The New York Herald Newspaper, January 28, 1860, Page 3

several years, but has bean concealed ss much a8 macutaurera lpvoluntarv fe taking alarming satent, and the water w fe hewn collecting lu Ferry aires auc the streets adjacent, is wpdly drying up. ‘t one-third of the usual number of ompicyés Ont ») ment ip the show esydlisuments, and tra. ¢ geUe ralf Deine to feel the staguation t it a yon follow. whails”’ of Lyon are pretiy numerous, about wm te anne’ ratio as the ‘Amiths” of New York, compar atiy'Y *peskoug. They poine from ‘he seme aacostors, bheang aod have growa eich trom their arqel sabia rey With the South, Jhis clique of disunionists receivt mm an, comfort aué suopert im their treasoaabw wis the au vye to cory witt this feihow ace. Epneroft and J..L. Hangeld, vartyrqum’? of ube traitor Brown has been hed and prayed about unti! poople are aivk and die- d with the subject. At the last edection, on the 12th of December, for char ‘officers, she republicans ran a straight ticket,’? 1g the utmost confidence in outoumbering their op. nix, The citizens, irrespective of party, nominated eittmens’ ueket, and elected it by 437 majority. Helper’s Treason Manual’ has had a very limited sale fm this city. The thinking republicans esteem ita publi- ‘eucn a mere speculation of # broken down, itineratiug prucian, ‘The republican sentiment is dying out in Lynn. Manu- @etures from the republican party, are sick and tired of Ne er”? question, aod i, many instances they have gvinced their determination to act with the democrats in | famre. As an instance to substautiate my assertion, I ‘will merely state that last fall the comocraus of Lyua @leoted & State representative, C. 8. Clark( the first one they have bad for ten yenri The number of deaths in this city last year was three 1d and thirty six; of which, thirty three oocurred ry; twenty five in February; thirty-four in March, veuty-three in April; twenty-eight in May; twenty in jane; twenty-tourin July; thirty seven in August; thirty- im September, twenty four in October; twenty three ember and twenty-six in December. , and to anpply place of the one destroyed a year since, is nearly oom- “ove SPECIAL SALEM CORRESPONDENCE. Sauem, Maas. , Jan. 21, 1860. tm Africans and Africa—No Direct Trate with the South—The City Politically—Banks, Buller, Briggs—The Repullicans Struggling for @ National Positions-the S&hivm Among the Democrats, dc. dc. ‘The relies of the interest this city has had in the South ern trace exist in the memories of the vessels farnishet help along the slave trade There is now, however, regalar line between this port and the west coast of Af- Zica, engaged in @ more legitimate, if not so profitable a Busiwess—that of introducing ivory, gold dust, &c., in- pad of niggers. Salem has no direct trade with the Ma at this time, except im politicians—and it is prover- that politicans were nevor known to trade. Salem may be get down as ap anti-republican city, ifthe oaition strength could be combined upon any one int. At tne last Gubercatoria! election, Banks (rep.) Butler (dem.) 453 votes, and Briggs (quasi-American) votes. The two last combined, voult have given us but 128 plurality, a number that could eusity be reome if there were any certainty of any cancidate in ition to the republicans wioning. Av the matter stapes, this city nay De ket down az repudlican to J mtents apd purposes. And the republicans nro strug- might and main to wheel into a national SA late John Brown sympathizing meeting was a plete failure. None but the rank abolitioniats ended. In short, the republicant here openty de. ‘meunce and condemn any movement of sympathy with Brown of tho Brownites. I: is futile tw agine, however, that the opposition to black biicanism cam be united ou any one point in cus. In fact, there is a chasm between the two wings @ the democracy which, as it appears now, never wil} be eloeed,’ One wing is Jed by the Hon. Nathaniel J Lord, the other by Dr. George B. Lorin, Tord is hunker, Lor- fog bunkerish. Thev split in coalition umes; and Lord, ‘with eanguinary but well intentioned 1, would bring every wan to the block who ventured to assist in that na. oly alliance. Of the two wings, Loring has the majority ef men and muscle decidediy; while Lord, so to spoak, hhesa little more starch and caste, Waen’ these wings Dap together they will cover as good and wholesome a Dewy of democrats as can be found in Massachusetts. at Jong enough to measure the distance from tip to co they are so far apart thatthe equinoctial line is ‘ 4) al up hoe ‘Loring wing favors the nomination of Doulas at @hariecston; the Lord wing goes in for the man after the pemination. ‘The republicans here will go en masse for Banks, al- thongh some talk despondingly of the effect of the two years amendment on the Western States. OUR SPECIAL LOWELL CORRESPONDENCE. Lows:1, Mass. , Jan. 23, 1860. Fhe City of Lowell—Iis Appearance— Manufacturing Estab- bishments—Names of the Oorporators—The Operatives end. the Average Rates of Wages Paid Them—An Inspec- tion of the Mills—More About the Pemberton Mill—A Dangerous Mill in Lowell—The Factory Boarding Houses— The Political, Social, Moral and Religious Condition of the Manchester of America, de., dc. A visit to the city of Lowell, the well-named ‘‘Manches- of America,” will at any time repay the tourist, o curious to ascertain the condition of our manufac. terics. Lowell has great natural advantages, such as the @oareing of the Concord and Merrimac rivers, whose flow- ing volumes, assisted by art, supply the power that drives Kinds of cotton and woollen goods. Approach Lowell from whichever direction you may, the first thing tnat fh attracts attention is the hugo brick factories, some of them peering up six and seyen stories in height, with a propor- fionate length. These are built along either side of the canals, from which they receive their water power. ‘There are twelve incorporated companiesin Lowell, viz:— ‘Zhe Merrimac, Appleton, Lawrence, Middlesex, Suffolk, Sremont, Massachusetts, Hamiiton, Lowell, Lowell Bleach- and Lowell Machine sbop. These corporations own ‘the aggregate fifty-two large buildings of the hugest ‘dimeusions, {rom two to four hundred feet in length. Jn these are employed, at this time, about 11,000 female @peratives auc about 8,000 males. average wages of the females, clear of board, is about two dollars, and the males «ghty cevts per diem. In addition to the factory ‘Duiidivgs, each corporation owns about twenty-five or thirty three-story dwelling houses, built in an apparently eat and substantial’ manner, which let out to responsible parties at on condition that none but female factory operatives shail be allowed to board in toem. Tokse houses, or at least some of them, are of immeuso ‘\ gize, and not a few of them can accommodate forty or | 4 ity’ boarders. This plan of separating the females from the opposite fex was with a view te the welfare of the former; but it appears no improved result came from it, afver years of experience. It is optional w the e@peraiives whetber they boara at these houses or not; 1t from the fact of the corporation bourding houses being out at nominal rents, the proprietors can afford betier fable fare. Tue corporation voarding houses are not the enly ones in Lowell. There aro hundreds of others tha: do a pretty fair buginess. As regards the moral and social onc tien of the operatives, especially the female portion, moch wight be said,and much might be done by the pbiianthropist to purity the morai anu social atmosphere » % which they live.” The female operatives outnumber the Swuaies four te one. A few years ago the former were trom amongst the most promising daughters of our New Kogiana farmers; but the constant fluctaations in the factory business, coupled with the mer: the corpo- zaucus in lowering wages to sucu a figar: jaro a half-descent livelihood required we \usty, caused these girls to beneine oisgus! Yhory tite, and they left the mills; fur the ben *Sybe oovld put up with the