The New York Herald Newspaper, November 16, 1859, Page 2

2 AFFAIRS IN EUROPE, Anne THE MAILS OF THE HUNGARIAN. Oar Tondon, Dublin, Paris, Brossels, Berlin and Gibraltar Correspondence. The Vexed Questions on the Other Side of the Atlantic. The Spanish-Morocce War and the Italian Imbroglio. Napoleon’s Letter to the King of Sardinia, Be Claims Rome as the Centre of the Italian Confederation, MR. WARD'S OFFICIAL DIFFICULTIES IN PEKIN The Minister Standing on his Citi- zen Dignity, &o., ke, de. ‘The European papers brought by whe Hungarian to Portland, reached thie city alittle afier oue oclock yes- terday morning. Onur files are dated in London on thio Tot of November, and contain some interesting details of the news, tele- graphee from Portland, given in the Heap on Monday morning. The late storm, which oc We and property npon the ec apon the coast of France and Belgium, although it had not ecoasioned euch lamentable results as are recorded in the English papers. A letter from Ostend states that “ the Ashing boat Vulcan, of Brussels, Captain Brunee!, ar- rived on the 26:h, having on board four sailors belongi port), whom ened such a fearful loss of of England, was algo felt tend. The vi torm of th the boat of the former from its mooring sea. The crew, who at the time had none of th eal apparatus to direct them, would inevitably have perished but for the Ostend fishermen, who, at the imm| Bent peril of their own lives, rescued them from their Perilous situation,” Ata mecting ofa the Belgian Ase legates of the committees of » Promotion of Customs Re form, hel! was resolved that the sannual general © uiombers of the Giation shall be held at the beginning of Nove ‘day for the proposed rew e formally Special summu: ‘The Prussian Admiral, as been at Adalbert, Dantgic, where he has been inspecting the Thetis, Arcona and Frauenlob, the vessels which are to form tho ron which is to ve employed ou the expedition to China and Japan; and it is now said that irom overtures which have been mad by the Prussian government to Count you Enlenbourg as to a higher rank in te diploma: ryice which is to be conferred on him, expectations tained that he will not now object to undertake the per- juties of that mission, for which the high - are considered to | i now e rw here for Sor to-day or tomorrow. T! are being ¢ ith the gre : The ai dispense with the presence of Mr. commit the who Mr ‘of 240,000 has } all ths ce as spe: to Liverp rdinian government has commenced the work of reorganizing its provincial adminiatration, rendered neces sary by the poration of Lombardy with ¥ ‘The kingdom een divided een provinces ench of which will have a govern The Mauchester Guardian of Ni Mr. Cobden, as wo of whe Nord, was rece! mont, into 2 policy of specially friendly to- ‘he Emperor Francis Joseph was evincing a good deal of interest in the celebration of the Schiller festival. Ze Nord says the receptiong'ven at Warsaw by the Em peror Alexander to the Archduke Albert, the bearer of the overtares to the Court of Vienna, was most ceremonious, Sormal! and cold. Garibaldi arrived at Torin on the 28th ult., in comph ance with a summons from the King. He had been en- thasiastically received everywhere on the road. At Tog- beri, in addressing the multitude, he is stated to have said:— With a Ring like Victor Emanwel, with an army like eurs, and with a people like you, italy should not stop until ehe has freed the last inch of Ler goil from the heel of the foreigner The independance of Turin says that 405,000 inhabitants ef the Venctian territory save emigrated since January Jast. The New Prussian Gazette says:— We are informed that the chief object of the interview at Breslau was to find durable bases for the peace of Eu- rope, and to restore confidence in people’s minds by the fact of two great Vowers cordially ngreving on the pend- ing questions s ramored that ali of them haye been. diseussed an neome to. The report circulated at Viepna uterview at Breslau was directed against Austra is unfounded. On the contrary, Prussia bas attempted to couciliate differences. A letter from Florence says:— I saw at Parma and Bologna, and everywhere through- out the Amilia, signal proofs of the activity of the London Biblical Societies. Fine copies of the “italian Diodati,” or Protestant transiation of the Old and New Testament, were either sold at very low prices or even freely distributed by ‘heir agents. I hear now that an elegant building is rising im this city, in the Piazza Barbano, or Dell’ Indipendenza, which is tobe a ‘temple’ consecrated to the worship of tbe “National Italian”? or ‘Reformed Catholic” Church. A small congregation, at variance with the established Roman Catholic communion, already exisia in Florence, and einee last April what may be called “Protestant” ser: vice has been performed weekly in the Italian language ‘with open doors, . A letter from Paris, of the 20th ultime, in the'Liverpool Mercury says:-— ‘The Newfoundland question—that source of intermina ‘bie disputes between France and England—ig about to be amicably settled. A commission, over which M. de Go. imeau will preside, is about to draw up a treaty which, it 4a boped, will be considered acceptable by England. This eommigsion will commence its labors forthwith, aud ter- minaté%hem as speedily as possible, OUR FOREIGN DESPATCHES, @ur London Correspondence. Loxpox, Oct. 28, 1869. ‘Mhe New York Herald and the London Times on the Ban Juan Question —France Assists Spain Against Morocen— he English View of the Question—England Demands Beplanation from France and Spain—England witt Wat Remain Neutral—The American Minister at Shanghae, dc. ‘The London imes of yesterday takes the New York ‘Hienap to task for the too spirited manner in which \t discusses our claims to the Ban Juan Island, and seems dis- ‘Posed to accuse it of stirring up ill blood between the two countries, and so making the amicable settlement of the @epute more difficult and uncertain. Now this is sd manifestly unjust as toprove the London Times is out of ‘humor with the Hxratp, which has displayed so much moderation and ability in handling this delicate topic. It is absurd to say that the leading journal of the United ‘States £0 little comprehends the temper of the people it, ‘Tepresents, and is s0 wantonly indifferent to their interests ‘28 toteck by misrepresentation and inflammatory language ‘to involve the two governments ina false position, from “Which there could be no escape but war. The truth is, ‘the New York Herat has debated this important matter ‘with equal tact and spirit, and whilst it hag insisted on ‘the maintenance of our rights, it has vindicated its taste and dignity by eschewing that idle bluster and empty Dravado which could only diminish its influence and gower its consideration. Tho London Times has shown ‘wnusual inconsistency in writing of this boundary dispute. ‘He began by invoking a calm investigation of the contict- ye claims of both parties, and then, a few days Jater, ite readers were surprised by a belficose declaration that Eng land bad yielded already too much to the encroachments of Amorican ambition, and that it was high time w check it. Finding this martial tone not to the we ere, tt wheels right round and ¢ remove What will be the end of this new comptication it is hard to say. than in the late Italian campaign, for this invasion of er vis @ vis on the Straits touches her moro nearly; but what she can or will do is not so clear. This is the ouly European Power interested in the matter, and it is hardly NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, New Yorx Hxratp of the very game fault, This is an old trick, and very familiar to the London ftmes. As to the dispute itself, very litle is thought or gaid about it here, for the ; ublic fee! quite assured that it is not the desire of