The New York Herald Newspaper, October 25, 1859, Page 3

of forts and fortifications, all apparently strong and ee ince. ‘These he would haya been t carry, one by one, in succession, on to Venice. Tt evrtaiuly was pot an inviting undertaking, especially WY, as is reported, these was a large Prassian army realy te march upon bls Mavk or rear, And 80, very wiaely for Jas cxse, and very opportanely for his fame, he considered ibe victory at Solferino satisfuctory, ant procecded to eousummate the peace of Villafranca, without evea ask Ing perinwesion or advice of England—an indignity whic eaused the English lion togrow!l menacingly, and for which John Bull can bardly pardon the Emperor of Francs. Beyond, after a litte distance, we reached Verona, in a harming region of comntry, delightfully situated in itself vpon an eminence, with tho river Adige near by. The city, the river and the countey combine to form a picture o? surpassing beauty, finely set off by the mountains iu the buck gronod, ‘This was about tho last of our sight-seeing along the wag 48 hight (unfortunately) overtook as, We elept tll peak Venice; awoke in time to observe our railroad leap from the land int the sea for miles from the city. Kept wide awake by tho novelty of navigating the sea by rail, we looked out upon water and islands at first on al! si.les, Dut at length upon the water only; water all arouad us, as far as the eye could reach, and we Pin the midst of it, at night, thunderipg forward in a rail car. The strauge- ness of this experience relieved it of unpleasantness, We were absorbed and excited by the novelty, At 19:50 P. M. we reached this most woaderful of cities, this o!T spring ‘of the sea, delivered up our passports, rushed wn to the grand canal, and were beset b; gondoliers as — and eager to secure us ascabmen in fork. Took an omnibus gondola, aud amid the silence of this ity, Fo diferent from all others, moved along in our float- img omnibus on the Grand Canal, beneath the famous Bridge of the Rialto, blazing with light, up to onr hotel— Grand Vittoria—where. we were glad to alight and com- mit ourselves to sleep and rest. Our Milan Correspondence. Miray, Sept. 10, 1859. Tourneying in the Swiss Valleysx—Quides and Guides’ Anccdotes—Trip Up the Great St. Bernard Mountain— Reception by the Prior of the Hospital Mastery—The Monks, their Appearance and Mode of Life—The Hospice end its Sagacious Doge—Drawing Firewood for the Win- ter—Keeping of the Dead Bonties for Rocngnition—Going to the Simplon Pasi--The Great Rowdof the Hills—ihe Ralian Lakes, dc. After leaving Interlachen our party kept np tho Kan- der creek, en route for the Gemmi. The roa) was plea- gant the entire way, for the first part lying along the bores of the beautiful lake Thun, and then running up ‘he thoroughly Swiss vailey, with its picturesque cottag’s ‘and grocn pastures, in full view of tho Blumlis Alps, with their eternal snows. Our guide had a long story to tell of ‘@his veteran peak—how that many years ago it was cover- @@ with the most fruitful trees and verdant partures, the grass of which was so nourishing and ful! of milky mat- fer that the cattle which fed on its sides were @b' ged to be milked four or five times a day, and ‘that evory blade of grass whic! was bition ef would at once ooze over with the rich substance; and that how, after a long time of this abun- @ance, some break in the machine of the universe caused ‘the bill to assume ite present north pole aspect. He evi- dently strongly believed what he said, and to confirm the ‘twuth, assortod thata pioce of board with these facts carved on it had been thrown off by one of the giaciers on the hill, What was the use of doubting the poor fellow’s tale, er to prove to bim its rashness, and thus deprive bina of ‘the pleasure of repeating it to ail future trayellers who may be accompanied by him over the same rouie? Each ‘Bwiss guide has his stereotyped etory for every point, and te deprive one of them of the feeling that he is telling the ‘wuth—for tell the tale they must—would be qui too un kind. On our way up the Gemmi, just before reaching the top, we encounterest a severe storia of suow and sleet, It was of course not the moat agreeable adventure Ww be met with,even im summer; but to partially recomn- pense us for eur cold bath, we had a round at snow-ball with freshly fallen snow in Augast. The clouds were en Shick upon otr reaching the summit we could hardly s.e ‘@ rod in advance, much less the fine view sail to be yain- ed from this epot. The road or path down into the Valais ia really very wonderful. From near where it commences IRave no doubt but a piumd-line would fali 1,600 or 2,000 goct, and itis ryght in the face of such a rock that the path runs in very short and steep zigzags. Tt id almost entirely » gnilery cut into the solid rocic, and. is carried along a sortof terrace raised on some projections be- tow. Arriving down, we were shortly at the baths of Deuk. These baths may well be called a “ peculiar $nstitution.”? Tho water is quite warm, and is collected in several large vais of dilferent depths, aud there tempered for a particular class of invalids. it is very omus ing to walk around in the sort of gallery running around the bath room, and notice the people clad in thick sort of fiannel, sitting up to their chins in the water, on stools or benches fastened to the bottom, and chatting away, or busy ata game of chequers or chess. This part of the batb- fg is what is m st peculiar, and arises J euppose from the twdionsness of a sit of eight hours daily—the prescribed Dength of a bath—with nothing but conversation to while away the time. The tables holding the games, with often- times a cup of coffee or glass of wine, float around on city of Now From Denk to Martigny was a most uninteresting ride of six hours. Here we again took to our feet, for Chamou nix by the Col de Balme. The view from the top of this pase, if taken on a fine day, is, I bell: ve, notto be equalle! or at least excelled, by any of or pass in Switzerland, Mont Blanc, with its entir: stands directly im one’s front, in full view from vy vw ! m, while awa pack loom up those ever-lingws tug, yt gorgeously grand ‘and beautiful peaks of the Bornes» Oberland. The day ‘we crossed was magnificent, the air #3 cloar as a bell, and the unsullied Yungfrau and sister poaks towered up ‘with a beauty and brilliaucy not uniitly to be compared with the very battlements of heaven itself. The view of the hoary oid giant Mont Blanc cannot be excelled from any other point; bul the beight is tov great to be taken Yor a point from which to get a pood idea of the stupen dousness of that mountain. Atte ing Chamounix, neva and its beautiful lake well, i found myself once again at Martigny, ready for a trip up ihat vory interesting mountain, Great St. Bernard, ‘The pass from the Swise side is long, but not difficult, ‘and presents no very fine scenery compared with many of the other Alpine passes, Until arriving Within a y the hospice its buildings — are by the great bare rocks which little Dbasin-like spot at the sum- mit where the hospitable and large stone buildings stand. Upon arriving at the stops we were politely invit- ed into the great drawing room, where was a faming Jnrge fire ina moderate sized fireplace, (snow was lying ches al! around, out-4 ing out its cheer- In a moment afterw: r of the esta- and at the same time most polite mann dered warm refreshments for us, and ‘was most entertaining. He showed, as well by his qo tions as his answerer, (bat he was a man porsessing u large fund of learning anda very coed acquaintance with the workd generally, a# aiso a de: to become still more fa- mnillar with it,’ ‘This, | think, is different from what most persons imagine, supposing thal wonks give up all” intercourse, and with that’ all desiro. to know of men and their ailairs out of their own professios ‘The “old monks’? here are all young monks—many of them quite go. They usually entor on their duties bere at eighteen or twenty, and after the severity of the climate und ‘heir calling have worn their constitutions nearly out, retire to the valleys or some less exposed similar estab Jisbment. At present the number of monke belonging at the establishment is eloven, ‘Thie number is always fucreased by a fow who are maling temporary stays, either on business or visiting, ‘The drawing room devoted to visiters is large and neat- Wy furnished. “Ite walls aro hung with drawings and en- ‘avings, and its sides and floors furnished with convent Incex—mMostly presenta of travellors who have exporienc- ed the hospitality of the occupants. Among. the