The New York Herald Newspaper, November 16, 1859, Page 6

6 Ni Ww YORK HERALD. | to disappointment from the feilare of the Bolly ga ES GORDON BBENNATT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. s. Ws OONER OF NABSAC AND FULTON BTS. VARMA, cash in advance. Moncy vent by mati veil be at the ME the senor, Posnge Mapa mp receload cs »thecriptlon “tis BR ALD, two conte Pe annum. DAIL? BER«LD ieee , ot RALD, ever day, 4 ate conte por THE WEEKLY Lt ¥ wey, We prrwe naa Fedmentiig, Tie ene pe “yy Bt per annum fo any part reat Brits w B80 any part a Sot NE tnctude ot Fe i im om the Mh amd MMR @f each as " or a cL pee vashy "GERALD on Wednesday, at four vente =m or 2 per ana mn, "% “ORRESPONDENCR, comiutniny important payee Fosean Gpcuiatonrarrs xs fegtenra to MAL ate Lavras mb PACE orally Prarindiansy Begs RATED ext 03 AO NATICE taker of anonymous correspondence, We do not renin Seeded oman motions. ————— AMUSEMENTS THIS RVENING. ABEMY OF MUPTO, Fourtecath strost—Itauiax Ore- ba—Tue Evian Vanrees. GARDEN, Broadway.—Ait WatLow Eve—Orr Gag— Lave dere BOWERY TUSATRE, Howery.—Doom OF Davruu— Seam Dives. ‘WINTER GARDEN, Broadway, opposite Bond treet. — Suter. WAILACK’S THEATER, Sroadway.—Wasce Asuont— To Penwe awe Baca. LAURa KBRNE'S THEATRE, 624 Brondway.—Wire's Begant-Nouma. WERY THKATRA, Rowery.—Fast Woxcn oD AN ybouun TikeWare ror ax Hovr. MUBEUM. Broadway.—Aiter- vening—P NUS AMBRIOCAN Pho ft or Lroxs. E nornn's Lawyan—Cox- sUdat Lesson. WOOD'S MINSTRELS. $44 Broadway.--Brmorian Soxos, Danovs, £0.—Mask Lact RRYANTS MINSTRELS, Mechanics Hall, 473 Broadway — War Dore Socr ut Drie. WIBLO'S SALOON, Broadway.—Gro, Onnrerr’s | Mur. 7m gues asees, BURuum@ves, “Ad.—MisrORTUNES OF LCTCIMER Swires. NEW OPKRA HOUSE, 720 Brondway.—Daarton's Pan- cos Orskas ano Lrew Yeorenss, ChATHAM AMPHITHEaTAE.—Equrerauas Penronu- 48 56, Coang Paxtomians, &0- COOPER INSYTTUTE—Ds. foupper's Lecrons om Hix +00 VabTHEue ax Boston TEAXSCENDEMT ALIS. TRIPLE SHEET. Bow York, Wednesday, November 16, 185%, The News. Our European files to the 2d inst., brought by the Hungarian, reached this city early yesterday morning from Portland. The papersfrom China contain very interesting reports of the reception given to Mr. Ward in Pekin by the high ollicers of the Court. Although @ leading London journal endeavors to mako it appear that the nov-ratitication of the American treaty by the Emperor was an insult to our diplo- macy, the Chinese versions of tho affair ex- hibit it in quite a different light. In fact, Mr. Ward stood resolutely on his dignity, and told the government officers that he would not subd- mit to humiliativg prostrations before his Majesty. Great concessions were made in order to meet our republican ideas, but Mr. Ward firmly refused to imitate the slavish exemples of Lords Amherst and Macartacy in the least; so he left the city and had his treaty signed clsewhere. Napoleon's letter to the King of Sardinia is given in full, with a number of newspaper extracts, which prove that the imbroglio of Italian politics haa en- tereda new and very dangerous phase. Russia advocates the idea that England, Prussia and the Czar, as completely neutral Powers, take the lead in a European Congress on the general sub- joot of settlement. The San Juan difficulty and the Harper's Fecry outbreak are again alluded to in the London papers. Lord Derby and the ex-Ministers of the late Cabinet had been entertained at a grand conserva- tive banquet in Liverpool. Tho foreign policy of England was reviewed by the statesmen, who seemed to be perfecting a firm opposition to the Palmerston party. Our Gibraltar correspondent, in a letter dated on the 22d ultimo, published in the Heaacn to-day, gives one of the most interesting and explicit ac- counts of the war preparations made in Spain for her coming struggle with Morocco which has yet appeared in print. Very great excitement pre- vailed in the fortress when it was made certain that Queen Isabelia’s government would enter into the straggle without fail. No doubt was entertained but that Spain would Lave the active aid of France in her military and naval operations; indeed, this communication makes it pretty clear that the inter- ference of Napoleon the Third is part and parcel of that traditionary policy inherited from his uncle, of converting the Mediterranean into a French lake. It ia asserted that if England had actively befriended Austria during the Jtalian campaign @ Fran: \pan- ish fleet and army would even then have attacked Gibraltar. The alleged outrages of the Riff pirates on Spanish traders are seid to be much exagge- rated, and the chastisement of these men is taken es only a secondary moving cause, whilst it is said that the death punishment of French prisoners taken in Algeria by the Moors, which forms the exeuse of the French Emperor, was not very frequent, and executed only in the manner practised there by the Duke de Malakoff when General Pellisaicr. Tho acquisition of Tangier by France would be an immense adran- tage [to her commercially, while, in a strategic point of view it would enable her to humble Gibraltar by starvation, if not by actual assauit, in time of war with England. The position of Great Britain with regurd to this complication waslooked on as