either government to foment this question by an obstinaw spirit into a matter of real difficulty, They know it must be got rid of, like others of the same sort, by an equitable compromise, and the sooner the better for both. It seems quite agettled thing that Spain is going to war with Morocco, and from the enthusiasm which appears to animate the Spaniards it is evident that the flerce hatred which led them centuries ago to wage incessant hostilities with their hereditary foes, the Moors, is still unquenched, and ready as ever to glut itselfin new wars. Europe way somewhat surprised that impoverished and distracted ‘Spain should so stddenly, after long years of civil feuds, find either energy or money to undertake @ foreign: wai but the enigma is solved from the fact now coming boli. Jy out that France is to be the bottle holder. It is officially announced that France is to furnish Spain with both money and men, as she lately did Sardinie, and the nows to-day is that French troops are rapidly embarking for the seat of war, whilst the Spauish treasury is beginning to echo once more with the long forgotten sound of the precious metals. versal demand. The French possessions in Africa adjoin Morocco, and are frequently disturbed by inroads of these semi-c aiding Spain to drive back these troublesome neighbors, that his African provinces may lead-a more quiet life. is shrewdly suspected, however, that the French Ma. chiavelli has some deeper plan ix his head, and that he is seeking rather to enable Spain to take possession of the Marocco coast on the Straits, so that hereafer England may not hold exclusively in her band the key to the Mediterranean. is no doubt the correct one. greatly “exercised”? explanations from Sy ‘What does all this portend? is the uni- zed tribes, nnd it may de that Napoleon is only Hy This is the view taken of it here, and it ‘The English Cabinet is pon the subject, and have demanded o and France, which have been n in the usual Pickwickian fashion. Lord Patmerstoa ed to induce Morocco to make such concessions as to every pretext for war, but did not succeed. England willbe far less inched to play neutral worth her while to rush singlebanded into a conflict until her interests are compromised or assailed. It is every day getting clearer that Louis Napoleon is likely to Fogland as much disquietude as his uncle ever did, though his genius is less warlike, his policy to -aggrandize France is as retolute and persevering. Ido not believe that Napoleon seeks a struggle with England, bat ho is bent on promoting in every way and by every means the interests of France, and if England thinks fit to cross her path, the responsibility, then, lies upon her. Palmerston, however, is not a Pitt, and he is far too ad-oit and expe to oppose Napoleon by violence when he can ac just as much, and more cheaply, by intrigue. uews from China to-day is that cue American Minis- ter has returned to Shaughae without being able to get up toP When shall we know the true bistory of Mr. Ward’s adventures? The despatch of Commodore Tatnall, asto the events at the mouth of the Peito, y published here. who enj been few. @ this year bave still scanty has been the usual autumn ‘crop of public meetings. Tf it were not for that oratorical reen, Lord Brot forget in London jal towns, or that This dis- 5 iy this last month in making speeches from town to town, that it is impossible to pick up a morn- ng journal without r ample deus of hii domgs. Lord Brougham js a veritable g the rura! districts, for such is the prestige of his career that wherever he ay c nor. There is r ‘ond of popular a mndomitat m in the art « bus wonderful gifts that everybody reads his sj 4 mulher great, wah equnt and ovorghody shoor ally the tokens of poblic admiration tendered Lim, remarkable, his mind and body seem to bid dvauces of great age. He is 8 physical and mental v ut The last three or fou btabout quite 4 change in his autumnal afase- Formerly he left Engiaad soon after Parliament broke up, for France, when we first head of him appear- ng at the Institute at Paris, under the wegis of Arago, and then hobuobbing witb the occupant of the Tuileries, ouls Philippe or Louis Napoleon; and finally he das departing for a country seat he had at Cannes, io the south of Frauce. He was there when poor Rachel died, and itis known he was very attentive aud kind to her ip her fatal illness, Since then he seem: to have renounced France and the French, and to have de ¢ learned leisure to the edification, a8 I have just said, of provincial audiences, which yield him a splendid return of journalistic renown. In this respect, at leas, he must see there is “ nae place like hame;” for he mak: more rumpus in one county of England than he could p,3- siblystir up on the whole Gontinent, with ail the aca te mies of which he ig.a member to back him. He is wu: thy, however, of all tnis adulation, for he may be re- garded as the intellectual Hercules of the age. Our Dublin Correspondence. Dray, Oct. 28, 1859, National Progress and Social Im provement—Diminution of Crime and Pauperism—Action of the Encumberet Estates Court—American Visilers—John B. Gough— Rarey, the Horse Tamer—Drunkards Reformed and Vicious Animals Sutdued—Jenny Lind and her Chari- ties—Advance in the City Cheap Press—Iriumph of the Galwcay Steamship Line, cc. Perhaps a few lines from the “‘Greeen Isle”? may not ba without interest to some of the very numerous readers of the HeRatp. There is no doubt whatever but @bat things have im- proved and are improving very much in this country, and the people seem mere contented, better housed, clothed and fed than 1 ever before remember. ‘The primcipal source that caused this great change was the Encumbered Fstates Court. I give you the returns of this court, so that you can see facts and judge for your- eel, Out of 9,529 lots sald, 6,208 were bought by srish purchasers, whose payments amounted to £15,789,045, and ouly 288 lots were taken by English and other purchasers, for which they paid £2,510,000. Another great improve- ment is that many of the middle class, and even the lower class, (1 call them the useful clags,) have become land- owners, Crime, too, has decreased, and pauperism ia decreasing daily. Land bas assumed a value hitherto unknown. If Ireland continues te prosper for the next five years as she has in the past—and I see no reagon why it ebould not—there is nothing under beaven to prevent it from being one of the most prosperous countries in Europe. We have been favored with a great number of Ameri- cang here thie summer, and all were delighted and gur- prised with our most exquisite ecenery. One American, in the course of conversation (in fact, it was over a tum- bler of good punch, which, to do him justice, he seemed to enjoy), Said that all the Irish were in America, as he did not ave any in this country. Among tbe most conspicuous of Americans who visited us was Jobn B, Gough, who gave three lectures in the Round Room of the Rotunda. Now, that room is capable of containing 2,800 persons, and it was filled to tho ut- most possible extent. He astonished and delighted his hearers (and they were composed of our most respecta- ble citizens) with the powers of his oratory, as stream after stream of eloquence flowed from his lips. He visited some of the provinces, and in Belfast alone (the metropo- his of whiskey drinking north) succeeded in obtaining 2,000 signatures to the pledge. Another eminent American, J. 8. Rarey, has announced , paying us a professional visit on the 24 of November, and bas advertised for the most savage horse that caw be found. His terms are very bigh, but from his well known ability I have no doubt but that his efforts will be crowned with success. The prices of admission are:—Reserved seats one guinea, seoond geats 16s., third Beats 78. 