The New York Herald Newspaper, January 9, 1860, Page 4

4 ‘ NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON NNSETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR, OFFICE N. W. CORNER OF NAS! TERMS, rash wm advonce. Money sent by mail will be at the Wisk of the sender. Postage amps not reewed as subscriion Tite DATE AERALD © copy $7 por annum. THE WEEMEY HERALD copy, or $8 por annie 1B sas cents por copy. 98 por or bo wo any purty tue Gulijornia Etition om the Ber copy. or Volume XXV. AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING, BOWERY THRATRE, Howery.—Tar Bious Fawiny—Ounistmas Tors. WINTER GARDEN, Broadway, opposite Bond street,— Ocroroon, Dapotante—ia- WALLACK'S, THEATRE, Broadway.—Mlomaxe 70 Ounse—Inisn Post. LAURA KBENE'S THEATRE, 64 Broadway.—Jaarm Deana. —LORD OF tne NEW BOWERY THEATRE, Bo: Toune—Moran: ‘Tusu Tigea. a Gooss AMD TH GOLDEN BRYANTS' MINSTREL jeobanica’ Hall, 472 Broadway— LS, Mé Buucesaves, Bones, Dances, &c.—Damow ax Primus. NIBLO’S SALOON, Broadway —Gzo. Onemrr's Mu. frame ut Bones, Dances, ‘Busiasqves, 4e—Mes, Dar's Huw Yeas Cais rou i860. COOPER INSTITUTE—Dr. Scuppan’s Luctuae Ovstoms, SUrsKsTITIONS AND AMUSBMESTS OF LyDIA. om ton POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE, Brooklyn.—Dxarro: AR Low Orekss—Senow ULiviBRA, vio NEWARK THEATRE, Newark.—Woon’s Mivsrasis ix Bravorian Soncs, Daxers, ba—New Yess Cas. New York, Monday, January 9, 1860. ees MAILS FOR EUROPE. The New York Herald—Edition for Europe. ‘The Cunard mail steamship Canada, Captain Lang, will leave Boston on Wednesday for Liverpool. The European mails wil! close in this city to-morrow af- ternoon, at half-past one o'clock, to go by railroad, and at three o'clock, to go by steamboat. The Evrorsay Epmoy or Tux Hxratp will be published At te o'clock in the morning. Single copics in wrappers Bix cents, Subscriptions and advertisoments for any edition of the New Yous HsRaLp will be received at the following places in Berope:— Loxpon.. ..Sampeon Low, Son & Oo., 47 Ludgate Hill. Lansing, Starr & ©>., 74 William street. Panws,....,Lansiog, Baldwin & 0o., 8 piace do Ia Bourse. Livimpoot. ‘Lansing, Starr & Co., No. 9 Chapel street, R. Swart, 10 Exchange stroot, East. Havrs..... Lansing, Baldwin & Co., 21 rue Corneille. Hanpuars.. De Chapeauronge & Co. The contents of the Evrorsax Eprrion or TH Hera will combine the news received by mail and telegraph at the office during the previous week and up to the hour of publication. The News. By the arrival of the Arabia yesterday evening, ‘we received news from Europe, with commercial advices, to the 24th of December—three days later. The reports of the political excitement in this country, with the accounts of the John Brown raid, which had reached England, do not appear to have affected American securities injuriously, as the latest circulars report an advance in some descriptions of stocks. Great attention had been attracted by the publi- cation of a pamphlet entitled “The Pope and the Congress,” signed by M. de Laguerroniere, but sup- posed to have been written by Napoleon, which will have the effect of settling the vexed question of the temporal power of the Holy Father by thas body. The Congress was to meet on the 19th instant. Freeh hs of the Spanish army in Moroeco are repo Rassia had effected the conquest of the Caucasus, and the great war, which had endured there for half a century, was at an end. The despatch of our special correspondent at Washington this morning will inform our readers of the present position of the factions and the dif- forent ideas proposed for tho vegeulsation of the House of Representatives. Despatches from our Minister to China, Mr. Ward, received at the De_ partment of State, say that the Chinese were car- rying ont the provisions of the new treaty by pay- ing all the claims presented. Mr. Preston, our Minister to Spain, writes to the Department that the ponding difficulties with that government were in a fair way of an amicable adjustment. Governor Letcher, of Virginia, in his message to the Legislature of that State, on Saturday last, recommends that a Convention of all the States in the Union be called to settle the question of sla- very, which is at present distracting the country. He also recommends the fostering of direct trade with Europe, encouraging manufactures, the me- Chanic arts, aud the completion of the public works of the State. In another column will be found a report of a meeting of the members of Mr. Beecher’s church, in Brooklyn, on Friday evening last, when the gen- tlemen amused themselves in abusing one another, and in endeavoring to starve out anti-slavery asso" Ciations because they are not as anti-slavery as they think they should be. The warfare is to bere- Bumed to-merrow night, when there will doubtless be pretty sharp firing. Much annoyance is experienced by merchants and others by the continued failure of the Southern pails. Six from New Orleans are now due. ‘The sales of cotton Saturday embraced about 800 a 900 Dales: the market closed quietly