The New York Herald Newspaper, January 28, 1860, Page 6

6 ; NEW YORK HERALD. JAHN HS GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. OFFICE HM. W. CORNER OF NASSAU: AND FULTON 878 PBBME, cash adva Me ol by matt wil be at the Pee eater ent saints aa vestoed as wubecription DAILY HERALD, hoo cents per copy, $7 per annwn. THB FAMILY BERALD on Wednesday, at four conu per (apy. oF $2 per annum. AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. NIBLO'® GARDEN, Broadway. —Coors' Aurat- gussrns—Aflornoon and Evening: me Pee BOWERY THRATRE. Bowery.—' Mase—Tax Ocroncon, on Lira at Lovwuna. annua i. WINTER ee GARDEN, Broadway, opposite Bond street. Sayers FHRATER, Broadway.—Bousmos oF 4 AURA KEENE’S THEATRE, 6M Broadway.—Jasnm Deans. NEW BOWERY THEATER, Bowery.—Tus Ocrowoos— Roswur Macsigs. BROADWAY BOUDOIR, 444 Broadway.—Afternoon— Swiss Swains—Four Srarexs—Woman’s Waues, Evening— leeianp As It Was—Woman’s Wains’ THEATRE FRANCAIS, 885 Brosdway.—Le Fis Na- rosEL. AMERICAN MUSEUM, Broadway.—After. noon and Eveuing—Hussaxy to Oxpsa—Gur GeopivcK— ‘Macw Tors. BRYANTS’ MINSTRELS, Mechanioe’ Hall, 472 Broadway— Bunszsqvus, Sones, Dances, &0.—Jouxxy Gourse. RIBLO'S SALOON, Broadway —Geo, Onessry’s Mrn- stasis ix Boxes, Dasons, ‘Byaissavms, &e.—Tuz Mooro- Boom. TRIPLE SHEET. New York, Saturday, January 28, 1860. The News. ‘The news from Washington this morning is un- usually interesting. The prolonged and wearisome, but important, question of the Speakership of the House, came nearer a conclusion than it has since the opening of the session of Congress. At the usual hour, according to previous un- derstanding, the House commenced to ballot. Mr. William N. H. Smith, of North Carolina, an old line Clay whig, who has heretofore acted with the Southern opposition, but who has never belonged to the American know nothing Order, was formally put in nomination, and received the votes of six Penn- sylvania and New Jersey members, who have here- tofore voted with the republicans, the entire demo- cratic vote, except three, and the votes of his own party. It was apparent that he was elected; but just as the discovery was made, five of the six repub- licans who had voted for Mr. Smith changed their minds, and scattered their votes, thus leaving Mr. Smith three votes short ef the necessary number. There were 228 votes cast. Mr. Smith received 112, Mr. Sherman 106, Mr. Corwin 4, and the bal- ance was divided among half a dozen other candi- dates. The House occupied four hours in taking the vote, and when it was declared, adjourned till Monday. During the proceedings the most intense anxiety to learn the result was manifested, both on the floor of the House and among the specta- tors in the gallery. It is believed that there is probability that the House may organize on Mon- day. The proceedings of the Legislature yesterday ‘will be read with interest, especially by the citizens of the metropolis. In the Senate, the bill amend- ing the city railroad act was debated in Committee ‘ofthe Whole by Mesars. Ramsey, Sessions, Grant, Spinola and Mannierre. A sketch of the debate is given in our special despatch. A message was re- ceived from the Governor recommending an invita- tion to the Kentacky, Tennessee and Ohio Legiala- tures to visit Albany, and partake of the hospitali- ties of the State of New York. A resolution in ac- cordance with the suggestion was subsequently adopted by both houses. The Legislatures of Ken- tucky and Tennessee are now on a visit to the Le- gislature of Ohio, and the legislators are having a jolly time. Among the bills introduced were one to amend the act enforcing responsibility of stock- holders, and one to establish a Supreme Court library in Buffalo. Bills were passed to exempt firemen from taxation, and to make appropriations to pay the $2,500,000 loan and interest. In the Assembly bills were re ported to prevent stockholders voting by proxy, to enable aliens to hold and convey real estate, to protect the property of married women, and to aid the Lake Ontario and Hudson River Railroad. The project of compelling husbands and wives to testify against each other was reported against. Bills were passed for the relief of Luther Wright, relative to lands purchased by Daniel Lord, to Sing Sing prison, to claims to real property, and to the Min- etrel Fund Association. It was agreed to hold even- ing sessions Tuesdays and Thursdays. The As- sembly adjourned till Monday evening at seven o'clock. The case of Henry Williams, charged with de- frauding the Post Office, was continued yesterday before Commissioner Betts. After argument on both sides the Commissioner decided to send the case to the Grand Jury, and placed the amount of bail at $5,000. The trial of John Donnelly, for the killing of Charles Cobane, was concluded yesterday if the Court of Oyer and Terminer, and the jury rendered @ verdict of manslaughter in the third degree against the prisoner. Patrick Farrell, indicted with William Jones for the murder of an unknown man on the Five Points, withdrew his plea of not guilty and pleaded guilty to manslaughter in the third de- gree, the crime for which Jones was convicted. Farrell was