The New York Herald Newspaper, October 29, 1859, Page 6

6 NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. OFFICE N. W. CORNER OF NASSAU AND FULTON STS. TERMS, cash in advance. Money sent dy mail will he at the Wisk of the wender. Postage siampe’ not A ees ‘as subscription THE DAILY HERALD. two cents THE WEEKLY HERALD, cocry katu hs “ean per copy, Bipot anoeio ny at rf per annum to any part 0 t (or $5 to re of the Continent, both to include postage; the fa teh ‘ach month at mente or PTE FAMILY HERALD on Wednesday, at four conte por WOLUN TARY CORRESPONDENCE, containing important mows, wlidied my quarter of the world; Y used, will be x (pall for.” Bar OOK FOrkiGh CORRESPONDENTS ARE Parrico.ancy Keovestep ro Seat aut Lerters anp Pack: “NO NOTICE taken of anonymous correapondencs. We do not commutation ADVERTISEMENTS rencioed cvery day; advertisements tn. dm the WEKLY Hunan, Paity Hegatp, and én the and JOB PRINTING szecuted with neatness, cheapness and de- annem oR St ke conte Wetuesday, Volame XXIV.,..... oennerenesecseeses Ne. 300 reat Britain, | What is Treason 1—Who are Traitors? ‘Two generations have elapsed since the trea- son of Burr brought home to the public mind an active sentiment of what constitutes treason, and who are traitors; and living under a free | government, about which every citizen is at liberty to say what he pleases, when he pleases and where he pleases, the treason at Harper's Ferry fell at firet upon a blunted sense in the public mind as to what that heinous crime ne the highest interests of society real- iy But the people are beginning to waken toa sense of the true depth and bearing of the trea- sonable abolition conspiracy and invasion of Brown and his Northern co-traitors, and look to the administration of Mr. Buchanan to de- fend the principles of society, and the very foundations of government amongus, by bring- ing every one of the parties implicated to the bar of justice. The constitution of the United States defines this highest crime against society AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. ore Py ACADEMY OF MUSIO, Fourteenth street—Travian Ore- Ra—Maunee ai One o’Clock—Pouv10—La Traviata—Rigdo LeTTO. NIBLO’S GARDEN, Broadway.—Tue Farry Criche—An Hour w Seviui.es—Barney ras Baron. BOWERY THRATRE, Bowery.—Saran 1x Paris— Camey 0O—Massacre a " pein Dor—State vs. Paweins. WALLACK’S THKA‘ —l al ‘TRE, Broadway.—Fasr Mew oF ran WINTER GARDEN, Broadway, opposite Bond street. oe LAUBA KEENE’S THEATRE, 624 Broadway.—Tux Fizo- TION—ANTONY AND CUROPATRA, NEW SOWFRY THEATRE, Bowery.—Prorie’s Lawrer —Swiss Swains—Eaour—Biack Even Susan. THEATRE FRANCAIB, No. 585 Broadway—Les Crocusts po Pere Mantin—Jean ue Sor. BARNUM'’S AMEKICAN MUSEUM, Broadway.—After- noon and Evening—Ovr or tax Derxut—Tauor or Tam- wourn. WOOD'S MINSTRELS, 444 Broadway.—Eratorian Sonas, Danoxs, 40.—Bevouin ARrase. BRYANT’S MINSTRELS, Mechanics Hall, 472 Broadway.— Bumseseges, Songs, Tai —~SCENRS AT PRavon's. MOZART BALL, U& Brondway.—Taropon’s TuA.TRE OF Agrs. , ° HOPE (HAPEL, 720 Broad TRIPLE New York, Saturday, October 29, 1859. The case of old Brows was continued at Charles- town, Va., yesterday. The evidence introduced so far haz not varied very materially from the state- ments of the occurrences at Harper's Ferry here- tofore published. The testimony for the prosecu- tion closed at an early hour yesterday, and after the examination of several persons for the defence it was found that a number of the witnesses for the prixover were not on hand. Brown made an appeal to the Court for a delay of the trial till his friends should arrive, when his witnesses would be brought before the Court to testify. He complained bitterly of the unfairness of his trial, and intimated that he had been deprived of what money was upon his person when he was captured. We also freely declared his lack of confidence in the counsel appointed by the Court to defend him. Messrs. Green and Botts ac- cordingly threw up the case. A young lawyer from Bosten, named Hoyt, arrived at Charlestown yes- terday to take part in Brown's defence, and Judge Tilden, of Obio, was expected to arrive last evening. --Wauan's Traua. SHEET. in these words:— ‘Tr: agon against the United States shall consist only in levy ng war them, or in adhering to their enemies gv ing them and comfort. This has been further defined by the ju- diciary, in several decisions bearing upon the point in question in the following clear and distinct terms:— blage of persons for the purpose ef carrying into effect, le purpose.—Azparte 4 Jn order to constitute the offence of treason the United States, there should be a conspiracy to resist generally and publicly, by torce, and an actual resistanc by force, or by intimidation of numbers, against a law of the U inited States. —United way, 2 Wal- luce, Jr Whore war is levied, all those who take any part in ‘t, however minute or however remote from the scene of uc: tion, and whe are actually leagued in the g-neral c n- spiracy, are regarded a8 traitors.—2zparte Ballman, 4 Cranch. 