on the basie of about 1c. for middling uplands, Flour was without change of moment in prices, while the market was more active: Bouthern brands were in larger supply, and prices come lems buoyant, though not quotably lower. Wheat was Jean active, and the demand for export limited, while in fhe absence of sales of importance is were ‘unchanged and nominal. (Corn was and sales Moderate at prices given elsewhere, Pork was more active and firmer, with sales of meas at $16 25, and of prime at $11 75. Sugars were firmer, with sales of @dout 1,100 hhds. Cuba muscovado, closing at an advance of 3c. om the week's sales: the transactions also em- Draced 61 bags Zanzibar, at 73;c. Coffee was firm, with Bales of 860 bags and 250 mats Java, at 160.; 1,000 bags Common Rio at 1lc., and 120 do. prime at 18Xc. Freight engagements were modcrate, and rates unchanged, Waar Has Become or ram Atiaxtio Tsix- Grarut—It has been proposed by the friends of the Atlantic telegraph that the work upon it should be recommenced during the coming sum- mer, afd = new subscription of stock was commenced some time since in England. Tt is to be hoped that the enterprise—of the nitimate success of which there can be no reasonable doubt—will be carried through @uring the present year, when some otter great lines will be finished. The East Indian line from London to Calcutta has already been to Aden, on the Red Sea, and by the ist of August the India Board at London can hold hourly consultations with the Gover- nor-Genéral at Oaleytta, Bombay or Madras, This line will be speedily extended to China. We are not bebind hand in telegraphic enterprises, and it is highly probable that be- fore the next New Year's day the telegraphic line across this continent will be completed by a wire between San Francisco and St Louis. With the Atlantic cable, we could then com- plete the electric chain around the world, and “puta girdle round about the earth in less thea forty minutes,” { important from Burope—Virtaal Settle- ment of the Italian Question. The Arabia arrived yesterday, bringing three days later news from Europe, the most important part of which is 4 pamphlet by Na- poleon on the Italian question and the tempo- ral power of the Pope, which we publish in fall elsewhere, together with the comments thereon by the English press, Before the opening of the Italian wara pemphlet was issned by the French Emperor, entitled “Napoleon the Third and Italy,” which foreshadowed accurately all the events of that campaign down to the peace of Villa- franca, and the results proved that the policy laid down in that brochure was clesely followed to the end. The present pamphlet—‘ The Pope and the Congress”—mnay be accepted as fore- shadowing the action of the approaching Eu- ropean Congress on the affairs of Italy, and may be looked upon as a virtual settlement of the Italian question. In subsiance the Emperor proposes that the Congress shall admit the necessity of the Pope retaining a.certain temporal power, but shorn of ali political authority, and free from the cares and troubles of government, and that his territorial possessions shall be confined to the city of Rome, where he shall be maintained in regal state, with a suitable court, by contribu- tions from the Catholic nations; that the Ro- magna, which has declared itself unwilling to submit to the Papal sovereignty, will not be restored to the Pope by the aid of France, which, as a Catholic nation, cannot consent to strike so serious a blow at the moral power of Catholicism, or, as a liberal nation, could not compel a people to submit to a geverament which their will rejects; nor will France allow Austria to restore it by force of arms, France, having run the risk of a great war, gained four victories, and lost 50,000 men, cannot consent to the reinauguration of Austrian domination in Italy, and cannot permit her to resume on the morrow of peace the domination she exer- cised on the eve of defeat. It is urged that as it was the treaties of 1815 which determined the political existence of Italy and its territorial divisions, the Congress of Paris in 1860 has full power to alter what was settled by the Congress of Vienna; that Europe, which in 1815 could sacrifice Italy, can in 1860 emancipate and save her. These views have been received with favor by all shades of party in England; the organs of the Palmerston and the Derby governments alike applaud them, and the political prestige of Napoleon seems to have greatly advanced in England by the publication of these senti- ments. The pamphlet may be considered as giving the key note to the European Congress on the Italian question; and, looking at the position of Europe generally, we cannot perceive why it should not be viewed asa virtual settlement of the destinies of Italy, Eng)and hesitated to participate in the Con- gress until France defined her position as to Italy. Napoleon has defined it now; and Eng- land cheerfully accepts his solution of the dffi- culty. Austria, in the face of the declaration of the French