most critical; for if Gibraltar should be really threatened and her island shores rendered destitute { mortality. ‘There is, also, of neval protection, in consequence of the great fleet required to protect the “Rock,” no person ould insure her safety from actual invasion by Franco if Napoleon decided on such a micasure. The freedom of the trade of Morocco from English monopoly would, however, be of great advantage to American tradcrs and the commorcial world at large. In connection with the letter referred to, we publish. interesting statements concerning the war excitement prevailing in Madrid, Tangier and Morocco, with the speeches of Qaeen Isabella and Marshal O'Donnell on the subject. Among other letters from Europe pubiishod to- day is one from a Dublin correspondent, who gives a pleasing report of the advance of Ireland ia social reform, and her progress in national groat- ness. By the action of the Encumberod Estates Court an extensive native proprietary had heen es- tablished in the land. Crime had diminished and pauperism decreased. A number of American tourista were scattered over tho island, but tho most useful were John B. Gough, who had reformed many drankards, and Mr. Rarey, who was to tame all the vicious horses. The Galway steamship line had had all its shares taken up. Great exertions had been made in publishing cheap newspapera. Wie have accounts from the @ty of Mexico to ‘the 6th inet. The arrival of Marquez was daily ex- pected, when he would, it was supposed, assume the Presidency, being the favorite of the church party, Our correspondent on board the United States ship Cyane, duting at San Juan del Sur on the 16th and 2ist uit., furnishes an interesting résumé of the Position of affairs in that part of Central Amori¢a. Sir William Gore Ouseley was in San Jose prepar- ing to leave for England. Professor Dimitry, the United States Minister, had hired a residence in the Fe 1, oa is said that he was very popular, 3 , rivalry between his danghter, Miss f apa Miss Onseley, had ended, as we are $6ld, favor of the American bolle, European NEW YORK HERAL!), divlomacy was much disliked by the natives, owiog | projects Very little hopes were cutertained of We opening of the Transit routes, | ‘The report of the non-arrival of the North Star at Aspinwall up to the 4th inst. at which date she was fully six days overdae, has naturally caused considerable anxiety. Persons competent to form av opinion with regard to the cause of her non- | arrival do not, however, share in these apprehon- sions, The North Star is an unusualiy staunoh ves- sel, and is rated at the head of the underwriters’ list of first clase steamors, If sho has become dis- abled in her machinery, and has put into a port in the Caribbean Sea, it will be come time before any tidiog» of her will reach this port. We publish elzewhcre a list of the names of the cabin passea- Gers of the North Star, together with those of tho detachment of marines and sailors sent out to re- lieve the crew of the United States ship Saranac, and thore of the officers and orew of the s'eamer. Altogether there were on board of her 878 jreraons. ‘The returns, official and unofficial, of the recent New York State election, as far as received, go to show that i¢ is impossible to ascertain at this time which of the two candidates for Secretary of State is elected. We shall perhaps be obliged to wait until the offios! canvass is completed before tho question is detinitely decided. The city politicians were as busy as boavers las evening. The adjourncd Mozart Hall Convention Met at the appointed hour, and nomiaate Ioraan- do Wood for Mayor, and James Lynch form Alms- house Governor, The meoting was a vory boister- ons one, and oar reporter has graphically described the ecene that took place. The American General Committee met last evening, and appointed three delegates from each ward to form a Convontion to nowinate candidates for Mayor, Almshous» tlover- nor aud Counsel to the Corporation. This Conven- tion will meet on Saturday evening. Convontions to nominate candidates fur Aldermen and Council- men ore to be held, and there is every prospect that a full st of American candidates fo: county and city officers will be in the field. Among & mass of matters relating to the Har- poi's Ferry affair which we publish today, may be found a letter from Dr. 8. G. Howe, the Boston abolitionist, whose name has recently been brought prominently before the public in John Brown's and Colonei Forbes’ correspondence. Dr. Howe will not divulge any of the secrets of the conspirators, uor is he disposed to run the risk of being taken to Virginia to answer for his share in the Harper's Ferry piot, but he intimates that he will imitato the example of his friend Fred. Douglass, and go abroad for sympathy and safety. 