finest of these are a fine piano, well enpplied with music; an cle- gant marble fire-place casement and iantel-piece, and several finely bound volumes. ‘The hospice would be very incomplete withont its dogs, At present they numbor eight old dogs and some puppies. is quite true that they have a very intelligent face. ‘Their eye is peculiarly jarge and briliant, in fact quite sharp looking. They look at a stranger with such asidady eye that I was a litle shy of them at first: afterwards, however, some of them became excellent friends. ‘Thirty or forty years ago all the dogs were lost. while ont ‘with the monks aasisting some travellera, and but for a pair being at another establishment tho breed would ha ‘Deen lost. The prior, in answor to a question, said that. the dogs never went off alone in the snow to hunt up travellers in need, but only accompanicd the monks when they were out, and he also said that quite contrary to the popular notion of thoir tifo, they themselves never roamed out to find and assist ‘travellers, but al- way: went upon any intelligence of their be- ing needed being received, and xforded all possible to those who arrived at the Hospice. The cold is £0 intense and perpetual at the Hospice that a large amount of fuel is necessary for their use, and they keep a large numbor of horses who do nothing all summer but trane- wood on their backs from a forest belonging to. the some eight or nine miles down the mountain. Tpaseed a team of nine or ten horses Inden with it. They carry only from six to ten sticks each at a load; so it must keep them pretty busy all summer to got enough to last ‘antil the path is again practicable for horses. It is seldom that the ground around is free from snow four months in a yoar, and it freezes every night the yoar round. ‘A very gad, and at thorame time horriblo sight connect- ei with this place, is the Morgue, or where ‘the dead travellers who are found are pnt. Most of the bo- dics when found have been stiffly frozen, and aro put iu this building in tho samo posture in which they perished: ‘thence you see them in all positions. Some are standing the wall, others Jeaning on one side, stil? others or lying in the most attitudes and exhi- ‘biting the most horrid o: ‘Tho clothes of many atill cling to them in shreds after many years. A heap of ‘sknils and. bones in the centre of the room aro the remains ‘of thoso whom the pure mountain air has failed to dry up or wither like it bas their follow sufferora, or aro the ‘ces found after the shows of winter aro gone. The last y unclaimed and left in this place was placed here about threo years ago. Tho cold, pure air passes freely ‘through the open but grated windows of the building, and fo pure and drying ie it that not tho least unpleasant smell feexperionced, [tis a melancholy eight, and he who ence seen the Morts ot end great St. Bernard apion will long remember ‘te wight, Bnareng to Martigny at the end of two days, I took the compello. | | diligence up the Rhono valley to Brieg, at. the foot of the Simplon Pass. I think a more uninteresting valley than that of the Rhone, from its month to Brieg at least, is not to be found in Switzerland. Tho country is almost en- tirely marshy, or 80 rough and barren as t be a real vye- fore after those mauy other verdant meadows of must Swiss lowlands, The following day I crossed the wontlerful Simplon to Domo d’Ossola, This great and deserving road has roveiv- ed the extollings of travellers of all nations. Tt is a noble Monument to its great bullder—more fitting than any statue by the most accomplished artist. It is sai? that tho construction of a road over the Simplon was determined upon by Napoleon immediately after the battle of Marengo and his own remarkable passages of tho Great St, Bernard. It took six years to complete it, and at times employed more than 30,000 men at once. More than six hindrod bridges have been found necessary to its perfect complog tion, while constructions of massive masonry, forming huge terraces, run along the face of rocks for distance perhaps milesin length. Ten immense galleries, vither eut through the solid rock, or built of onormous snes, ond twenty houres of refuge, to shelter people pacsing, or the laborers on the road, ald greatly to its completennss. A great writer has said that the ‘ peculiar charactor” of the Simplon ‘is to be the greatest of all those monn- monts that at once dazzle the imagination by their splen- dor, and are subseryjent to general convenience,” Tf original coat was about $30,600 a mile, but the aume; and extensive depredations cauged on it nearly ev: year, by avalanches and storms, have increased tts cost very’ materially. ‘The scenery along it |s for the mort partextremely floc. doubt vory strongly whether tho famous, Via Mala, of the Sp!ugen road, surpasses the wild and terribly grand gorge of Gondo. As I came along I noticed some small but very effective — forti- fications near the reat Gallery of Gondo, They had evidently deca very recently con- Italian war. structed, probably on account of the ‘Small as they were, they would give their possassors—the bates cca command of the passfrom th: Itallan side. After thoroughly visiting the many and often decribed beauties of the Ttalian lakes—Maggiore, Lagano and Como— Tcame to this city. Nothing I saw along these lakes pleased me so much as that anomaly, Iso\a Bella, in Lake Maggiore. Everybody is aware that it once was’ barren -ock, and now, after its soil has all been transported to it from the shore, a long distance away, supports its lemon and orange groves, and every variety of tropical fruit and flowers, in full sight of the eternal snows of the neighboring Alps. It seems that doctors will disagree on all subjects. ‘This beautiful little island has called forth a shower of opinions from both great and small men, quite as widely at variance as ils own barren aspect ofa couple of hundred years ago was to its present rich beauty and tuxuriance. One calis it a ‘‘magic crea- tion of labor and tagte—a fairy land, which mightserve a8 a model for the gardens of Calypso;” another at seving it ia #truck with the idea of “a huge perigored pie, stuck around with the heads of woodcocks and partridges;”” while yet another has gaid it is “like an old court lady in silka, faces, diamonds, hooped petticoats and white satin shoes, by some mischance squatting down all aloue upon a rock in the mids! of a highland loch.”? Our Florence Correspondence.. . Frorxnce, Sept. 24, 1859. A Vist to the Field of Magenta—Trade in War Relics— ‘The Trees Green and People at Work—Effects of The Horrible Affray—the Graves and Crosses—Repairing Damages—Going to Solferino—Mark of Austrian Re- treat—Going to the City—Knthusiasm for Garibaldi— He Is Not Bound--Koyal Congresses, dc. Before taking a final leave of Milan I paid a visit of a few hours to the late battle flold of Magenta. Leaving by the carly train, my friend and self were an lour later on the station platform at Magenta, bargaining with a parcel of ragged boys and girls for bullets, brass eagles and yarious otber warlike trinkets they had picked up from the battle ground, After purchasing a handful &c., We prococted to look about us a little. AB rus acasual observer could distinguish, the aspect of e Rpot so jately the seeno of a terrible battle, and the aver of 60 many brave men, did not essentially differ from the country adjoining. Iimagine that cétld a man totally ignorant of date events in that region be taken through the locality of the fight, he would scarcely be at- tracted te any eepecial sight denoting the sanguinary event , unless it might be to inquire what could have de- molished 2 wall here, or laid open the side of @ house a little farther on. The trees, excepting here and there a branch, look just as green, and the people in their fields at work lock just the same as though nothing had oc- curred to disturb the harmony of the community. It was very wonderful lo me how @ battle of so great extent and so destructive to human life could place and leave so few permanent general marks of its occurrence; and in fear lest the guide did not under- «i my liinited stock of Italian, J continued repeating the word battle field and the question where it was; he would wave his hand around over a fieldof growing vines and mulberry trees that looked quite undistarbed if not care- fully viewed, and then point toa huge grave, which told the plain and not to to be concealed truth. He bogan at length to see our wants, and to show us traces, which wo probably, in our expectation of reeing a general devasta- tion, would have passed quite