Emperor, cannot interfere in be- half of the dissevcred possessions of the Papacy. Russia, favorable all along to the Napoleonic view of the affairs of Italy, will doubtless ao- quiesce in a measure which curtails the tem- poral power of the head of the Roman Church. Prussia and the other Protestant countries will naturally sustain this settlement of the Italian difficulty; and thus Napoleon, master of the situation, can dictate to all Europe, in the ap- proaching Congress, the terms upon which the future destinies of the Italian peninsula shall be decided. It is a bold and comprehensive idea, worthy of Franoo, and creditable to the sagacity of the Emperor. It is just such a solution of the Pa- pal problem as we have urged long ago in these columns; and it is the only one by whioh the troublesome question of the united spiritual and temporal sovereignty of the Supreme Pon- tiff could be finally settled. The adjustment of Italian affairs being thus arrived at, as we conceive it is by the publica- tion of this important pamphlet, the European Congress will have little difficulty in arranging the minor questions which may come before them; for Italy, and the Pope’s anomalous po- sition as prince and pastor—in one capacity guiding the souls of millions of men, and in the other attempting to govern a disaffected peo- ple by the aid of foreign bayonets—has long been the chief difficulty in European diplomacy. Tae Contest Apour THE Brooxiyn Ferry Leases.—We see that Judge Hogeboom has postponed for a month the argument on the injunction restraining the Comptroller from selling the ferry leases. The object of the delay isto give the Brooklyn people an op- portunity of establishing the charges of collu- sion between the Union Ferry Company and the Common Council, which they have pre- ferred in their bill. There is sufficient pre- sumptive evidence of it, we should say, in the fact that the sale of these leases was forced: on fourteen months before the time of their expira- tion and under conditions that rendered compe- tition with the monopolists impossible. So long as the city of New York was not to be damaged in her interests the Common Council was bound to pay some little attention to the re- monstrances. of the Brooklyn people, who have the deepest stake in this question, and to afford them, as an appanage, such relief as was possible under the circum- stances. All they asked for was either to limit the Uftion Ferry Company to the cent fare, or in case of their declining to accept that condition to put up the leases separately, the Brooklyn Common Council guaranteeing New York any deficiency of revenue that might ac- crue from the arrangement, The refusal to en- tertain these demands in any shape certainly indicated on the part of the Common Council of New York a strong bias towards the interests of the Union Ferry Company; and ae that asso- ciation is wealthy and our Councilmen not im- maculite, the presumption has gained ground that money has been freely used to insure it. The new Common Council have, we see, direct- ed the Comptroller not to put up the leases for sale until he receives further orders. We trast that these instructions have been given from a desire to do full justice in the premises, and not with a view to afford the monopolistsau op- portunity of bringing to bear the convincing arguments which are believed to have in fluenced their predecessors. Mvp axp Msrsorotocy.—The other day all the nice young men and pretty women herea- bouts were sleishing it in grand style on the avenues, with the thermometer at or about zero, But on Saturday, up wert the thermo: NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, JANUARY 9, 1860, meter and down went the barometer. Tho snow began to melt, the streels were aukle deep with slosh and salt and dirt all mixed in one nasty mers, and the tribulations of pedes- trians, especially the fairer section of them, were awful to see and disgusting to share. In the evening came a heavy rain, which washed off a portion of the streets and made others entirely impassable. Yesterday was a bright, warm, clear, lovely day; but thousands were prevented from enjoying outdoor exercise by the filthy condition of the streets. Something should be done in the way of cleaning them without delay, The Reaction Among Merchants and Manulacturers—The Pergistamce in Running Sherman Doing its Work. A deep and pervading conviction is taking possession of the public mind that the doc- trines and policy inculcated by the leaders of the abolitionized republican party are causing areal and business estrangement between the North and tbe South which must be prejudicial to both parties, but most 0 to the North, and which, if persisted in, must lead to revolution and the reign of terror and blood. For the South, the question is one of self- preservation, of safety to the homes and lives of their loved ones, of the value of all proper- ty, and of the security of the hard sought earn- ings of years of toil. Mr. Seward proclaims an “irrepressible conflict,” which