remanded for sentence. The following delegates have been elected from the Second Congressional district of New York to the Democratic National Convention :—Daniel Chauneey and Dr. John Hazlett; alternates, Joseph Wilson and Richard H. Tucker. The post office, a block of six stores adjoining, and a stable and forty-one horses, at Memphis, Tenn., were totally destroyed by fire yesterday morning. The loss is estimated at $70,000. By the arrival of 'the overland mail we have San Francisco advices to the 6th instant, one day later than the news brought by the Baltic via the Isth- mus. A caucus of democratic members of the Legislatare had been held at Sacramento to nomi- nate a candidate for the United States Senate, in place of the late Mr. Broderick. Mesars. Weller, Denver, Baldwin, Washington and Macdougall were nominated, and seven ballots were taken without effecting a choice. The result was regarded as less favorable to Mr. Weller than was anticipated. Busi- ness generally in San Francisco exhibited no signs of improvement. We have received advices from South America to the 34 of December last. The Republica of the 3d contains a cock-and-a-ball story of a dreadful naval combat between the French and English squadrons between Tangier and Gibraltar, resulting in the loss of six vessels on either side The same paper has a long article on the alleged action of s British naval squadron in firing into aud taking possession of the Paraguayan steamer Ta- cuari, while General Francisco Lopez and his staff were on board. The Republica denounces the act as being felonious, and unworthy of a great @nd powerfal nation, and thinks that while the means of & peacefcl solution of the difficulties pending between England and Paraguay had not been exhausted, it was unfair to resort to force agninsta weaker Power. It then alludes to the squadron recently sent from America to Paraguay, and compares the conduct of the American nego- fiator to that of the English commanders iu a mau- ner vory little favorable to the latter. it says that NEW. YORK HERALD, SATURDAY, JANUARY 28, 1860.—TRIPLE SHEET. the Americans dd not abuse their power, but brought their quarrel to a peaceful settlement by diplomatic means, and the American Commissioner thus gained the blessings of all the peoples of the Plata, The article concludes by calling on the nations of the Plata to take warning, as they could not know when their turn might come. The Karnak arrived at this port yesterday even- ing, with dates from Havana to the 19th, and from Nassau, N.P., to the 22d inst. She brought a fair freight and three general officers from Hayti, Large contracts for the importation of coolies had been made at Havana. Sugars rated firm. Freigh's slightly improved. Exchange on New York was at from two and three-fourths to four per cent pre“ mium. Havana was healthy. The news from the Bahamas is unimportant. The barkentine Young American, Collins, master, from New Orleans, bound for New York, laden with molasses, was run into on the night of the 5th inst. by @ bark (name unknown) off Gun Cay, and had carried away her head of foremast, bowsprit and galls and rigging attached; also her toymast, cutwater, cathead, and started head rail and water-ways. Her boat was lost and her anchor stock broken. The vessel leaks in heavy weather. The captain took assist- ance of wreckers to aid in bringing the vessel into Nassau. The salvage was settled for $5,000. Our Panama correspondence, published to-day, contains some additioval items of interest from the Isthmus and Central America. Ex-President Mora had prepared to make a struggle for the reasser- tion of his rule in Costa Rica. The Central Ameri- can States were much better disposed towards our citizens. Much regret was expressed on account of the death of General Lamar. The cotton market was without change yesterday, while the sales embraced about 1,750 bales, closing on the basis of quotations given in another column. Flour was inac tive for State and Western brands, and rather easier for some descriptions. Southern flour was in fair demand,and prices without alteration. Wheat was dull, and sales con- fined chiefly to one lot of Milwaukee club at $1 18 in store, and a small parcel of choice Kentucky at $1 60, with 0 spring on private terms. Corn was dull, with moderate sales, at prices given in another place. Pork was firmer; old mess sold rather more freely, and at higher rates. Jn coffee sales were light, and prices more steady, Sugars were unchanged, with sales of mbout_2(0 to 400 hhds. Cuba muscovad> ard 7% hhis. New Orleans, on terms given in another place. Freights were steady, with moderate engagements. Included in those to Liverpool were 10,000 bushels of wheat, in bags, at od. Overtrading in Dry Goods and Politics— The Signs of the Times Pointing to An- other Revualsion. After a year of the most excessive importa tion of dry goods which has ever been wit- nessed jn this country, and in the face of a bit- ter sectional conflict that threatens to rend half of the commercial ties of the Union, the importers in this branch of trade are pushing it to a bigher point than has ever been reached before. The statistics