indignities of ts pperiptendents and overseers. They were suum succeeded “py & hoet of foreign hands, mostly Irish, who now labor ten tours per day, amid the noisy looms and densely crowdet apar:ments, for barely pay enough to keep bony and eoul togetber. at this time *of the “ar tne dell that summons the operatives to work % rung a8 Foon as it approximates daylight, and ‘oon alter the poor creatures are seen reluctantly rushing trom the bo houses, wending their way to work. Fifwen minotes aft r the bell rings a single tap is given, “phe maia gates are closed, and every poor operative that may be unfortunate a to eta minute or Bo behind tame, is “‘docked” a quarter of a day oon three quarters of an hour ie allowed for dianer— barely ume to eat it—atter which they repair back to their labors aud there remain until seven o'clock in the evening. There is not that cheerfulness among the factory operators here, that characterizes other rhnches of manufactures; the time appears to drag slong siowly, and tho pour creatures who toil in these mouster white slaye marts from day today ap- at times dajectsd and dospairiog. It has often — 4 Heyes interested in factory stock, ee indicative of the liberal wages paid by the corpora- ‘tens, that many of tue operatives have large sums of ‘money in the savings banke here, This is true in one sense; but the number of operatives who are thus fortu- mate and frugal will not equal that of a similar namber of Joperatrves in other branches of manufactures. There are ‘some males and females that have one or two thousand ‘ doliars in the bank; bat they amassed it after years of ‘toil; and many of them, now ata time of life when they should enjoy the fruits of their labor, have their money, it is true, but gained at the sacrifice of health. Since my arrival here I have inveatizated the condition of the factories, with a view of giving your readers ao ‘hhonest and truthful account. r & most minute re- eearch in regard ered positively safe, with the exception of ths one of which Tebau hereafter x. In passing throngh some of the largest mills I saw hundreds of human beings crowded in- to ill-ventilated rooms; I was forcih'y impressed with the inadequacy for their ogress in case of a fire or other accident. Some may say that this is getsing unnecessarily alarmed, aud deem such ‘an evcnt a8 totally impossible, where so many hands are ry Builtings ap: in combustil wo der The aeerbainet Ceamgetian et ‘and « portion of the about the looms, machine: ae a3 = ins i » ROW im seeFi0N, will give the manner of mani NEW YORK ' of time when there is nothing to shake the confidence of the operatives, how long would it take them to retreat in case of & fire? This is no idle speculation— it is a question on which the lives of thousands of our fellow beings, wu welfare demands a8 much consideration as the wea' bobs, the stockholders and directors of the mills. mains to be seen whether the Masgachusetts Legislatare, oar fac tories & thorough investigation, by appointing a commis sion of ecicntific men to inspect the buildings, report taeir actual condition as to safety, and recommend the adoption of euch laws as will prevent for all time the recurrence of such catastrophes as that at the Pemberton . The directors of these moneyed corporations will ‘ell you that these measures are unnecessary, and recur with emphasis to the experience of past years for the safety of the hives of the operatives and the atrength of the build- jogs. Iet the State representatives took to this subject, before their garments, too, are stained with the blood o! hundreds of vietims and the cries of widows and orphans. In reierence to the construction of the late Pemberton mill, I was informed by an old and reliable citizen of Lowel), that J. B, Tuttle & Co., under whose supervision it ‘was erected, several years aoteiee built the Second Uni- tarian church in Lowell, and on that occasion, owing either to the faultiness of their work or to a dispensation of Providence—probably the latter—a rain storm beat against the walls when they were about two thirds com pleted, and they feM to the i @ mass of debris. Tt ig understood that these genUemen now complain of an sosuilicient supply of proper building material from Col. Bigelow, the civil engineer, and thus shift the onus of Diame imputed to them to the shoulders of another. The same informant also told me that, at the time of the epension of John A. Lowell, of Boston, who was one of the owners of the mill when it was originally built, an en- gineer was gent to Lawrence from Boston, by parties there, ho proposed to purchase his interes: with a view to ex- arnine into iis condition, A careful examination was made by this gentleman—I cannot now recall bis name— who returned to Boston, and reported that “the building was pot then in a safe condition, and must eventually fali;”’ and, on the strength of that report, the parties de- clined to invest. In regard to the Pregoott mil! of Lowell, spite of all ef- forte at concealment, it has an inclination, and has had for some five yearg, of over four and a half inches. It has been strengthened as far as possible by the addition of anchor girders; but even this has not alleviated all the apprehensions which exist ia regard to the safety of the mil). Indeod, Mr. Francis, an engineer, declared to our informant that he regarded the mill a8 only ‘compara- tively safe, not as positively so as the other mills,” and that he could not give his opinion #0 favorably of it as of other stractures of a similar character in Lowell. It is due to the Prescott Corporation, however, to state that no weaving is dope in this mill, and that no reagon, th % exists why it may pot remain in its present condition for years to come; but it is # time when the public demand the truth in regard to these immense buildings, in which their frends and relatives are daily immured, and it if Do use to attempt to hide it from them or to give ita coloring calculated to misiead public confidence. The tacts which we have just enumerated have, of courte, in conjunction with the Lawrence catastrophe, created much uneasiness among the female operatives, and a large number of them have given the usual notice of two weeks, required by the corporation, prior to their charge. The mi}! jn question stands on the bank of the Concord river, ano it is said that the foundation ig not 6o safe as it would be if it were nigher up on the main land. There is. eo w crack 1 the high brick strect wall surfounding the Prescott Mills, which has a tendency to make people be- heve that ® quicksand or something of a similar nature exists near the miils. The superintendent of the mill, Mr. Brown, etated that the cracking of the wall was caused by the bursting of a water pire which ron underneath it, and that sipce the damage had n repaired, there has been no alteration in the cond of the wall. Notwithstanding the white Pave: ything else—of factory life in Pvvell, which is no fault of the local government, there are many things in and about Lowell that are attractive. The topography of the suburbs is beautiful, and thero are numerous pleasant drives t0 and from the towns adjacent to this city. ‘he Lowell people are patrons of literature, art and sci- ence, and, during the winter months, good, healthful and intellectual amusement is afforded to all classes. I was Tmuch amused as well aa instructed by the good manage- ment of what was termed an “infant party.” This party consists of an association of about one hundred of the best families in Lowell, who assemble at French’s Hall once in two weeks to enjoy a soirée dansante. The soirées com- mmence at about eight o’clock in the evening and terminate promptly at midnight. By adopting this rule, beadaches and neglect of business, which are so characteristic of New Yorkers, are avoided. During this winter ther been first rate sleighing end ekating here. The latter amusement has become quite the rage, especially among the ladies. A few years ago it was almost