shall destroy the entire existing order of things at the South, and ends his brutal and bloody harangue with the rhodomontade exclamation, “Where liberty is, there my home shall be.” Helper follows soon after, counselling the most violent courses, and sixty-eight republican members of Congress, including John Sherman, the present republi- ean candidate for Speaker, sign a circular recommending the book, and urging their par- tisans to contribute money for its wide circula- tion, John Brown follows the practice endors- ed by John Sherman, and makes a practical demonstration of Seward’s theories. When justice overtakes him, the fanatics who have fed on Seward’s theories and Helper’s teach- ings mourn over him asa saint and a martyr. Several of the abolitionized republican leaders have become alarmed at the evident shock these facts have given to the public mind, and one of them, Senator Doolittle, of Wisconsin, denied on the floor of the Senate that there was any sym- pathy for John Brown among his constituents. In contradiction of the Senator’s statement, a reliable correspondent in Milwaukee writes us as follows about the manifestations at John Brown’s execution:— In the southern counties, those that roll up large repub- lican majorities, the feoling raged almost to a frengy. At Racine, the home and residence of Senator Doolittle, the church and public bells were rung on the day of his exe- cution in bis honor, Meetings in differ ent localities have been quite numerous, and the John Brown sermons have been preached from a dozen or more pulpits, some of them declaring the q which he was hung as sacred ba the Cross of cur Saviour. This extract truthfully descrfbes the fanati- ciem into which the abolitionized republican leaders have led their deluded followers, and which has so shocked the common sense and patriotism of the country. The first regults are seen and felt in the awakened sense of self-respect and self-defence in the South, leading them to decline to purchase and use articles manufactured by s people who declare such a bloody war against them. Southern Senators come into the halls of Con- gress clothed all in homespun, or in the pro- duct of foreign looms; Southern rajlroad com- panies pass resolutions to use no articles but those of local manufacture; Southern planters decline to purchase the woven fabrics, ma- chinery, harness and implements produced in the abolitionized North, and Southern legisla- tors cogitate how a differential license tax may be imposed on Northern traders. To such an extent does this feeling operate at the present time, that our hotels and merchants already feel rencibly the absence of the usual Southern purchasers who come to buy goods for the spring trade, and there is a well founded con- viction that the sale of goods usual in the now opening season for the Southern markets will be much smaller than it has been for many years. This conviction is so pressing, that many of our merchants have got up circulats, ‘and sent them throngh the South, showing their soundness on the question of the day, and rejecting all affiliation with the black repnbli- can theories of Seward, the counsels of Helper» the endorsement of Sherman, and the practice of John Brown. The local manufacturers in this.region are also feeling the pressure, and beginning to move, as is evident from the con- vention which those of Connecticut have called to meet at Meriden, in that State, on the 18th instant, These facta, which are now coming home to the pockets of the leading merchants and ma- nufacturers inqghe North, will soon be felt in the pockets of the thousands in their employ- ment, The pressure is increased by the per- sistance of the black republicans to elect as Speaker Sherman, the endorser of Helper and recommender of the treason shops in New York. The longer they insist upon that revo- lutionary movement, the greater will be the excitement and the more intense the feeling of the popular mind against them. Men are be- coming convinced of the danger of permitting this abolition fanaticism to go on ruling their political action. Merchants and manufacturers already feel the evil of government deviating from the path of its duty, to enforce moral theories and one sided notions of abstract right. Artisans and laborers, finding their daily earn. ings diminishing, are beginning to inquire of each other, “What right have Northern politi- cians to dictate what shall be done in the South? and why should we be the sufferers by their intrigues for office aid the spoils?” The obstinate refusal of the republican members to abandon Sherman, when they see that his eleo- tion would be the signal of revolution, and in- tensify still more the excitement against them even at the North, is producing its good effects everywhere. Let them continue to votesturdily for Sherman, and let the national men continne the argument, and there will soon be nothing Duta small remnant left of the abolitionized bee: Prorosep Dissotvtion op Concasss.