64. We have bad Jenny Lind here (fur by that naz is beet Known), and éhe is annonne sd 16 appoar t in Handel's oratorio of the © Messih,”” ander patronage of the Lord Lieuteu.. Rooms. A more geucrous worn © Jind; she is giving her gratuinrs wer. benetit of Mercers’ Hoepttai «oi the inc for the relief of distressed musicians in A most insidions attempt wos lately made sack Roney on the Galway line, He rent o ter to the different papers bere, eying that an undoubted fact that the govern draw the subzidy from that ho ‘ght by Bir Cus. 4 of & ep heard it as ut ty with. consequence ue. The uence turned ougyery favorable for the company, who have been ever since perfectly besieged with applications for shares, #0 that the directors have announced their in tention of finally closing the application for shares on tho 10th of November next. Apropos of the press, F notice that the Freeman's Jour- nal, in this city, has had to get one of Hoe’s four cylinder machines, which, I understand, gives most purfect satis. jon, and is a complete novelty in this country. are now imitating you (on a small scaic) with re- gard to cheap papers. We have twodaily papers, at 1d. ch, viz: the Freeman's Journal and the Irish Times, ‘the former represents the liberal interests, and the latter the conservative. Z Our principal tenor singer, Gustavus Geary, intends ing a profeesional tour in the United States. “He 1 next month, a well known abil sith Bucee hia exertions will be | \ | schoo! has been | Our Paris Correspondence. Pane, Oct. 27, 1859. Communication with Engind Interrupted ty the Late Stormy Weather—Qreat Aneviety Filt as to Public Opinion in England—Eyect of the Non-Arrival of the Mail on a>) Ministerial Soirio—Parisiom and London Journals Con- trasted—Diverish State of the Political Atmasphere—Old Political Jealousies Gathering Strength—The Opening of 1859 and 1860—The Maritime Supremacy of Hngland must Succumb—France will Brook no Rtval—Public Opinion in France—The Emperor on the Spanish and Moorish Question—M. Thiers on the Malian War ant Its Fruits—The Constitutionnel and the English Press on the Suc Canal Question—The Moniteur and the Late Count Colloredo—The Emperor and Empress Preside at a Calrinet Council—The Emperor of Austria will Not Visit Their Majesties at Compeigne—Grisi’s Fiasco at Madrid-—~ Mar- riage of a New York Lady at the English Embassy, cc. Owing to the tempestuous state of the weather we are without any intelligence from England. The gale has been so violent in the Channel that the Dover and Folke- stone steamers did not put to sea, and the mails are de- layed from the same cause. ‘The truth is that the fevered state of the atmosphere in a political sense at this moment renders the slightest in- terruption between the two countries—even that of the usual hourly communication—-a matter of no trivial im- portance. The anxiety evidenced by all men in office here, ‘as well as by diplomatists and those ac:ustomed to deep reflection on political affairs, to see every word published by the Jeading organs of pubic opinion in England is ex- traordinary; it is only when circumstances interrupt the usual supply that you aro fairly made awave of its extent. Last night, for instance, 1 was at a ministerial soirée, where the party did not number more shan forty persons, and the fact of the non-arrival of the Eng'ish mails oc- casioned such a void in the ordinarily animated discus- sians that one might almost have imagined one self assisting at the news of some serious conére- temps. 1 dxt not know, I remarked to a political personage of high character and authority, that our journals were so very important a feature in a reunion of this kind. Ah, was the reply, a ministerial despatch ig really secondary to the impor- tance that is attached to them, All understand in society of this kind that, dhough in England you have no Moniteur, no official communication, you haye what is more im portant—articles contributed by the Jeading statesmen and ministers of the day on foreign affairs, and that their articies, unlike those of our Moniteur, do not “take the kingdom with violence’’—do not interrupt, so to speak, the flow and expresejon of public opinion, but are simply thé result, the echo, of that public opinion. “And how do they manage 1 make this inference?” I asked. “How!” he replied; “why, from the reiteration of the sentiments which comprise their articles, Once broached, we perceive they instantly make way, like the one wave ingrees towards the shore is never lost, but is ed on and supported by myriads of followers. A 1 of etanding could not de this unless sure of the on of itg readers, ‘Then the opposition fire from party papers is very instructive tous, for we observe that on foreign affturs it is always a war of outposts—they sel- dom direct their cannon en each other’s centre; thus, while respectively fulfilling their accustomed réle before the English public, they im reality are simply in accord, © far as we are concerned. The English gation is always one in its foreign affairs, and the representative of that unity is AS newspapers, 1 spoke of the feverish state of the political atmosphere, The fact is, it is impossible to exaggerate it. The old jea lousies Which have so long constituted political capital © aequired renewed strength and vigor from surring events of the year which is now drawing to a close, ad Head one almost to anticipate that the jour de ) may prove no lees remarkable, by some im- per‘al intimation, than that ef 1859, 80 famous as the pre liaiian war. The maritime supremacy of the moral weight of France mast 18 of la perfide Alvion—Krance @ vigorous executive to ‘have the world at nd she bas now got what she wanted—the hee: toring of Fngland has long been intolerabie, &¢., Ke. , are pbrases which meet you in cyery form and shape. uiten fail on the ear divested of any oflensive char- rv; butthe idea, the principle, is never absent. Tho of the Emperor in regard ‘to the Spanish-storoeco meets. universal approval—eyen —_legitim. who sneer at everything, cannot restrain r expressions of eulogy, and ail indulge the hope that outiof thia Jitle cloud) at presant.no bigger then m, man's band, a hurricane will come wherein the trae 4 honor of France will be seen. ut no! dM. Thiers, on Sunday’ night, ata he Rue Ville ’Eveque, belonging to a lady’ who well known for her Orleanist receptions, “how this an policy is gradually exhibiting its blossoms. A war @ Rhine would have been a serious attsir, and thing could be more wise than to avoid it. at vers, consolidated by ime and frequent reparations, are not to be destroyed by violent assault. The outworks must be dret sapped and undermined, the ground from beneath must be displaced, made rotten and crumbling, and then it will be good to apply as much open forse as you will”? This is the key note to the pouce of Villa- franca. The Emperor of the French never did a wiser thing than when he made peace with the Emperor of Ans- tria—a policy which was not to be brougit in question by any minor matters, such as the restoration ot the Dukes of Tuscany, Modena and Parma, which are now from their very’ nature to fall into their right places. His plan was—aud he saw it clearly—to fall back as much as possible on the gigantic power of England, and. under the ebade of that alliance continue that system of encroachments which bas hitherto been so successful, and which, perhaps, will eventually enable him to defy our hereditary rival, and ultimately to do what he thinks proper with italy. This calling into existence the defunct power of Spain is not unlikely to prove a trump card in his hand, These observations of M. Thiers have been re- ported to me on authority which hrs never yet deceived me. and I give them as I heard them. ‘The tone of the Constitutionnel, whose official dignity