 1860, It is asserted that the Pope has again written to ‘King! Victor Emanuel declaring that bis Holiness will be coma.' pelled to interrupt all relations with the royal amily, and threatening the most extreme severities of the churcls; should the King persist in occupying the Legations, case of its evacuation by the French, Rome will be oc- cupied by the Pontifical troops. Neapolitan troops will enter the Marches. At Ancona, three thousand men of the Papal army are concentrated, ? General Lamoriciere is about to inspect the garrisons, A new revolutionary demonstration in Rome was in- tended, but did not take place, because, by printed sheets necretly distributed, the people were told that the French, troops might become annoyed. ‘The official journal directs the attention of its readers to {ne manifestation which took place on Friday and Sanday’ last, during the passage of the Pope, and mentions that three hundred Irish bad been received at the Irish Gly, lege and at the French seminary, The journal adds, that Ireland has always been herole, even under the secular misfortunes under which she la- bors, THE SAVOY QUESTION. The Treaty Between France and sare dinia. ‘The Moniteur publishes the text of the treaty betwee ‘France and Sardinia respecting the annexation of Savoy and Nice to France. It is as follows:— In the name of the Most Holy and Indivisible a His Majesty the Em) of the considerations w! de Cavour, kc, aad his Cavaliete Charles Louis Farini, ‘kc. : Who, atter having exchan thelr full powers, found to in good and due form, ve agreed on the following seon as possible the best means of app certaining the manifeetations of this will. Art. 2. Itis equally understood that his Maj King of Sardinia cannot trarsfer the neutralized parts of Savoy, save on the conditions by which he himself, and that it will appertain to his Majesty ae of the French to come to an underatandin; cad, both with the Powers represented at the of Vienna and with the Helvetic Confederation, give them the guarantees that reault from the stipulations alladed to ia the present article. Art. 3, A Mixed Commission will determine, in « of equity, the frontiers of the two States, taking into count the configuration of the mountains and the necegs y b Pgh the district of Nice towards the public debt of | Savi Sardinia, and the fulfilment of the ol from the contracts concluded with the Sardinian govern. ment, which nevertheless reserves to itself the task of completing iteelf the works commenced for the making of the tunnel of the Alps (Mont Cenis). Art. 6. The French ment will allow to the func. elec, und to the military quaking of Savoy and to the district ‘ice, the rights accruing to them through services ren- dered to the Sardiniam government. They shail, for in- the benetit resulung from the freeholdship. (inomoraiilité) attached to the magistracy, and the gua- Tantees secured to the army. 4 ‘Art, 6, Those Sardinian subjects who are natives of Sa- ‘yoy and the district of Nive, or who are now domiviliated fp these provinces, who may desire Serdipinian nationality, shall en@y, for period of one ear, es ph ine = me of the’ rati and y means of @ previous declaration made to the i> tent authorities, the right of shifting their domfolle to Italy and of settling there, in which case the quailty of Sardinian citizen will be matutained to them. They will be free to preserve their immovable Property situated in the territories reunited to France. Art. 7. For Sardinia the present treaty will beoome ex- ecutive a6 soon as the requisite legislative sanction shall have bees given by the Parliament. Art. 8, The pregent treaty will be ratified, and the rati- ficatiozs thereof will be exchanged, at Turin, withia the term of ten cays, or sooner it possible. Jn faith whereof, the respective peaipotestiatien have feigned it and affixed to {: the seals of their arms. Done in coplenieas ee day of the month of March, in the year of grace 4 ee TALLEYRAND, BENEDETIT, CAVOUR, FARINI. The. King of Sardinis had issued & proctamation releas- ing the inhabitants of Sayoy and Nice from further alle- ance. Othe King, at the lowe of nis manifesto, declares that France and Italy are two sister nations, whose is to march at the head of civilization. = The Paria Patric states that the French regiments in ro- turning from Italy will stop sudccesively at Coambery and Nice, but that a military occapation will only take ince When the necessary formalities of the treaty have Been fulfilled. ‘The districts of Chablai and Faucigny will provisionally receive no garrison. A report was current that iations were on foot for » Congress on the Swiss part of the Savoy question; thet Russia, Austria and Prussia wero in favorof it, and that France would positively submit to its decision. ‘The following is a summary of the report aid the Swiss Federal Council to the Federal AsseniBly : The inierests, the safety, the independence and noutra- Switzerland demand that her rights in reference to the neutralized provinces of Savoy should not be en- groacbd upon by thelr annexation to France, Even ad-