4 meeting of the Supervisors took place yeater- day forenoon, when very little important business was transacted. The estimate for the schol ex- penses was received from the Board of Education, and showed the amount to be $1,314,052. The Su- pervicurs wet in the afternoon as the Board of County Canvassers, and made some progress to- wards canvassing the returns of the recent elec- tion. Tho weekly mecting of the Ten Governors took pisce yesterday. An application from Hibernia Eugine Company of Philadelphia to present a ban- ner to the Randall's Island boys was granted, and acommittee appointed to receive the delegation for that perpose. An appropriation of $100 to give 2 Thanksgiving dinner to the boys on Randall's Island wat mude, and also $50 for tho inmates of the Lunatic Asylum for the same purpose. The Board decided that in every case where a coroner's inquest is held at Bellevue Hospital, Dr. Hawthorn, the houze surgeon, shail afford all the facilities in his power for such investigations, The Finance Committee reported that the amount required to defray the expenses of the institutions next yoar will be $639,150, or $25,550 less than the amount for the preeent year. The report was adopted after a short discussion, The number in the insti- tutions now is 7,525—a decrease of thirty-three for the week. By an arithmetical error in an article publishod yesterday, the vote of Tammany Hall was in- creased in One district by nearly ten thousand. In- steud of 13,368 in the Sixth Senatorial district, it ought to have been 3,987, the former number being the total of both the Sith and Fourth districts, while the vote of Mozart Hall, for the same district, was 4,233. The totals for Tammany Hall, as well as for Mozart Hall and the republicans, in the four Senatorial districts, or in the whole city, were correctly stated, so that the apparent error did not affect the,argument, The Excise Commissioners held their forty- eeventh seveion for the present year yesterday, at which they granted four licenses on the usual con- ditions. There are now only three additional meet- ings to take place, and they will probably be finished up this week. The Commissioners have agreed not to eettle with any liqaor dealers against whom suits have been commenced, unless they shail first obtain a license and pay for it, nor will they in apy case make a settlement after the Com- mission has closed. In all cases they will endeavor to procure judgment for $500. Dr. Rameay, the Register of Records, calls atten- tion, in connection with the mortality table of the weck, to the fact that there is a small increase in the wortality this week, a3 compared with the cor- responding week in the years 1857 and 1858; the increase of deaths beara a much less proportion than does the increase of population. In the Seven- teenth ward there were fifty-two deaths last weok, eighteen more than in the previous week. In order to ascertain the cause of this increase, ho examined the localities where most of the deaths occurred, and found, as he anticipated,a large quantity of them in the newly erected tenement houses, (of which there isa very large number). The iamates move into them immediately on completion, be- fore the walls are dry; honce the increase of the double the number of deaths from violent causes this week, a3 compared with last. Th. steamship Bavaria sailed from this port yes- terday for Southampton, Havre and Hamburg, taking out one hundred and twenty five passengers and a good freight. The annexed table shows the temperature of the atmosphere in this city daring the week ending November 12, the range of the barometer and ther- mometer, the variation of wind currents and the state of the weather, at three periods daring each doy, viz: at 9 A. M., and 3 and 9 o’clock P. fiw SP.M. Saturday—-Morning clear, 8 P ois lear, 37. Ma, cloudy; 9 P. M., nday——Clear all day ;night, bright moon! Mondar—Clear all day; night, bright mason gt. sp luaday—Morning, cloidy; 2} Mt, clear; night, bright Wedneeday—Morn| foggy; 30. M., ob SOP, wormage: te ane Sh eae ureday—! g, thick fog; 3 P. M., cloudy; OP. M., elie Cloudy; 3P. M, clear and cool; 9 Pp. ., a Pa Seay Vina all day; 97. M., ciear and blowing sh. The tales of cotton yémerc'y embraced abont 1,590 Agntnat 296,000 ‘n 1868, 178,000 in 1867, 187,000 in 1855, ‘and 259,000 in 1855. The stock on hand embraced 676,0% Dates, agai r+ 606,000 n 1858, 212,000 In 1867, 390,909 in 1666, and 288,000 in 1855. The receipta of four wore heavy yesterday, and prices of commen and mofium grades i) ato and Woser were about So. por barre! lower. Southero was in (air request at uualtored prices Wheat was beavy ad irregular, especially Western sp.iug. ‘The sales embraced about 4 ,000 bushels, closing « rate given another columa, Corn was unchuged, hile ew ee vere moderate, including old Western own vellow at $1 08, and Jersey iow yellow at Dlo, A haud- zowe lot of new Virginia corn, the first of the season, was sold at $103. Jersey now do, ranged from 900, a 910. A wor a fe firmer, with sales of mess nt $16 10 +16 12, w th prime at $10 60.8 $10623¢, Beef was steady, vhue lard was unebaaged, Phere was a larger move- ceut in tugnrs, @ d ea’es Of 1,600 hhde. Cuba mascovado wery made at prio given im another place. Oofleo «8 ‘rm and t ight, Froights were @rm, while eagage- iments were mccera Triumph of American Diplomacy in Chine- 1 aunts of the London Press. By our files of papers brought by the Hun- garian wo have received highly interesting de- tails of the reception of our Minister by the Chinese Commissioners, and of the ratification of the treaty, which British journals had told us would not bo ratified at all. Even now the London Times