of the dry goods trade show that,we imported in 1857 $82,696,523; in 1858, $69,093,765; and in 1859, $112,070,944. The excessive importations last summer produced sacrifices of all kinds to the importers, and an export of seventy millions of dollars in specie to meet their foreign engagements. Yet they are beginning to run the same wild course this year, ‘the entries for the past week having amounted to $4,308,000, against $2,982,000 in the same week last year, and $721,000 in the corresponding week in 1858—the total importa- tions since the first of January amounting to $11,770,000, against $10,576,000 during the same period in last year. This is a forced trade; and if it is continued, as i: no doubt will be, from the press of men in the business, it will inevitably end in the natural results of overtrading, even if no other causes combined to produce disaster. But unfortunately other causes are combin- ing at this time to produce trouble. The sec- tional political excitement which is growing out of the efforts of a cémbined set of dema- gogues to seize power through the fanatical ele- ments of society, and to administer the govern- ment on an abolition platform, which aims di- rectly at the safety of the South and the high- est interests of ten millions of men there, is providing a danger to the commerce of New York from which it has no escape. Sectional- ism has prevailed in the churches, it has com- pletely divided the opposition party in the South from that in the North, it is now working its corroding influence upon the democratic or- ganization, and is beginning to attack the chan- nels of trade and prosperity. This is nota blind and unsubstantiated statement. Merchants, careful of their business standing and credit, deny that it is so; and yet they manifest the greatest desire to keep their names off from the “black lists” which are now being circu- lated in the South. The very existence of these lists proves the fact. Never before the present moment have speculators found an opportunity to make money out of such a thing. Never before now have Southern branches of Northern business houses found it necessary to publish cards in the Southern pa- pers to deny the assertions of their rivals in trade as to their political proclivities,. Men may impute these accusations to the jealousies of business rivals, but there never before was an occasion when the accusation of entertaining different political sentiments afforded any ad- vantage to business rivals. That such a state of things.now exists in the Southern States, and that the exigencies of the dry goods trade should force its members to avail themselves of it, point conclusively to the dangers which are before us. Overtrading on one side, and a suspicious and .limited demand on the other, must produce great losses and sacrifices to the traders, an increasing demand for money on their part, and a natural want of confidence in their ability to meet their im- mense engagements. The end of these things is panic and a general revulsion. We are abused for pointing out the logical sequence of the causes which we see operating around us, and accused of producing the effects against which we raise the voice of warning. Such abuse and accusations are not the remedy to be applied to the evil. We might hold silence; but it would avail nothing so long as the exciting causes exist, and our silence now will only ag- gtavate the evil when it does come. Some will take heed from our connsels, and thus the destruction be diminished when it breaks forth. We warn the dry goods men and the merchants of New York to beware of the year 1860. Excit- ing political influences are at work that will be the bane of our industry and our trade, and they cannot diminish until the ides of Novem- ber have passed. A sectional party, built upon principles that have no possible application in the South, and which proclaims theories of so- ciety and government subversive of the exist- ing order of things there, is naw engaged in a ruthless and revolutionary attempt to gain pos- session of the administration of the general o- vernmeat. It has no ides of vesisting. © It re- fuses to disclaim the incendiary counsels which | it is proved to be teaching in the North. It stands firm by & candidate for the Speakership of the national House of Representatives who has put his hand and seal to the declaration that his motto is “The abolition of slavery and the perpetuation of the Union.” The contest now going on im Congress is but the prelimi- nary skirmishings of a fight that is to wax hotter and hotter until November. The present eruptions of Southern feeling are only the first indications of an excitement that may receive early and great accessions of stimulating motives. The election of arepub- lican Speaker will add greatly to them, and overtrading now will bring bankruptcy before the summer is over. But the greatest danger of all lies in the event of a triumph of the abo- litionized black republican party. Such an occurrence would completely rend the existing ties between the North and the South, collapse the entire fabric of commercial credit, and in- volve mercantile