unobserved. ‘Then we began to understand how to catch the traces, and soon found enough to engage our thoughts and eyes to the fullest, in the torn asunder vines, the frequently barked trees, with occasional drooping withered branches, smoothly trodden ground, thickly strown fragments of knapsacks and hate, and very many—alas! how often— freshly made mounds of carth, marked sometimes by a » cross, constructed of slight broken tree branches, but more often by not even that, with nothing to tell their name, theincouutry, or their numbers. Arriving at the bridge over Buflulora creek, we found marks which will last as long as the bridge stands, in the battered brick- work forming the abutments. After spending two or three hours in various parts of the field we returned to the town, and discovered many traces which had escaped us at first, and which aro plain enough, if low laid stone walls and Bullet riddled buildings ean be called such. One large stone dwelling house, but.a few rods from the station , must have been the scene of very hard fighting. It south and west sides were compictely shivered to pivees; any great gaps made by cannon. bails and thousands of cfective indentations by smaller balls told the wale of won contest. rpenters were busy at work, and which it bears will be removed and covered up. sinall railroad office near the station, which was quit molist rebuilt, and workmen were eng in plastering and fitting up the interior. The railroad track 1 been entirely relatd, and ere long all of the few traces aining at. this time will be concealed, From Magenta we returned to Milan, and after a few hours stay took the train for Desenzano, which was the farthest station to ich the menved portion of tho dostroyed track by the Austrians had yet been finished, 2 party of English From this place, in company with and Americana, we took a carriage t Soiferino, and so around to era, where the railroad again com- menced. Arriving at Solforino, we found much the same state of affure, and went through mech the same — process of bargaining for bulitts and the like that we did at Magonta. Although the battle here was considerably later, the traces were searcely so satisfactory, or et Jeast not more so at any ‘one point, than at Magenta, Accompanied by an old man, who seemed very familiar aud correct in pointing tocalitics, as a guide, and with maps and descriptions of the Dattle’ Geld numbering le- gion, we ascended the lately familiar heights of Solferino to the oft-mentioned town. Once up, we had the whole extent of the battle ground, from tho towers of Mantua in the distance to Cavriano and the village of Solferino near, with lozzolengo and San Martino on our left, laid out finely before us. Here we traced the ground over on our ape many times, and after locating the principal posi- tions of the armios, the respective positions of the Em- perors, &c., we started to examine the ground near us a little inutely. The samo appearances of smoothly trampled ground, knocked over and battered walls which marked Magenta, were hero to be scen. The high and tolerably strong wall enclosing the cemvtery bore the Most marked evidences of the battle that were to be found at Solterino. This had been used by the Austrians as a strong defonce, and holes had at first been made by them to shoot through at tho ascending and rapidly approaching foe, but were shortly outnumbered by tho breaks produged by the French cannga and the attacking soldiers, wnfll it Was, as it now pon. all traces The fuows, riddied almost as thorough a sieve. The large breach or round hole, about {a small > made by the affrighted and b istriang to escape through, and the high wall, serving race, om which they w it throu a vine ter obliged to leap upon their h the breach, wore all easily distingnished; broken vines and mulberry tree branches {at once be recognized the numbers and dis who here were flecing. Here, too, those monuments of fifty or sixty thousand slain mon Were prominent objects in one's path, Occasionally one would be found marked by a rade cross of two slight pieces of board, with the namo of one of the poor unfor- tuuates lying beneath, put on im rude letters, by some surviving friend probably. Thore, too, the fragments of garments lying about in eatest profusion everywhere where opposition was led very fensibly to the feeling of sadness inzepa- rable from a visit to such a sanguinary fold as was Solfe- rino on the recent date of the 2ith of last June. As un- satisfactory a3 the conditions of the late pence may be to many, hardiy think any one, after a visit to nta nd Boiforino, conkd wich that 2’ state of aflairs productive of such scenes should be continued except for the most imperative reasons, and not for an ‘‘idea,”” which it seems by late declarations was what Franco mado war for. ‘The position that tho Austrians held at tho commonco- ment of the contlict bag justly bagn described os one of great natural strength, That thoy relied too much on the natural strongth of the heights at Solferino, and hence loft a comparatively Inadequate force to tit, Is not to ‘be go much wondered at, even though the error was com- mitted by men who had made the position their study for fa baile held for years. As wo neared Peschiora the of the forts was cut dow), 80 a8 not to serve for a defence to any attacking foro. ‘Fresh earth fortifications com- pleted, and others with many laborers at work at pre- gent, running out from old fortifications or forming new and distinct ones, were to be seen. From here wo proceeded on with nothing worthy of noto to the “City of the Isles, of the L a? there to lay off on our oars and ailent watery streets, its snake-like gondolas, its Rialto and Rridge of Sighs, under (the; influonce of a clear Sep- tember sky nnd silvery eastern moon. It seemod thero to be the general Impression, ond I have seen it since con. firmed, that some high membor of the royal family was about to make Venice bis permanent residence. By many this was looked upon favorably, both as regards giving Increased activity to business, always attendant on royal ty, and the granting of liberal concessions to be adminta- tered under the eye of the throne itself. From Venice wo returned as far as Padua, and there took the diligence for Ferrara. Arriving at Po enro, the frontier town between Venetia and the 9 tins whil) wafting at the guard house for the Anat (01 0 man(anvs viva to our parsports, the soldiers tol it rifle stories about what we should encounter as the Po was crossed and wo got amon buldi’s men. They evidently feared him ver and a story was told by one thy ¢ the elect that a detachment of his troops creat and invulnerable shields, which proce { tour Yodies from all bullets, wore directly across froin whe we were, Trespocted the fellow’s story, Dut tvs nit especially frightened. It is quite enough to say tt troopa with ‘invulnerable sjelds” wore met. however did moet severe) deta®hments before mr Pologna. They were probably on their way to moet Gart bald: with the main army, east of Bologna, or perhaps & cecupy the frontier bordering on Venetia. Garibalii 1 now reported to be at or near Rimini, with » largo force prepared to mect any force sent out by the Pope trom Ancona, whore it is said alarge Popish forces, of dis charged Swiss from Naples, and all others they ev enlist, is being collected. It seems to me iaprobable the the Pope should attempt force, at least until it b comes little better known what the action of the great Power is to be in the affair, All along our route, from the timo of entering the Tage tions to this city, the ‘road bas been lined with Sardinian flags from nearly every house, public office or chureh, Placards are “postal on every corner bearing Long. tive Victor Emanuel JI., our chosen King.” “We will have Victor Emanuel UJ. for our King;”” and many others of like import, I wish that, instead of ‘aying 80 great deference to the power of tho great Powers to revise his acts, Victor Emanucl wonld eittier take upon, or refuse to take upon himself, the goverameut of those States requesting it. They are bleeding to death by this long uncertainty, in maintaining s large army on a War footing. Ihave no doubt but that eventually there will be serious fighting. If the Powers refzse to reinstate the dokes, they will, without doubt, attompt through their great wealth todo it alone; and it Europe attempts to force them back on the people, then surely Mere will be fighting. Garibaldi and his supporters are not bound by the action of Burope, and they in advance have sworn ty defend themselves against a restoration of the deposed dukes, What is