impossible to find a lady ekater in Lowell; to-day they are numbered by hundreds, and not only this, but some of them the most One of them, a Mizs Reed, is dec! skater in the United States, and it is reported to have a friendly trial of skill with a New York lady. ‘There are to very fine ponds in Lowell, where this amusement ig enjoyed—the principal one at a place called Ayera City, near the outskirts of the city. It is an artificial pond and was flowed for the first time a few days ago. After the ice had formed to the thickness of half an inch, there was a great rush to it from all places near Lowell. The coneequence was that thousands assembled at the inauguration. About noon “Old Sol” cast down his genial beams, and in consequence'the ice melted be- fore his force, and before midday the skating was spoiled, and rot afew went home with wet jackets, by falling through the holes in the ice. yublicans appear to Wha. Erown. tala they aympettieed wih, but, from the too frequent agitation of this subject from the pulpit and the platform, in daily conversation and through the press, many of them hai to repudiate their action, and Cth gh bp tiie are cool, quiet and calculating day, endeavoring by all reason to their errin, stage that, con’ tab! t of a Union party—but this is merely on selfish grounds. ‘Holper’s Treason Manual’ finds but few pat- Tons in Lowell. The thinking People style its authera crazy fanatic and traitor, who is willing to sell bis country for thirty pieces of silver. When the news of the Lawrence catastrophe reached Lowell but a short time elapsed before hundreds of the mal abitants left for the scene of the disaster. first man who was on the road with succor to the suffer- ers was Dr. J.C. Ayer, who, sans ceremonie, harnessed up his horses and attached them to a large sleigh, went trom one physician’s house to anuther until he procured load, and then started off, keeping his homes at a brisk trot nntil they reached TIawrence. This praisewot conduct, coupled with the fact that the doctor himsel prescribed for the wounded, has been highly applauded ‘by the citizens of Lawrence and Lowell. In addition te Dr. Ayer’s noble conduct in the Lawrence affair, he has, in conjunction with other gentlemen, started a subscrip: tion list, leading off himeelf by douating $350 towards a fond to prosecute the directors of the Pemberton mill in ‘suits for persoval injury to the operatives. This unselfish conduct will be more apparent, when I state that he is a heavy stockholder in one of the Lowell corporations. OUR SPECIAL HAVERHILL CORRESPONDENCE. Havernut, Maas., Jan. 23, 1860. Excitement in the Shoe Trade—Southern Dealers who Buy of Abolitionist:, and These who Do Not—Plump Refusals to Purahase—Rather Return without the Goods—New Englanders in Southern Houses—Look out for Undery Sellers—Look out for Inferior Goods—Look out for Trai- tors—Loss to this Town by the Abolifion Agilation probably One Million of Dollars, céc., ée. Haverhill is essentially a shoomaking and a boot and shoe business town. It has a population of between 8,000 and 9,000—possibly more, i is well supplied with schools, churches, hotels, newspapers and other public in- stitations. The people of Boston oncé tried to make a of this town a Mayor of their place, but they did uot succeed. I refer to Mr. John B. Hale, connected with one of the banking institutions in the metropolis. This town isafavorite resort of Seuthern merchants when they purpose making up their stock of boots and shoes from the Northern market. So far as experience here goes, the Southerners do not confine themselves to political friends in buying their goods. Instances are kuown where they have gone to some of the most ratical of the black republicans to make their purchases, even when they could have bought the same style of goods atthe same prices trom those whe did not and do not abuse the domestic institutions of the South. One case it conveniently at hand, and others can, if necessary, be adduced :—The firm of D. F. rieming & Co., of Charleston, S.C., bought their goods recently of Harmon, Goodrich & Co.,@ black republican concern, because they seid cheay- er than others; further, S. P. Kerrick, of the firm of R. S. Hollins & Co., of Nashville, Tenn., has openly boasted to Boston houses of having done the same thing here. ‘There are upwards of one hundred shoemaxing estab. lishments in Haverhill. The of business aonu- ally amounts to between $5,000,000 and $6,000,000, and the trade of the various establishments each amounts to from $400,000 to $100,600 and less per annum. It is, there. fore, a great business for one town in Massachusetts. The style of goods is principally confined to women’s pewed and pegged work. The sewed work brings in the patent sewing machines, on which American females are truly expert, and they therefore monopolize that branch of the trade. Our principal houses, all more or less interested in the Southern trade, are—L. Johuson & .Co., C. Hersey & Co., Sawyer & Wheeler, W. I). George & Brother, Frank Brick- We R. Fitts, Goodrich & Porter, Green, Lit- man, Kimball, West & Co, Geo. Ourl- & RM. ingals, E J. wins, Geo. W. Lee, & Chase, Fite & Sleeper, ‘Warren,.Ordway & Co., Son, J. Gardner & Son. rs & Howe, A. Kimbail & . C, Felton, E. G. Felton, G. & J. Co., Harmon, Goodrich & Co, » Chase & Co., John Nichols & O., A. 5. D Scop age town may be conjec- feet it cast nearly two votes for the Aguaeritn- tie “Rime conetag voll Cone q ing well dowa thirds, but at the sane time showing a re- pureuing that couree is undoubtedly true. I have cited cases above. But that it is the uniform practice for them 0 to'do 1 utterly deny. More than half the large boot of course ?”? ers. they. “ But you don’t know who “HERALD, SATURDAY, JANUARY 28. -1860—TRIPLE SHEFT. and shoe establishments in Charleston, 8. 0., and other large Southern cities, are conducted by New England men, and it is very likely thas, if juiry be made, it will be ascertained that those who buy of the abolition ists here, because they can buy of them the cheapest, are ef this class of shrewd Yankees, who are just pro-slavery enough to save themselves from sus} But an thing that should be thought of in this co. tion, "A good deal of old and unfas! ble stock is now in the market. It is being sold very low, as the holders are desirous of getting rid of it before the new stock comes forward. If our Southern friends, therefore, fin their local traders selling boots and shows remarkably ebeap, they may set it down for certain tha: they are Wi posing of inferior goods; and, furthermore, that thos who so uncersell are open to grave suspi © az to tei fidelity to the great interests of the South. I have denie« that the practice of buying of the cheapest prevails among the Southern mei tg to any extent. 1 am Cognizant of signal instances to the contrary, and wil refer toone. The firm of Gardner & Co , Nashville, Tenn have a representative North buying . Ttis one of the largest houses in the South, doing business to the ameunt of nearly a million annually. This gentleman has repeatedly declared that be will not buy a dollars worth of goods of any of these Northern abolitionists, even if man pell the cheapest, or even if they are the only parties market who have the style of goeds he wants. He says he will not purchase at all rather than buy of a poli tical enemy of the South. This is the sentiment that pre vails among the leading Soutbern houses, and thus at the door of the anti-slavery bluster and fanaticism of the North to the account of the Jobn Brows sym| ano the believers in the abolition Gospel according to Helper, must be laid the loss of perhaps a million of dollars to the boot and shoo trade this season in this and the adjoining towns. Havens, Mass., Jan, 24, 1860. The Black Republican Struggle to Keep Up the Trade with the South—A Reporter is Mistaken for a Southern Shor Dealer—Amuting Incident—The Rich South Better than the Poor West—Starvation in the Wealthy Town of Ha- verhill—4 Steam Hat Factory, de. The black republicans here are trying all they can to disguise the fact that the shoe trade of this town with the South has fallen off and will fall off the present season But when obliged to speak positively on the subject they confess that the trade is lighter than usual, and, further: more, that they are obtaining “nothing for their goods.”” As an evidence of the eagerness of the shoe traders bere to obtain customers, and of the competition in the trade— for none of them eel] on commission, but one house having a store im the city, that of 0. Hersey & Co.