76. Here we have the law of treason, and who are traitors, clearly defined. So accustomed have thousands of our citizens become to sit. under and follow the “higher law” teachings of factions demagogues, that they have forgotten their paramount duty te their country, and the power which society must wield for the mainten- ance of its own existence. Seward, Chase, Wade, Wilson, Giddings, Gerrit Smith, Greeley, Howe, Sanborn, and numerous other accessories be- fore the fact, are, equally with John Brown, amenable to the law, and it is the duty of every branch of the government to defend the majes- ty of the law. It is incumbent u) on the Presi- dent to direct Judge Black to take the neces- sary steps at once to arrest and bring to trial all these treasonable~ conspirators. John Brown and his fellow prisoners should be tried by the federal, and not by the State authorities. His treason was plotted in Iowa, Ohio, New York, Connecticut and Massachusetts; his pre- parations were gathered together in Maryland, and fromMaryland the band started to invade the State of Virginia. The State authorities States vs. _NEW YORK HERALD, Territor «1 Acquisition in Centra! Ame: t- ca—The Example of Great Britain. We have now before us the official text of the conve. 0: rently concluded between Great Britain and Guatemala, respecting the territory known as Belize or British Honduras. It strictly conforms with the summary of its provisions as first published in the Heta.v, and justifies our remark that “it secures to Great Britain not only all the territory within which she exercised qualified rights in virtue of her treaties with Spain of 1783 and 1786, but a'so all the territory over which she has since, on one pretext or another, set up pretensions.” The treaty of 1783 gave to British subjects the right to cut wood within certain limits—that is to say, between the Rio Belize and the Rio Hondo, a coast line of about eighty mfles; that of 1786 extended the area wherein this right might be exercised from the Rio Belize downward to the Rio Sibun, an additional extent of about twenty miles, foMowing the coast. The sovereign- ty over all this territory was, however. exclusively reserved to Spain. The rights o Enz!and were limited to the simple permission to cut dye woods under certain close restric- tions. After the independence of the Spanish- American colonies, Great Britain sought to secure the continuance of these rights by simi- lar treaty stipulations with the republics which succeeded to the sovereignty of Spain in that part of the world; but, owing to several causes not necessary to name here, she was un- successful. She nevertheless kept up her statu quo in the territory defined by the treaties re- ferred to, not, however, without protest from the republic of Central Ameriea. Butat no time was any pretence of rights, permissive or otherwise, set up over territories beyond those defined by the Spanish treaties, until 1836, whema letter appeared from Sir George Grey claiming the whole country as fur south as the Sarstoon river, an additioual coast line of upwards of one hundred wiles, but giving no justification of the claim, which was simply a bold, unscrupulous at- tempt towards robbing Guatemala of territory incontestably hers, and over which her title had never been called in question. These preten- sions were at once indignantly repelled by the States interested in the question; and when Mr. Clayton made his notable exception (in the form of an ex post facto and private note) of the establishment of Belize from the operations of the famous Clayton-Bulwer convention, he took care to so frame it as to apply only to the establishment of Belize, as defined in the Spanish treaties. We allude to this in order to show that even if that exception were allowed to stand as part of the convention, Great Bri- tain could have no color of right to claim its ap- plication to the territory between the Sibun and Sarstoon rivers. That territory, whatever might be said of the region above the Sibun, was re- garded by the American government from the first as part of Central America, and as such subject to the provisions of the Clayton Bulwer convention, which excludes Great Britain as well as the United States from acquiring terri- tory or exercising dominion in any part of Central America. have no jurisdiction competent to bring out all the facts or to punish the whole crime. Or- ders should be given immediately to the re- spective United States Marshals to arrest Sew- ard, Wilson, Greeley, Smith, Giddings, Chase, Howe, Sanborn, and all the persons implicated in the proofs already in possession of the go- vernment, and the whole of this dangerous con- spiracy should be probed to the very bottom. ‘Te steamship Empire City, from New Orleans More than this should be done. Each house 20th and Havana 23d inst., arrived at this port last | of Congress should, immediately on meeting, night. There was nothing new at Havana worthy | proceed to expel every one of its members im- of mention. Max Maretzek and his opera troupe | plicated in the treason. The Senate, particu- had safely arrived per steamer Isabel, and would | jany. owes it to its own dignity to act. Seward shortly inaugurate the season at the Tacon theatre, i a vi was made aware of the conspiracy eighteen