to come out of this state of affairs seoms hard to be foretold. I think it is becoming pretty generally the opinion that the Zurich Conference is unequal to ite ‘ask, and that a different plan for regulating the disputed points must soon be adopted. Our St. Petersburg Correspondence. Sr. Perersnura, Sept. 24, 1869. The Imperial Birthday Fetes—Grand. Programme and Fine Weather—Orowds of People ana Plenty of Diptomatiats— The Great Notabilities Present—The Crar Enters the Church—Clergy Present—Swearing the Cesarevitch—Hlu- ‘minations—Expecting Schamyl—2he Orar Gone to Mos- cow— Diplomatic Alliance with Prussia— Effect of the War News from China—Reply to British Newspaper Chazyges. ‘The coming of age of the Grand Duke Cesarevitch was celebrated on Tuesday, the 20th instant, with all the pomp and circumstance which our Court is accustomed to dis- play on such festive occasions, and which dorive thoir origin from the traditions of the ancient Byzantine em- pire. The programme of the ceremonial had been published some days before, and coincided in every particular with that observed at the majority of the present Emperor, just twenty-five years ago. The fele was favored by the most splendid weather, which is quite a rarity in this climate so late in the season, and was the more welcome, aa early in the month it had become cold and autumnal, and we had even had a considerable fall of snow. With the first dawn of morning a dense crowd of specta- tors began to line the streets leading to the winter palace, who waited patiently till eleven o’clock, when the regi- ments of the guard were advancing elowly to take up their stations in the vicinity of the imperial abode. Towards noon the great dignitaries of State and the diplo- matic corps made their appearance in their gala equi- pages, amongst which were to be noticed the carriages of Princes Menschikoff and Gortschakoff, of the French and Spanish ambassadors, and of Colonel Reille, aide-de- camp to the Emperor Napoleon, who bad been sent hero by his master to present the grand cordon of the Legion of honor to the Cesarevitch. ‘At the appointed timo the Fimperor teft tho palace, at tended by his sons and brothers and several foreign princes, and surrounded by a brilliant retinue of genorals and officers, He was received with deafening acclamations, and after having reviewed the troops, who were drawn up in an interminable _ file, proceeded with his whole suite to the imperial chapel, where the ceremony of the young Grand Duke's swearing fidelity (0 the Sovereign and to the laws of the empire was to take place, To this sanctum only the élite of society were admitted—tho representatives of the clergy, including the Roman Catholic Archbishop and the Protestant Bishop, the members of the council of the empire, the senate, the ministers, the foreign diplomats, the superior officers of the urmy and navy, aud dopu. tations of the nobility, the cities, and the vassal nations of Asia, of which the recently subdued Kirgherz from lake Aral and the Chinese portion (Transilensia), made their first appearance on this occasion. At the moment when the oath was administered to the Cesarevitch, a discharge of three hundred and one guns from the citadel announced the tact to the assembled mut tutude, whore shouts re-echoed the thunders of the can- non, and these expressions of loyalty were redoubled when the Emperor, his youthful heir and the whole Im- perial family, again'emerged from the palace, where they had been receiving the congratulations of the Court, and drove throngh the principal streets of the city, which by this time (for it was now evening) were brilliantly illn- minated. The public and priv buildings of our capi tal, which are distinguished for their enormons size, shone radiantiy in a flood of light, and the beautiful quay4 of the Neva presente! a magic spectacle, as their many- colored lurans were reflected In the waves of the river, over which they threw long streams of fire. Some of our grandees, such as Princess Kotchoubey, Count Shereme- treff, Count Show ff, and the Armenian millionaire, Ruadzé, are said to have spent fabulous sums for the decoration of their mansions, and Go lot, an enterprising Frenchman, who came from Paris on purpose, with fliuminating apparatus and devices of the newest and most approve ast rue tion, musthave made a good thing of it, although all patri- otic Russians are unanimous in aflirming that his efforts were more than eq d by those of the native artists. fortunately the festivities did not pass olf without some cidents, attended with tho of two huinan lives; in old man wae squeezed to death in the crowd, and the railing of a bridge on the Nevsky Prospect giving the pressure, thirty or forty persons were. pro nal, a f them, afi was dra » The p ith great order and deo on the m, avd none of those d which are after sh inseparable from our popular festiva is rumored that the solemnity Th: the great Imaum was not forthe expectation of his arrival he has been taken the small town of Tchugooye he will remain antil he is e1 -enme his journey. In the meantime, his portrait, and that of his conqueror Bairatinsky, are in all the shop windows. The old palace of Tansider, tho foriner residegee of Po- enkin, has been putin readiness for his reception, and d with all the honors duo to a captive led reportef the sssanit of his mountain fortress, Ghoonib, is_ pul vhkaz, which shows that the old chief did not yield til! after the most obstinate resistance, and ‘after repouted refusals to surrender by capitulation, Of the four hundred Murids who formed the garrison of that stronghold, which ia perched on the brow of an almost in accessible precipice, only forty-seven re taken prigoners—the rest fell bravel, nghting to the last extremity. ‘Tho casualties on Our , $00, wore pretty heavy, amounting to twenty-one killed and about one hundred and sixty wounded, and it is only owing to the truly admirable strategical combinations of Trineo Barjatinsky that they were not stil more severe. The neo’s services have been rewarded by a highly flatter ing autograph letter of the Emperor's, accompanied by the insignia of the order of St. Andre’ The Emperor left our capital sterday morning for Moscow, from whence he will proceed to Kieffana Warsaw, where it is thought he will bave an interview with his un glo, the Print® Regent of Prussia. There is no doubt that the most cordial relations have been established between our Court and that of Berlin, and if the European Congress, which bas been so long talked of, but which bas met with 20 many obetables, should at length be concluded upon, wo may expect to sco Russia and Prussia pur- sue the same line of polic reference to the various quostions submitted to ite With Austeia, y, Wo are stilion terms of most decided ince the dismissal of Count Buol the to bring about a reconciliation. Negotiations to that effect have been going on through the medium of Baron Suloch, ambassador of Saxony at Paris, and son-in-Jaw of our late minister of forcign alfaire, Count Nessetrode, who arrived here recently for the ostensible par pose of con- gratulating the Ceenrevitch on tho attainment of his m: jority; bat the general impression is that he Das co pletely failed in his endeavors. The Emperor lias a pre Gilection, very natural in crowned heads, for the cause of logiimato monarchy, and would bo quite willing to jend his influence to the reinstalment of the Ttalian sovereigns in their — possessions, if it could be done by pacific meons, and with the congent of the population, buthe will certainly object to compulsory mneaznres, which woult confirm the power of Austria in the Peninsula and obliterate the me- mory of tho lesson she has roceived during tho lato war. This whispered that Prince Gortechakoll favors the rection of an independent State, composed of the duchies of Tus- cany, Parma and Modena, and thinks the Duke of Louch- tenberg stands a fair chance of being elocted to the throne of the new kingdom, 1 can hardly believe, however, that so experienced a statesman as the Prince should be blind to the insuperable difficulties such a project would have to encounter. The Duke of Leuchtenburg woult never be considered in any other light than in that of a Rossian viceroy, and if even the Emperor Napoleon, who. ie related to hiin through the Beaubarnois family, should consent to hin , thero is not the slightest chance ee citiee, England or Austria could be induced to The accounts of the repulse of the th at the Petho have created a great sensation in our political circles, aud fears are expressed that it will lead to freeh complications