—a circum- stance that occurred today may afford an appropriate illustration. Be it known that the principal shoe factories upd stores are on one street, and the sight presented eometimes, when strangers are in town, is not very unlike ‘hat of Chatham etreet at certain hours among the old clo’ operators. Your reporter was almost a stranger, and the Argus eyes of hundreds of persons interested in shees were upon him, Some of these persons followed him to Brown's Eagie Hotel, to glance at the name and grasp the individual before he had an opportunity even to take a crust of bread. Those who saw the register thought the stranger couldn’t be much of a customer, and sufferei im to depart in peace. Shortly afterward, he was watk- ng along the shoo mart. He passed unmolested until he ame to a certain establishment. A spare and ged form stepped upon the sidewalk: “Say,” cried a voice from the thorax of that spare and aged form, I kpew.you want to buy shoes !?? “Sir !"? was the in. dignant answer of he of the press, meanwhile glancing askance at the extremity of his pedal extremities—'* what ao you mean?’ ‘ To sell you some shoes—I know you're in the trade. Step in.”’ We did 80, to save buttons. “What style of goods will you have? You deal in shoes, We replied we did. [Your reporter has a vmali family trade of ten to supply, and he finds very little competition. ] A rather amusing dialogue of some minutes’ duration ensued, a friend, joe dealer; that friend was importuned by other deal- “Tf you can’t supply him, give us a chance,” said is.” “ We don’t care who he is, £0 long as we sell him our shoes. But who is he?” “He's a Virginian, and hates you abolitionists ike Our friend was no longer troubied by that party. In short, every conceivable effort is made to keep up the trade. The black republicans know and feel that by endormng the ‘irrepressible conflict” doctrines of Seward they have injured the trade of Haverhill enormously. They also know that the South is rich, and can better afford to has Jarge stocks of goods than the West. Some of the republicans argue that what they loge in the South they will make up by an increased demand from the West, but at the same time acknowledge that their wealthiest and most reliable customers come from the South. cry of “coercion” is balderdash. Southerners say, as one observed in one of the factories to-day, ‘Every man can have his own opinion; but my opinion is that if = Southerner deals with a Northerner who is constantly abusing and robbing his customers at home, he neitber justice to himself, to his friends nor his home.’ The South has been represented here within a few days by gentlemen from New Orleans, Nashville, isville, Wi N. C., and a few other Betas is flat, and, as they all acknow! le. Y : That was done, and the unfortunate man’s true to the letter. The sight was traly pitiable. and little children were famishing with hunger; and buta little while longer, and they would not have needed the bread vouchsafed the poor in this cold and cruel world, but have been bi with a feast of the everiasting bread of life. Beside the shoe business, there is another occupation Haverhill wortby of a brief note. it is the felt hat facto- ry of Howe & Mitchell. The factory is worked by steam, and felt hats ala Partsien are sent thence to New Orleans, Mobile, Savannah, Charleston, and other places in the South, as well as throughout the West. Nearly $200,000 worth of work is done per year. Some 75 hands are em- ployed, and from 78 to 80 dozen bats turned out per day, commencing in the virgin wool and ending in the perfect tile. 5 OUR SPECIAL SALMON FALLS CORRESPONDENCE. SALMO Faris, Mase., Jan. 25,1860. The Suicide of a Cotton Mill Agent—The Salmon Falls Manufacturing Company—A Prosperous Concern—A Model Mill—What the Girls do with their Money— Trade with China and Japan—South Berwick, dc., éc. This is purelyfa New England manufacturing village. Tt containg about two thousand inhabitants, nearly one half of whom are employed in the mills; and I must say, that of all the manufacturing towns I have visited, this and ita factories have impressed me most favorably. And yet it is less than a year since the then agent of the corporation, Mr. Varnum A. Shedd, cut his throat with a razor im the room where your re- porter was a few minutes ago, and deluged the floors and the walls and the wainscoting with his life’s blood Poor man, he undertook to take charge of the minpte de- tails of a cotton mill; his mind became bewildered; he tost confidence in himself; he tendered his resignation; it was accepted; the corporation made him a present of $500 in cash, and he cut his throat with a razor, in the best room of the elegant mansion the corporation allows as the gilded barracks of their local agency. ‘The Corporation is styled the ‘Salmon Falls Manufac- turing Company.” The agent is Mr. Joshua Con- verse, a gentleman of capacity and intelligence. He evidently knows how to keep a cotton mill. The corporation have two mills, five stories high, con- structed of brick, with a stone foundation six feet thick, resting on a ledge of rock. Mill No. 1 was built in 1844; it in 300 by 42 feet. No. 2 was built in 1848; it is 835 by €2 feet. in No. 1 the first two stories are supported by wooden piliars, Daiance by iron pillars. In No. 2 all iron pillars. The walls of the upper stories are 22 inches thick, those of the lower stories in the Pemberton wore only sixteen. Here are manufactured sheetings, drills ant cotton, commonly called ‘ canton ’ flannel—in gross, per annum, 4,000,000 Ibs. cloth, or from 11,000,600 ta 12,6u0,- G00 yarcs. About 10,000 bales of cotton, it is said, are hae ge per ag Whhicitee ian e corporation is prosperous. Within eight weeks 100,000 yards more of goods were manufactared than for the same period last year. All the a are sold in Boston. The capital of the company is $1,000,000. The last semi annual dividend was 3 per cent, leaving a reserved fund of $17,000. This year they buy cotton for three-fourths of a cent less per ib. than they did last year, and seil their goods at one-quarter cent per Ib. more than they then did. e In the milis there are employed 700 females and 200 mules. About twotnirds of the femaies are American, balance foreign, principally irieh, with bere and there some Scotch and English, and afew Canadian Freoch women ‘The lawer class is bewg gradually imtroduced, aud they are found to be geod workwomen ana thrifty. They save their moaey, and after baving accumulated w respectabie pile, they re- tarn to Canada aud tivecasy. The frieh are accumula- tive, but the principat part of their earnings 1 nent (o Ireland to bring hither some of their unfortanaie kindred. The Amerivar girls in this corporation are ty, pretty, virtuous, and therefore happy; some of them, white at. tending to the threads tm thetr looms, Jook as if the keys of a seven octave Chickering would not lose caste under their finger. Of the men two-thirds are Americans, the remainder mainly irish The weaviug giris average $2.a werk, besiie board, for which the corporation pays $125. ‘The girle in the spin ning nd card rooms varn $1 75 per week, also beside Doard; im the dressing rooms $269. They can board whore they please, but a8 the corporation owns nearly. tbe whole village, it don’t make much utflerence where they go. But few children under fifteen are employed inthe New Hampehire cotton mills. A law requires tha\ail children inthe