The New York Herald Newspaper, October 25, 1859, Page 2

NEWS FROM EUROPE. §| \N QUEEN. ARRIVAL OF THE OCE Our Londen, Paris, Brussels, Berlin, Venice, Milan and St. Petersburg Correspondence. THE CRISIS ON THE CONTINENT. ‘The Attmze cf the Great Powers on the Italian Question. my JHE OBSEQUIES OF NR, MASON IN PARIS, STATE OF THE MARKETS, &e., &e., &o, ‘The steamship Ocean, Queen, from Southampton 18th ‘nst., with one day’s later news from Europe, arrived at this port last evening. Oar London Correspondence. _ Lonpow, Oct. 7, 1859. Brith American Steamship Lines—A Line from Wales to Portugal and Brazil—Royal Charter to a Portuguese Gompany—Trade Between England and South America— Baptizing a Vessel—Dinner and Speeches—Synopsis of Bngland’s Steam Trade—MMford Haven Harbor—Route of the New Vessels, de. Incidentally, or as philosophical observers, you aro, perbaps, interested in the progress of steam commerce in the hands of Mr. John Bull. That he does ‘go ahead” in the steam line you may be sure. Mr. John Orrell Lever having started a line from Ireland to America—a line that neither the Irish nor the Americans took the initiative in— he now sets bis energies to work to get up a line from South Wales to Portugal and Brazil, ‘The company formed is the Anglo-Luso-Brazilian Royal Mail Steam Navigation Company. It is a Portuguese company, working under a royal charter granted by the King of Portugal; the vessels sailing under the Portuguese flag, and subject to Portuguese usages. This gives some valuable trade advantages at the port of Lisbon, for there are discriminating duties in the Portuguese ports in favor of vessels of that nation, ‘The company has good reason to expect some valuable concessions of a postal and commercial character. The President of the Company is his Royal Highness the Duke ‘of Oporto, brother to the King. The Chairman of the Board is his Grace the Duke of Baldanba, of Lisbon. The other directors are his Excel- Jency Viecount d’Athoguia, Lisbon ; C. R. M. Talbot, Esq., Chairman of the South Wales Railway; Mr. Roebuck and Mr. Lever, members of Parliament; Captain Ford, Milford Haven ; Bernex Philipson, Bsq., of Lisbon ; ‘Thomas Howard, Esq., of Manchester; Sebastian Pinto Zeite, and Augusto Ferreira Pinto Basto, Esq., Portuguese ‘merchants in London, and Stephen Lewis Esq. The Gene vval Manager is J. W. Wilson, Esq., of London, and the Secretary, Walter Thomas Salton, Esq. ‘The company has been started under yery favorable ‘angpices. The trade between Great Britain and Brazil has more than doubled since the royal mail line steamers were siaried toBrazil, in 1850. There isa great amount of dissatisfaction expressed by travellers at the treat. ment on board the royal mail steamers; the ships are greatly overcrowded, and, holding a monopoly as they have, they cared very little for public opinion. The ships of the new company are three in number, of the fiect of the late European ‘and American Steamship Company, and purchased by Messrs. Howard and Lever a few months since. The agents of the line are James Baines & Co., Liverpool; Ford and Jackson, Milford Haven; Pinto, Olive & Co., ‘Lisbon; Faria and Brothers, Rio Janeiro; Chaves, Son and Brocado, Bahia, and Tasso and Brothers, Pernam. buco. In London the business js transacted by the Gene- ral Manager ‘and the Board, at 40 Cannon street, the office of the Galway line, formerly there, having been remoyod to No. 10 Cannon street. On Saturday last there was an important mecting and fan interesting ceremony at Milford Haven, apd having the honor of an invitation, I attended. The first ship of the Une, formerly the Queen of the South, was to be rechrist ened the Milford Haven, and then go on her way ‘Fo traverse Paynim shores and pass earth’s central line. ‘there were present several of the directors, the general aNd & Duinder vt tne nopuity and gentry v: we . Miss Roebuck, the only daughter of the distin- ‘4 member of Parliament for Sheffield, had the r of naming the ship. The ship’s guns were charged, ‘Miss Roebuck was ied forward by Mr. Lever, and the guests gathered around to witness the ceremony. A bot- tle of champagne, tastefully decorated with ribbous, aud bearing a label’ with the name of the ship, was suspended by a line from the rigging, and an iron hooped ‘eask stood in lieu of the bow, to receive the blow. The bottle of wine is supposed to be broken over the bow of the vessel named, and this is usually done in the case of a new ship, when the scaffolding is around her. But with a vessel alloat, and ready for sea, it is not easy for a lady % get at the figure head. A clergyman present stood 9s godfather; the starboard gun was fired, Miss Roebuck dashed the bottle forward, and &s the wine end ts flew about our faces, she said: “God ‘views Milford Haven: the English flag, which él that moment, was flying at the peak, was pulied @own, the Portuguese flag was run up, three sheers were given the King of Portugal, the port gun was fired, and the ceremony wasover. The company then sat down to a very elegant and sub- Btantial dgjeuner, which was served in the superb cabin of the Portuguese steamer “ Milford Haven.’’ From two till six, wines, smiles and chat from fair ladies, toasts and ppeeches,were the order of the day, The principal speech- 8 were made by Mr. Roebuck, Mr. Lever, Mr. Hender- pon of G , Mr: J. Lyster O'Beirne of London, and . Pliny Miles, an American. As the speeches made gave considerable information on ‘the subject of steam commerce in Great Britain, I will make some extracts. Mr. Lever was in the chair, and gaye, ‘‘ The King of Mr. Roebuck ‘Her Majesty the Queen,’’ and fm the course of his brief remarks said they were about to -eonfer the blessings of commerce upon distant lands, and Ibe hoped to see the day when the benefits of that free and ‘constitutional government which England had so long en- |, Would be also, by her, conferred upon all nations, ieee) ‘They were about to send out the blessings of ‘commerce, and South America, with = pl, the mother ‘country, would be w able to teach them the benefits of commercial intercourse, ‘and the blessings of freedom would speedily follow, of free thought, free speaking, free action and free trade; andon extending and consolidating freedom would de- ‘pend the alliance of these three nations, England, Portugal ‘and Brazil. (Cheerg.) History had taught him that freedom was to be extended not by force, and that great mations were not necessarily nae ones. Athens, Car- , Phoenicia, Portugal and land have been any- thing but great nations by the extent of their territories or tbe number of their populations. But it was by their spirit by their energy, by their vigor of character, by Knowledge, that they were enabled to carry throu ‘the world the benefit of a great example. (Cheers.) Por- ‘@ngal set the cxample to England many centuries back. Portégal created the greatest colonies in South America, as England had in North America. Then the North Ame- colonies set England a great example, and freed themselves before the world, and we learned beneficial Jessons from our descendants. He hoped that Portugal ‘would learn, in like manner, from her grest descendant, i re. In answer to some well put and well deserved compli- mts from Mr. Roebuck, in proposing his health, Mr, Lever said:—He went to Galway, as they had heard, not ou account of politics, but to make mdney; and he came to Milford Haven tor the same purpose, and he believed that purpose would be certainly accomplished. He was a bu- wines man, he had din the steamship enterprise between this port and Brazil for the purpote of advancing the interests of South Wales and the entire kingdom, avd those who baye embarked their means in it expect to make money, (Cheers.) This port was selected because they believed they , from Milford Havén, bring Low , and the manufacturing districts of England, together with the agricultural and) provision market of the south of Ireland, nearer to South America thah through any other port. He believed that for the United States and all parts of North America, the port of Galway has the position of any port in the Biogas and for trade to Portugal, Spain. |, and all South Ame. rica, Milford en’ has the Jargest. and most un- uestionable advafitages and the most favorable locality. had now the richest and most fertile countries of ‘the globe open to their enterprise—they had also (China ‘and Japan to take their luce, and to yield luce in return. (Cheers.) Mr. Roebuck has identified himself ‘with some of these enterprises, and was thus conferring £00d upon his fellows. Commerce was the great - weacemaker, and the great protector, wo, of ! 5. ; they wanted thelr coasts protected b Gikely that if an enemy should. evsr be aac pth te on these shores, that he would land under forte They wanted ships, too, like the 5 run dow: ‘wanted railways on the ocean. It js welt pe tae a4 Steamship lines pay the best of ail shipping enterprises, sand.in proposing the toast of the shipping intercat he was iad tose amongst thefn one of the largest’ ship owners of Great Britain, whose name he would associate with the “The Shipping Interest tnd Mr. Henderson, of ae may this company long keey hi 01 $n the building of ships.” (Cheers.) - "*¥4"4 Boing Mr. Pliny Miles gave what might be consi commercial toast of the eyening. In his specch he refer. red to the Jeading part taken by Great Britain in the com meree of the world. He said: Fn looking atthe route | ‘ked ont for the operation of this splendid line of steamers, he noticed one singular coincidence. They ail knew that Great Britain was a colonizing nation, they knew how prond she was of all her children (cheers) , in cluding her sturdy rebellious child on the west side of the | Auantic. (Cheers and laughter.) He was a Yankee dom of Portugal, which on almost any map of Eur‘spe is scarcely larger two fourpenny pieces, and they eere remipded that the it and most promperous State planted by any nation of modern times—next to the colo- nics of Great Britain—is a Portuga and prosperous empire of Brazil, a tion of seven millions of people. ters of this undertaking have the ng that the present Emperor of Brazil is a most enlight- ened monarch, and in any public position in Europe would rank as @ great statesman. He devotes his time and ener- gies to the of agriculture and manufactures and the e1 tof commerce. (Loud cheers.) He pecmoled an exciemiogat English, American and other foreign manufactures at Rio Janeiro, a few years siaco, and he grants every facility and encouragement to steam. ship lines. It is an interesting feature in the extension of steam communi and the multiplication of steam. ships the world over, that these fleet messengers of ¢»m- ‘merce and pioneers in the march of improvement, stop not om the confines ¢f civilization. Steamships pursue the whale among the ponderous icebergs of the Greenland sea, over the last track marked out by the brave Franklin and his companions. They carry missionaries, teachers, Bibles and household comforts to the heathen tribes of the South- ern islands, and they oo to every coast and nearly ever; harbor of Africa, freighted wtih Manchester cotton, Shef- field cutlery, and Birmingham “notions,” to send to the negroes of the interior in exchange for palm oil, ivory and gold dust. Though merchants and shipowners cary on their trafflc in the pursuit of gain, they extend British in- fluence, scatter the seeds of civilization and Christianity, and produce unq le and lasting benefits wherever they extend. (Loud cheors.) In this yery ship are bal of textile fabrics, ornaments and trinkets, that'ere lon; will be worn by tawny savages in the forests agd,plains of South America. “But he need not make these statements to the ears of the present company. | (Cries of “Go on.””) Ho saw before him Mr. Roebuck, the statesman, who feels proud of his association with merchants; Mr. Lever, who has, in little aboveva year, set on foot two great steamship enterprises, which will be productive of lasting benefit to several communities of people, not only in this country, but in distant lands; Mr. James McLintock Henderson: of Glasgow, the eminent shipbuilder; Messrs. Ford and Jackson, who bave labored so successfully in advancing the interests of Milford Haven, and Mr. Wilson, the ener- foc manager of the Anglo Luso-Brazilian steam line; and ¢ believed they needed no facts from him to direct them in their large and important business operations, or to give them faith that their labors and outlays in advanc- ing steam communication will be successful. It is cheer- ing and encouraging, the giant strides made in