in Eastern Asia. People are not sorry to sve British ar- rogance humbled by the despised Celestials, but on the other hand it reems likely that the latter, olated with their victory over the barbarians, up cou wo oppose the progress of their ‘Northern neighbors, in - chooria, of whieh they have hitherto .remaimed passive apectators. The insinuations of the English journals re- specting the alleged co-operation of Russian auxiliaries in the defence of the Peiho forts are Indignantly contra- dicted by tho Journal de 8. Petersburg and the Invalide, and only shew how little the real etate of things Is | understood ‘Western Kurope. Intelligence is anxionsty expected fr r Count Mouravief? Amouriaky, dertaken a ¢xpedition to Japan and the Pechell, from whence by world probably make an oxcursion to Pekin, for which he is already kaid w have obtained @ perinit, and whe: bi ciplomatic tact and the respect with which he has succeed in inspiring the Orlestials may, perhaps, enadlo bin act with effect in the capacity of mediator between Chin and the Ruropean Powers, EMANCIPATION IN RUSKIA—SPEECH OF THE OZAR. ‘When the deputation of the nobles of Russia, who lately arrived at St. Petersburg to discuss the first part of the proposed law for the emancipation of the serfs waited on the by nie ‘At Tsarskoe-Selo, on the 28th ultimo, his Ma- Jesty addressed them as follows:— Grwriemrx—T am most happy to to uraintin & work whieh interests myarit of whieh on desire he suecesa ag inch aT do. She future Unit AGB ODS 1 aM Cer tase mb ony babs A noble, ‘who have ever deen devoted to the theron vealow ly second me T considered my setf as the irs! the empire when T was yet heir apparent title. Tam prond of it stil, and T 2ontinue to lone ipeen my fs torming partot your class, Ihave unde tal niire confidence in yo na O90 ummoned you hers, To eulighte ‘ Lave bad instructions drawn up, whish have, be cated to you, They have been misunderstood. Thope that 1! misunderstandl: gs have now disappeared. Thave raga sour etter which was presented tome hy Inkov Tvanoviteh Restovizo®) My answer bas already been communica you, without doubt. You may rely upon it that your oplalons will come to my knowle ge. Those of your opinions wh ¢olcide with that of the commission will euter inte the regain tlon drawn up by It; allthe others, even those whieh may net agree with its opinion, will be presented to the central comm): tre, and Inid betore me. Yam weit aware and you re anu yourgeives, gentiemen, that thie work enact be lished without sacrifices, but T wish those sucvilices v» possibie. Twill end i 1 Jens than you, and p eommn” rely on your assistance fa the firm hope thit my confidence in you, no! only by words, but by deeds, ‘adie. gentlemen, The San Juan Difficulty. EFFECT OF GEN. SCOTT'S MIBSION IN ENGLAN [From the London News, det. 5.) ‘The government of the United States shows how much importance it attaches to the firm and prudent ina ment of the difficulties which one of its officers has r1 at San Juan by sending the first soldier of the repub! the spot. General Seott, who has before this supersede the impetuous Harney, 1 a man whose reputation. stat in no need of theatrical coups. He is no senti ry ‘but hae been trained in the school of warfare and in th responsibilities of high command to respect tho great inte- reste of civilization, and to look to the consequences of pub- lic acts. The intment of this distinguished officer must be flattering to the people of Oregon, who may fairly indulge the reflection that nothing short of the folly of their iead- ers could have induced the veteran to undertake in haste the long journey to the Pacific. At the same time the Genoral’s mission is a foken. of the right fe-ling of the Wash Cabinet towards this country. After bis arr val we shall hear po more of the ostentation of throw! up earthworks, and planting useless cannon, and calling for volunteers. Pending his arrival, General Harney has received orders to bo more circumspect in his cond.c:, and the instructions of the President to General Scott arc, it is said, of the most conciliatory character. Now that the Washington Cabinet has eo far done all that lay in its power to neutralize the effect of the heedlessness of one of its agents, it is to be hoped that the question may be taken id by the hepa idee in an amicablespirit, and speedily settled. This is peculiarly a matter for diple- matista, Absolute and peremptory assertions in the jour- nals, followed by appeals to national sentiment, are on this Together construction of the occarion al prout of place. The and , ae th A boundary , were i Uecality. They declared that the boundary should be the “channel,” and knew not that there were two navigable which might properly be so described. Tho looseness of the lege # had ine the two governments in a diffienlty before Genoral Harnoy executed his sense- jess movement. Hig armed occupation of the coast of San Juan has immensely aggravated that difficulty. We arc much more inclined to believe, with our New York cor- respondent, that the island is’ not worth sixty rounds of ammunition,” than that it is, as we have been told, a poseession without which our American gold colony would be worthless. But General Harney has made it impos sible for us to estimate the value of San Juan by a merely economica! standard. ‘Thore is no spot in this empire which would not become unspeakably precious from the moment that we were called to surrender it to force, in disregard of law and right. This is the kind of value San Juan has just now in the eyes of Englishmen. ‘The days are gone by when this nation would consent te be led headlong into a war, blinded by an unmixed seoti- ment of meraceye fi but in to the increased Tespect we pay to the which we are disposed to deiond our own. * The armed occupation of San Juan has taken place tn defiance not { but of express etipulation, for it was for- | only of right maily agreed thet neither party shouk, take bodily possee sion of the island until the decisionso? the Commissioners was known. Our New York correspondent, whose in tercourse with American society is extensive, and in whose jldgment we place unbounded conti writes to us:—“There i an immense class in Amorten af honest upright men, who love justice better than territory, and who never ‘make their. voices honrd in politios except i great crises, but always exercise at such times an ove whelming influence; and there is nobody in Tondon who approciates an honest, straightforward ond peuce- loving course on the part of Great Britain more than this portion of (he American pe always be relied on to sustain her it i nals, this class ines parly gin numbers and init. first duties of the Engliel: journalist to make the voice this class heard iu this country, amidst th by the organs of “rowdies” and ‘pl easily gain audience here. But. th that Fugland eaanet bealwa an sacriice the interests of tose she is bound to protect in or. politics in the republic. As they value ¢ the interests which hatig on the preservatio English speaking empiri i r they may not anism wo “far when to men who. will ran r i being the dregs of the m that their King sacri abroad whom the they abandon’ their inte the’ risk of plunging thought smart and We learn with very ye pasivg in nom! jad to learn that their activ the same proportion. {From the Manchester Guardian, Oct. 6.1 It will be a pity if all this for preeantionary step which the Ame ken, sh less un Union should escape hearing from firm remonstrance against the the elements of international strif entation of this kin present cont will, we doubt a ingt(m thai the Apart from that qu decent politeness—and hind, ind Marcy a5 a pi t to be Snir} fore either party should attemp force; and the pretence that American 2u sted on the icland, 96 if we wer Jegal and equi dealing no pledge except by fores, is simply an xgéravation of the or, offence. “To the lawless insolen: i General Ha has pow, we the further cutrage of bringin tho disputed territory after his session of it had been formali, course ne bene motive can that of displaying importanc ean gommander, before the controlling power pira) govern. Ment could be bronght into pi auen ho Mast be perfectly well aware thut he would be as little able to hold the islaud with five bund men as with ffiy if the representatives of Great Britain on the spot think proper to employ against bim the u ‘Until we receive «a confirmat has been done with impunit attendant cireumstances, we as to the conduct of the Bug! wanton audacity to pass unc! avoiding the serious conse likely to ensue from an Palmerston govérnment will