informs its readors that the re- ception of Mr. Ward at Pokin was humiliating, and the manner in which the troaty was ratified was mort oor-temptuous, The wish is evidently father to the thought; a-¢ te Lumiliation of the British naval force at Taku, whea, in defiance of the law of na- tions, it at:empted to force its way through forbidden inland waters, naturally inspires a desire to seo Amerioan authority subjected to humui}/ation of some kind, though it might not « to tle same extent as that experiencea by the English onthe Peiho. Common misfortune «.Oc8 mutual sympathy, and John Bull is euch in need of that commodity just now. siuinately, however, his American cousins are not in that condition ia which a fellow fciing makes people wondrous kind. It so happex= ‘hat not only was our Minister sub- jected to no humiliation, but his reception was of the most cordial and gratifying charaoter, and the treaty was ratified in a manner and under circumstances well caloulated to flutter our national pride. The proof of the fact is found in the statements of the British journals published in China, which we have transferred to cur columns to-day, and which are deserving of attentive perusal. These journals strongly condemn the conduct of the British Admiral, and defend the course of the Chinese govern- ment as reasonable and just. In fact, the argu- ment of tte Chinese promier, as given by the North China Mail, is most conclusive against the insolence and folly of the com- mander of the English squadron, and shows that in point of civilization, intellect and good manners, the Chinaman has rather the advan- tage over the representative of her Britannic Majesty. The peculiar ceremonies of reception prescribed by the Chinese Emperor may appear very ridiculous in the eyes of Europeans; but the ceremony of kissing the Pope’s toe and that of knecling to the Queen of England when receiving the honor of knighthood, and all the formalities of court dress and court reception at the Palace of St. James, are equally ridiculous; and what- ever Americans may think about the matter, the English, who bow and kneel to their own monarchs, have no right to call the Chinese ceremony humiliating. Their own ministers, too, have submitted to it. Lord Macartney, in 1793, though he went through the full ceremo- ny of three kneelings and nine knocks, was kicked out of Pekin, and Mr. Amherst, in 1816, agreed to the same humiliation. Now we have British testimony to show that Mr. Ward, the American Minister, would not submit to it in any shape or form. The commissioners told him that from a hostile or inferior nation the regular form of obeisance—nine knocks and three kneelings—was invariably exacted; but as the Emperor regarded the United States as an equal and a friendly Power, he would only require from its representa tive, on presentation, one kneeling and three knocks. When Mr. Ward refused to comply even with this modified form, it was then suggested to him that if he would bend one knee or touch his fingers to the ground, that would be satisfac- tory in his case. Though this was the most liberal concession ever made by the Chinese to the representative of any nation, it was also rejected by our Minister, and consequently he could not have the honor of presentation to the Emperor. That, however, as he remarked, was an honor he did not seek, and he only came to have the treaty ratified and exchanged, which was accordingly done with all due respect and ceremony. What, we ask, is there humiliating to Ame- ricans in all this? Is not the whole affair highly satisfactory and gratifying? Without humilia- tion or degradation of any kind, and without the employment of force, or even threats, Ame- rican diplomacy has triumphed where the British have failed, not only in diplomacy but in bullying and fighting. It is now the cue of the London press to disparage the treaty and the manner of its ratification and exchange. But the motive is too obvious not to suggest the fable in which the fox, when he failed to reach the delicious clusters of the fruit of the vine, exclaimed, in the bitterness of his chagrin, “Sour grapes!” Great allowance must be made for tho severe trial to which the temper of English journals is at present exposed. | Not only ig there loss of British prestige in Asia from the widespread revolt of British subjects in India, as well as from a defoat of the wooden walls by tho fortresses of the Chinese, but a blow is about to be struck by the Morocco war at British prepon- derance in the Mediterranean, which may give the finishing stroke to the humiliation of British pride resulting from the war in the Crimea and the Italian campaign, while on ihe coast of the Pacific the American people insist upon holding the island of San Juan and checking English encroachments on our territory. Thus on four continents of the world is British ag- grandisement attacked. Misfortunes never come alone. We do not, therefore, wonder at the tone of the London press partaking of the exasperation produced by such accumulated disasters, Jf, however; John Bull will only become a little amiable, our diplomacy at the fountain head of the “ Celestial Empire” may assist him halen, 1,000 of which were in transit. The market was | in accomplishing what all his blustering and unchanged, and closed on the basis of about 11:0. a Ai jgc. for middling uplands. At last accounts the re- ceipts at the ports since the Ist of September last had Teached about 992,000 bales, against $26,000 in 1863, 346,000 in 1857, 682,000 in 1866, and 632,000 in 1865. Tho exports for the same period baye reached 998,000 bales, blows have failed to effect, This course would be fur more sensible ihan 4 rfdiculons and un- just war with China, whoze results must be regarded as doubtful, and might prove disas- trous. WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 1850.