State onder twelve years ol age aiaigat- tend sebool ex months in the year, and all uader aien ubree months, and certificates from twachersa to that off ot must be produced before ene ehitron een bo legally ear ployed im acotton null in the Prosecutus an ter thix law are, however, not unirequrat® @ The mills bave recently been supplied with new patent force pormps, for ee case of are. The Epiriuai welfare of the o »ra'ives ts well coneidered ‘There are three churches iw the village, Coug-vgational- ist, Methodist and. Catholic, and on the side of the river, in South Berwick, there are two and one Congregational churches. ‘The politics of Salmon Falls are—the Salmon Falls Manu- facturing Company and the introduction of their goods into China and Japan. Thousands and thousands of yards of. their goods are already folded and ed for shipment to those regions, especially China, where they are held in much favor, far above the Eng'iah. 0 ite this village is the town of Sonth Berwick, in which there is a cotton mill called the Portsmouth Com- paby, employing 250 hands, and running 8,000 spindles. NEW HAMPSHIRE. OUR SPECIAL NEWMARKET CORRESPONDENCE. Newmancer, N. H,, Jan. 24, 1860, The Newmarket Manufacturing Company a Close Corpora- tion—Their Dividends— Who Saves ?— A Churlish Agent— Clothing Business by Wholesale—Fast Horses—AU Can Win if they @o In to Lick the Niggers, dc., de. Newmarket is a compact town of 2,000 inhabitants; one- quarter of them are engaged in the mills of the Newmar. ket Manufacturing Company. These mills are three in number, built of granite, and are situated on the Lam- prey river; they run 563 looms, with 25,000 spindles, and manufacture shectings, shirting, cottons and corset joans— turning out 5,000,000 of yards per annum. The goods are eent to agencies in Philadelphia, New York and Boston— the bulk to the latter place. Formerly there was an agency in Baltimore, but that has been abandoned. No one here pretends to know where the goods goafter they reach the above named agencies. There are employed in the mills about four hundred persons, one-half of whom are foreigners, and about two-thirds of the whole number are girls. The wages of overseers are $2 per day, second do. $1 to $1 25. The pay of tho other omployé: averages about 37 cents per dey, working elevenjhours. It isa closo or sort of family corporation, being owned 1 Salem by Messrs. Pickman, Silabeo, Stone, and others; i Boston by S. Lawrence and others, and in Philadelphia b David S. The par value of the stock was origina ly $1,000 per share. Fail to pay dividends, the par value ‘was lately reduced to $700 per share, and they have been sold as low as $600. At the reduction the company declared @ dividend of 8 per cent in July last, and 3 per cent more on lst January current. These are all the divi- dends declared for a number of years. The corner stone of the first mill was laid in 1823, the second in 1827, and the third im 1830. They are putting in more machinery, and are bracing up some of the upper stories. There is another business of some importanc: n this briek little town, and that is the clothin: ipusiness. The mostly dress and overcoats, are sent to the metropolis for sale and export. The American marine have on their backs goods manufactured at this place, and thoroughly stitched by the people of New- market, N. H. Beeide the cotton mills and the clothing business, there js that among tho, Newmarket people which will awaken a lively interes: among the busy people of the Imperial Qty. We refer to horses. Newmurket has been the sire and dam of some of the best trot horses in the country. One stallion, a 2:34 trotter, called Ajax, is here, but he South next season; therefore we shall lose bim. He is owned by Major H. H. Smith, who may make himself acquainted with Southerners as he progresses. ‘Among the poiiticians in this town a mingling is calcula- ted to to unnatural and unprofitable results. The masses of the democrais favor Douglas, but the old democratic representative from this district, Hon. Mr. Rittrodge, says, “Let overybody slone, and take the candidate.”’ And they will. ‘As regards the republicanr in this town, they are of some account only for the reason of ti ir numbers. They can be beaten if the boys of Newmarket and South New- market and Durbam, all contiguous, conclude to “go in and lick the niggers.”” OUR SPECIAL EXETER CORRASPONDENCE. Exermr, N. H., Jan. 24, 1860. Exder Not a Go-Ahead Place—State of Society—A Fine Cotton Mill that Don’t Pay—No Trade With the South— Squattle Among the Printers—IUness of Hon. John 8. Wells—The Charleston Convention— Hon. Gilman Mars. ton—Commodore Long—Condition of Partics—Seward and Banks—Douglas Ahead—General Pierce—John C. Breckinridge—G@eneral B. F. Buller and the Supreme Court, de. Exeter had a population of 3,500 thirty-five years ago, has 3,500 now, and it is likely to have 3,500 thirty-five years hence. It is not a go-ahead place. It is, however, rich and aristocratic, and, therefore, its society is re- served and exclusive. One of the best cotton mills in the country is located here, where a prime article in the way of sheetings is manufactured. But the concern does not pay, although it has a little better show now than formerly, for the new agent, an ex-Postmaster of Monmouth, Mo., is exercising much energy and sagacity in its management. $100,000 has been invested in the establishment within a couple of years in the way of mew machinery, &c. The atructure is @ substantial one, and will probably stand so leng as the company think it advisable to carry on the business, minus dividends. About one hundred hands are em- ployed, mostly English, Germans and Irish, with a few Americans. ‘There is also an extensive carriage manufactory hore, employing from fifty to seventy-five hands. yh bots past year NE ‘This raid was in ase. Marston. Mr. Wells is very ill, 80 much eo that it is doubtful whether he will be abie to at- In that event, ressional the last clection, will take his place. United Statcs pavy, late Commander of the Mediterranean squadron, «iso resides here. etired of the genuine American service, and is & good naval Fagan a a'ye ‘ The black repul is arc in a large majority here. ‘They think that the Jobn Brown maranding expodition was a ‘‘ mad project#’ have held no sympathy meetings, nor tolled any bells, although the idea was suggested at the time of Brown’s execution. The nabobe of the party are in favor of Seward for the Presidency—the rank and file go for Banks. Among the democrats Douglas looms abead of all others, so far as this precinct is concerned. Une of the delegates to Charleston from the first district— George W. Stevens, Eeq., of Dover—is for Douglas all ‘over, and Judge John 8, , from this district, is also inclined in bis favor, With Jas as tho candidate it is here thought that New Hampehire will again wheel into the democratic line. Gen. Pierce is also favorably spoken of, but Douglas is the favorite ny Some meation is a'go made of Jobn C. Breckinridge, of Kentucky. The Supreme Judicial Court of the State is now holding asersion here, Judge Nesmith presiding. It is his début on the Supreme bench, and he is said to acquit himscif yery acceptably , notwithstanding he has had to deal with such an indefatigable and Spoken lawyer as General Benjamin P. Butler, of yuretts, as one of the counsel. The case on trial is an important one, concern- ing the validity of a will involving over $100,000. Tne nitting of the court brings a large number of the notables of New Hampshire to this secon and their political views: po iar ed in the preceding para- graph. S OUR SPECIAL DOVER CORRESPONDENCE. + Dover, N. H., Jan. 26, 1860. Prints— Dover and its Mayor—How to Make Officcholders Easn their Money—Douglas and Ex-President Pierco— Kepublicans in a Quandary—John Brown a Spectre, dc. ‘The goods of the Cocheco (properly Cochecho) Manu- facturing Company are known all over the United States. ‘The coporation is located in this city, has @ capital of $1,300,000, and