—In the course of an extended and spirited speech de- Jivered in the House by Mr. Miles, of South Carolina, on Friday, he suggested that Con™ gress should be dissolved, after the manner of the British House of Commons, and that an ap- peal shonld be takem to the people. This is, perhaps, the most sensible suggestion that has been made since the turbulent mass meeting which calls itself the House of Representatives came together at Wasbingtow. If the members of Congress should all resign and go home to their constituents, we should see o different prder of men returned to their seats. The coun- try is now in such a condition that it especially needs the services of its best mem. Instead of that, we find at Washington a set of small poli- ticians squabbling over prospective speils. When the most utter chaos reigns in the House, when there is no order, no dignity, no self re- spect among the representatives of the nation, the best thing they oan possibly do is to retire into that obscurity from which they have emerged only to cover their country with shame. Am Appeal to the Philosophy, Common Sense and Patriotism of the American People. The dissemination of the incendiary volume of a Southern renegade, the treasonable and bloodshedding foray of John Brown, and the assertions of Wm. H. Seward that the conflict between slavery and freedom is “ irrepressi- ble,” have brought the Union to the verge of dissolution, and are likely to destroy the grand- est confederation that ever yet existed. The happiness of at least twenty millions of white people is about to be exchanged for anarchy and confusion, our strength to become weak- ness, our commerce to fall into decay, and the rale of contending and ambitious States, like those of ancient Greece, temporary, unstable and bloody, to usurp the benignant sway of peaceful and liberal institutions. Is it too late to interpose a fraternal hand and separate the thoughtless and irritated combatants? What is this slavery which is made the basis of our present political conflicta? and what the race for whom, unconscious of the difficulty it is oocasioning, we are ready to massacre each other? This race is one marked by the hand of God with peculiarities which render it totally un- able to assume or maintain any national charac- ter. In their native land, where these negroes enjoy freedom in its widest sense, they have never emerged from barbarism. If the power to wield ourown physical and political strength is freedom, if the absence of restraint is the highest gift to man, then why have not these negroes with such privileges be- come a great nation? Why, if human nature alone and of itself is capable of the greatest and bappiest achievements, why do we not find this result in Africa? On the contrary, we know the negroes in their native land, from the earliest periods of their history, have been di- vided into petty tribes, under petty chieftains, ignorant, stupid, barbarous and cruel, engaged in continued strife and bloody expeditions against each other. Providence has, in its phy- siological influences upon these individuals, given them muscle, length of limb, oblique po- sition of the head, elongation of the heel, pecu- liar texture of skin for purposes suited to their condition, or else given them in vain. These plainly indicate servile labor and protection against a tropical sun. With regard to their mental endowments, we affirm that among the millions who have lived and died in their own country, or in other lands where they have been introduced and increased in numbers; there has not existed, at any time these thou- sand years, @ score of distinguished authors, poeta, historians, or men of letters, or even intelligent Christians, Whenever they have gained a political ascendancy, as in the Caribbean seas, or on their shores, they have uniformly shown themselves cruel, ferocious, disorderly and incapable of a regular government. In the United States, whenever they have become freemen, or wher- ever they live in groups together in our cities, they have im general adopted the lowest grade of pursuits, and seem to live in contented sub- servienee to the white population. Our free schools and Sunday schools, founded and sus- tained for the education of their children, are rarely fall, and the attendance of the scholars is uncertain and temporary. At a general convention held by them a few years since in Philadelphia, it was ascertained that out of a considerable number who had learned mechanical pursuits, but a very limited portion cared to practise them. It is quite un- necessary to refer to iheir position and career in St. Domingo, or Jamaica, or Venezuela, but one curious fact may be stated in relation to the French island of Martinique, that the beau- tiful towns, dwellings and public works former- ly existing there under the French dominion are now in ruins, while the colored population throng the streets in idle mirth, and sleep in the midday sun, with wooden blocks to serve as pillows to their heads. So much for the race and its characteristics. Now what is freedom, that cabalistic