is now prescriptive, has of late been peculiarly sarcastic and Ditter in respect to English policy and the English press. ‘To-day it has a Jong article on the Isthmus of Suez question, in which England is accused of the grossest in- Jnsuice. ’Now, remembering that the word “bubble,” ag applied to the scheme of cutting a canal between the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, was the Janguage of Lord Palmerston, the existing Enylish Prime Minister, and that the inspiring genius of the Constitutionnel is known to be Count Walewski, the Foreign Minister of France, the form of expression is tolerably strong. The article in question further goes on to acctise England of unwilling- nese to see other nations possessing a shorter road to Eng- lish interests in India, but declares that such narrow minded motives must eventually succumb to the general wish of Europe and the interests of human progress. It is only a few days ago that the same journal took 6c- casion to speak derisively of the assumption of a nation in the affairs of Italy which had not thought to expend a question ists 8 wo no doubt but that | guinea or a drop of blood in her service; and I see that to- Say it falls foul of the Morning Herald,’ the English tory ‘organ, which had published an article ‘on the China ques- tion hinting that the price of the French contingent was England’s accession to the es8—a price which Lord Palmerston seemed no way disposed to accept—and add- ing a hope that English policy would in no way be depen- dent on the French Emperor. ‘The Constitutionnel retorts on the tory organ with great, indignation, that ‘France as not the habit of imposing its aid, but {t can accord it, even to the tories, should they ever return to power and think fit to ask it.’ The Moniteur of this morning contains & notice of the death of M. le Comte Colloredo, the Austrian Plenipoten- tiary at Zurich, and passes a touching eulogy on the ta- Jents and: straightforwardness which on this last occasion of the exercise of his oH Va qualifications, as in every other, distinguished him. It appears that M. lo Comie Caroli, who Teplaces him, was expected at Zurich daily, The death of so powerful a ne; at atime when an accurate knowledge of all the- turns and by- plays of previous discussions is so necessary, cannot fail LA ottng fresh difficulties in the way of what remains to jone. ‘The letter signed Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, addressed to Pope Gregory XVI., just published by the Stecle, is dis- avowed by the Moniicur as having been written by tho Emperor. It was the preduction of his elder brother, who died at Forti in 1831, Yesterday a Cabinet Council was held at St. Cloud, when the Emperor presided, and at_which tho Empress assisted. Their Majesties proceed to Compiegne on the 3Ist of October, and remain there until the 30th of November. Invitations, divided into five series for six days each, haye been addressed, the Patrie informs us, to a certain number of atte guiahed Personages. The statement, it adds, that the Emperor of Austria was about to visit Compiegne, is not correct. Prince Jerome is so far ro- established in bealth that he was present on Tueaday evening, at the Vaudeville theatre, to witness the per- formance of the ‘Dalles de Cur.” ‘The Princess Clouilde accompanied him, and looked remarkably well. ‘The Spanish journals have been quite lively with poor Grisi’s failure. " This celebrated artist, who cannot under- atand that the sweetest songsters are subject to the penal { everything born of dust, nas addressed a letter ish public, in which, after protesting the mort i respect, she asks for another hearing. This has uted. and the result is another discomfiture so at the once renowned ‘ Norma,” that kept thou- anging ip Letening rapture while with seraphic wie she clung to the knees of the Colossal Lablache, burst into teare and quitted the stage, General Bedeau bas taken advantage of the amncety and returned to France. The daughter ef Austen Main, Esq., of New York, was yesterday married at the English Embasay to Mr. Brydon, of the Bombay Artillery, pun been # 0 Our Brussels Correspondence. Bacsseis, Oct. 26, 1859. ‘The Halian Question—The Anglo-French Alliance—Subjects of Contention tetween France and England— Piercing the Isthmus of Suez, dee., de. ‘The peace treaty signed at Zurich, between the plenipo- tentiaries of France and Austria, has made very little dif- ference in the political eitnation of Europe; uncertainty and cheaginess exist as much ag ever, and it is impossible to view without awe those complications which may arise every moment either in Maly, or between two of the great Powers of Borope—Engiand and France. In th 4 8 Wo be feared that the pationay of the Halan people will grow tired of awaiting the pro- tracted settling of their fate, and that they will no longer continue in the calm attitude they have showa for wholo months. Italy has displayed, since the cessation of tho war, an admirable instance of order and «iguity; we wishes of the people have been expressed freely,’ but, at the same time, with undeniable wisdom: no revolution was ever conducted more peaceably, Italy has understood that her unity must be recognized and proclaimed throughout Europe; by her calm attitude she has proved she was worthy of conquering for herself a place among the large and free States. Italy has convinced the world she could dispense with the guardianship of the Princes of the House of Austria, The acts of the Provisional governments have shown that the nation could no longer submit to the ferule of an autocracy, and must bo ruled by the constitutional régime. Ne man will be found to deny that Italy has accomplished, with success} the conditions of her programme, and that her political apprenticeship has been masterly achieved, Now, the nations of Europe gathered intoa jury to say whether Italy is equal to self-government may return an affirmative verdict. ‘The peoples of thé Italian peninsula having done their duty; the Powers of Europe must now do theirs, and hold a Congress to ex- amine all the questions still pendant; but it is with regret we add that those Powers show the most cruel indecision respecting the Duchies. The rivalry betwen Austria and Sardinia, between France and England, makes the mect- ing of a Congress almost impossible. Meanwhile, the peoples of Italy have to remain in their present position, however full of anxiety and danger it may be to all, and though a spark may spread the conflagration abroad; and then, What will become of Europe if the revolutionary tide overwhelm it? C peken, apeookeanp passions of a pa- tion, when politics and religion are at stake, is a dangerons game; for those passions, thus goaded on, may spread discord far and wide. Therefore, notwithstanding the signing of the poace treaty of Zurich, notwithstanding the protestations of England in favor of the liberty of Italy, notwithstan ting the soothing words of France and Aus- (ria, notwitus(anding the very calm of Sardinia and the Duchies, public opinion has just causes for uneasiness. I stated above that the second cause which might bring about fresh perplexity ia the rivalship of France and Eng- land. Ever since the Crimean war both countries have always appeared to live on friendly terms, and for the last five years vo rupture hag taken place; but public opinion, whoee political sense is exquisitely developed, feels that the Anglo-French alliance, as it is termed, holds but by o thread. Both nations are averge to each other in wianner and character; they are rivals on the seas, and have an equal political preponderamcy. On the one ‘hand Engliah manufacture is superior to the French, but the French ariny is mightier than the English. In short, both these Powers have equal weight on the destinies of Eu- but