which had been overbauled, remodelled, and put in superior order. Exchanges are quoted as fol- months ago, and after that he made the brutal lows:—London, 17 to 17} per cent premium; New | 0d bloody speech at Rochester, announcing York, 5 to 6 per cent premium; New Orleans, 6 to | the coming of the “irrepressible conflict,” and Said Mr. Marcy, in his instructions of June 12, 1854, to Mr. Buchanan, then Minister in London, “While you will abstain from claiming the surrender of the possession of Belize, under the Clayton and Bulwer treaty, you will resist the pretensions of Great Britain to regard it as a colonial possession with sovereign rights, or to extend it beyond the limits designated in the original grants—the Spanish treaties of 1783 and 1786.” Again, in his 6} per cent premium. Freights are reported firm at last advised rates. The Empire City brought $150,000 in Mexican silver from New Orleans. The Northern Light, from Aspinwai, brings us two days later dates from Central America and the Pacific States. There is no news of consequence. Buch as there is will be found in our corres pondence. We have later advices from Brazil, but there is urging the conspirators on in their treason, and preparing his followers to give them sympathy and aid and comfort. Wilson is defending it now, and endeavoring to thwart the course of justice in the public mind. Greeley palliates the crime, and asks that John Brown’s epitaph shall not be written till the treason has tri- umphed in its aims. Let the Senate take Seward despatch of August 6, 1855, Mr. Marcy said:— “The United States have a right to in- sist, and do insist, that the possessions of the British government at the Belize shall be restricted to the limits and objects specified in the Spanish grant, and that all be- yond those limits, falling within Central Ame- rica, shall be relinquished.” little or no news. The Emperor and Empress | and Wilson, and every other one of the traitors were making a tour of visitation to the north of | in its bosom, in hand, and either impeach them their prosperous empire. Commander Mason, of | or expel them from the chamber. A like course the American corvette John Adams, fired a salute | is incumbent upon the House, and the whole on the gccasion of their departure, and showed | country will expect both bodies to act. If the every honor to the sistingniehed party. The Corse very government itself is to harbor traitors in Sil nigel act eed Hg GS pee bogom, we may soon look for an end of the thanks to the foreign vessels of war for the consi- 3 * A ‘. ney TTS empire our fathers founded, but which their deration and respect shown to their Majesties. é sons will not have known how to preserve. From Paraguay we learn that the Exglivh Con- zi sul at that place had demanded his passports from The preaching of treason has produced its natural fruit, which is its practice. There are the government, and had arrived at Buenos Ayses on the 18th of August, on board the steamer Salto | hundreds of demagogues who have been loud do Guayra. He left Paraguay on the 11th of Au-| in their outpeurings for years; but they have gust, in consequence of a misunderstanding with | pelieved that they knew enough to keep on the President Lopez, on account of the arrest of @} rioht side of the law, and leave the true crime person named Cancer, a British subject, on sus picion of his being the agent of a conspiracy against the President of the Republic. The English Consul left her Majesty’s subjects under the pro- tection of the French Minister. The Excise Commissioners held meetings yester- day and Thursday to grant licenses, but recsived no applications for them, A new series of suits, to the number of 5,000, have been commenced against liquor dealers ‘for selling without license. This makes the whole number of suits against them about 5,000. The Police Commissioners yesterday, in secret session, occupied themselves mainly with amend- ments and modifications to the rules and regala- tions. It was resolved to apply to the Board of Supervisors for an appropriation of $800 to pay for four bundred special policemen on election day (supposed to refer to the November election). The resignation of David Windsor, patrolman, was accepted. The thirty-seventh rule of the depart- ment was annulled, so that policemen may vote at primary elections. Judge Lott yesterday rendered a decision in the case of the Brooklyn Water Works, which in effect gives the contractors their pay and ensures a sup- ply of water to the inhabitants of the city of Brooklyn. ‘There was more steadiness in the cotton market yester- day, though witboat quotable change in prices. The sales embraced about 2,800 bales, part in trapsitu, ou the of quotations given in another column. "lour was 4 supply, and prices for common aud medium were 5c. to 10¢. lower, while good to prime extra brands were steady and prices unchanged. Wheat was steady, with a fuir amount of sales at prices given in another place. Corn was firmly held, and supplies of Western mixed limited The sales embraced Jer- sey yellow a: $1 O1, and white do. at $1; while Western mixed was nominal. Pork was in good de- mand for future delivery, and sales were made, buyer's option, all the year, at $15 25, and at seller's option, do, $1475, Beef ani lard were ‘Sngars were more active, with sales Of 1,600 bhos. Cubs inuecovade at prices given elsewhere. Coffee was quiet but steady. Freights were firm, with light engagements, the supply of vessels being restricted Among the engagements were cotton to Liverpool, part compressed, at 4-10d., cheese by steamer at 405.. and Jard at $0¢ , with some rive to London nt 306., and tobac 0 at 88. 