—TRIPLE SHEXKT. Too Muntcipal Election—Lively Times Aheaa, The late State election was characterized by unwoated apathy ia this city, uot alone in. the abvence of riot or distarbunce of any kind, bat in, the little interest evinced by tho electors, and the smaliness of the vote cas, Out of the large oumber Ofitepparent voters—whioh, ac: cording to the registry returos, waa one bundred und four thousand—oaly fitty-six thousand de- posited their votes fn the ballot boxes; but from present indiowtions affairs are likely to take a different turn at the municipal election of the Gret Tuesday, the sixth day of December pext It is very probable that all the legal voters in this olty, and a good many illegal ones, will come to the polls on that occasion, and, judging from the turbulent acene at Moaart Hall on Monday evening, as well as from the action of Tammany with reference to the nomi- nations of that wing of the demooracy, there is every proepeot of 8 lively time, ‘There is no lack of interest manifested in all quarters about the municipal election. The spoils of the victors can be counted by mil- lions, and the candidates for office are as nu- merous a6 they aro greedy and rapacious, At present the greatest interest is centered in tho Mayoralty and the Corporation Counsel; but these are by no means the most important of- fices to be filled. The Aldermen and Councilmen are of vastly more importance to the taxpay- ers. It is true that ine great city like New York the chief magistrate should be the leading official of the Corporation, and the selection of a fit person for that place should be a matter of vital interest to the citi- zeos; but, owing to the blessed legislation at Albany, our Mayor has become @ mere oypher, shorn of power or authority, so that the best man in the community could do lUttle or no- thing towards the good government of tho me- tropolis. As to the Corporation Counsel, it is a very lucrative office, insuring, as it does, a handsome fortune to the incumbent; but as far 4g its utility or benefit to the city is concerned, it is perfeotly worthless. The Aldermen and Councilmen, on the con- trary, in a great measure control and govern the expenees of the municipal governmont, and regulate the taxation. They can swell the tax levy to any amount they please for their own corrupt purposes; and we know that previous bodies of the city legislature havo not sorupled to do se toa frightful extent. Men without education or integrity—nay, many without an ostensible mode of obtaining a living, having no status whatever in the community, mere loafers and vagabonds—are usually elected to these offices of trust, and they have turned them to account only to acoumulate plunder. Shall the same class of men be again elected to the boards of the Common Council? If they are, then we may confidently expect to see the ten millions of taxes which now oppreas the people increased next year to fifteen millions, and all kinds of corruption and fraud flourishing as luxuriantly as ever in the city government. The nominations for these offices will be made by the different factions during next week, and we opine, from the usual mode of making them, that there can be no doubt as to the class of candidates which will be presented. It is not too late for all conservative men, and those who have any regard for economy, to make some offort to select fit and proper persons to compose the next Common Council. Ward meetings should ‘ve organized all over the city, and a number of respectable citizens chosen to represent the different districts in the new Boards, to the ex- clusion of the loafing hangers-on of the City Hall and other political dens, who are certain to receive the nominations of the party con- ventions. Tus Vote or New Yore Cyry iv Over Late Sratx ExEction.—The central organ of Governor Wise in Virginia—the Richmond Enquirer—thus harps upon the criminal indifference of the voters ef this city in our late State election:— New York city, tho emporium of trade, the city sup- fortes. by Souutiorn productions, her merchants enriched y our trailic, her vessola freighted with our produce, the grasa kept from her strocts, and the bate and owls from her warehouses, by Southern trade, has not mado even a decent effort to defeat her enemies, a8 well as those of the South. New York city, 80 Indifferent to the injuries aud wrongs inflicted by men of her State, voted 54,000 out of 103,000 votes registered at the lato olection. This deficient vote, it is contended, hetrays a state of indifference to Southern rights which is but “the first step to open enmity.” There may be something