each wishes to assume an absolute preponde- ‘y. Such ig the efficient reason why the Anglo-French alliance is deemed insincere by most people, and why the Italian question does not engross every mind. ‘The ‘most trifling circumstance is always considored, not in itself, but as it may aifectthe relationship of France and England: and the meeting of a Congress has more or jess chance of suecess, according to the degree of amity-or enmity sub- fisting between both countries. ‘The war between Spain aud Morocco wil! set in motion the fleets of France, England and Spain ; a general con. flict is therefore to be apprehended. ’ The enterprise Which bas {or its object the piercing of the Isthmus of Suez is patronized by France, but vehemently opposed by England ; this js @ new cause of dissension betwee: voth countries. You may judge by this how every political question is made to bear on the interests of France ana England. I have touched upon aquestion of reat political importance, though belonging wholly to com- mercial interests, The piercing of the Isthmus of Suez was undertaken, we may say, sololy with a view to | facilitate the manitime intercaurse between the peoples of Europe and the vations of Asin. By means of the pro- jected cauai cousiierable time would be saved, (by not having to couble the Cape of Good Hope,) aud a Serious reduction in ue rate of freightage would inevitably follow. Now that the expedition to China has attracted public attention, it bas been calculated that the 15,000 men the French goverument had intended to send to China, via the Cape of Goud Hope, wonld cost for every man 14500 Tranes ($300), and 5,000 franes ($1,000) "per horse, and that ‘the voyage would last six If the Suez canal were opened to navigation, the voyage would only three months, and the expenditare be reduced by one-third at le This 1ustance sutlices to show the high iaportance of that gigantic undertaking. Ail the peoples of Europe are not equally interested in the construction of the Suez canal. France, which possesses Marseilles on the Mediterranean; Austria, with Trieste and Venice on the Adriatic; and Italy, having the ports of Genoa, Leghorn and Messina, must derive more advan- tages fromm the Suez canal than England and the Northern States, on account of their relative proximity vo the Isth- mus and the Red Sea. If the canal were constructed, a great portion of the Indian commerce would go to the above menticned ports, to the injury of English trade, which now monopolizes all the maritime transports in? tended for the countries in the Fast, ‘These rival interests cause the undertaking to be supported by France, while it is opposed by Great Brits Allow me to give you an abstract of the misadventures of the founders of the SuezCompany. A decree of the View roy of Feypt granted provisionally to Mr. F. de Lesseps the concession of & maritime canal through the Isthmus of ‘Suez, but under the express reserye that this concession should be ratified by the Sultan, The founder, Mr. de Lesseps, then sought the capital required for the execu. tion of the works : the capital stated at 200,000,000 francs ($40,000,000), which was obtained by a’ public subscription opened in all countries. The capital bel collected, Mr. de Leeseps organized his company, select fnoers, engaged mechanics, and finally, is the mouth of April last, he announced solemnly that the first stroke ickaxe had been given, and that the works would ly carried on. “In the beginning the Fzyptian did not offer the slightest opposition, and it was, not Uil a few days ago that the Viceroy of Egypt made it known to the company that the Sultan resused to sanc- ton the provisional concession, and that therefore the works must be stopped. ‘The representatives of the com- Pany, the Consuls of the European Powers at Alexandria, protested energetically ; but it was all in vain. The work- men haye been dismissed by order of the Egyptian autho. rities, and will be compelled to return whence they caine, This great undertaking is therefore stopped a long time. The company will, most likely, be dissolved, and then the piercing of the Isthmus of Suez will be rendered impossible for many a year to come; for it is not very probable that at a later period the im: mense capital required will again be realized. To what occult power is this miscarriage to be attributed? From. what I have hinted above people may easily come at the truth of the matter. The home policy of Belgium affords but very little of any interest just now. The Legislative Chambers are still closed; there is nothing to attract public attention besides industrial and financial questions. I have already spoken of a few plans of reform to be introduced into the indus. trial economy of Belginm; but of thiz more hereafter, when our Parliament is open, Our Berlin Correspondence. Bent, Oct. 26, 1859. Meeting of the. Prince Regent of Prussia and. the Emperor Alezander—Entrance of the Czar into the Silesian Capi- tal—The Russian and Prussian Aliance Receiving Strength in a Mutual Dislike to Austria—The Schiller Centenary in Prussia, dc., dc. ‘The departure of the Prince Regent and his son for Breslau was delayed till Saturday, the 22d inst, bis Impe- rial guest having been detained so long at Warsaw by the influx of little German potentates who had hastened there to welcome him, that he was unable to reach the place of rendezvous at tho time originally appointed. They (the Prince and his son) arrived at Broslau on Saturday afternoon, and started early the next morning to receive the Emperor at Oblau, a small town on the road to the Polish frontier. The meeting between the illustrious rela- tives is said to have been most cordial, and at ten A. M. the Czar made his solemn entrance into the Silesian capi- tal, attired in Prussian regimentals, and seated in an open carriage, with the two Prussian Princes in Russian uni- form on each side of him, followed by the Grand Duke of Saxe Weimar, the Prince of Orange, Duke of Bruns- wick, Princo of Wurtemberg, Prince of Meck- lenburg, Prince Gortschakoff, and a long and brilliant train of civil and military notabilities. The streets were decorated with Russian and Praseian flags, and crowded with spectators, who gave vent to their enthusi- aem in loud hurrabs as the royal cortige drove slowly along. In the evening there was a general illumination, bands of military music performed the national airs of Russia and Prussia, and the whole town was in a state of high delight and jubilee. In the forenoon of Monaay there was a grand review, at which Alexandor appeared at the head of his Prussian regimentof lancers, and in the even- ing he left again for Warsaw, accompanied by the whole retinue of Princes as far as the next station, whero they parted with mutual demonstrations of friendship and ro- gard, kissing and hugging each other in the approved Con- tinental fashion. The Prinee Regent returned to Berlin last night, with the Prince of Orange and Duke of Weimar, Prince Frederick William remaining in Silesia, ‘This meeting, and the circumstances attending it, have excited considerable sensation {n the political world, and the highest importance is attached to it, not only by the public at large, but by persons who aro usually well versed in diplomatic affairs. The official Prussian Gazette contains a remarkable leader on the subject, glorifying the alliance with Russia, which, it says, has existed with- out interruption for nearly a century, extolling the charac- ter of the present Czar to the skies, and expatiating upon the happy effects which the cordial understanding between him and the Prince Regent wil! Produce, as a guarantee of peace and rational progress, &>., &, Ihave frequently hinted of iate that the eonnection between thie country and Russia was becoming more intimate than