6. An Omen.—It is said that Wiurlow Weed ‘was on board the New World when she met with her disaster the other evening, and in his Paste to ercape left his hat behind him. Is this yoing to be the fale of his Presidential trip’ to such as they term “mad John Brown.” We have already shown in this article how they have been grossly mistaken, and that they come under the law in its strongest sense. The pub- lic mind requires to be freshened as to the crime which so many thousands have been so willing to commit, under the beliet that they were not answerable to their countrymen. The government owes it to the constitution and the Union, to the mighty interests that are perilled in the land, and to itself, to bring the criminals to the bar of an injured country. Let justice be done on all the traitors concerned in Brown’s treason, “however minute or however remote from the scene of action” they may be. Tur Wasninaton Lonsy Locatep rv THE Mr- ‘rRopoiis.—A very unimportant political squab- ble, arising out of the removal of the Postmas- ter at Cincinnati, has thrown some light upon the lobby operations of the notorious spoils- men who make the metropolis their headquar- | ters during ihe recess of Congress. The re- moved official has, or has had, some connection with the Cincinnati Enquirer, which is now edited, nominally, by little Banks, one of the chiefs of the Washington 'obby. So far from editing an paper in Cincinnati, little Banks has been in this city during the last three months, engaged with Forney and others in laying pipe tor the printing of the next Con- gress, which they hope to yet through the votes of the Douglas members of the House. The conductors of our quadrilateral cotemporary, who are in all sorts of schemes, from country banks down to dead men’s bones, have been helping little Banks by iryiug to make a mar- tyr out of the Cincinnati Postmaster, and the affair has given a splendid opportunity for the exercise of the art of lying sweetly—an art in- dispensable to the success of lobby-men. There is still another clique—one of black republi- cans—working for the Clerkship of the House, so that the Forney Banks party may strike a bargain for the printing by throwing in the Chevalier’s chunces tor the Clerkship. It isa very nice party ull around, and .its operaiions afford « beautiful illustration of the great spoils | 83 h, in the opinion of the lobby, un- \¢ eory of our government, and to | promoie which, over and svove all other * tuings, it ie esuried on. Mr. Buchanan did not fail to enforce the views contained in these instructions in an un- answerable manner on the British government. In his elaborate reply to Lord Clarendon, of May 2, 1854, he said:—“Whether the conven- tion embraces the entire isthmus, geographi- cally known as Central America, or the five States formerly composing the republic of that name, in either case the country between the Sarstoon and the Sibun is included in Central America, and is expressly covered by the con- vention. Thisis a geographical fact which it is presumed will not be denied.” ‘Such has been the construction put on the Clayton-Bulwer convention by the government of the United States; such is the just construc- tion of that document; and yet the British government, which is just now lecturing us on international comity, in connection with the San Juan Island affair, goes to work deliberately to give practical effect to its own construction and consummate its own pretensions, through the means of a treaty negotiated surreptitious- ly and in a corner with the State of Guatemala. Leaving the merits of the case aside, and for- getting for the moment that all the Brigish pre- tensions over the country in question are flagrantly fallacious and unfounded, we find the Palmerstonian government, without con- sultation or even the poor courtesy of advice, in an ex parte and underhanded manner, and in a way to suit its own views and purposes, un- dertaking to settle a question of greatest gravity and import, in which the United States is a direct party in interest. So far as the question of the true meaning of the Clayton- Bulwer convention is concerned, it is a matter of no consequence that the territory between Libun and Sarstoon is obtained by treaty with Guatemala. The convention debars both Eng- land und the United States from acquiring ter- ritory in Central America, whether by force or by treaty. It is a perpetual compact between these two great Powers, that neither will ac- quire territory by any means, or exercise do- minion under any pretext, over any part of that country. The ratifications of the treaty as between Guatemala and Great Britain have