houses, manufacturers, lands, real estate, réflroads, and every pursuit of in- dustry and employment of capital, in general depreciation and ruin. Revolutionary State of the Union—The Reports of Our Special Reporters: We have recently published accounts of the state of public feeling on the present cris's from our Special Reporters in the East and the West of the Northern States. To-day we pub- lish net only further reports from these sec- tions of the country, but highly interesting cor- respondence from our Special Reporters in in the South, daguerreotyping the opinions and acts of that section ofthe Union. To the latter we direct the attention of all Northern men, and,in the words of the Book of Common Prayer, exhort them to “read, mark, learn and inwardly digest.” They are reliable accounts, and those conservatives in the Northern and Middle States who think there is no danger may rest assured that they are sleeping in fan- cied security upon a smoking volcano, which may at any moment send forth its fiery flood to overwhelm and destroy. A commercial and non-intercourse war is already begun, and extensive military prepa- rations are being made throughout the South- ern States to defend their intended secession, and repel their real or supposed Northern in- vaders, for whom they are preparing “hospita- ble graves.” Their attitude is that of defiance, and preparation to mingle in the irrepressible conflict, just as much as was the attitude of the Sardinians two months before the late war with Austria, or as was the attitude of our ancestors ashort time before the battles of Lexington, Concord and Bunker Hill. The tyrant mother country, by a series of acts of oppression, and lastly by shedding the blood of citizens in the streets of Boston, kindled a revolutionary flame which the blood of a seven years’ war was not sufficient to quench. The North, by a series of acts of aggression and wrong, and lastly by the invasion of Harper’s Ferry, has wrought up the South to the same revolutionary pitch; and if the political affairs of the country go on much longer as they are now doing, the consumma- tion of the revolution will be as complete as when the Declaration of Independence was is- sued by the thirteen colonies of old. By the act of Union, these thirteen Colonies entered into partnership with articles of agree- ment that slaves were property, and that this property stiould be protected for its lawful owners. In all the States but one negro slavery had an existence then. In process of time some members of the firm discovered that, owing to climate, immigration from Europe and other causes, negro slavery would not pay, and they concluded that they would abolish it, while at the same time they continued openly and above board to supply the Southern States with slaves from Africa, after they had sold them all their own. This slave trade was gua- ranteed by the constitution till 1808. No one then dreamt there was anything wrong in it. Soon, from a jealous intolerance of the pros- perity of the South, arising from its slave insti- tution, a party of Northern politicians, aided by Northern fanatics, pretended that slavery was a sin, a crime, the sum of all villany, and ought to be abolished in the Southern States, in despite of the constitution, which recog- nises slaves as property, and makes provision for its protection and restoration to its owners when lost or stolen. This was a plain declaration of an intention to break the solemn league and covenant, and to defraud and wrong the South. Northern men have been ever since running off the negro slaves to the free States and to Canada, and passing laws to nullify the constitution and the acts of Congress which provide for restitu- tion of the property. They have kept up a continual agitation, in order to render slave property insecure, either from servile insurrec- tion or from the rusning away of the negroes. They have thus, to say the least, been guilty of bad neighborhood. They have prevented by violence Southern men from taking their slaves into the common territory, as they had a right to do under the original compact. They have expressed their determination to hem the slave States in, and never allow the citizens thereof to take their property into any Territory of the United States; and, further, that there shall be no more slave States in this Union. Lastly, the leader of the Northern abolition party has proclaimed an “irrepressible conflict ’—pro- mulgated a declaration of perpetual war, not merely against the existence of slavery in the Territories, but against the institution in the Southern States, In aid of this design an in- cendiary book has been sent forth, calculated to stir up servile insurrection at the South, and a member of Congress who endorsed the treason is the candidate of the party for the Speakership, receiving every vote they have to give. To crown all, they commissioned Captain John Brown to invade the Sbuthern States, supply- ing him with money, arms and ammunition, and when he perishes in the attempt, raising him to the dignity of a niartyr and a hero. How much further can the Northern revolu- tionists go before they have the