employs 1,001 persons—3%5 males and 606 females. Ten millions of yards of goods are annually manofactured, and they are all printed at their own print works. The corporation has four mills, built of brick, with granite feundations. The first mill was constructed in 1822. The print works are carried on by steam power, and there is @ spare ateam engine of 150 horse power for use in the cotton mills when the water fails in summer, which is but seldom. The total number of looms is 1,143, spindles 48,432. The wages of the operatives ave- rage—weaving room, $2 per day; dressers, $3; web? drawers, $2; warpers, $2; spoolers, $1 12; mule spin ners, men, 75 cent per day; warp spinners, girls, $2 per week; fly framers, $2 50; slubbers, $2 25; drawing girls $150. Besides these wages, which are mostly earned by the piece, the corporation allows $1 12 per week for beard, giving the operatives the privilege of boarding where they please—the see end having no boarding boute of its own, like most of the other manufacturing corporations in New Eogland. A roajority of the femate operatives 18 Composed of foreigaers, principally Irieh. The corporation bas selling agents in Boston and New York. No goods are gold at the mills. Business is repre rented to be as good as itever was. For solidity of con- +truction the milis will ‘© favorably with ary cottop milis in the country. we 0 if The print of the Cocheco milla is an interesting insti tation Of itself. Tt must have been froin the machines used in this department of manufacturing estabhshment sor forty years past, invented by a Scotchman, that floe obtaived the idea of bis lightning six, eight and, I supposo, tu cylinder presses. The only wonder is that the system was DOL adapted to newspaper printing presses sooner town it was by the indomitable Hoe. In the printery of the Cocheco mille one hundred and fifty peraons are emplosed, the engraving department being under the superintendence of an intelligent Scotchman, Mr. Daniel Bodo, a brother of whom is i designer for the establishment, namber of pieces printed per week fe 7,000, thirty-three yards to the plece. The following is the order of business alter goous are brought into tho printery:—1. Bleaching; 2 Design- ing; 8. Engraving; 4. Printing, 5. Ageing (giving age to the fabric before ayeing); 6. Dyemg. {nen ioilow cea. ing, booking toto yards, &o. The goods are then put into draulic prees, preesed closely together, boxed up, and sent off to market. It may be wierestu. to your lady readers to know that tRe principal and most expensive article used in caijcoes for obtaining what is vermed “fast colors” is madder, & substance sowth, and one which enables the French t») «« © ail ocher coun- tries in the quality of their printed soos, becauee itgrows there, can Le obtained at a cheap rai, uo, therefore, the Freneh manufacturers can allord t» put’ me their prints. The cultivation of ma ider ba! minds of American agriculturisis tor 5 «an; but no suc. cessful results have followed from thrir «tempts to raise iton our soil, ‘Pile on the mad said American print works can furnish goods that will command tho world for a market. As it is, the goods surpass those of seme of the most celebrated English and Svotch factories. Captain Moree Paul is the agent ot he corporation, and Mr. George Matthewson, of Rhode Isinva, 18 superinten- dent of the print works The political proclivities of a\ the leading personages connected with the Cocheco mills are republicau. Capt. Paul is considerably *0, woenever the rheumation will allow him to cultivate a political sensation At such times be wants somebody w curse, and he caunot find anybody more suitable to his porpose than the de mocrais. Tho frenzy over, aud he is more reasonable ry gain. Dover is a city of moro than ordinary pumpkins in New Hampsbire. @bere are some 10,000 inhabitants within 1s Uimite, and their moral, gocial, iatetiectual and religions culture and safety are placed in the keeping of Mayor Bond, renowned allover the country for bis soda, tea, oyster, clam, lobster and crab crackers. He has a pair of fast crabs in the shape of a brace of pacers, which he is not atraid to show on or off the ice, to friends or strangers. Ho eays that although he is the “peopie’s Mayor,” Wat shall not prevent bim from driving a fast horse He is very popular among all clasees, and makes the lazy officeholders carn their: money, even if they have to take a shovel to do it. Imagine such a thing in the city of New York. ‘This city has some of the lustiest democrats in the Gra. nite State; with but a few exceptions they are a!) Dougias men. The democratic paper, the Gazette, ia Douglas firet, and the nemwee anyhow. An ingane idea is broached ot Starting another democratic paper here. It is acknow- ledged that it would be worse than folly, and disastrous to the interests of the party in any point of view. Ex-Presi- Gent Pierce vies ecores of friends here who would rejoice in his nomination if Douglas should fail. The republicans are ina quandary. They haves ma- + jority in the city, and could carry it for their Presidenua! nominee provided it is not Seward. They nearly all con- fees he 18 a@ load under which they could not even stagger. Banks, Chare, Bates and Pitt Fessenden have thew adherents for the Chicago nomination. The Gover- nor of Massachusetts leads them all. If I wanted to hire a person to curse soundly John Brown und bis acts, I should at this time select a New Hampehire black republican. They regard Brown asa spectre that will bannt them at their anticipated Presiden- tial feast, if it should not drive them from it altogether. 1 Rev. Mr. Alger, of Boston, lectured here last sight on ‘Ancient and Modern Chivairy.”” He took occasion, ax usual, to hurl some dirty stuff'at the South ant Southern ere, and was hiseed. Dover is not a place to be hum. bugged in its politics, eithor from the pulpit or in tho lec- ture room. CONNECTICUT. OUR SPECIAL FARMINGTON CORRESPONDENCE. Faruincrox, Conn., Jan, 13, 1360. The White Slaves of New England. It ts naturally asked if there were any negroes, male or female, employed in the Pemberton mills when that sad accident occurred, and, if so, how many? It is generally supposed tbat, with the paternal care of that pious State over what sho dubs her ‘colored population,” greator care and more security for life would have been taken. “This is a matter on which somo of your correspondents may be able to give us some information, for which we shall feel gratefu). I repeatedly hoar the remark, “What a pity these poor creatures could not have been colored, and had masters on the other eide of Mason and Dixon’s line.” TO THE EDITOR OF THE NEW YORK TRIBUNE. Faruinctoy, Comn., Jan. 16, 1860. Charles O’Conor’s Opinions Verified by Experience. I happened to come into possession of your paper of the 27th ult., by findmg it as a wrapper upon a parcel. An editorial headed ‘Conflicting Opinions”’ attracted my notice, the intention of which is to counteract the effect of Mr. Charles ©’Conor’s defence of slavery, in an address at a Union meeting a short time previous in your city. Thave heard and read much, proand con, on that subject, have a personal knowledge of its operation, having resided in the South six years, and witnessed the condition of tho slave in every slave State of the Union and the Wos, Indies; bave seen and studied the condition of the free blacks in all the free States, West Indies, Canada, Europe, Asia and Africa, and possessing as I do, twenty-two pass- ports and visés, should be allowed to have a practical knowledge on the subject, equal at least, to any, if not all of the distinguished individuals whose ipsi dizits you quote, together with your own. ‘So far, then, as my experience goes, I have never found slavery an evil to the African, but = great blessing. In every instance in which I have had an opportunity of any i £28 Li ; ef : : : i Z i r Fe z HI the government. In about eighteen months inquiry was instituted by the Parliament condition of the colony, when it was ascertained ‘that out of more than 300 famiiies only thirty remained. ‘The rest, the report said, were to be found in the neighbor- ing county jails. After they got through their six months’ provisions, they fell upon their oxen and cows, sold their farming utensils, and sallied out upon the cattle and sheep of the white settlements. Thus ended that colony—about tho fate of them all. How much of this generovity was dictated by truo philanthropy, and how much at our democratic instita tions, I will leave for others to judge for themselves. 