been ex- changed, and the territory of Belize, as well as that over which pretences were set up beyond ite limits, is under the absolute dominion of the Britieh crown. The Clayton and Bulwer treaty has thus been violated, not in a constructive manm@, as on the Mosquito shore, but directly and positively. It has formally ceased to exist, snd the United States is justified, by treaty with Nicaragna, Costa Rica, Honduras, or any other State, in obtaining rights, privileges, territory, as may suit her interest or pleasure, secretly or open- ly, wher It is not even necessary to go through the form of abrogating the Clayton Bulwer convention; er and whenever sue pleases. Great Britain ignores it, and we have a right to do the same. Honduras ie « cou..try.rich in me tural resources, gold, silver and precious woods. She has, moreover, a fair transit route through her territories, which many good authorities have pronounced to be the best across the Isth- mus. Her government is poor aud weak, and her people anxious for a change in her political relations. No doubt she would annex herself to this country if properly approach- ed, or at least sell us such portions of her territory as we may desire. Let us then negotiate a treaty with her, and obtain an offset against the new British acqui- sition. Nicaragua, too, with her transit and boundless resources, would no doubt be glad to seek refuge from the pestilent race of Com- modores and fil busters under the folds of the American flag, as a sovereign member of this powerful Union. Costa Rica, with her coffee; San Salvador, with her indigo, cotton and sugar, and even Guatemala herself, might be found open to a proper approach. “Some things can be done as well as others,” was the philo- sophic motto of the saltatory Patch, and it is probable that the United States can obtain treaties in Central America quite as liberal, in their territorial provisions and in other re- spects, as England herself. -A good cot- ton and sugar growing State or two in that direction might not prove unprofitable acquisitions. We are apt pupils over here, and the example ef our excellent progenitors will not be lost on us now nor hereafter. His lectures on international comity, however (apropos of the island of San Juan), with the practical itlustration of the same, which this underhanded negotiation with Guatemala af- fords, might, perhaps, be dispensed with. “Preach and prey” seems to be Palmerstonian policy. By all means let Mr. Buchanan try bis hand at a little negotiation in Central America, now that the Clayton-Bulwer conven- tion has been put out of the way by the act of Great Britain herself. Tue Nomtnations FOR THE SENATE AND AS- SEMBLY.—The November elections have, as usual, brought to the surface the scum of the political cauldron. For the Senate and the Assembly the nominations by the various dirty little factions in this region amount to fully a hundred. There is a cogent reason for the eagerness which this fact indicates on the part ofthe different committees and political aspi- rants. There is a vast amount of profitable legislation to be done during the next session, and the Albany lobbyers are laying their plans to make a clean sweep of it. Thurlow Weed, the republican, and Confidence Cassidy, the democrat, have on the slate for legislative con- firmation, during the next six months, various schemes and jobs, amounting to probably little short of six millions of dollars, Amongst others there are the Broadway Railroad, which in itself may be set down at a million and a half; and the commission to lay out Washington Heights, which will cost from three to four hundred thousand dollars more. Agents are sent down by the lobbymen to manage the committees and suggest the nominations, in order that such candidates may be elected as will enable them to carry through their vil- lainous schemes of plunder. There is the less difficulty in doing this, from the fact that an endorsement by one of these committees is merely the condition of an arrangement by which the latter is enabled to levy so much black mail off the candidate. This abominable system, as it will be seen, excludes wherever it prevails every candidate of respectability and principle, as no man of character will stoop to owe his nomination to such influences. Of course all those who have a prospective interest in the schemes of legis- lative plunder laid out for the session find it worth their while to bleed alittle for the sake of securing theirohances. Thus the system works beautifully all round, the nominating commit- tees getting the first slice of the public spoils, the members who have paid for their seats taking the next whack at them, by the sale of their votes, whilst the lion’s share falls to the arch-conspirators who have directed the whole operation. It is after this easy, undemonstra- tive fashion that the rights of the city are legis- lated away and the public taxation increased to an extent thatis mo longer bearable. In view of the general complicity existing be- tween committees, candidates and lobbymen, it would be well if those who are acquaimted with the characters and antecedents of the persons nominated, would forward the facts to us, in order that we may select the good men from the bad, if any good there be, and make up such a ticket as will prove satisfactory to the respectable portion of the community. More Treason Triats AnEap.