whole country plunged into blood? Do they imagine that the South will fold her arms and coolly look on till she is despoiled of all she possesses? Those members of the firm called the Union who do not find it profitable to hold slaves themselves can now outvote the slaveholding members, and are every day taking into the firm new members of the same principles as themselves, in order to secure the final over- throw of the slave institution at the South, and voting it down by act of Congress as a crime against the law of nature and of nations. .As well might » member of any mercantile house i New York undertake to regulate the duis tio concerns of his partner, and even to swindle him out of bis private property or take it from him by force. Looking at this fraudulent violation of the compact nda onstant aggression, which will not be satisfied while trere is one slave at the South, the Suuthern States are taking measures of retaliation, and preparing to secede in a body. And who can blame them for such a step? It will be ruinous to the North; but the North is bringing it on bersetf. From @ peru- sal of our special correspondence from the East, which we publish to-day, it will he seen that the mmnufacturing and mercantile inte- rests of that section are suffering so severely from the loss of the Southern trade, and a gloomy prospect of greater loss, that there is a conflict between them and the abolition fana tics, whem they want to put down, but who, by Jong toleration, have grown almost too strong and too rampant for subjection. ‘The best comment on the crusade of the re- publican party against negro slavery is to be found in the condition of the white slaves of the factories of New England, whose miserable lot is far below that of the happy negro of the sunny South, whom they wish to reduce to the same level of poverty, excessive toil and pre- mature "death. Meantime the revolution is making rapid progress at the South, and nothing,can arrest it but the speedy rendition of all:the rights and immunities guaranteed to the slave’States by the deed of Union. Other- wise the partnership will be dissolved by the withdrawal ofthe Southern members from the firm; and that will be the saddest day the Northern States have ever seen—a day of sor- row and gloom for human liberty all over the world. ’ The Corrupt Party Cliques of New York a he Great Issues Before tne Coun- try. The utter Cepravity and rotteaness of the rowdy, ,shculderhitting, pothouse brawlers who compore tte different democratic cliques of this,city have never been mor- vividly mani- fested than in the attitude they preserve at the present moment in face of the solemn and mo- mentous crisis which agitates the Union. A ray of patriotism or scintillation of honest na- tional sentiment could more easily be galya- nized out of earthworms than from the hearts of the mercenary jugglers and wirepulling spoils- men of the rival Tammany and Mozart demo- cratic factions. At atime when rightminded citizens are contemplating with a species of awe the progress of a storm which may yet rend the very basis of our national prosperity, tiese ruffian teggars continue to snarl, bark and fight over the smallest bones of plunder, with no other concern or care for the future beyond perpetuating the atrocious tyranny with which they have hitherto monopolized power, place and patronage, to the exclusion of every decent nember of society. None of them are to be looked to for any assistance whatever in averting toe calamities with which the Union is threatened. The period has long since passed away for doubting that the preservation of the republic, in its integrity, will depend'upon the election to its chief magistracy next November of a sound national man, and upon the repudiation by the North of the atrocious disunton doctrines of William H. Seward and his followers, The most prudent and intelligent statesmen in all parts of the land recognise that there never will have been a period upon which more of evil or of good to the country will depend than during the months preparatory and initiatory of the Presidential election. The flag of sectional discord which has been unfurled by the repub- lican party will, if triumphant, carry desolation to every hearthstone in the land. Yet it is the bitter truth, that if the salvation of the country depended upon any of the democratic cliques of this city, or upon the miscreant Regency at Albany, the darkest and most frightful future might be anticipated. The leprous, brutal politicians of Tammany and Mozart Halls are not only heedless of the welfare of the Union, but will always refuse to contribute to it, un- less the aid they can render is bargained for. The same is the case with the free soil confi- dence men at Albany, who are already prepar- ing to sell themselves to Seward, justas they bargained away the Wise letter. It is evident, then, that if there were no other hope for the cause of nationality in New York than the depraved demagogues who now control its democratic organizations, : the “irrepressible conflict” theory, illustrated by John Brown practice, and with Helper’s pamphlet for its paraphrase, would be