word which is sounded from the tribunes of dema- gogues, and the pulpits of fanatic priests? It is no more nor less than a system of wise and universal restraint, so that no man may use his natural rights irrespective of the rights of others, It is the system of God himself. Order is Heaven’s first law; by this the planets are governed, and limits and spheres, and attrac- tion and gravitation, and the other great ar- rangements and forces of nature, remain undis- turbed. It isthis principle of pereonal restraint which lies at the foundation of all good laws, which regulates the relations and subordina- tions of child and parent, servant and master, the soldier and his chief, ward and guardian, and maintains the position that things innocent in themselves shall not be permitted when they lead to the injury of others, This alone is freedom, and the freedom ofcivilization and of religion; itis the freedom of checks and balances, and is worthless in any other form. The slavery which we see in the Southern States is precisely the result of the necessity of restraint upon 4 class too ignorant to exercise self control, brought into this condition by a foreign Power and against the wishes of the early colonists—upon a class which has in- creased.in numbers from the very fact that they are well fed and clothed, and have but light labor to perform. This is the principle which governs the law of population and gives the lie to the doctrines of the abolitionists, that they are il] treated and improperly governed. One of the most considerable arguments against the slave system is that it separates families. Is this separation péculiar to the négro race? What do we see among ourselves every day, and in the North? Families are continually breaking up and separating, never perhaps to meet again. What American house- hold remains intact from youth to old age? In what part of the country more than in New England, the hotbed of abolitionism, do we witness this separation of families, and gene- rally under the most pinching necessities and an actual struggle for existence. Are the sen- sibilities ef the negro greater than those of the white man? The former is sure of subsistence and comparative comfort, go where he may, while the New England exile suffers a thousand pangs, perhaps, in going forever from his Plymouth Rock and his big elm trees, that give a shade but bear no fruit The moral evil of ‘slavery, place it in what light we please, is at least one not destructive of life, mor occasioning destitution of food, while other evils—such as war, tornadoes, earthquakes, pestilence and famine—involving absolute starvation, misery, and lose of life, weem to excite no pity, no regret, in the breasts of these negro philanthropists. Indeed, some of them, seeing the utter inconsis- tency of their philosophy, and the difficulty which is involved in selecting one part alone of the moral government of the world as the theme of their complaints, are obliged to ignore the very existence of God, and to reject the Bible—His revelation—as a fiction and a false- heod. Among these monomaniacs we may rank Wendell Phillips, Gerrison, Emerson, Beecher, Cheever, and their associate hotheads. Theactu- al miseries of life, such as want of food, of fuel, of employment, against which industry and perse- verance are continually called to struggle, and which make so many millions of men uahappy and desperate, the slaves of this country never know; and these evils are really at the bottom ofall the disorders of free populous States. We say it with reverence, that American slavery is practically the least of all the misfortunes which beset eur mortal state. Mes the aboll- tionists, if they are so philanthropic, take up the poor, degraded outcasts of the North, re- store them to their first estate, feed and clothe them, and give them freedom of positien, and seourity for the griefs of life. Why deal for- ever in abstractions, when they have before their eyes a field of pure humanity to cultivate and adorn? What then, is the upshot of this matter? Is it notolearly our duty to giveup these miserable abstractions and sophiams and do something for the peace of our Jerusalem? Willa bloody social war remove slavery?—will the cut- ting of throats and the ravishing of the wives and daughters of our Southern neighbors give any relief to our country, or silence our infidel abstractioniste? Would the liberation of a horde of ignorant and lawless negroes benefit the North, or increase its pros- perity and contentment? Miserable and fallacious expectation! The chaos which would follow such a measure no man can* anticipate or foresee. The wretched consequences would outstrip all calculation. Let this question, then, be settled by the universal co-operation of our wise men, our religious men, pure and simple, and our statesmen. Let us give full protection to the people of the South in the enjoyment of their slave property, particularly since there alone it is valuable. Let us prevent by law all future attempts such as have been