ever, while the coolness of the two governments towards Austria geemed rather to increase than to diminish. That the first part of this statement was correct is sufficiently Proved hy the meeting that has just come off; but T was hardly prepared to find the secmd confirmed in 80 striking a manner as it bas been by the events that preceded the interview. Itwill be recoltected thatthe Bm- peror of Austria sent bis ooarin, the Arob@uke Albert, to Warsaw to compliment the Cav ) 08 bis Russian M bis arrival, wad to ia y Wae psesing through 4 wma w months, | for | —TRIPLE SHEET. Breslau, he would have the pleasure of paying his respects to him in person. Hi inviting himself to such a meeting, aftér the repeated slights he had received from Russia, and notwithsianding Alexander had never returned the visit he had paid him two years ago at Weimar, was an evident proof that the pride of the Hapsburgs had been brought very low; but it was doomed to undergo a still greater humiliation. In common courtesy it woukl seem impossiblo to refuse such a proposal; the Emperor of Austria ollered to travel’ seve- ral hundred miles to see his Muscovite colleague, who would not have to go a single step out of his way, the little town of Myslowit in Austrian Poland, where Fran- cis Joseph intended to visit him, being on @ direct route from Warsaw to Breslau. The interview between the two Emperors, therefore, was looked upon as certain; it was telographed from one end of Europe to the other; and as it was bardly thought that the Russian could avoid asking the Anstrian to accompany him on to Berslau, the Vienna papers began already to king songs of triumph on the ro- stored union between the three principal members of the ex-Holy Alliance, and to indulge in all sorts of pro- abilities on the resuits that were to be anticipated from it, If the Austrian government countenanced or inspired these lucubrations, it has once more evinced that want of tact and circumspection of which ite policy has lately afforded s0 many instances; at least, the conduct of the Emperor’ of Russia can only be ac counted for on the supposition that he was disgusted nt, this attempt to derive political capital from a meeting which at the best would have been only an act of courtesy oa his part. Whatever may have been his motives, however, the fact is, that instead of tak- Jug the usual route by way of Mysiowitz, he preferred going round by the branch railroad te Katternitz in Prus- flan Silesia, by which he avoided the Austrian territory al- together, and put it out of the power of Francis Joseph to interrupt him. believe there Js no example in histor} of a crowned bead having ever before received the cut di- rect in So unmistakable & manver, The poor young Kaiser has been made wo eat an enormous quantity of dirt since thecommencement of the present year, but this is cer- tainly the most poignant mortification he has yet been subjected to, and in other times and under other eircum- stances such an ingult might have been answered by a declaration of war. ‘The unexpectes! light thrown by this intermezzo upon the relations existing between the two great despotic empires of Eastern Europe has nude a profound impression, both in political and Baancia! circles. Austrian fonds, which had just fallen several per cent in consequence of the late astounding eaporé of the peculiar contrivances their finan- ciers resort to for raising the wind, experienced a furtber decline, aud this uneasiness is increased from day to day by the sinister reports: arising in quick euecession from the Austrian capital. Everything there appears to bein the utmost confusion; the Ministry is in a etate of dissolution, the members of the imperial family are in- triguivg and cabatling agaiust each other, and the only popular one amongst them, Archduke Ferdinand Muxi- Milian, is leaving the country aud retiring into voluntary exile. From Hungary the accounts are most alarming; the concessions promised by the government are views with distrust, or rejected az insutlicient, and the stifled discontent of the people 38 ready 10 burst out into an open flame. Of course, while affairs are in so dig- tracted a condition, Austria cannot think of an armed in- tervention in Italy, aud tis is undoubtediy the reason why she has at length given her consent to a Congress, which she has hitherto opposed with such dogged ‘pertinacity. In Germany, too, her influence must be paralyzed by the same internal difficulties that impede her action on every, other point; and if the Prussian statesmen only pluck up courage and display an energy at all worthy of the occa- sion, they may carry everything before them, and settle the vexed question of German unity in a manner confor- mable to their own views and to the interests of the na- tion. Meanwhile, the National Convention, after being expelled from Franktort by a decree of the Senate, have taken refuge in Coburg, under the wing of Duke Ernest, from whence they continue to issuc their pro@lamations and keep alive the agitation which tho trucculent notes of Count Reichberg have vainly endeavored to suppress. ‘The programmo of the Schiller centenary has met with unlooked for difficulties, which will seriously impair the popular character of tht festival. Tt appears the Commit- tee have made their reckoning without thitir host— 4, e., | without that very important and arbitrary personage, the | President of Police. Assisted by the Kreuz Zeitung, this | worthy successor of the famous Hinekeldey has discover- ed amare’s nest. The 9th of November, the day on | which the grand procession in honor of Schiller was to | take place, and the colossal statue of the poet to be erect- ed in one of the principal squares of the city, happens also to be the anniversary of the death of Robert Blum, the great German democrat, who was shot ‘hy order of the Austrian government after the capture of Vienna by Windischgratz, and fearing that this coincidence might be laid hold of to con- vert the procession into a political demonstration, Baron Zed\itz has vetoed it altogether. The committee appealed to the Minister of the Interior, Count Schwerin, but were told that bis Excellency did not find himseif called upon to interfere with the arrangements of the local authort- ties. Count Schwerin, when in opposition, was one of the most. strenuous asserters of popular rights, and a deter- mined adversary of the unctious system of petty despot- ism introduced by his predecessor, Westphatia. His ac- cession to ollice was bailed a8 a triumph of coustitutional principles and the inauguration of a new era of liberty of thought and action; bot it is an old adage that horores mutant mores. The proceedings, therefore, will be con- fined to in-door festivities—to performances at the theatres and other places of amusement, distributions of medals, albums, copies of Sebiller’s works, &c., speeches, sup pers, and finally a general illumination.” Tam afraid the | narrowmindedness displayed by the Prussian officials in this transaction will produce a very bad impression in Ger- many, particularly when contrasted with the bbera) course of other States, who neither possees the comparatively liberal institutions of this country, nor are governed by men poseessing liberal sentimenis. Even in Austeia per- ission has been given to celebrate the file of the author | of * Wallenstein,’* the “Thirty Years’ War’? and ++ Willian Tell”—works in which the misdeeds of the House of Haps- burg are exposed to merited obloyny—witb those very demonstrations of respect and enthusiasm which are for- bidden in Prussia—the metropolis of jutelligence, as she calls herself, and the would-be head of a free German Confederation. Some hopes are still entertainod, indeed, that the Prince Regent may be prevailed upon to rescind the prohibition issued by Baron