steam- ship enterprise in Great Britain, a country that gaol has more steamships en; din commercial affairs than all other nations in the world. (Loud cheers.) The official record of 1868 tells them there are 862 of sca- golmg steamships, besides just about an equal number of ‘Steamtugs and river steamers. At this time the number cannot be much, if any short of 900. Five years ago the proportion of steamships to sailing vessels was about oue to eighteen; last year it was more than one-tweltth, while the steamship tonnage built each year at the present time —from 40,000 to 70,000 tons—is more than one-fourth the tonnage of sailing vessels. This does not represent the proportionate importance and amount of busincss of steamships as compared to sailing vessels; for steamships | are much more efficient, run with far greater regularity and speed, and do far more business. From these fagts they could see that in a very few years, more than one- half of the foreign and coasting trade of the United King- dom—and perhaps he might say a majority of thes eagoing trade of the world—will be carried on by means of steam- ships. He believed there were some persons who alfect to believe that steamships from Milford Haven are going to in- jure the South Wales Railway. The large quantity of goods that he saw that morning in a warel at the dock told to him a different story. These goods were sent direot from Manchester here, because the vessels of this steam company present the best and quickest route to Brazil from the great manufacturing centre of England. If any person imagines for one moment that steamships at the sea terminus of a railway are a damage instead of a bene- fit to the prosperity of the iron track, let them ex- plain on any other hypothesis the cause of the pros- perity of Liverpool, Southampton and Dover, and Northwestern, Southwestern and Southeastern Railways, that run from London to these active and: pros- perous packet stations. At his native town—Watertown, State of New York—there is a railway which forms a link connecting the city of New York with the east end of | §! Lake Ontario, and the British colony of Canada West, through the harbor of Cape Vincent, whence steamers run to Kingston, Toronto. Montreal and Quebec. When this railway was opened from Rome to Watertown and Cape Vincent—four or five years ago—the directors supposed four locomotives would. carry on all the trafflc on that branch of therailway. Steamers were put on at the ter- minus, connecting it with all parts of Canada, and in less than two years they found twenty locomotives too few to do the business. (Cheers.) But some arguments are too good for the purpose jutended. They prove altogether too much. One thing cannot be disproved; and that is, that Milford Haven is a more direct route from London to every part of America, than any port in England, possessing advantages in time of from twelve to twenty-four hours. In comparison with Liverpool it is about an hour and a half or two hours fur- ther by rail, with the vast advantages of being some | twelve hours nearer America by sea, and that, the part presenting more dangers than all the rest of the voyago— the dangerous and wreck strewn shallows of St. Georgo’s Channel. He hoped this steamer, now appropriately named the Milford Haven, will, in the success of ber fu- ture trips, surpass the prestige of her former career, and prove herself both the “ Queen of the South” and the | ‘Queen of the North.” (Loud cheers.) As they hava honored the sovereign of these realms, and also his Ma- jesty the King of Portugal, he should now propose in con- nection with the commercial tésst of the evening the third sovereign, whose extensive dominions and large population will be vastly benefitted by the establishment of the Anglo-I.uso-Brazilian Royal Mail Steam Navigation Company. ie He had the honor of proposing | “Epgland, Portugal and Brazil, may they commercially and politically sustain each other; and the health of ve Haggrial Majesty Don Pedro Il., the Emperor of Brazil.” / Drenk with all the honors. ‘The interesting statements made in the8e speeches will perhaps, be suflicient apology for the length of the quota- tions given. } Tneed not go into the geography or mining resources of South W: or the marine resources of the harbor of Milford Hi: ‘This is the fluest harbor in Europe, large | enovgh for all the navies of the world, deep enough for the Great Eastern, and in a length of some twenty miles affords protection from warlike attacks and the war of the elements. It is in the vicinity of the finest coal mines of the world—coal for steam pury din the vicinity of large iron works. Milford is yet destined to figure largely in th rican trade. Those wholive in the year of grace iyi see here a larger commercial place than Liverpool Will then be. It must be so. No- thing can prevent it. ‘There is another steam line of considerable interest and commercial importance that has been gradually coming into prominence, that I intended to speak about, but I must postpone an account of it to « future letter. Tdid not mention that the vessels of the Anglo-Luso- Brazilian line go from Miiford Haven to Lisbon, next to St. Vincent, Cape de Verde Isles, thence to Pernambuco, Ba- hia and Rio Janeiro. They will carry passengers at through rates to and from all the leading towns of Great Britain, and coflee and other prominent products of Bra- zil will be gent to Liverpool at the same rate of ‘reight as to Milford Haven. The Milford Haven left on Monday, the 3d of October, and hereafter a steamer will leave Rio and Milford on the Ist of every month. Our Paris Correspondence. Panis, Sept. 27,1859. Talian Complications Again Rife—The King of Sardinia Astonishes Napoleon—Prince Napoleon and His Chances and Policy—Royal and Diplomatic Break-Up at- Biar. ritz—Art Illustrations of the Late War—Another Grand City Improvement, dc. The great topic of interest is Victor Emanuel’s bold re- ply to the deputation from Romagna. The Moniteur pub- lishes it without comment. Not so the legitimist and cle- rica] journals, which speak in strong terms of the lan- guage used. Itis, however, more and more evident to the ‘‘initiated” that the King of Sardinia is really reckon- ing withoet his host, and that, sooner or later, he will re- ceive asnub of an unmistakable character, The Consti- tutionnel, whose voice on this question is the vow Dei, says roundly :— We have said that further increase of territory for the kingdom of Sardinia would be contrary tothe mis- sion which it bas undertaken, and at the same time against the conditions of the equilibrium on which the security and futare prosperity of the States of the Italian penin- sula repose.’ It declares a ‘‘confederation’’ indispensa- ble, without which rivalries and shocks would ‘inevitably break out between all those States which were uncon- nected by a common interest and mutual obligations. In the Siécle of to-day there isa long letter, signed “Pierre Charles Roggio, Directeur de LI , De- puté au Parlement,”-and dated from Turin, Cont. 20, the uurport of which is to show the utter impossibility of ‘ince Napoleon being King of Central Italy, on the two-fold ground of his being a foreigner and a prince in alliance with a powerful reigning house. The reason assigned is, that, a8 a foreigner, he would utterly shock the spirit of the people, which desires before all things to be “na- tional,’’ and his connection with powerful monarch would inevitably lead to the result under whieh Italy has so long groaned—a foreign influence; in fact; would Sey be the subetitution of French influence for Aus- rian. Tn the meanwhile Prince Napoleon keeps himsel( quietly out of the way,or only Just #0 much in the way that his “whereabouts” may be known. We are told that the Prineces Clothilde is shortly about to repair to the Sardinian capital, and that her imperial spouse bas. pur- Chased, for the sum of 720,000 francs, a chatean on the: Lake of Geneva. But Prince Napdleon’s hopes are strong. He is known to have numerous Partisans in the Duchies, and he has many powerful backers in coun- cilg which, on the Ttalian questions, are all omnipotent. ‘There are symptoms of a break up at Biarritz. King Leopold bas departed, as also a number of lesser mag- nates. The Emperor’s baggage is arriving in Paris. It is said bis Majesty and the Emprees will follow next week. It is amusing toobserve the shifts the lickspittics of the court have recourse to for drawing ont the atiabilities of illustrious personages during their diversions. Poor King ld was in danger of quitting the scene without hay- ing made a single “point,” when, ‘‘by accident,” a one legged soldier comes limping in his way, and ‘Leopold, finding he has no pension, promises his intercession with his illustrious brother monarch. The next day the Empe. ror himself contrives to pick up another ono leggod so!- dier, and to exhibit his own generosity. Fortunately, thanks to the murderons character of the short cam paign in Italy, there is just now a large stock onhand of maimed and halt, and any royal pert ye, by an appli cation to any of tho chief towns of France, may be now #0 Prince Napoleon bas nothing else to do at present, a batch of interesting objects might as well be sent to him. | now. M. Horace Vernet is finishing a picture represent- ing Napoleon I. surrounded by his Marshals; M. Yrou hag completed his designs for the pictnres of the battles in bi If, and feltthat he was twWo-thirds an Englishman. (Renewed merriment.) They looked at the small king: Italy; M. Beaan is painting an equestrian portrait of Mar- chal Cqurobert; M. Jeaifrey is at work at a marble SLE TE ONS ee ee eee upplied with a fitting case of benevolence forthwith. As | » is great employment-among eminent artists just | statue; M. Dumont is penn ca. the model of a statue of Alexander Humboldt; M. de Nogent is finishing a statue of Gen. de Lournel, which is to be erected at ra ‘Thegost is commencing one of Massena for the city of Nice. ‘The municipal Council of Paris has definitively adopted the project of opening a new approach from the Champs Elyeuct to the Bola de , to be called the avenue de VEmpereur. Itis to begin ite the Point de l’Alma, along the side of the Chaillot by the barrier Bi*Marle- and across the plain of Pasay to the gate of La Muette. The avenue is to be metres wide, and tho expense is caleulated at about 3,000,000 francs. Pans, Oct. 6, 1859. Mr, Mason's Sudden Death and his State of Health the Day Previous—General Regret in Paris—The Funcral—Ke- port of the Ceremonies and Scencs—Reminiscences of the Diplomat and Politician—Church Services and Sermon— Appearance of the French Troops during the English Min- isterial Discourse, dc. A mournful event has brought the United States more immediately under the eye of the French people. Mr. Mason@ the representative of the American republic at the Court of the Tuileries, is dead. ‘On Saturday, the Ist instant, the honorable gentleman was in more than his usual health, and his conversation— always remarkable for its genial and suggestive charac- ter—was observed to be more than usually lucid and piquant. Surrounded by his family and one or two inti- mates, ho talked freely on the subject of various political negotiations he was desirous of completing with France during his tenure of‘office; and when he retired for the night, the impression on those he left behind was, that never did the promise of a green old age appear more hopeful and encouraging. Alas, it was but the last fitful flame, soaring with more than wonted bDrilliancy, only to be followed by a night of darknese. About three o'clock A. M. he was seized with a violent rush of blood to the head, which speedily found vent at the mouth, ears and nese. He became almost instantly insensible, and not- withstanding everything that medical art or the tender- est care could bring to bis aid, sank about nine o’clock on Sunday morting, to the inexpressible grief of his family and his many friends. He had, as is well known, suffered from a similar attack some four years ago, which then, as now, seized him in the night, and his recovery from which he always attributed, under Providence, to the bold and judicious treatment of Dr. Biggold, a young American practitioner, who, in op- Position to the opinions of some of the highest medical authorities in Paris, bled him most copiously. It is under- stood that he had also been subjected to a similar seizure, though of a less severe character, in the United States pre- vious to his acce] the distinguished office of Minister and Plenipotentiary at this court. The lastattack, therefore, was