cram- med down the public throat next fall. Were there no “higher power” in the city and State than the dirty hirelings, Iscariots, bullies, row- dies, gougers, jail birds, rum hole proprietors, keepers and owners of the vilest dens of dis- ease and prostitution, shoulderhitters, strikers, and scoundrels generally—the history of whose exploits is to be found in police chronicles of every execrable brutality—whose names are to be found upon the lists of Democratic Gene- ral Committees, regular and irregular; who have been prominent at ward, city, county, State, and, for all we know, national conven- tions, the triumph of Sewardite treason would be certain, the very lowest depths of political degradation would have been sounded, and New York would be compelled to descend to a scale as low as that of Vermont, or even Massachusetts. Fortunately, there is a great corps de reserve of over three-quarters of a million in the North, overwhelming in its strength in this State, whose voice will be heard in the coming emergency. Under the vile system of misrule, terrorism and drunken, blasphemous infamy which char- acterizes both the faction at Tammany and that at Mozart Hall, citizens of unstained and irreproachable reputation have shrunk back from such association, as the very worst concentration of depravity and wicked- ness. They might well do so. They will al- ways continue to do so. But, constituting as they do, the worth, thought, probity, intelli- gence and numerical strength of the communi- ty, they know how at the proper time to thun- der into the ears of the belly politicians, in office and out of office, around them, “Thus far, and no further.” That time has nearly come now. A keen and convincing perception is overwhelming, like a spring tide, the minds of the honorable, patriotic, Union loving masses in New York, that, what with abolitionized re- publicanism, mercenary democratic free soil- ism, dead anti-Lecomptonism, the determina- tion of Seward’s partisans to create for him a kingdom at the North, the completely effete, selfish and degraded nature of antagonistic conservative organizations, and, worse than all, iho owu Culpable uputhy, the hour has souad- ed then, if they fail to stem the tide of iniqui- ty and political heresy, the unity of the nation will be shattered, its prosperity sacrificed, and they be in a great measure reaponsible for the fearful crash and ruin that are impending. It is the action which will result from these feelings which will save the State of New York, where the shameful cliques of Mozart, Tammany and the Regency—blind, deaf, dumb, lame, palsied and idiotic to everything else than power, place and spoils—would ruin it, There goes forth from Washington, every day, a cry to the people of the United States that the dogmas of Wm. H. Seward have suffi- ciently attained fruition to threaten the coun. try with civil war, to menace the destruction of our commerce, to cut off the internal and ex- ternal sources from which prosperity flows to our merchants, manufacturers, mechanics, farmers and capitalists—to inaugurate a leng period of “fire, rape and slaughters,” to turn the hands of sons against fathers and fathers against sons, to degrade the most enlightened, free and civilized nation on the face of the earth to bar- barism—and that cry finds its echo in ears that hear, and hearts that feel. The ears and the hearts are to be counted by thousands anggens of thousands. And the fiat has gone fortifthat the endorsement of the State of New York shall not be given to doctrines which would make a miserable stranded wreck of our now happy republic, and that no risk of its safety shall be run by leaving its interests in the hands of a vagabond condottieri, generalled by venal officeholders, bloated contractors, and such seedy denizens ef grogshops as control the movements of Tammany and Mozart halls. The bogus representatives of the democracy, in its two factions, live by place, and consider the funds in the federal and city treasuries as their own, and to have been created for their benefit. They call themselves “active politicians,” and are either strong in muscle or still more powerful in knavery. They are consistent and true to one principle, from which they never swerved, which they inflexibly adhere to, and which may be called the open sesame of their hearts, lives: affiliations and practice. That is, they are al- ways for sale to the Highest bidder. They are the corruptionists whom the national masses have to drown as the deluge of retribution rises. If money is wanted to elect,in November, a national President, it will be given. What were a milion of dollars to the merchants of New York to secure the safety of the Union? If brains are needed, they are to be found. The key note struck by Charles O’Conor will never cease to vibrate. But-there must be new men, new measures, new appliances, and the rotten machinery of present organizations must be replaced by upright, industrious individuals, through whose instrumentality and energy the great ends may be eecured upon which the very existence of the United States depends. The White Slaves of Free Labor—A Hint to the Albany