—The tele- graph informs us that the general government is busily engaged in collecting evidence as to the parties who were acquainted with the trea- sonable intentions of Ossawatomie Brown, who aided and assisted him in his Kansas “work” (as Gerrit Smith calls it), and were thus guilty of treason against the United States. When the first news of the Harper’s Ferry attempt was received here, people were disposed to treat it as the freak of a madman. Nobody sup- posed that men eminent in the- political world could countenance anything-like.en attempt to overturn the government; but later develop- ments go to show the Brown plot had very deep ramifications; that some of the leaders of the Seward party were aware that it had been concocted, and that an attempt would be made to stir up a servile insurrection. That attempt was made, war was levied against the United States upon its own property, and bloodshed ensued. In the first place, it was deemed proper to leave the affair with the au- thorities of Virginia, but now it seems that the federal government will make a full inves- Ugation of the facts, to see how far Seward, Wilson, Sumner, Giddings, Greeley, Gerrit Smith, and others of the same party, are impli- cated; and it is not improbable that some, if not ail of them, will be tried for treason—trea- son more dangerous than that for which Brown was tried. Greeley seems to have been implicated with Brown something after the fashion of his connection with the celebrated thousand dol- lar draft, which he carried in his pocket so long without knowing to whom it velonged. The Tribune justifies Brown’s conduct, and compares him to Washington, and is nearly as warm in his favor as the Anti-Slavery Standard, which “cannot with- hold” its “admiration from the self-devotion and constancy with which they (Brown’s men) ‘met death in their great ond unselfiah attempt.” The same authority views the said attempt as an “encouragement,” and thinks better of the SATURDAY, OCTOBER 29, 1859.—-TRH’LE SHEET. country and the race on account of it. If this is a sample of the black republican opinion on the subject, the sooner the general government takes some strong repressive measures the bet- ter for the peace of the republic, Southern Views of the Late Abolition Affair at Harper's Ferry—What Shall ‘We Dot The late unparalleled abolition conspiracy, with all its astounding ramitications, may well be considered as the prelude to a more serious and comprehensive discussion of the slavery question, especially in the Southern St tes, than any which has marked the various sec- tional agitations of the subject for the last farty years. The two editorial articles which we transfer to this paper—the first from the leading democratic organ of Virginia, and the second from a conspicuous organ of the conservative opposition party of Tennessee—are somewhat significant in this connection, as indicating the probable drift upon this subject of the Southern democracy and the Southern opposition. Our Virginia democratic cotemporary pleads that “non-intervention by the federal govern- ment” in the matter of domestic slavery “is practically abolitionizing Virginia;” that “if the negroes at Harper's Ferry did not rally to the black standard and enlist in the ‘irrepres- sible conflict,’ it was because non-intervention bad already rendered them free;” that thus, in Northern Virginia, “the authority of the master does not exist;” that the negroes of that sec- tion “remain in the State because it suits them to remain,” for that the enforcement of autho- rity or labor there “results in the certain loss of the slave.” On the other hand, it appears “that when this unrestrained liberty becomes insufferable to the white, the negro is converted into money, and ‘hus white labor gradually undermines the institution” of slavery. ‘All this is doubtless true; but what is the remedy proposed? We are told that in “the days of Harper's Ferry émeutes we want the en- forcement of laws, and not their negation,” that “protection of slavery is demanded by the blood of slaughtered citizens;” that ‘the Southern man who dares deny this right is even more criminal than the inmates of the Charlestown jail,” and that this right to federal protection comprehends “protection to slavery in the States and Territories.” This is the remedy ef the Richmond Enquirer, speaking as an organ of Governor Wise and the Southern democratic party. To render this remedy effective, the ways and means must be provided by Congress fora more satisfactory enforce- ment of the Fugitive Slave law in the Northern States, and a special code of laws must be passed by Congress for the protection of slavery in the Territories while they remain in the territorial condition. But it is only ne- cessary tolook at the complexion of the new Congress to see that this protective legislation is out of the question, at least for two years to come, while the peace of the country