in this charge; but there were other causes which contributed more to this deficient vote than any indifference to our political relations with the South. The demo- ralizations and divisions of the democracy,/and the general disgust prevailing among our citi- zens in regard to the corruptions and debasing tricks and contrivances of democratic, republi- can and Know Nothing managers, whippers-in and strikers, kept the majority of these missing voters from the polls. Others failed to do their duty because the spoils at stake did not amount to much, and because there were not sufficient electioneering contributions brought to bear upon the “general result.” The “lower ten thousand,” in fact, wore almost entirely no- glected, in the preparations of all parties in this city for our December municipal election, involving spoils and plunder equal, per annum, to twelve or fifteen millions of dollare. At this election for Mayor and the City Councils, there will be a full vote, rain or shine ; for all parties will bleed freely and labor zealously to bring out their full strength, Thus, although our State election went by default, a8 @ foregone conclusion, our munici- pal election, upon the grand and direct issue of twelve or fifteen millions of spoils, will show that the people of this island understand the difference between political abstractions and the solid substance of the public plunder, quite ag well a3 they understand this difference in Old Virginia. Forney Berwuen tun Two BuSpres ov Hay.— A Washington newspaper correspondent having reported that the members to the Pennsylvania State Convention which is to appoint delegates to Charleston had all been elected, and that all but ten were friends of Mr. Buchanan's ad- ministration, we find that poor Forney isthrown intoa dreadful state of mind on the subject We says th&t not ono half the delegates to said State Convention have been elected; that of those chosen there “are more than ten” op- posed to the President; and that should the State Convention yield to the same influence (administration) which eucceedpd in the elec tion of the Philadelphia delegates, “ there will be a long night of defeat and despondency he- fore the democratic party.” Irom all this we may presume that Forncy is as anxious to be represented in the Charleston Convention as he is to be adopted by the republican “arty and elected ax their Clerk of the Mouse of Repre- | ~entutives, But be may thua, like the donkey vetween the two bundtes of hay, delay aad hesitate which to choose, until it is tuo Lace to gets mouthful from cither, We auspoot that this will bo the fate of Forney, The French Emperor's Lettee on the Sottiemont of Italy. We publish in full this moruing the letter of Louis Napoleon to Victor manuel, a brief summary of which has already appeared in our colupme, The authenticity of this doou- ment is now generally recognized; 40 that it is worth examining aa an indication of tho course which the Emperor means to purwue in the ap- proaching Congress. After a caroful consi- deration of the viows enunolated in it, we con- fees that we see no reason to alter tho opluion #0 constantly expressed by us, that neithor ia nor out of the Congress will France do any- thing to abridge or imperil the liberties which she has been inatrumental in conferring upon Ttaly. The plan of an Italian Confederation, as aketobed out in the Imperial letter, appears to surround with every poselble guarantee the in- dependence of the Italian people. Not only is each State to have s representative system of its own, but the lists from which the members of the Federal Diet are to be selected by the covereigns are to be prepared by tho different legislatures. In this way the influence of the reigning families suspected to be in the interest of Austria would be ea- tirely counteracted. Tho people themselves, through their representatives, would alone be responsible for the conservation of their li- berties; for if the psinciple of popular elcotion fails to arm them with power to protect them, no othor meaas that can be devised can accom- plish that object. Such are the main features of tho plan, and such inferentially is the reasoning of the Fin- peror. Inasmuch as the former bear a close resemblance to our own political syslem, we have, of course, nothing to object to them. The arguments used in justification of the choice of the Pope as honorary Prosident of the Con- federation, at once, however, betray the weak point of this fair edifice. They show that it has been created merely to sustain institutions which, under no modifications, can be rendered congenial to Italian feeling or consistent with Italian independence. As long as the presor- vation of the Pope’s rights as a temporal prince are to be made a fundamental condition of the federal pact, it must be clear to every one that agerm of dissension and dissolution wilt bo retained which will eventually break up the whole fabric. Although the restoration of tho exiled princes is made the subject of an emphatic demand in the Imperial letter, in the mind of the writer it is evidently subordinate in importance to the point we have just dwolt upon. It is put for- ward rather in compliance with engagements which he cannot in honor