fee! of public opinion in insisting that General 1: course of proceeding, from first to last, « and condemned by his supei (From the London Ds (here is good reason to bc ich were created by the su oy in the Island of San Juan wil ‘The language held by the United States t towards this country is’ fair and hone from apy desire to raige obstacles in the way of” 4 ment of the points in eral Scott, we aro form the arrangeients tione Yy Marey in 1855, which haye been often refered to, and according to which neither pariy to elaim exclusive rights in the disputed territ while the question of territorial severc remains un decided. There is no doubt that the general moduratior and temperance of the press of both countries—all e conspicuous for a few exceptions—has faeilit this desirable result. Nothing w h been easier, and fow things would have been more wicked, than to s this delicate question in a wanner which would have aroused passions and jealousies only to ke quenched in blood, I we are correctly informed, there is also a good pros pect of a peaceful solution of another question in which our interests are covcerned, although we are not prine! pals in the contest, Tho government of Mi o, it is said. js disposed to concede what dema 1 by Spai a result to which the exertions of Lord John Russell have eatly contributed. In the same friendly spirit the noble roreign Secretary is exercising the influence of England to pregerve peace in the Plate river, without, however, in- tending to cemmit this country to active interference de- tween the Argentine Confederation and Ruonos Ayres, should warlike counsels prevail. of the agland « strong and matic trifling with The necessity for a tion it was the ¢ d, Deen of obyie of the Am i provoking a collision, the Interesting from Italy. PROSPECTS OF A FRANCO-SARDINIAN THRONE —ONION OF TUR8CANY AND PIRDMONT—AUSTRIA’S REPLY TO LORD JOHN RUSSRLL—NEWS OF GARIRALDI'S ‘TOUR—TRE CHURCH AND THE REFORMERS. A Varis letter in the Nordsays:—A Belgian journal has pretended that the Princess Clotilde was likely to be called to the throne of Firuria, and that Prince Napoleon would e«tand in the position of Prince Consort. Putting aside altogether the denial given by the Emporor Ni Jeon to such reports, it is astonisi that Soacbales can imagine such an absurdity. When the de- taili this "abe projec wan thcatioued, tthe Faces Gothilde, she expressed her wonder that any ch writer could be #o little acquainted with the laws of Frauce as not to know that they did not admit for a hns- band, even if be had the rank and title of a prince, such a condition of relative inferiority. In fact, the’ prin- ciple of the Salic law prevails throughout all the French Jegislation, and the Princess Clothilde, when she became the wife ‘of Prince Napoleon, became French, conse: quently she eould not occupy a position which that legiala- tion docs not allow women te seoumne. A Tarin letter ays:—An interview bas ‘taken place bo- tween the Dictator Farini and Reron Ricasoli, head of the Tuscan government, at Viligara, on the frontiers of Ro. who had an- | neo you. Thaveealied yon | rights of ot ers is the tenacity with H ‘aud they may ‘And_in spite of the daily assertions to the contrary made in Fuglish jour- » We fully believe it, and hold itto be one of the | f ners raised which too 2 > NEW YORK HERALD, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1859.—TRIPLE SHEET. magna and Tuscany. The objectof this interview was to | determine in concert what measures were best calculated to make the union with Piedmont a fait accomplé an toon | a8 possible, It wos decided that the four provinces should leet regent to govern them all, in the name of Victor | Fmavuel. Thave even heard the name of the future re- | gent, but do not think proper to mention i, ‘or easons | 200 Wilt readily understand. | AUSTRIAN OPINION ON UNIVER8AL SUFFRAGE IN ITALY. The Ost Deutsche Post. of Vieuna, of the ult., in an | article on Lord John Russell's speech, says—f + rl seary to ray that Ansiria accords no loyal value to the , pretended votes of the populations of Ceutral aly. Aus- | tia reprecents ja th on legitimate 1 doing so is for the advantage of all existing governments, whether monarchical or republican. If auch events as those | Which have taken place by violence in Central aly could overthrow ancient rights of eovereignty and r. ah Bew on wy truth, no government, whether monar- pubiican, would be safe, As regards ¢ ue that the imperial throne is based if ts impositte that the possessor u'erpret universal suffrage 1 such @ inanner Sf & infinite changes of sovereignty can take plc sto the changes in opinion and in parties whic | usurp power ata given moment. Moreover, the Emperor | of the French must have beeu able tw couviuce himself by the reports of Count Reset and Prince Poniawws: that the resolutions of the pretended —asserbti | of Florence, Modena, Parma and Bologna, express in no | .expect the Will of a majority of the populations, but ur oly the dictatorial and terrorist wets of parties corrupt ed by Fiedmontese gold and promiaes. It is curious to koow how Lord Jobu Rurseil will put in accord hia last dee aration with his circular on the same subject to the diplomatic agenta of England. In that ercular Lord Joby established the subtle distinction that wdepondent nations have the right to decide their destinies themselves, bat that dependent nations bave not that rigit. Lord John Kessel thus saved the domination of England in Ireland, awl the protectorate which. in spite “of the pojrilations, she exercises over the Ionian Islands, One way conceive that ly this doctrine to tHe Duchies; but how can it to the Legations ? GENEKAL GARIBALDI'S. TOUR IN ITALY-—HI8 MOURN- FUL BUT PROUD REMEMBRANCES, [Bologna (Sept. 30) correspondence of the London Times. } Geveral Garibaldi has just come back from the Cato ca, where he had gone to inspect the troops. Whilet at Ravenna the General made an excursion through the famous forest of the Pineta, amongst whore shrubs and ancient trees he had she'tered himseit and his unhappy wife, when after the fall of Rome he was hunted by the Austrians. You will no doubt remember how, ever since the times of Honorius, ‘tbe alluvial deporits of the Po have accumulaied on the tof Ravenna, how the port of Angustus has been gradually flied wp, ana the forest of pines which ones supplied the Homan fleet with timber haa spread farther, until it has usurped tho site where at tleet formerty rode at an- chor, ant has stretched along the shore to a considerabie distance from the city. No forest i# more renowned for classical and poctien associations it bas been alluded to by Dante, Boor , Dryden and Byron, avd one part of it alil! retains tho name ‘of the Vicolo dei Poeti, irom the tradition that it is the spot where the author of the “Inferno” loved to meditate, Indeed, at Ravenna he died, and was buried. ‘Not far from that,aliey, which slopes down towarde the Sea, on a scorching summer day, in 1849, the brave de- fender of Rome, who had failed in an attempt to sail to Venice, sadly curried to ite last resting place the body of his dying wife. he had followed Garibaldi in his voyage, and she been wrecked with him on the shores of that tideless sea. On the eve of rendering bim the father of a child, the poor woman went through all the hard- ships of that stormy voyage without 4 murmur. She had, however, scarcely walked half a milo throng the thick forest, when she fell w the id, ox- hausted and hearthroken, The husband loaded bis shoulders with that beloved burden; but when he arrived at Mandriole, his wife lived no more; aud entering the hospitable cottage of a fellow patriot, be laid her dead bodyon the bod. Garibaldi’s wife } was then buried in the ‘cemetery of that litte village, whicb, after ten years of exile, has been visited by him! His two sons were there with him the other day, when ' tears were shed and flowers were scattered upon the grave ef the heroic woman, An eye-witoe®s told me that it was really aheart-rending scene; for such tears were trembling ii the great warrior’s eyes as perhaps had not watered his noble face since the day he lost the mother of his children, Yesterday, as I was walking through the town, I met the Marquis of Clanricarde, who was going to visit Gari- baldi. Youare probably aware that his lordship pre- fesses himeelf a great lover of Talixn independence. A splendid dinner was given by Marquis Pepoli, ty afford him an opportunity of having a long and animated con- vergation with Garibaldi. let us hope the noble lord will not forget the speeches be mado at the ftalian uobleman’s: ailerecen hb cet upios his seat in the House of Lords at Westminster. : THE EMPEROX OF THE FRENCH AND THE POPE. | SrRROH OF HIS RXCRILENCY THE CARDINAL ARCUMENOP OP i BORDRAUX. Sumr—The clorzy of this diocess, by the mouth of its archbishop, arg happy to renew to your Majesty the ain- cere homage of their respect and devotion. It is with a | pride really French that they behold the monarch who2ze | valiant sword haus raise? to sech a height the glory of our | country. It is with kappiuces that they satute the mother of the Prince Ymperii! and the noble sovereign who knows 80 well how to unite firmness of soul with good- ness of beart, and who, in difficult times, so nobly bore the weight of public aflairs. sire, when, eight years ago, the city of Bordeaux gave you a welcome full of enthu- iasm, and the roof of our ancient cathedral shook with >a tious of the crowd, my clergy and I were . ng with joy at what appeared to us the bap- m of the new empire. We prayed then for him who ad cheeked the rising floods of revolution, who had fixed firmly on the brow of the church and of tho priesthood the luminous circle of honor which it was wished to raviab from them, and who had tnaugurated their great destinies in rendering to the Vicar of Jes 1 power. our name to b the st of the prosperity | of your reign, We pray with ‘ontidence, | with a hope that even deplorable legions vivlene ot discourage, a » of this of which the realization at pree 0 di | fler Ged, is iu you, Sir u who have ber | wish still to be, the eldest son of the churel | who have uttered these memorable wort | ral sovereignty of the venerable hes i ly connected with the y and the independen i on, ds, ‘The tempc dof the church éclat of a bouutiful thought, ble with the seutiments profess: ed by the august chief of your dynasty when he spoke of | the temporal po ver of the Popes, + © been spent | in creating it, they have been well spent.” Yester. ‘ ajesty placed for the first tine your foot'in the city which] by enchant | ment on the ence solitary shore aw kneeling j ii an unfinished sanctiar h ot cover belove i pu w whieh y my inten. Ges which 1 you ‘sce to esprehend your high secking to fortify confidence rather than Ithank you for haying recalled for Thave a firm hope that a bew era the church on tho dar whon cyery ‘Ui share my conviction that the temporal power of | the Father is opposed to the liberty | and I cannot here enter inte ich the grave question which mnvelved: and I must ii my that the government whieh Drought wk the Holy Father to is throne will ouly listen to counsels inspired by a respectful and gineere devotion to his interests; but i fecls anxicus, with reason, that tho dsy which shall witness (he evacuation of Rome by the taut; for Europe cannot i bas lasted for ten years And when our troops » behind them? Anareby, , What will they les terror, or p These are questions which cannot but be asked by all men. Bul, believe me, ia the epoch in whieh we im ceder to resolve them, it will be neces- Instead of appealing to ardent passions, to search for the truth, and pray 6 Providence to enlighten nd sovereigns in the wise exercige of their rights the extent of tholr duties. I doubt net that the pra, f your eminence and thos ar clergy will con- ue te draw down on the Emp ee and myself, the benediction of Heaven.’ my Tok, Oot. 12, 1859. Letters 1 ed from R tate that bis Holiness the Pope will lave an interview at Castel Gandolfo with the King of Naples. It is asserted that bis Holiness will prolong his stay at Castel Gandolfo an account of the agitation reigning in Lome. Rown, Get. 9, 1859. ter the departure ef the Pope a demonstration took place in Lonor of the Sardinian Ambassador, and a crowd of visiters, estimated at 16,000, called and left their cards at the Ambassador's residence. The French gendarmerie preserved order, but the effect of the demonstration was profound. ‘The Count de la Minerva will leavo Rome to-morrow, when it is expected another silent demonstration will take place, The Zurich Conferences. Zena, Oct. 12, 1860. ‘The Conferences do not draw toaclose. Austria etili refuses to 1 the amount of the debt of Lombardy to be borne by Narainia. ‘The demabds of Austria are not only resisted by Sar- dinia, but do not receive the support of France, which has proposed to Austria and Piodmont to submit the dis- puted point to the arbitration of another Power. No unswer has been received to this proposition up to the present time. The French government wishes the arrears of the pen- sions of the Monte Napoleone, and an indemnity fer the cost of the late war, to be incinded in the settlement of the debt which will have to be paid by Austria and Pied- mout. The Trial Trip of the Great Eastern. the London Daly New, Oot. 12.) It would be difficult to imagine an experiment under more favorable augpices than the second tr 4 the great ship. Tho sad experience of the first trial naturally produced great caution om the part of the direc- tors, the contractors, cers, navigators, and all who were responsible for tho Bafety of the vessel and the lives on board. The engines had been thoroughly examined, and were in the personal charge of those whose professional reputation was ‘some degree at stake in the result, Mr. Scott Russell enperintending the working of the paddle engines, and or. H. W. Blake, the head of the cole- brated tirm of James Watt & Co., of the Soho Works, Pirmingham, directing the working of the screw engines. ‘The machinery, so far as it was in any way injured by the late explosion, had been thoroughly ropaired, and the defects of construction which that explosion exposed i remedied. The steam chambers, or ” ag they ara techuieally called, round the funnels between decks, bad been removed in cach case, and their places and supplied by wood casings, foriaing bere for cooling down the heat iron plates. The ship, though in that state of which versely of experinced officers, who now, ome extent at leart, Know her qualities ‘and ender the command of a caplain of acknowledged reputation and whose conduct on the late trying occasion him to be also a man of cool nerve and determination in the moment of danger. to all this, that there were on board aging rector of the company, Mr. Bold; Mr, Campb.\|, the chairman, and other members of the rd, wl @ neght atany moment be consulted upon any question | volving expense or responsibility necessary to the satisf.. tory istue of the cruise. Another ad) and toga rs jt is by no means a slight one—was the ab- sence of a!) who were likely to encumber the working of ‘the ship. On oes cialis the vesse! the first idea that struck tho mind her magnificent appearance as she rode at anchor bebind the breakwater. She deeper in tho water at leneta couple of feet than when sho left tho ‘Thames, and the result was a decided improvement in the fymmetry of the bull, though it seemingly detracted somewhat frem the magnitude of her proportions. All preliminary arrangements bel completed, and seme fifty or sixty fathome of the V4 chain cablo having been raised by the windlasses and coiled upon the deck, the blue Peter was hoisted, and the important work of weighing anchor commenced inearnest. But here an unexpecte 3 difficult: presented itself; the supple- mentary steam engine which was destined to perform this other similar duties in the fore part of the ship, following the example of the refractory seamen, who thonght deck swabbing an unnecessary operation ou Sundays, evinced an equally strong repicuasen> anchor weighing on Saturdays. There was, A no help for it but to apply manual labur to the Windlassee, aud raise the heavy masa by that means, ‘This was, however, a matter of timo, It was half past three o’clock in the afternoon before the anchor wag brought up to the bows and the ship was re- eased from restraint—and within fifteen minutes after wards, she having in the meanwhile, in readyg obediencs to the heln.sman’s directing hand, swung her head round to the eastern extremity of the breakwater, the steam was turned on, the machinery was put in motion, and the yes- sel glided ‘majestically out of the harbor—the weather being at the time splendidly bright, the wind all bat im- perceptible, and the sea ag Smooth almost as the Thames above bricge. For some time she continued her eastward course, in order to gain sea room for clearing Portland Pill; but after steaming past Lulworth and far on towards Corfe, she tacked and stood out to sea in a north- westerly direction, working round gradually to the west, and parsing the ‘+ Bill’’ at forty minutes past five. At this time the paddles, which had been first noted