calls for immediate action. We thus turn from our Richmond democratic scheme of protection. to our Nashville opposi- tion cotemporary. He says that “the folly of the Southern people in their incessant demands for more slavery legislation is exhibited in a strong light,” when we come to trace this ter- rible abolition experiment of Brown back to the Kansas-Nebraska bill; that the South, according- ly, should cease to agitate this question of slave- ry, and that the people have the means in their hands of putting an end to this evil of agitation, “by resolutely refusing to elevate men to po- litical offices who seek to ride into power by incendiary appeals to sectional prejudices.” This is very good, and we must all come to this at last; but the crisis demands something more than the suspension of the slavery agita- tion, and the question still recurs, what can we do that will meet the exigencies of the day? ‘The answer is at hand. Restore the Missouri compromise line. Undo the mischief which was done in 1854, and put us back upon Henry Clay’s substantial peace treaty of 1850. That peace gave such universal satisfaction to the country, that both the democratic party and the old whig party made it their Presidential plat- form in 1852; but as W. H. Seward stood in the way of the whig party, it was borne down and destroyed by the general rally of the people, North and South, to the democratic party. Thus, when poor Pierce entered the White House he was backed by the most pow- erful party, in position and numbers, that ever existed in the United States. Then he might have secured his party in power and the peace of the country for twenty years without a break; but instead of this, in the second year of his administration, we find the democracy tram- pled down by an opposition majority in Con- gress, and beaten and broken to pieces through- out the country. And bow were all these disasters, and the fierce and revolutionary Kansas border ruffian wars, and this five years internal agitation of slavery, culminating in this Harper's Ferry outbreak—how were all these troubles brought about? By that one solitary act—the repeal of the Missouri compromise. That compromise was the Pandora’s box, the opening of which let loose all this train of evils upon the country. Pierce and Dougl:s wanted the votes of the South in the Cincinnati Convention; Jefferson Davis coaxed them on; Caleb Cushing joined the league; Marcy stood aloof, strong enough to stop the movement, but afraid to resist it; Atchison, ruled out of the Senate from Mis- souri, saw a chance to come back to the Senate from Kansas, with the door opened so that Kansas might be made aslave State. The door was opened, Atchison and his pro-slavery Mis- sourians began their work; but as the Kansas- Nebraska bill opened the door to abolitionists as well as to pro-slavery squatters, the anti- slavery legions of the North came pouring in. The results comprehend the blackest and most disgraceful chapter in the history of our popu- lar institutions, and Seward’s ‘irrepressible con- flict’ and “Old Brown” are among these re- enlis, Nor have we any promise of peace with the final settlement of this issue of “popular sove- reignty” in Kansas. On the contrary, a leading republican organ of this city, in its issue of yesterday, assures us that the samme system of operations which, under the Kansas-Nebraska bill, has made Kansas a free State, will make free States of all our remaining Territories, down to Mexico. And whocan doubt that such will be the case, if this repeal of the Mis- souri compromise is permiticd to stand? Southern democratic organs may cry “interven- tion” and “protection;” Southern opposition organs may cry “non-inter jon” and “sj. lence;” but the shortest practical way to the protection of slavery und the cessation of thig “irrepressible conflict” of sectional agitators is the restoration of the Missouri compromise line. Put the two sections back again upon the platform of 1850, and the peace of the country may be again restored. Evvect oF Pouiricat, ExcrreMents on Posto AxusEMENTS—A month ago all the theatres, concerts, operas, and other places of amuse- ment in the metropolis, were doing a splendid business, and the prospects fer a fine winter season never were better, or even 60 good. Just now, however, when everybody isin town, when the weather is exceedingly propitious, the attendance at the theatres diminishes by at least one-half. The Opera is only moderately patronized, the new theatre called the Winter Garden has had a sudden fall from its first flush of suecess; Wallack’s and Laura Keene’s have only fair houses; Drayton's Parlor Opera, & most agreeable entertainment, of whioh everybody speaks highly, works its way slowly, and the only place that is at all crowded is Niblo’s Garden, where two of the strongeat stars, Mr. and Mrs. Barney Williams, are playing an engagement after a protracted absence abroad. This comparative indif- ference on the part of the public is owing in a great mensure to the political ex- citement of the day, produced by the approach- ing State election and the opening of the “irrepressible conflict” at Harper’s Ferry. The State election assumes a more important as- pect every day as new developements, impli- cating leading Seward men in the attempted insurrection, appear. There is also a great deal of local excitement relative to the several eandidates for State, county and municipal offices to be voted for in the metropolis. This political excitement receives a fresh impetus with each batch of intelligence from Virginia, and bids fair to occupy the public mind for some time to c@me, and to the exclusion of all other topics. When such tragedies, with their treasons, stratagems and spoils, are performed in real life, the actors of the mimic world must go to the wall. Tar Next Mayoraury.