Regency. Ata time when the efforts of fanaticism are pertinaciously directed to the creation of a conflict between the social systems of the North and the South, by a-course of steady micrepresentation of the true character of Ame- rican slavery, and a hiding of the evils inherent to the social organization o the countries where the laborer is supposed to be free, such revelations as those made by the falling of the Pemberton Mills come upon the public mind with a startling vividness. Akindred revelation has recently occurred in England among the stocking weavers of Leicestershire, in a trial for libel, the particulars of which we repubjish in another column. In the facts there developed it is shown that men in hundreds—and ng doubt thousands—having wives and children to support, and an unpro- vided future of age and misery to look to, can, by laboring fifteen hours a day, earn the pittance of one and a half or perhaps two dollars a week. Even this scanty reward for their labor they are compelled to expend at a favorite grocery, to obtain the little sup- plies of food which it will procure, under the virtually understood penalty of losing their employment. We know that it will be asserted that the humane law of England provides a shield for the poor laborer against what is ge- nerally known as the track system ; but, waiv- ing the admitted opinion that a carriage and horses can generally be driven through any act of Parliament, we would ask the humanitarian, what does the fact that such a law is necessary for the protection of the poor laborer prove upon the society that vaunts itsfree labor? The re. velationsat Lawrence and in London prove that, législation is necessary to protect the laborer from his fellow freeman, and from evils that, though differing in form, exceed in tyranny the exactions of our Southern slavery. “ Hush!’ said the mother to the dying girl at Lawrence, when with her last breath she would have re- vealed something in regard to another mill, “you will ruin your mother!” When we compare the condition of the free laborer in the North with the true condition of | # the slave in the Soath, the contrast is a terrible one for the abstract theories of the abolitionists. In the North we find the workmen compelled to long hours of labor in the day, and to be huddled together in crowded and noxious tenant houses at night, wearing away life under the relentless taskmaster, Want. With his employer there is no social contact, nor a single sympathetic tie. If disease or age come, the relief of the pauper is his only hope. In the South, another social condition exists for the inferior race. If he lives in the city, his servitude is a domestic one, and his home is in the houge of his master, with whom he is in almost hourly contact. If he lives in the country, he has his cottage, his pigs and his poultry, and his garden, if he chooses to culti- vate it. It isa great mistake to suppose that the entire hours of the slave are given to labor for his master. No ten hour law is need- ed to protect the laborer; and if the statistics of disease and payments to physicians, apothe- caries and nurses among the laboring classes of the North and of the South could be obtain- ed, we are confident that the greater pro rata expenditure would be found on the side of the slaves. We commend the subject, and particularly the facts we publish to-day about the white slaves of England, to the attention of the Albany Argus and the Regency of Cassidy, Cagger & Co. Their Buffalo doctrine, that sla- very is an evil, is doing as much to inflame the Northérn mind against the South as the dema- goguical appeals of Seward and the fana- ticism of Greeley and Wendell Phillips. It is the fulse position that the Albany Regency have taken up,in common with Seward, that is really provoking an “irrepressibte conflict” between the North afd South. Tue Dawn op Reason in Concress.—It will be seen by our report of the proceedings yes- terday in the House of Representatives that reason is beginning to dawn upon the chaotic elements in the halls of the national councils. The brutal and bloody teachings of Seward, with their natural and logical developement im Helper’s incendiary publication and Joba Brown's revolutionary practice, have produced a reaction upon the public mind everywhere, . which has come home to the anti-revolutionary elements in the House. The common danger has brought forward a sound national whig from the South—one of the old Henry Clay stock—and on taking the vote yesterday it was found that the conservative feeling has a deoid- ed majority over the disorganizers. This fact shows that the tide has set in strongly towards the haven of peace, and that even in Congress the sentiment of patriotiam is stronger than par- tisan affiliation. The Hquse adjourned uatit Monday as soon as the vote for Speaker was declared, and it was found that Mr. Smith had 112, Sherman 106, Corwin 4, and there were 6 scattering votes—115 being necessary tor a choice! On Monday morning the members will com together again, fresh and cool, and from em end of the Union to the other millions wit wait in hopes that they will elect a sound al conserwative national man to the chair. The yote yesterday shows that the back of abdi- tionism is brokem, and that sectionalism of all kinds can be defeated and utterly routed, on principles which ignore the worn out and cor- rupting organizations of the old parties. Let the national men come together and finish their victory. Mr. Cuscman on THe Impenpive Crrsis.