the third, This is not the first instance of the death of an American Minister at his post; but the circumstance it- self is almost entirely without precedent, though I believe about twenty years ago there was a case in point. This much is certain, that the sudden nature of the death, com- bined with the absence of Imperial Court and the departure of the different menfbers of the diplomatic corp3 for the usual relaxation taken at this particular period jof the year, caused a considerable difficulty as to the fittest mode of paying the respect that was due to the remains of sohigh a functionary. A telegraphic despatch was immediately despatched to Biarritz, and the following notice in the Moniteur of this morning will show the de- sire that was manifested on the part of the government to do all honor to the great gee b whose plenipotentiary had been cut short while in the honorable performance of his high duties:— Paris, Oct. 5, 1859. We have the grief of annou the death of Mr. ‘Mason, Minister of the United States at His obsequies took Hace this morning at the American chapel, in the Rue de ITY. ‘After having fulfilled very ions at Washington, where he formed part of maney. fasloen Mr. Mason. repre? rented the United States at from Januar} 1854. By the amenity of his relations, as well as by his ebaracter, he cecupled In the ical world and in society a place too maine oe cats to cause universal 3 merican scarcely pristed, Independent of the of ae Cahoon hao oes Baron de ae i A ceremoniesant jucer of ambassadeurs, (u uniform, Who wasconducted thither in one of the imperial carriages’ the members ofthe corps diplomatique t this moment at Paris; M. Compte de Bartiges, Minister of the Emperor at Washington; Mf De Billing, chief of the cabinet of the Minister for Foreign Affairs; M. le Colonel Clermant, mil tary attache to the English embassy, &c. A detachment of troops, commanded by a supe- rior officer, occupied the interior of the chapel as well as the approaches to it. After the religious ceremony the mortal re- maius of Mr. Mason were dep: in the receptacle of the ghacel, the desire of the family betug to transmit them to ‘Bi! As gn eye witness I can myself testify to the fidelity of the official notice. Due announcement ‘had been given in Galignaui’s Messenger of the intended funeral service at the Rue de Berri at one o’clock, and on my arrival at the chapel a few minutes after I found scarcely a seat vacant. The approaches to the sacred edifice were literally blocked up by the numerous carriages which had depo- sited their owners within the walls, aud the appearance of one of the imperial carriages had already attracted a numerous crowd of lojterers. On entering the chapel I observed that the coffin was placed on an estrade within the communion rails. Over it was thrown the illustrious drapeau of the country the deceased had represented. ‘The upper part of the coffin displayed (ho silyer stars on the azure ground, the foot the crimson stripes. AS My eye fell on the national banner, I could not but call. to mind that the last occasion on which I had heard tho voice of its representative in a foreign land 3 6n tho Fourth of July jast, when it emphatiow, marked the ac- ' coesion of another #<» ' ‘hat same national emblem. All who remomber Mr. Mason, as he filled the chair at the Hotel de Louvre on the jast anniversary of Ame- rican independence he was permitted to see, will recollect the genial spirit and courteous dignity with which he per- formed the arduous duties of the evening. His attenuated form, and a slight fecbleness in his voice, witnessed the ordeal through which he bad passed four’ years ago; but the inner man was bright as ever, and as his spirit warmed under the glorious hopes and reminiscences to which the oceasion gave rise, his physical powers strength- ened, and the pleased attention accorded by that nume- rous ‘assemblage to his lightest word, showed not only the estimation in which he was held as a man, but the high consideration that was given to him as @ Statesman. ike many chairmen, he never got on his legs but to charm, and those who recollect the dreadful -wordiness of the many tedious orations that were de- livered on that occasion will remember what a bright and genial light he appeared in the midstrof those hazy speak- ers. There was something exceedingly pleasant in the tones of his voice; the slight provincialism in his accent had nothing of what foreigners so often object to in the intonation of Americans, and a3, with a happy point, he illustrated great principles by one anecdote after another, something of the “tine old English gentleman of the olden time,”’ adorned with the graces of modern statesmanship and science, secmed impersonated. But to return from this digression. Not having heard of the guard of honor that was to come from the Court, I could not understand, as the hour appointed had lon; since passed by, why the. performance of the prescribe ceremony should be delayed. At last, however, the deep silence which pervaded the chapel was broken by the measured tramp of a military detachment preceded by the deep tones of the muffied drum. It divided into two branches on entering, forming a line on, either side the nave of the chapel; and ae the vestry door was fling open, and the Rev. Mr. Seeley, minister of the chapel, and the Rev. Mr. Lasson, minister of the Amer. ican Episcopal Chapel, in gown and cassock, moved towards the ’ pulpit. Mr. Lasson read the futieral service and the appointed Igson from St. Paul’s Epistle to the Corinthians, and Mr. Seeley preached the sermon: The most profound attention wag paid throughout. Unhappily, from the feebleness of Mr, Beeley’s voice, many of us at the extreme end of the cha- pel lost his text, but towards the conclusion of his dis- course he was better heard. Nothing could be more ap- propriate than his remarks on the charactor of the de- ceased, steering clear as they did of every expression which might give. rise to a contrary opinion. ‘Setting aside politics,”’ he said, ‘of which there must necessarily be diverging sentiments regarding all public men, none would deny the uprightness, the honesty of purpose and the eminently genial and benevolent spiritof the deceased statesman, who, after filling, together with many other offices, that which was second