depart from than froma desire to impose upon the people of Central Italy dynasties that are hateful to them. If there be really a feature in the plan which the Emperor can be said to have set his heart upon, it is that by which ho seeks to get rid of the embarrassment of the Roman question, to him the only serious difficulty in all these com- plications. The views put forward in this schemo of settlement are, it will be seen, the logical sequence of the peacetreaty. Napoleon, under the engagements which the latter imposed upon him, is bound to urge them upon tho Italian people and upon the Congress. Without en- tering into that understanding, he could not have induced Francis Joseph to sign the armis- tice. They look formidable upon paper; but there isnothing in them, we contend, to disheart- en the friends of Italy. Does not the Emperor reiterate his assurance that “sithough tho rights of the sovereigns are reserved, the independence of Central Italy is guaranteed, inasmuch as all idea of foreign intervention bas been formally set aside.” Tho inference to which these words lead is unmistakeable, and Garibaldi and his fellow patriots will not be slow to take advan- tage of it. In diplomacy, as in love, thero is a language of double meaning. France cannot openly say to the people of Central Italy “resist,” for her pledges to Austria forbid such a course. She tells them, however, that she will protect them against foreign intervention; and in assuring them of this, she affords them the means of exercising a free choice. It is almost certain that when she enters the Con- grees she will contrive to throw upon others in the same manner the responsibility of desti- tuting the Pope. It is, no doubt, the conviction of this which induces his Holiness to prepare for the worst. by arming all tho galley slaves and brigands that can be pressed into his service, The show of reluctance made by Louis Napoleon to confirm the annexation of the Duchies to Piedmont has, like many other features of his policy in connection with this question, been made the subject of a good deal of misrepresentation, It has been said thathe fears oreating too strong a na- tional power in Italy, because of its possible fu- ture interference with the interests of France. The details of his plan, as explained in his re- cent letter, show how unfounded is this asser- tion. He proposes not only that the confedera- tion shall ratify the principle of Italian nation- ality, but that it shall have but one flag, one system of customs, and one curroncy. These suggestions are what we insisted upon some monihs back as indispensable conditions of Italian unity. They raise up a more insur- mountable barrier to future commercial or po: litical encroachments on the part of Frands than is provided by the annexation of farther territory to Piedmont, under a monarch who is allied by the ties of marriage, as well as of gra- titude, to the Imperial dynasty. Al! cireum- stances considered, therefore, the Emperor's letter, instead of discouraging, should be viewed favorably by all true friends of the Italian cause. What he speaks under restraint is surrounded with so many reservations that its purpose is belicd; what he utters freely tends to confirm all the brilliant hopes that were drawa from his first Italian programme. Isevection oF Steam Romxns.—The sugges- tion which we made some time ago, that a bureau of inspection for steam boilers employ- ed within the city should be organized by the Common Council, is akout. to be carried out, it appears. The committee held their final meet: ing on Monday, and are now prepared to report at the next Council meeting. From the nature of their proceedings throughout, as well as from the fact that they have advertised for com- potent engineers to'nct as inspectors, we pre- sume tbat tho report will be ti fara of « | Board of Inspector, This is the only pragwgal | way of preventing tho recurrence of suole shocking disasters aa have taken place so fre quently from the explosion of stenm boilers im factories, buic!s, wad other buildings, The streets are literally undermined in many parts of the city with boilers in = very dangerous condition, and human life is really not eafe, owlng to the carelessness of the owners or the ignorance of the engineers. A vigurous enforcement of am ordinance compelling an annual inspection of boilers and engines within the city limbs will afford some guarantee against continual danger, snd we hope that the Common Counoil will lose no time in passing euch a one as may prove effectual. Tiaps of Borrowers on Public Works— Another Scheme im the Europoan Market, The mania for borrowing money in Europa, | engendered during the flush times of the | United States Bank, has not by any meas , died out, and every once in 5 while somebody | starts off on a willion huating tour to the | golden preserves of Threadneedle strect and ! the ‘Change of London, The uaual process pursued in this business is a very simple one. An ingonious trap is pre- pared, in tho shape of gome great public im- provement. Ail the advantages of tho work j are brilliantly displayed on papér} a rich and ! ferille oouniry is opened; cities and towns are built up along the lino; and the fabulous tide of human life