1 bave suflicient cognizance of the matter to satisfy me the whole was intended to assist in breaking up our con- federacy. But, sir, there is little use of arguments, or even the clearest proofs, to refate the ipse dizits of base editors and hypocrites, eo long as they can find encouragement irom sbloed and dupes in thetr own country, Mr. ©’Conor was right when he said slavery was just, wise and beneficent, and you know it. You all know it as well as your patrons and every other individual over the entire world who know anything of that black race and slavery as conducted in our country, including the list of distinguished men whose spse dixits you copy, that it is not only a blessing to that race, bnt that ii anything will ever improve their condition in their own country, 1 will be their apprenticeship to pureuits of industry in others. But even this is only useful so far as it may go to silence men tainted with negro and other “isms” in our country, and defeat the enemies of our government abroad. Every atiempt at elevating the negro has, mtst and ever will fail, except to give him a master, and tuis you and your Prototypes koow ; aud that even the Liberia colony, on which our people have spent so much trea- sure, if it bas not already proved a failure, points conclusively to such a result. Stop the addition to their numbers, fresh from the-field of the master, and cut off donations, and they will sink back into worse than their original barbarism. However, as this is a foreign colony, it is of great benefit to every part of our Union, so far as it goes, to relieve us of the presence of the emancipated Dleck. If you can have the hardibood any longer to deny theee facts, let me tell you that all clases of the community are getting heartily tired of your croaking about the injustice and evils of slavery; and if you think that you have estab fished thene facta, it iw high timo for you and our faction to point out some remedy. If you cannot, per! ou can answer the following questions:—Ig not the elave- der as just, honorable and humane aa your Northern abolitionist? Would you take the slaves from the 1aaster without compensation? Would you Norge litical and social liberties and reocive them in the Brates it Southern States refused to allow them to remain’ Finally, can you point to apy remecy that would not bring Set evils upon ourselves as well as that inferior and benighted race? of tell us if you can, what business the free States have with the local institutions of the slave States, or even of Territo ries ? What business, in fact, have you with the affairs of other peopie? It is avery g maxim, that when every one minde his own business care is Laken of all. I have told you gome things { think you do know, and will now tell you others in support of slavery and Mr. O’Conor’s position, which, if you and your * irrepreesi- ble conflict” aseoclates do not know, you will flud outsooa after the close of the next Presidential clection—others do—t. ¢ , that our slavery, besides ben iitting the African, has been tho sole means of building up our Northern manocfactories ; that it has given us wore command and carrying trade than all the other industrial pursuits and weaith of tue pation combined; that it has been the principal meane of increasing our navy tenfold, and ang. Mepting Our commercial marine sino 1412, when it was only onc to twelve compared to that of England, until it now outnumbere the intter by many thousand, and given us the supremacy of the seas and oceans of the world whenever we choose to contend for it; that, besides other leading products, it bas given us the entire cotton monopoly, by which we are controlling nations and securing peace abroad; that it is furnishing a jarge proportion gi the foreign exchange and other business ior Wall atreet, paying tho debta of the North and geting in exchange their fabrice and Yavkeo c tions st ap excess over ordinary profits of twenty to thirty per cont granted them {a the shupe of protection; and inally, that it has been the means of making the uation independent, powerful an7 strong, and of placing us in the most enviable and proudest pow tion among ihe natieus of the carth—a positinn we uever cond have attained withont it. Koowing these, it ia difficult to determion whrtber you and otber acthe in the farce with you are moat kitave tool, ignorant or impudent. The best conclusion 1, perhaps, that you are a sort of nondescript, made up of all these jagredien: If yoa had uot been pos- gested of rome of thoee bai qualities in an eminent degree, you would not bave quoted from Daniel 5585 5 Ms 3 Webster in support of your fulsome dogmas, « statesman whose prociivities are s0 well known to have been in favor of our national slavery as guaranteed by the federal constitution, and whose assistance and support to the Fugitive Slave act brought down upon his grave sach ® tirade of abuse from the Firmgath Rock preas—por have givep the name of Brougham, who, like the notorious Wilks, palmed bimself off with vile flatteries upon the people, until they had raized him to sufficient importanes for @ government purchase, when he became most veritable tory and persecotor of the reform party they ever bad to contend against. , we were to ask this man Brougham, he could tell us, ‘ he chose, what others, as righteous imen ag he, have ‘id ine in Egland—that his government cared’ very Nitle for their colonies in Amertea, They were a troable- “(ine Bet; too enlightened to sleep any longer in the bed with their mother. ‘They had more territory in other parts of the world than thoy wished, except to keep other pations out and maintain monopoly; that the only thing they had ever grudged us was the African slayery the! had planted upon the soil, which they bad Searle fore. feen would give us a preponderance = tant staple of the world, and which ‘ieee been endeavoring to get the better of; but that attemps, #0 far, had failed; that the dissolution of our Union, either with or without emancipation, was tha onty means left them—they would prefer it without, ag in that. case there would be no falling off of supply, while it would give them the entire Southern murt, and as com. plete control of its products as if they were produced in their own colonies, and enable them the better to pat out of existence our Northern, manufactories; that on the other hand they would be compelled to look to thcir India, colonies, where it would take time and money to produce it Jn sufficient quantities, as without slavery our coin crop, like the sugar of their West India colonies, would fall oif to a mere fraction; that that much to be desired object would be consupmated at no distant day-—oar mushroom prosperity insured it; that they were only abiding th ir ‘Ume, encouraging and assisting it as best t! gould for the time being. No doubt of it; and uo doubt but sbo euvies her rival of the Northern Staves sush x boon as the South, whose peculiar institutions are of tenfolt more ad- vantage to them than to their neighbors, who suitor all tho laconveniences. If the North has not fownd out where their true interest lies they may do so when it is too late, Bat to facts Republican members in Congress wll tie south they have eighteen million inhabitants to eight, and their faction, virtually, that they will ilog them out of the Union and then flog them back into it again. Wo confess the Nortn pos- ferges a puritanical race very good at psalm singing