only to that of the chief ma- gistracy, had quitted life without one single enemy. None ever approached him to ask a kindness without receiving one; none ever sought his jadgment without admiring the clear intellect and single mindedness of the man. In conclusion, Mr. Seeley made an instructive allusion to the suddenness of the visitation which had deprived his country of his services and his family of its loved and honored head. } I am ieved to add that the distress of Mr. Mason’s family at their great and sudden bereave- ment is almost overpowering, and that, .ad- cording to a general report he has not left a single dollar to be divided among his widow-and thirteen children. A rumor had for some time prevailed that he was desirous of being relieved from his post at Paris, but this a] to have been without any foundation. President Bucha- nan wag so Fatisfied with his representation of the inter- ests of America, that he desired nothing better than that Mr, Mason should continue to discharge his office as long as he himself retained the Presidential chair. As a matter of opinion—in allusion to the performance Of the ceremony at the chapel—I am not sure that the presence of the red trowsers, covered heads and dark contracted features of a hundred little French soldiers, with pikes as long as themselves, added much to the solemnity. Their vacant, gaping looks at the odd sounds which met their ears, the strange appearance (to them) of the chapel, and the half exprossed. wonder of what was to come next, made one think that they and their shakos, and their RY, faces, would have been quite as well elsewhere. But it was a well intended compli- ment to a public man and to the nation w! had held, and the fanerals of public men, like their lives, monet not be expected to go off after the fashion of their less conspicuous brethren. J have left myself no room to talk of politics and many other matters, which must be reserved for another letter. Our Brussels Correspondence, Brossxrs, Oct. 12, 1859. Diversity of Politics with Regard to the Italian Question— Closing of the Conferences at Zurich—Economical In: portance of the Italian Confederation—Dutch Railways— Eaternol Commerce of Belgium, dc., de. Amidst the various interests to which the Italian ques- ion has given rise, it is curious to follow the politics of the governments which discuss that question, involving the future of an antique nationality. Oat of these politics we find that two are clearly defined, and have a leading idea, made kngwa long since and pursued unremittingly. ‘The Italian States wish to conquer a complete self-government, fornt great nation, having its charter and parliament, with a constitutional monarch. On the band, England shows herself fayorable to this wigh of the various States of Italy, expressed so unanimously and spontaneously. ‘The government of the United Kingdom has, thrdugh the organ of one of its eminont members, Lord John Russell, declared that England would participate in a congress ofthe | Powers to settle the Italian question only on the express condition that the votes of the Duchios should be respected. In opposition to these two political systems, openly avowed, are two other abler diplomacies, which seem to have taken for their motto—‘Words were given to man that he might disguise his thoughts.”” Austria has manifested a desire to re-establish on the thrones of Tuscany and Modena the princes of her fami- ly wha have been declared rejected by their former peo- ples. But is this restoration to take place with or without the assistance of bayonets? Up tothe present day it has been impossible to procure a decided answer from the head of the Hapsburg family. As to the politics of France, they appear still more wavering, though we do not be- lieve there is any want of decision in the mind of the Bm- peror Napoleon II; but, faithful to the system he adopted even before he ascended the throne, no official act betrays his policy. On the contrary, tho Moniteur Universel, in its communicated articles, seems to have endeavored to mislead the public opinion. At one time the official paper upholds the cause of Italian neutrality; at another the treaty of Villafranca appears as about to re- ceive ite nice arpenten 5 in short, m orremeenens ie obliged.to do as other people, nay, as other governme! do—wait till it may please the sphynx of the Tuileries to expound his own enigma. ‘As to the position of Victor Emanuel, it is strange in- deed. Earnestly entreated by the people of the duchies who wish to place him at the head of the work of Italian regeneration, he can scarcely accept this lofty position and is even constrained to rejeet these fine countries that would be his. Indeed, the King of Sardinia is not free to act as he pleases ; in all important proceedings he has to refer to his guardian at Paris, besides which treaty of Villafranca engages in some measure the chief of the House of Savoy. This day has been announced the closing of the Confer- ences at Zurich, and the definitive be; ome of the peace treaty between the three late belligerent States. The meeting of a European Congress appears indispensable. It is ardently solicited by the Piedmontese goveramont. The serious events which have taken place in the Peuin- sula, namely: the sending of his passports to the repre- sentative of the Sardinian States at Rome, and the en- counter of the Papal troops with the Romagnal van posts, claim the intervention of the great States to preventa spark igniting the passions of italy. The meeting of a Congress is therefore considered by all as the only means of settling without further bloodshed the Italian qugstion. A great deal has been said of the litical importance that wilkbe attributed to the new Italian Confederation; it is not, therefore, devoid of interest to see what this is likely to prove. ‘The Confederation, is constituted by the treaty of Villafranca, will comprehend a superfices of 265,935 square kilometers; the confederate population will not be under 24,482,224 souls, and the revenues of the seven States politically connected will amount to 500,567,000 francs, (more than one hundred millions of dollars); as to the total budget of the expenditures, it exceeds that of the receipts, being 521,183,298 francs’ ($104,000,000); an evident proof that the