— The present political attitude of the South is not, we believe, well understood at the North. The black republican journals le- bor with all their might to misrepresent the . views of the leading men at the South, and the. democratic politicians are so securely end sweetly snoozing and fattening over the feden © ¢ and municipal spoils as to take no measur) to controvert the slanders of the oppositioy’ The only way that the conservative people of the Central States have of getting at the real fj facts in the case, the state of parties and the li opinions of the statesmen ef the day, is through [} the medium of this journal, in which we gi all sides a fair, full and impartialhearing. Carrying out this programme, we have great satisfaction in laying before our readers the very vigorous and able speech of the Senator from North Carolina (Mr. Clingman), delivered in the Senate a few days ago. Extracts from and abstracts of this remarkable speech have appeared in various Northern journals, and Mr- . Clingman’s position has not been fairly repre- sented. The first portion of the Senater’s speech is ¢ defence of his party against the charge of having commenced the négro agite- tion at the North. The Senator next proceeds to reply to the arguments of Mr. Seward and his disciples on the slavery question, pure and simple, taking high Southern ground. Henext proceeds to state that amongst all classes at the South the disunion spirit is rapidly in- creasing; that in those sections in which he is best acquainted there are now a hun- dred disunionists where there was one ten years ago, and that ip the event of the election of a President on purely sectional grounds, the South would secede from the Union. He states, however, that to avoid such a necessity the South will make any effort consistent with honor. As itis, they are pre- paring for the worst. At the close of his speech Mr. Clingman says very truly, that after all, the settlement of the whole matter is in the hands of the conservative national men of the North. The black republican journals ate doing the ! work of the democracy, by arousing this re- served strength, which will come down at the polls in November like Blucher’s fresh troops atthe close of the weary, hot, and bloody day on the field of Waterloo. We call the particular attention of our read- ers, of all parties, to Mr. Clingman’s speech. Coming from a moderate Southern man, a North Carolinian conservative—not a South Carolinian or Mississippi fire-eater—it may be taken as a fair exposition of the fixed sentiment of the South. It should command the atten- tive perusal and careful consideration of every citizen. . Free Popctation oF THE SouTHERN StatTes.— The census of 1850 presents a curious fact with regard to the population of the fifteen slaveholding States of the South, which it might be well for the abolition agitators to takea note of. According to tiht return there were then in the Southern States 6,412,605 free people, out of which 205,228 were born in free States. The following table shows how these were distributed:— “Yoal Born in Population. Free States. States. Alabama. 428,779 08T Delaware. ts Hed rite uss Liss Kentucky. rane 31 ee Louisiana 272,988 14,566 and. 666 22812 Mi ppl. 298,648 4,416 Missouri. 504,622 55,620 South Carll mie 8 ‘Tennessee. 763,258, 6,512 Texas.. 164,481 9,082 Virginia, 949,133, 705, Total - 6,412,605 205,228 y have since elapsed it is quite probable that the number*of Southern residents born in free States, and their children, haa increased to five hundred thousand. These people cherish all the memories, customs and ideas of their old homes. They are probably in constant commanication with the places of their birth, and many of them continually re- new old assodiations by personal visits to their friends and relatives at the North. They have bad an opportunity of studying both sides of the slavery question, and have seen the exact — condition of the negro in his Southern servi- tude and in his Northern freedom, and they know how much better off he is im the former than in the latter condition. We will ventare to say that if the votes of these half a million of people were to be taken on the question of sla- very, every one of them would vote against the doctrines and practices of the abolitionists. Admitting that each one of them has an influ- ence, more or less, with ten friends at the North whose opinion of the Southera institution he has affected by his candid accounts of its work- ing as he has seen it, and we have an army of five millions in the free States, from this cause alone, who are not preparedito sustain the views of the abolition agitators. What folly, then, it is for the republicans te Mneteaabont marching the eighteen millions of the free States upon the South, and wiping >