Zedlitz and con- firmed by Count Schwerin; but, considering the disike of his Royal Highness’ for all popular manifestations, and his indifference to literature and its representatives, I should say there is little prospect of these antie}pations being reniwel. “It sooms the destiny of Prussia to commit blinders on every occasion, and this, though trifling in appearance, is in reality a very serious one; it will, in fact, do more {injury to the cause than would’be inilcted upon it by the loss of a pitchod attic. THE SPANISH-MOROCCO WAR. Excitement In Gtbraltar=The Franco- Spanish Plan of Attack on the Sultan— Marshal the Duke de Malakoff Sup- posed to be the Author—Queen Isa- bell: Hopes from the Plunder of the Moorish Treasury—Napoleon’s Policy in the Complications—Feeling in Eng- land—Speeches of the Queen of Spain and Marshal O'Donnell, dc. OUR GIBRALTAR CORRESPONDENCE. ‘GrprartaR, Oct. 22, 1859. Intense Eacitement in the Fortress on the Spanish Declaration &f War—The Franco-Spanish Schemes Override England's Policy—General Rejoicing in Spain at the Prospect of @ War—Gathering of Fleds in the Mediterranean and on the African Coast—Strength of the Land Forces—2he Span- ish War Programme for Victories and Subsidies—The Duke de Malakoff and his African Expericnces—Real Moving Causes of the Struggle and Designs of the Allies—RU’ Pi- rates Trading at @ibrallar—The Moors Imitating the French Mode of Suffocating Prisoners—Can Napoleon Convert the Mediterranean into a “ French Lake?’ — How France and Spain Prepared to Attack Gibraltar if England Joined Austria in Ialy—Policy of Napoleon the First Towards Tangier—How Muley Mohammed Of- fends Napoleon the Third—Tangier Bay as a Commercial Rival of Gibraltar—Its Importance to France as a Milt- tary Station—General European Complications, and a French Invasion of England in Prospect—Commercial Ad- vantages of a French Triumph, dic. ‘The official announcement from Madrid, received at this garrison, appointing the 8th of November as the day for the departure of the Spanish army for Morocco, has caused the most intense excitement among the military and float- {Dg population of this place. Up to the present moment hopes were entertaincd that England, through her diplo- macy, would have prevented a war which now seems to be inevitable. Her appeals, as well as threats, backed by the presence of an immense fleet in the Bay of Gibraltar have had no effect upon the stubborn Spaniard. Frenc influence—for the decision of the Spanish Court is here charged to the intrigues of France—united to the deop hatred which every Spaniard entertains towards England, bas, in this instance at least, proved too much for Lord Palmerston and his ministerial aesooiates, Everywhere in Spain tne decision of the Spanish Minis- try is received with the wildest delight by tho people. Spanish and French flags are seen side by side waving from the windows of many of the public and private buildings of Madrid. To suppose that this feeling is pro- duced by the mere declaration of war upon Morocco is simply rliculous, for there $s not a Spaniard of intelli- gence who does not see in the movement a design against the longer continuance of British power and rule in the Mediterranean. To show that the movements of Spain and France aro thus understood by the governments of Europe generally, it ig only necessary to call attention to their official jour- nals,and to the large and unusual assemblago in those waters of their vessels of war. . Russia is here represented by a respectable squadron, ‘ns are also the flags of Sardinia, Naples and Sweden; but fn vain do we look for tho flag of tho Unitod States, Doubtless the representatives of Ameriean intercts aro moro agreeably entertained elsewhere; and yet it would seem but natural that the extensive commorcial interests of the United States in these quarters should, at this junc. tore of affairs, have the countenance at least of our Medi- terrancan squadron. In addition to the French squadron in this bay, France has lined the const of Africa, from Oran to Tangier, with her vessels of war, which are con stantly in motion, watcbiog the moyemeut of events, portion of hig (Francis Joseph’) dominions on bis way to | These vessels have on board, ready for disembarkation , ten thousand French soldiers, with large supplies of pro~ visions and munitions of war, Spain, according to the official Madrid journals, has in readiness for Morocco an army of from one hundred and fifty to one hundred and seventy thousand men, while France occupies the dividing line of Algeria and Moroeco With aforco variously estimated at from fifty to sixty thousand of her best Algerine troops. From this state- ment something of an estimate can be formed of the im- mene military preparations now making for the invasion Of the Morocco territory. J give as an item of interest and information the follow- ing translation from a Madrid paper, showing the plan of the campaign, which, it is understood, was laid out by the Duke of Malakoff and adopted by the Spanish Ministry, It will be seen that the whole work of revolutioniging Mo- Tocco is to be accomplished in the brief spaoe of fifty-nine days, including the making of treaties and the receiving from Morocco of eleven millions of money as the gost of the War:— Shipping of the expeditionary army to Conta, ead ata, landing and organizauiou of the columns. March from Ceuta tw Tangier, Attack of Tangier by seaand |: stay in leaving the soldiors, “ March trom Tangier to Lavach. o. ee + Atiack op Lavach by sea and land, storming of the piace, ADA SLAY... 0. cee e cee March from Lavach to Mehedia........ Attack on Mehedia, by sea and land, storming of and stay...... Fee March from Mehedia to Rhabat. sees Atach on Rbabat, by sea and land, siorming of tho Place and stay...... 2... March from Rhabat to Mequines. Attack and storming of Mequiue: March from Mequinez to Fez, Attack on Fez, storming of thi A treaty of pence. Return to Rhabat, last © WAT HO wo ao we £ & 5 =e z & g = 3 z g ° » 5D Total . ” ser to tax each of the places above uamed as It is pro follows This is all very well, go faras smooth writing and figaroe have anything to do with the matter; but the Duke of Malakof!, whose experience, as Colonel Pellisier, in tho inode of African warfare, Las been by no means limited, may make the discovery before the war is over, of some slight errorsjof calculation, more especially as to the amount of assesements which are to be collected frem the different towns aud cities. The idea also entertained by the Spanish journals, thatthe treasury of the Emperor is immensely rich, and that thirteen mil- lions of dollars can be abstracted from it without incon- venience or perceptible dimunition of its wealth, could have originated only in the fertile brain ofa Spaniard or in the imagination of the distinguished personage who- is charged with preparing the details of the intended ox- pedition. Whatever else Spain may succeed in obtaining from Morocco, money will form no part of her conquests, by legitimate means. The only way she can hope to ob- tain it will be by pillage, and the amount thus secured will be very small indeed. Having stated fucts and details thus far, let us now ex- fanine into the alleged causes which have so suddenly brovght about the present state of affairs, ‘The real motive is purposely concealed from the world, excepting here and there some of the papers of Europe, with more boldness than discretion, have ventured on stating the truth, and calling public attention to the real designs of Spain and France. First, then, as to Spain. Spain justifies the war on tho grovnd that her penal provinces, or in other words, that her garrison at Ceuta has been ‘besieged by the Riflans of Morocco, ana that her goldiers have been murdered, France tinds grounds of