strictest economy does not preside over the public accounts of the southern States of Europe. ‘These countries also at present railways which will soon be considerably extended; they have important sea-ports—Genoa, Leghorn, Venice, Naples—they com- mand two seas; possess important mineral riches, and a fertile soil. These are elements of prosperity equall to any in the most favored parts. c ‘The States General of “Holland have just opened their legislative session. His majesty the King has pronounced. the usual speech. The most important subject in debate will be the creation of railways. It is almost incredible that sorich and commercial a country as Holland should not bave, ere this, understood the imperious necessity of creating a complete system of railways. That country | must be used mainly for the transit of colonial goods on their way to Centrai Europe; the Dutch, therefore, require both commercial ports easy of access, and rapid means of communication. The maritime works have for many years been carried on with unremitting perseverance, and absorb annually a heavy portion of the revenue. But, till now, the government had been blind to the im- portance of a rapid and cheap mode ot conveyance as conducive to the prosperity of the country. However, | when Holland found she was likely to be the only kingdom. deprived of these new instruments of wealth she began to feel her inferiority as compared with ‘he neighboring nations, at would most certainly have monopolized ultimately the transit trade | of the Netherlands. The Dutch government has there- fore decided upon favoring the creation of railways, and a project of law to that effect has been laid before the House. The whole tength of the railways to be construc- ted is about seven hundred kilometers; the capital to bo expended, one hundred: millions of florins ($40,000,000) ; the subventions granted by the government, sixty millions of florins ($24,000,000). The works are to be completed within six years. In one of my nextlettors I will speak of the man efforts made by Belgium to extend her commerce at 5 ‘You are aware we have been successful in our attempts to create a direct trade between Belgium and the United States of America. A regular commercial intercourse has recently” been agreed upon between Bogium and Russia, and will soon be in operation. All this must be highly Profitable to Belgium, since she produces numerous manu- factured goods, and possesses, moreover, in many in- stances the raw materials, for all of which, till very late- ly, she bad no foreign mart, and was unable to procure a me for them abroad without the assistance of intefme- diaries. Our Berlin Correspondence. Bern, Oct. 6, 1859, Legislative Opposition to the New Reform Agitation—Action of the Senate of Frankfort—The Voice of the People Stifled Jor a Time—Hesitation of the Prussian Government to Uphold the Doctrines of Freedom—French and Austrian Influence—Funeral of Carl Riter—City Burglars—Ar- red of a Dangerous Convid, dc. ‘The refusal of the Senate of Frankfort to allow the Committee of Twelve to hold their mectings in the “free city” seems to have been the signal for a crusade against the national movement which bs been agitating Germany for the Jast few months, and at which the governments have hitherto been dismayed and angry, but silent and passive, spectators. The cabinet of Vienna hasissued the mot @ordre to its satellites, who are hastening to fulfil the behests of his Apostolic Majesty, which agree so well with their own inclinations, and the prohibition of the mectings at Frankfort has been immediately followed by a decree of the Grand Duke of Hesse, com- manding his law officers to institute proccedings against such of his subjects as have appended their names to the programme of Elsnach, or taken a part in the transactions of the National Reform Association. ‘The most prominent of these are a M. Hagman,a mem- ber of the Hessian Legislature and ex-member of the German Parliament of 1848, and M. Metz, Advocate at the Supreme Court at Darmstadt, who have both been ac- cused of the crime of ‘conspiring the overthrow of the federal constitution,” and summoned to answer for their conduct. There can be no doubt that the other petty Princes will not be slow in imitating this laudable ex- ample; the official Hanoverian Gaselle has already ful- minated its anathema against the culprits who make German unity a pretext for subverting the thrones of their lawful rulers, and we may expect a fourth edition of that system of pergggution that was inaugurated by the Carlstadt resolutions 1820, and renewed after the events of 1832 and 1848, , Under,these- circumstances the line of action adopted by Prussia will be decisive of the success or failare of the movement. If she hesitates or hangs back, the reac- tionary faction will have it all their own way; the spark of liberty that has once more been kindled among the countrymen of Luther and Hutten will be stamped out under the iron heel of despotism, and the dream of a United Germany will either. vanish forever, or its aq- complishment be reserved for some Periood of foreign war or domestic revolution. Unfortunately,‘the Prussian Cabi- net is divided in its opinion ag to the course that ought to befollowed. TheKisenach programme can hardly fail to be approved of by Prussian statesmen, inasmuch as jt has the express tendency to place the country at the head of Germany; but # is felt that such a result can never be attained except atthe price Kft a de eget nel he en ps t fills the more party in the Ministry with 80 mucheonsterne, tion that, rather than incur such risk, they would abandon the national cause to ite fate, and leave it to be dealt with as may please Austria and her confederates. Their bolder colleagues, on the contrary, are for taking the movement ly under the wing of Prussia; their pur- ‘pose is to offern ‘series of resol et, embody ing the main points of the Eisenach programme, if these are rejected, to withdraw from the Confederacy and to form a separate Union, lar to that projected by Radowitz in 1860. Of course the epority of the German princes would — oppose a plan, but it is thought that, with the general enthusiasm ‘that now prevails, a very slight exertion of gentle violence would suffice to overcome their resistance and to their arsent