aud Preaching treason, as tho unfortiuate Johu Brown pretty plainly told them {n bis marginal notes on a Beecher ser- mon. They are very good agitators, but expect others lo do the fighting; and these brave republicans forget that in the division they have made they bast to look two the other de, small as they make jt, for a leader and father; that on that side a plain, simple and unassuming ol planer was found, by the name of Lomas, who, at the bead of @ band of filtbusters trom the same side, stormed and carried the garrison at Baton Rouge, and gave us Louisiana; that old 8am, with slaveholders, gave as Texas and New Mexico; that u battle was fought aud wen agaist the greatest odds, and with the most compiote success upon. record, under Jackson, by raw recruits and volunteers, all from that side; ana if it had not beep tor the forces of the general government those Southern tire-caters would have added long ere now Cubs and half of Central Amer)- ca to our Union. We of the North had beter letour brothers of the South, 80 full of chivalry, alone, so long as they are dis- pored to fight for their own fun, the interest of the North and glory of tho nation in general, and look after those fellows of our own, whose acts are so likely to cause them to cut themselves adrift from us, and leave us to do our own fighting, and on our own resources. Our New England States are moro ready to embroil us in an internal war than they were to defend our sailors’ rights and resent the repeated insults w our flag in 1812, Maine holding on to the neutral ovarge, aud refusing aid to the general government to the end.” Hut England, disproving her policy and despisiug har friend- ship, invaded her all the same, and the federal guvern- ment left her to pay her own expenees. The aristocracy and clergy of theso States hava a pecn- liar affinity for monarchies, and would like to be taken back: under the wing of her parents, to enjuy nobitity and Charch and State; but the old woman turns a cold shoulder—sho knows their ineinuating and troublesome propensities wo well. She would give more for a smail corner ia Goorgia or some other cotton growing State, or ap opportunity of making a treaty of reciprocity and guarauteeiog the sepa- rate independence of @ Southern confederacy, than for all five of there States. Her statesmen are aware our Union bas built up the North, while it bas retarded tne South—- = the North hag, in fact, hung upon the South as an in- cubus. It is @ very old and true remark that fools aiways think their own ways the brightest, and that whom God would destroy He first makes mad. It is to be hoped our deluded Hd will take warning, to see thers is not an unknown id writ their fate upon the wall or suspending a Baked sword over their heads by a singis hair The question of the day is Union or disumion. Shall our government be preserved or dissoived? Panse, Mr. G., pause ere you spap the cord that binds us, lest ihe masses, disappointed and frantic at what they had dono (should it ever take place, which Heaven forbid!) mht fall first ‘upon those who had £0 basely deceived them. THE NEGROES IN CANADA, OUR TORONTO CORRESPONDENCE. Toronto, Jan. 10, 1860. The Laboring Classes Opposed to the Introduction of Blacks— The Uriderground Railroad—No More Black Laborers are Wanted—Misery of tne Blacks in Toronto, Montreal and Quebeo—The Blacks to be Used as Soldiers Against the United States, dic., dc. Your Southern friends derauge thei: digestion foolishly by their irritation against us Canadians for our imputed complicity in robbing them of their niggers. We hava our quota of fanatics and enthusiasts, the normal condi. tion of all society included within the domatn of civiliis- tion, but the mass are apathetic, and the laboring ‘not over anxious to encourage the importation of com, titors. Lord Elgin, always on the watch to convert pas! ing excitement to bia own pergonal glorification, created, im Western Canada the Rigin settlement, speciaily for escaped negroes—an experiment for which the farmers of that section bear him nogoo4 will. If their opinions could be collected they would say that the negro eloment is un- fitted to mix with the whites, not wanted in our labor market, and tends to lowe: the standard of society. Far better for colored gentlemen to exercise their facuities on the West Coast of Africa or in the sugar islands, The ein Sete railway iilustrates the inventive genius of the Yankee, and those who work ft gather more geld than the Pike's Peak diggers. If tho Southern men Started an opposition line to take the colored geatlomen South, and paid higher fares, they would not lack passengers. The journalists here prats about encouraging emi- rants, and expatiate on the attractions of our iavor mar- et—repeativg a formula of words after the sense had de- parted. We bave no need of !aborers; money wo wil? acvept in any quantity. Rat what can we do with labpr- ers, Whenever the wail of distress rises from the unam- ployed and half starved here in Toronto, in Montreal and Quebec, rousing by its agony the philanthropic and opu- lent to organize for their relief? Toe growth of our large cities developes the varied forms of human sufferiog—toe cbronic condition of the European capitals, There are some men with strong combative propensi- ties, who, dreaming eternally of war, eniist in anticipa- tion your trvant biggors as an offensive torco, in humble imitation of Napoleon's Turkos, If @ land torce wag necded, Sikhs, Caffres or Affihins would be steadier under fire, nod cheaper. If we have a’brush with you, the music of the guns will be heard on your sea cost; but, before that remote epoch presente ‘tgelf, the instinctive feelings which roused your Commodore in te Chinese waters, and extorted from him the uqble sentiment “that blood is thicker than water,”’ must cease to belovg to the American mind, Lectures by the Rev. E. G. Holland. Rey. E. G. Holland delivered a lecture on Humboldt, before the Young Men’s Christian Union, on Thursday week. It was weil attended, and ‘110 speaker mado acom- prehentive analysis of Tombollt’s literature and genius. He did nol (hick tho great German scholar had the order of facuues and the original insight which the great discoverers in science have usually possessed. Hence great original discoveries are not his distinction. Yet, said the , he has en! the area of human knowledge mnanded the ressurces of @ greater crudition than either of the fore uppercelved. various steps in bis early developement, showed that his objective and an- alyzing tendency fitiod ‘him for the sphere of the natural- ist—that in his synthetical range all the sciences took their place in unison. He is the veriter of sciences, in whom cach ene) ee like a ri rged in ly Of a collective nae Mr. Holland s) speaker, “I do not inquire. fruits—knowing that if these are noble, the paths of their Attainment cannot be wrong. Ite not the aim of nature aud of human existence to produce a special faith so much as it is to bring out the elements of a noble life. I do not know that Humboult had a special faith. I fancy that bis faith was 4° broa’ as his ecience.”? Mr. Holland also delivered a lectare on “Gocthe”’ last Thureday. ‘Carlyle’ is announced as the subject of his neat. The Contributions to the Lawrence Suf- ferers. TO THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD. The following donations, sent to me since the announce- ment made by the Mayor of Lawrence “that the amount aireaty remitted aud pledged was sufficient for the rotief of the suttrers by tho laie ¢alamity,” are held sudject to the order of the donors. All remaining uncalled for by the ist of February prox., will be appropriated to some other benevolent object:— ‘ $30 00 Fred. $1 00 Oly LAdge No. RC. 200 26, PRAM... 1000 Cash. 5 Ou John Adjey. wo CR, 20 Members of a Sumy. 100 100 00 + 20 5 00 * JOHN H. WATSON. No. 106 Beoapwir, Jam, 27, 1800, Obituary. nase Ps Sr4RR, Sr. one vt the three original founders of — BBic axteny dod at Orango, N, iT taet week.