made by Brown, and let public opinion mark with execration any man who, under any pretence whatever, seeks to disturb the public tranquil- lity, as guaranteed by the constitution and the laws. The Legislature at Work—The Politicians and Their Schemes—The Lobby Harpies and Their Prey. The republicans of our State Legislature, unlike the republicans in the House of Representatives, have a clear majority in both houses, and accordingly organized the Senate and Assembly without any trouble, and to their utmost satisfaction. This done, the Legislature only met pro ferma for the last few days, without doing auy business, hhrorder to afford the lobby and the professional politicians an opportunity of arranging the committees for the Speaker, and also to gain time for caucusing their various schemes, They therefore go to work this evening, and we may expect speedy developements of cor- ruption and public plunder, and political ras- cality of the deepest dye. The harpies, those foul and ill-omened birds of prey, may be seen hovering and circling and figuring in dusky flight about the Capitol at seven o’clock P. M., ready to pounce with their filthy talons on the people’s money in the State Treasury. The various matters to be brought before the Legislature have already been enumerated in the Heratp; but the principal may be now classed under two general heads, and these sub-divided each into two heads more. First, the measures of the lobby, and second, the measures of the politicians. The measures of the lobby are the railroads and the canals. The measures of the politicians are the Personal Liberty bill and perfect freedom of voting for all negroes, with- out regard to the property qualification which now exists—measures to which the event at Harper’s Ferry and the series of events which have followed in its train will lend a more than ordinary degree of interest. The lobby and the politicians will play into each other’s hands, and by a corrupt combination between them, a bargain and sale of conscience and of the public interests, they will be able to carry into effect their obnoxious plans, to which the whole business of the session will be made sub- setvient and subordinate. ‘The nigger will be the principal, indeed the only, topic of # political nature which his wor- shippers will permit to occupy either house. The Personal Liberty bill was defeated in the Senate last session, by the influence of Senater Diven, then the leader of the republican party in the Legislature. This bill is nothing else than a direct nullification of the plain pro- visions of the constitution of the United States and the Fugitive Slave law of Congress. Senator Diven opposed it on this ground, and was successful But the times have changed since them The leaders of the republican party have become thoroughly abolitionized, and they now trample under foot, and spit upon, and execrate the constitution. They endorse Helper’s Impending Crisis, and make a demigod of John Brown, the traitor: cut-throat and horse thief, because he did his best #% overthrow the constitution and the federal government by violence and bloodshed. And, as every significant fact, we may add that Senator Diven, for his opposition to the Personal Liberty bill, was defeated as # candi- date for the nomination of Judge of Appeals in the State Convention at Syracuse, under the direction of Seward’s man Friday, Thurlow Weed. There will be little difficulty, therefore, in now passing the bill, particularly with the aid of the lobby, to whom a guid pro quo will be rendered in the shape of spoils. Under the same fanatical influence, the bill permitting ne- groes to vote indiscriminately will be carried, in order to swell the republican vote for the Presidential election. The canals, on which nearly fifty millions of dollars of the public money have been already expended, have been hitherta in this State & prime source of corguption and plunder every party in power. ‘he republicans have now the upper hand, and they will turn their position to good account. Tike canals are to be either enlarged or completed, thus affording @ wide field for numerous jobs; or they are to be sold and become the property of the railroad interest, the greatest job of all. Their revennes have already been sacrificed to that interest and all that remains is to “let the tall ge with the hide.” Instead of yielding any revense te pay the old debts for which they aze pledged, the canals are getting deeper an@ deeper into new debt every yoar. There ia, therefore, a plausible excuse for the sale; end hard as this would be upom the people, and great as is the villany at the bottom of it, we think, on the whole, it would be better to get rid of the canals by public sale than to re tain them as a source of continual corruption, and to plunge the State into an abyss of endless debt accumulated by compound interest. Te pander to the fanatical spirit of the Sabbate- rians or their representatives, and to gain thele votes by a pious fraud, the sanctimonious mea- eure of the closing