and industry that is expected te course along it, pours out immense prospective dividends to the fortunate stockholders or the still more fortunate mortgagees. With this glittering array of promises, some two or three prominent met-—they generally hunt in con- plcs—are duly appointed to set the trap and bag the game. A general impression has pré- vailed that it is necessary (o combine, om such a mission, two men of very different capacitico—a politician of high stand- ing—and the higher the better—to give face to the sfair, and a sbarp accountant to do the ciphering. When s Senator cannot be secured, as is sometimes the case, thea a President of the road will do, provided he is attended by » keen lawyer to see that his own fingers are net caught with the game, When this is bagged, home they come, and for a while tho whole set of direotors, contractors, agenis, &c., down to the brakemen or the navvies, have a good time generally. Some such schome as this is now on foot, as our readers will perceive by a letter published in our financial column. The concern isla belled the “Sunbury and Erie Railroad,” awd the object is to bag John Bull for three and & haif millions of dollars on mortgage bonds, As for the work itself, it is simply a repetition of our own Erie bubble, with greatly diminished chances of success. It propovesto perform one or both of two objecta: First, to open to apecu- lation a portion of the lands and mines of Pennsylvania which are now worthless for want of acheap road to market, and thus make somebody's fortune other than those who pay for building the road. Second, to add a fifth competitor for the trade between the Atlantis coast and the Western States, to secure which four greatroads—the NewYork Central, the New York and Eric, the Pennsylvania Central, and the Baltimore and Ohio—have been hacking at each other’s throats for years past. The modest sum of three and a half millions only is asked for now ; but this will do for the present, as there will be plenty of chances to ask for more are constructed. Now, this system of borrowing money te squander on publio works that have barely a shadow of bona fide stockholders—just enough to form a board of directors with, perhaps, only one share each, but all with big contracts in their pockets—is wrong, and should be stopped. It has given rise to « spirit of gam- bling in public schemes, has burthened nearly every portion of the country with debt, and fastened upon us the accusation of bad faith and repudiation. The resources of our own accumulated capital are abundantly cuflicient for all necessary public works; and it is only schemes which cannot command confidence at home that are sent abroad to bamboozle foreign capitalists. We should think that the money lenders of Europe had, by this time, sufiicient experience of American schemes to put them on their guard. It is notorious that their in- vestments are mado in the worst securities known in this market—as, for instance, those of the Erie Railroad, which are largely held abroad, and others of kindred character. ff European capitalists really wish to iuvest in American securities, their best plan is to en- trust the operation to some honest and worthy agent in this city, where all these schemes are sifted to the bottom, and their Wicks and traps well understood. The Brownsville Rebellto: id Its Rela= tion to the Mexican Question. Affairs in Mexico, and the recent proceedings. of a band of thieves on our Mexican frontier , are beginning to attract public attention, and are the subject of frequent remark, both in the journals and in private circles. ‘The most curious part of the affair is that many, even among the profossed journalists, look upon the completion of the pending treaty with Mexico as necessary to give us the power to put @ stop to such lawless procecd- ings as those of the robber Cortinas at Browns- ville,on the Rio Granda Now, the truth of the matter is, that Mexico is not involved in the Brownsville riot at all. Cortinas is one of thg | free and enlightened eitizens of Toxas, annexed to this country years ago, and the headquarters of bis band, at last acoounts, was at his own ranch in Cameron county of that State. But besides this he is proud of his birthright, and when the frightened people of Brownsville re- quested a Mexican officor from Matamoras o ee him and reason with him, it is re- ported that Cortinas told the Mexican, n sturdy English, to go to a placa hat shall be nameless here, and asked him by what right he, a greaser, undertook to interfere with an American citizen on American soll. We need not add that the friendly Mexican’s at- tempt at pacification was fruitless. Jn these Southern frontier regions there is gtcat want of a reciprocal power in the hands of the authorities. The evil doers reside om either side of the line, and take refuge in one territory when pursued by the authorities of the other. There they are safe, because there is no treaty of extradition, and thus they be- come emboldened and numerous, till, like Core tinas, they can even hold their ground against the officens of the law, and demand of « panier fee Tra Ie sales SE Ea EE EES S Re el ale IE 2 aa en ee ee ae ee EE 2 before the two or three hundred miles of road _