at six revolutions per minute, had increased to ten, and the screw. which had been previously counted at 26, rose to 29 ana 80,and Jater in the evening to 32. _ The Start light Was passed at 9.35, and the Eddystone at 11:30, the of the vessel being bow, a8 per log, 33 kuote, which, cousicerations of safety, was rather lessened than creased during the remainder of the’n the morning an incident occurred whi being attended with serious if not fatal consequences, The Jochout at (he bows announced a light abead on the starboard bow, but the man whose duty it was to i Naa man- i pass the word on from him to the officer of the watch, curelersily sung out “Light on the port bow.” of souree it was ee oe Sd the cour e ship was steer! that could be seen must be that of some veesel coming on in the contrary direction, and the order was immediately given to put up the helm, so ag avoid her. Leckily a gentleman on deck detected the error, and at ou yminunicaied it to the ofler who was pass- ing ov the signals to the men at the wheel. . The neces- sary order was instently given, and the belm was put bard up on the oiLer sxle, but only in just sufficient time, ich proved to be a schooner in full sail, ‘hin less than pistol abot. At day: wy the Land's Eod was passed, and at baif he Bishop's Light, Scilly, after which, durin: ihe whuie of Sanday, until owardsevening, no land was y .-ibi A few Lours before daybreak on Sunday morning the Greut Eastern gave the first indication of being influenced by the motion of the waves. Hitherto there had bean not the elightest motion cither in the form of Pitching or rolling; but about the time she pass- ed the Lizard, who had retired to their cabins—which of conrse included all the non-nauticale— ‘were aroused from their sleep by a sensible oscillation, which required in some instances holding on hold in, and, more or Jess, from this time until very near the end of the voyage, the motion of ‘informed those whom ehe was carrying that she was not exactly a portion of terra firma, but could roll and pitch if fary, according to the varying circumstances of wind and waves; the inction, however, although sufficient sion dicagrecable results in one or two cases, was riably considerably tess than in thé largest ships w2 the yeesel, w nssing the bi = # had ‘boen affoat in before, and of course greatest when the ship was being “ put about ” or when meeting cross cur- rems and beayy seas. It is hardly necessary to add, that her steadiest sailing is against the wind, and that her unsteadiest point is with the wind at right angles to her course. (m Sunday morning, about church time— for there was a church time aboard, and a full Bu service, prayers, litany, sermon and psah to the ‘iturgy of the Church of England, the Rev: Nicholson, one of the visiters, who ie also a large holder in the concern, officiating in full canonicals—the first experiment of using sails and steam together was tried. First, the staysail was set on the foremast of the or, as itis new’ christened, the staysail mast; wed the upreedng of the trysail, and subge- quently the trysails were set in succesaién upon four of the other masts, Viz., the foremast, the mainmast, the mizen, and the nmost mast. As regards speed the eilect was nugatory, which is sufficiently accounted for by the fact that the wind, which was blowing fresh, as it bad been all the morning, was direct upon the ard beam; but in steadying the vessel and putting top to the rolling motion, the reauit Was not oply satisfactory b tantaneous. Probably, iatic sense, the best * the vessel presents is from stem to stern when all ber sais are set. nday there was too much wind to allow the top- ‘unfurled, but to the spectatur standing at tho ‘nof the sbip and looking along the capavious deck ds the stem, the vist of -taut rigging, with the tall, ring Masts standing in line, their capacious sails sue- cong each otber in the most exact and symmvtrical gvlarity, and beljying out with the breeze, was some- thing Deautiful. Chiertunately, no opportunity was #ffordce of testing the action of the sails m adding to the "bu ywer, the wind being, during the whole of the res of ‘the voyage, unfavorable, and mostly direetiy against the vessel's course. The coast of ireland was first sighted at about four o'clock op Sunday afternoon, and the whole ran. from the Bill at Po nd to the Old Head of Kinsale, a distance of 300 huutical or $50 statute miles, wag made, under the cir- 5 i working together, but at far less than full pressure, tbe speed having been purposely kept down during the bight—in 24 hours, or an average speed of sbout 18 knots. The bighest rate of speed was attaiued during the Jast five hours of this portion of the ; in the course of which 723¢ knots were run over, ing au average rate per hour for, that period of a frac” er 14. In accomplishing ‘this rate of speed the revolution of the idle wheels increased to eleven per ute, and of the screw to un average, according to Mr. of 42 per minute. It was intended that the test include a trial not only of the two different classes nes working in unison, with and withont the engine separately, umaidei and aided by the sailing power; bul some misunderstanding or difference between the enginvers and the sailing cap- tain,or between the engineere and the managing directors, upon the subject of lability, prevented this, Both Mr: Russe!l and Mr. Biake, it said, objected to disconnect their engines when requested to do 60, on the ground that both dle and serew were intended to work was that which, if ; conidence of the public in the ship, was for the moment Just. Towards evening those who conducted the ng of the screw engines intimated con- the trial; but no ailirmative answer fiom Scott Russell baving been made to a formal application made to him, the helm was put about and the sbip was steered up St. George’s Channel in the direc- ‘of Holyhead, her speed being purposely lowered. to from 10 to 12 knots, Sundny night and Monday forenoon were marked by « strong gale from the northeast, accom- panied by rain and mist, which induced ber captain to stand in midchannel. Here an opportunity was storded of ascertaining the bebavior of the ship in what would call + dirty weather,)” and most creditably 40 herseif did she come out of the trial. Though exposed to & sea which compeiled smaller yessels to exhibit a reasonable proportion of their keels the motion on board tbe Great Eastern was searcely more than perceptible, tere being no difficulty in walking the deck at any period; though it is but fair to add that the wind met her at her favorite point—viz., ahead. While waiting for betler weather, Captain Harrison thought the cceasion a favorable one jor testing the docility of his chi in answering to her helm. was doce by turning hefround, as it were, upon her own axis, tho result, as timed by ber commander, being that the com- Piete rotary motion was accomplished within fourteen minutes. Continuing up channel at an easy rate, land Was again obgerved at about noon, and shortly after- wards the buld outline of Holyhead was recognisil. ‘The weather had now moderated, and the Caen ing yielded to the arguments of their — y the trial would be entirely incomplete if it supplied no means of judging how far either of the engines Pie of performing the work of fe cog it P< fa; self trough avy accident by which the x might, be disabled, so much of the experiments which bad been set down as part of the previous day's pro- ‘amine us to the relative powers of the screw and the paddle engines were tried. | Of course the screw Lad the advantage, but from the difference in the calcula- tions of the rival manufacturers it was difficult te collect the details wilh snything like cortainly. Speaking gene- rally and in round numbers, it may eaid that the re- Ls owed a superiority of propeliing powor in the serow Se eeperearl the paddios in the proportion of nino knots ap hour as against seven anda quarter. Mr. Bus- seil’s account is that the paddle drove ship at the rato fseven and @ quarter to eight knots. an. hour with tho crew fixed apd in the water, and at the rate of ine knots an hour when tho screw 18 left loose and.allow- pledlbitae pie rar ogee gm which later tatement, it should bo remarked, parties q sho screw. party stata faut with tho pasion rand open to the action of the. water @ rateof epecd. wo witb the paddie upertove of no, Seas wo eyes yd and the ship her M, wi tho vessel aficut, while as a comfortable, safe and thoroughly, cilicieut sea boat she bas no equal, or rather abe bavo po equal when the work of restoration, ly progreseing, is conrpleted, and