of the canals on Sunday &® to be brought forward and supported with the most hypocritical zeal. The New York city railroads, in which the lobby are so deeply interested, will.also be on the tapis. Last session the Assem- bly was made “all right;” but the obstinacy of three or four conscientious Senators floored the measure in the Semate. This session, how- ever, it is expected it wild be carried triumph: ently in both houses. The ‘Broadway Railroad” is the grand trunk line of the scheme. That is to be carried, either im the shape of a “parallel” Broadway rail- road, or under the pretence of its being a railroad to “Yonkers.” The law of 1864 declares that the Common Council shall noé permit the construction of a railroad in any of the streets or avenues, if it commences and ends in the city. The plan, therefore, of the operators is to ssy that the road will commence in Westchester county, and thus evade the law. In connection with the Broadway swindle, by which it is intended to enrich a few men at the public expense, there are several branches ramifying if different directions, and these will soon be brought to light, Let our readers keep a sharp look out, aa@ we pledge ourselves they will soon see a greater amount of robbery perpetrated by their repre- sentatives at the capital than the aggregate of all the property stolen by all the criminals who now inhabit the three State prisons, and. all who have been inmates since the Sing Sing, Auburn and Clinton cages of every unclean bird were built. Message of Governor Letcher, of Vir Ricuwonn, Va., Jan. 8, 1868. Governor Letcher’s message was delivered to the Legig- lature yesterday. It begins by alluding to the happy tram- quility of an earlier period of the republic, which has ‘been interrupted by the interference of the citizens of the Northern States with the rights and institutions of the South. In Massachusetts, Wisconsin, Vermont, and per- haps other States, legislation hag been employed to ée- ri piesa, fugitive slave law within their It is cheerfully conceded that a large portion of the citizens of the North are loyal to tho constitution an@ Union, but it ia pot to be disguised that a large number. are indifferent to both, and prefer dissolution to the ex- tension of the alave territory and slave States. This la- mentable state of things originated in the construction by Northern people of the constitution. He suggests that a convention of all the States be summoned, and that fall ‘and free confereng be had te ascertcin if the questions im Controversey cannot be settled on some basis mutaalty satisfactory to both sections. If the difference be irre- Concilable, let the question of a peaceable separation be discussed. He recommends the Legislature to adops resolutions in favor of calling such a Convention as is Provided in the fifth article of the coustitution, and ap- Peal to the Legislatures of the several States te unite in the application proposed to be made te Congress in pursuance of the provisions of this artica. If the free States fall or refuse to unite in the applica- tion, it will furnish conclusive evidence of a dotermination on their part to keep up agitation. If the Convention meet, and the question cannot be satisfactorily adjusted, it will furnish evidence equally cenciusive. Ho also sug gests that a commission of two of our most experienced. matesmen be sppointed to visit the Legislatares of those States which have passed laws to obstrnot tls execution of the Fugitive Slave act, and insist, in the name of Virginia, upon their uncondi- tional repeal. This controversy has now reached @ point which demands a specdy settlement if the Union is to be preserved. Virginia is prepared to do all thas honor, patriotism and duty enjoins towards its preserva- tion. Nevertheless, it is the duty of the State to be pre- pared, and the Governor recommends the revision of the militia laws, that munitions of war be procured, that Philadelphia Items. Purtapsiraia, Jan. 8, 1860, The friends of John, Winans say that ihe remains re- cently found in the cellar of the ley Almshouse were undoubtedly his, having been identified by marks of tre- pening on the skull, and insinuate that the evyue Hospital, claiming to be The Southern Mall. Waskincton, Jan. 8, 186® No Southern mail waa received to-day, Thero are new eeven New Orleans mails due. - Markets. Cotton unchanged: salen to-day 2,000 bales’ at’ 10%¢6. @ 104c. for middling. — Cotton firm. Sales to-day B00) balonot 10 Oey for middling. Sugar 70. 7}60. _— Cincixnatr, Jan. 7, 1860. Foonr dull and unchanged in price; demand limited. Whiskey in better demand and advanced ; Sean se 5S; Le RY cage 4 and 4 a ; Tecel it in dcmand. Meee" pork $16 80. BA sosase at 6c. and 80. for future deligery, with buyers, tana tose pee tice a One nee if ; r iit Buanmna Casvanry.—Philopewy. Doatey, a woman, residing at 117 Eighth » oot, was burned to catching fire inf fivid lamp. Coroner Jack- man held an inquest upon ne body of deceased yester- Gay. Doosased was two”, ty seven Yours oF age. iil