—Busy and bustling are all the political factions about the Mayoralty, even before the State elec- tion has come off. The leaders of Tamma- ny and Mozart Halls, and the republican party, are higgling and bargaining, select- ing and discussing about candidates; but there is a new power in the field which will change all their plans before the municipal election— that is the Democratic Vigilant Association. This body intends to take vigorous hold of the city election, as we have stated, by selecting from three to five respectable persons for each office to be filled, and if Tammany Hall does not choose to nominate some of them, the Asso- ciation will nominate them itself, put them before the people, and elect them. This may change all the plans and block the manceuvres of the party leaders, “Ov Brown” anp THE Cortes Srecuna- Tors.—One of the most curious disclosures in connection with “Old Brown’s” abolition revo- lution is the alleged complicity of some of the cotton spinners of Boston, with a view to some speculations in the raw material. We all know that the Boston firm of Lawrence, Stone & Co. paid out their money by thousands fora free wool tariff, and that Thurlow Weed, among others, came in for the lobby snacks to the tune of a little check for five thousand. We wonder, then, what would have been the “free wool” fee of Weed for “statistics,” had “Old Brown” succeeded in stirring up a general ser- vile insurrection in the South. In fact, we should not wonder if it were to turn out that Weed, as well as some Boston cotton specula- tors, have had a contingent lobby interest in this Harper’s Ferry enterprise of “Old Brown.” It has been shown that some of our Northera shriekers for freedom have been among the most active and guilty parties concerned in the revival of the African slave trade; and why should we hesitate to believe them capa~ ble of going into this negro insurrection plot with “Old Brown” in the way of a money making adventure in cotton? The best of such “ humanitarians” as these Northern Afri can slave traders, after dabbling in the profita of piracy, are ready for almost anything in the way of a speculation, with any such pious and desperate fanatic as “Old Brown” to do the dangerous part of the work. Forcep Cuxcxs.—The habit of paying checks to unknown persons, on the strength of a pre- tended certificate of the correctness of their endorsation is likely to be checked by the suc- cessful forgeries of Mr. Bonner’s and Mr. Wil- cox’s names on Wednesday last. This whole system of check paying at banks deserves re- view and reform. At presenta stranger in the city cannot, unless he can find some friend who haga bank account, obtain money on a check atany city bank. In «recent case a young woman, a foreigner, arrived here expecting to meet friends, who did not meet her. She had adraft on a leading banking house, and no other money. The banking house gave her a check to order; the bank on which the check was drawn certified it, but respectfully declined to pay it unless she could bring some one to identify her. She had only been few hours in the city, and as to finding anybody in Wall street to identify her, the bank might as. well have asked her to produce the Pope or the Sul- tan. Apparently, but for the kind interference of a benevolent stranger, this young woman might have starved, with several hundred dol- lars to her credit here in a responsible banking house. When tasked with the unfairness of this sys- tem, the bank people have always replied— “Get your endoreation certified by some one whose signature we know, and we will pay the heck.” It never seems to have occurred to these wiseacres that it is as easy to forge a man’s name onthe back as st the foot of a check, and that a forged certificate of an en- dorsation presents no difficulties to a man who has already forged the signature of the drawer. The recent lesson the Neasau and Corn Ex- change banks have met with should lead to the adoption of some system less uafair and less open to frauds thau the present one. Tum Great Event of tHe Day.—The trial of Brown and his confederates at Charlestown, the publication of the documents found on Brown’s person and in his bouse, and finally the expo- sure of the inside secret history of the sboli- tion movement for the last two years, have awakened the most intense interest in all sec- tions of the Union. It would be hard to say whether the South, with ifs whole social or- ganization menaced, or the North, that has pro-