complaint from assaults upon her Algerine territory and possessions by Maroqueen snbjects. Itis, then, with a view of avenging these wrongs that Spain and France have declared war upon the empire of Morocco Now, as to the first complaint, the Spanish. garrison of Ceuta, which is almost directly opposite to Gibraltar, on the African coast, has been in a constant state of siege by the Rifflans ¢ver since Spain came into its possession. Not a single year has passed that assaults by the Moors have not been made upon that garrigon and murders committed, notwithstanding the well meanb efforts of the Morocco Emperor to prevent these acts of outrage. And yet Spain has never soriously interposed her power to prevent these abuses, fully aware as she has been that the responsibility of these acis did not rest with the Court of Morocco, but that they were the work of a lawless, uncontrollable body of marauders. To givo additional weight for the war on Morocco, Spain sete forth that her vessels have been pursued and captored by the pirates of Riff and their crews murdered. ‘This charge is totally destitute of truth, so far as the murders are concerned, and with the exception, where one or two Spanish vessels have drifted upon the coast of Rif, not an instance of capture by the Riffians of Spanish vessels has been beard of for the last ten years at least. It is @ singular ci stance in connection with this subject, which I have not seen mentioned by either the Spanish or English press, that these Ritllans, with their boats, are permitted to come into the bay of Gibraitar and engage in trade without any interference by tho authorities of this garrison to prevent them, although knowing them to be what are called (he pirates of Ruf. Whether this leniency is a part ef England’s diplomacy: in Africa I am pot prepared to say, but the fuct is, never- thelese, as I have stated it, Wo maust look, then, for some other cause than the pre- tended one now put’ forth by Spain for her war upon Morocco. Then as to France. Since her possession of Algeria, France has encouraged her colonists in their inroads upon, the neighboring territory of Morocco, seizing upon large tracts of Jand and appropriating them to their own uses, Of late years this state of things has been growing worse and worse, until finally the Moors were forced to take arms in defence of their property and lives. This resigt- ice has been coustrued by France into a sufficient justifl- cation for war upon Biorocco. Like Spain, France finds. additional grievances, and the charge is ‘made that tho French prisoners taken by the Moors were inbamanly burnt to death by their captors. The number thus de- stroyed, as far as Ican learn, and from good authority, amounts only to four or tive at most, out of all the priso- ners captured. This mode of derstood, is not original with the Moors; it was introduced the present illustrious ‘Duke of Malakot, when that distinguished officer was plain Colonel Pellissier. True, it was not male prisouers-that this cruel punishment was inflicted upon by the Colonel, but females and their children—the Wives, mothers, sis- ters and infants of those who were fighting against tho French—amounting to hundreds. This circumstance haa passed into history, and its mention here can neither add toor take from the enormity of the act. This isolated at- tempt of retribution cannot be considered, under the cir- cumstances, a8 sufficient cause for the movements of France upon Morocco. From this mode of reasoning we must arrive at the con- clusion that there are causes other than those put forth by Spain and France for the war which is now in progress, and the simple question, of what are these causes, is now to be answered. In a word, then, itis the: France, aided by Spain, to ss herself of the mastery of the Mediterranean—nothing more und nothing less. It is her intention to crush out of existence English power and in- fluence in this quarter, and to make the Mediterranean what the elder Napolenn declared it should be—a “French lake.” All other reasonings upon the subject are incon- pene oe om and coe ns of France, as now re- vealed. at the great ta btn pe his nephew bas undertaken to secure, and wit every Hotei = eee ie sure ie = war with Morocco is nce igland’s power in the Mediterran fi that moment, dates its decline. ca had bow @ word or two here by way of parenthesis. Long before the Ceuta question ‘arore, mtd ratg the war jn Euro) stationed at Algesiras an army of thousand men. Theee troops, it was supposed iy - land, were to act against 1! 1d gartioon, ead initio Measures were taken to increase {ts strength by the ad- dition of now regiments and improvements of her baite- Ties and defences. England demanded of Spain her rea- sons for the collection of so numerous an army in sight of Gibraltar; but Spain failed to give the y ans swer, and again England insisted, and in Spain re- fused. It is now stated that Spain was under the epecial instructions of Napoleonic ministers. ‘That this army was eriginally destined for Gibraltar is the general op! inton. of fhe arr rah Bhepmiginene of this place, as it is known to beof the English government. It was onl awaiting the action of England in uniting herself with Austria against France to begin the movement. How far tho knowledge of this fact may havo operated in prevont- ing England from openly aiding the cause of Austria ean. at most be but re. Butthe fact which I wish to establish is, that the army at Algesiras now in movement for Morocco, was, at the time we are speaking of, already in that fortress, and the further fact may also be stated, that France had the same army she now hus on tho fron’ tiers of Morocco. This suggests the inquiry of how far France and Spain at that time had an understandiug, if any, a8 to their future movements in the Mediterranean, They were then equally prepared for an assault upon Gib- rallar or , and the neutrality of England alone se- Kamin tino for the time being the qnict possession of r in. From the time of the first Napoleon down, Franses has always had in view the conquest of Tangier. "The famoas battle of Isly,in 1844, was not undertaken merely to re- Yenge @ wrong done to her, but for tho acquisition, of Maroqueen territory, and thie'at the time was openty ad- mitted by her minister at ‘Tangier. ‘The ill arrangomont of that campaign, and the cowardice of Louis Philippa i yielding to the threats of England, dofeated the guocess of = are fom enterprise, Will be Well to boar in mind that the prosont Empe- Tor, Muley Mohammed Ben Abdallah, lod the Moorish ar- my against France in that campaign, and sinoe his acces: sion to the throne of his uncle he has shown his further diglike of France by additional grants to England of eom- mercial privileges at the sacrifice of French inteccsts. This alone would furnish sufficient ground. for remon- Strance on the part of France, who is now shut out from & trade with Morocco which was largely on the increas, Every other nation, however, in treaty with Mgrocoo, has equal ground of complaint’ against the Emperor, as by" treaty they aire entitled to equal privileges with the most favored nation. But England has willed it otherwise, and her ingolence and usurpations are about to moot their joint , if not in the entire overthrow, reward in the subju of the Moroceo Empire Wo will now direct attention to the bay and city of Tan- gier, and show some of the many ocean commer: cial and military, which it ses over Gibraltar. Tho distance from Gibraltar to Tangier is ubont thirty miles, and they are within sightof each other. ‘The communication is Kept up by several small Inteen craft, engaged in the rying trade between the two places. "The port of Tangier one of the most convenient and a 6 harbors in the neighborhood of the Straits, It is capable of aecommodat-