to the proposed arrangement. allowed, would protest moat violently against it, and per. hay war; considering, however, ps even threaten to declare the disasters shé has lately experienced, the difficnities condition of her she is in at home, and the -d! finances, which renders” her~ totally unable on hostilities for any length of time, it may ‘be fairly anticipated that ‘she would ‘be in’ no’ hurry to carry her threats into execution, but ‘submit, she has 80 often done, to what is become fait ap. compli. Besides, to imdemnify her for tho loss of the position she once occupied in the German Confederacy, an alliance might be contracted with her by the newUnion under the rehip of Prussia, guaranteeing the: inte- grity of her ng in Gormany, and insuring her ali the material advantages she derived from the Federal connexion, the duties—but, unluckily, too, with- out the power and influence attached to it, ‘These conflicting views could not but react. upon.tho condyet of the Prussian government, to which they have imy acharacter morc than usually vacillating aud inconsistent. Fora time, the donbters and waverers got the upper band in the Cabinet, and profiting by the ab- sence of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Baron Schleinitz, they had several articles inserted in a gemt-official jour- nal, denouncing and ridiculing the national movement, preaching up a close alliauce between Austria and Prassia ag the best gnarantee of German unity, and even ox cusing the insolent act of Count Rochburg, which had ex cited universal indignation, but which the Spuesohe Ze represented as an honcet well meant expres opinion, which no real well w f his country hata right to find fault with. These sentiments, proo obtain Austria, it {s || NEW YORK HERALD, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1859:-TRIPLE SHEET. from a quarter whose connection with the official $s notorious, naturally excites the utmost alarm and dis- gust, and it was high time for M. de Schleinitz to return, whose presence it is hoped will inspire his colleagues with more just and manly ideas on the great question which is now pending. No final resolution, however, will be taken till aher the arrival of the Prince Regent, who at Baden Baden, and is not expected here before the end of next week; but the fact that Baron Schleinitz remains in office would seem to indicate that the national party is again in the ascendant, and that the counsels of those timorous _ politicians who would urge Prussia on to a course that must end in a second Olmutz will not be allowed to predominate. It is confidently reported that the Czar will visit cither Berlin or Breslin in the H i Se : g fe 5 A e E poleon show any the concerns of Germany, and to back Austria in the conflict that may possibly arise be- tween her and this country. On Saturday last the funeral of Professor Carl Ritter took place amid demonstrations of the respect di universal to which the talents and virtues of the deceased entitled him. Ritter was one of the oldest friendg*and coadjutors of the Mlustrious Humboldt, whom he only survived a few monthg, and his great work on geography, though too voluminous for ener use, will always remain @ monument of bis untiring industry and unrivalled scien- tide {plas a He attained the eighty-first year re. ‘The yood people of Berlin have been very much dis- turbed lately by frequent burglaries committed in the suburbs by an armed band of housebr: Fs, Such houses Deing usually selected as were provided with balcoiiies, the doors leading te. which are generally left, unfagtened, it being thought that they are too high to be attempted by thieves; but the ingenious votaries of Mercury contrived to Ond their way up by ting ladders and poles from ‘unfinished buildings, which facilitated the ascent to their . bad eminence.” Among the tudividuals whom they chose for the object of their ‘polite attentions were the Court Jeweller Hossaner, two generals and two clergymen of the Lutheran church, who bear the title of superintend- ents general, Dr. Bochsel and Dr. Hengstenberg, both noted Puseyites. A nunnery of the Ursulines, too, was broken into, and a silver case containi the host ab- stracted, together with several valuable church utensils, For a long while all the searches of the police ‘were in- effectual, the housebreakers being remarkably careful in their operations, which they carried on with a degree of fecresy and circumspection that would have done honor to the heroes of the 2d of December. At length the police, making their rounds on Bellevue strect, in the Thier- garten, lighted by chance upon a suspicious looking person- age, whom they recognized as a very dangerous convict who had been condemned to imprisonment for life, but had been eat ag after a sojourn of a few years at Span- dau, the Prussian Sing Sing. On searching him they found upon his person a highly tempered dagger, loaded pistols, adark lantern and other implements of his pro- fession; and being now on the track, his accomplices were easily discovered. They were quite a numerous gang, consisting mostly of criminals who had been inmates the House of Correction, and after completing their term of puishment, had been let loose again to cgptinue their depredations upon the community. ‘The @@f receiver was a bird fancier, who had a whole store of stolen property, furniture, wearing apparel, and gold and silver plate of great value, a large part of which had been molt- ed down. Among the articles recovered were the gold watch of Dr. Bochsel, some of the church ornaments of the Ursulines, and a splendid set of jewels belonging to Madame —Hengstenberg. AS the. husband of this lady has made himself remarkable for his ascetic views of religion, and is continually preaching against the vani- ties of this world and the proneuess of our degenerate age to indulge in profuse luxury instead of emulating the sim- Plicity of primeval Christianity, and devoting all our earthly possessions to rvice of God and the relief of our fellow creatures, ircumstance of his better half paying 80 little attention’ to the doctrines inculcated by the reverend gentleman hes given rise to some hilarity, and not w few ill natured remarke are made on the sub- ject of Madame Hengstenberg’s jewelry. Our Venice Correspondence. ‘Vesior, Oct. 1, 1859. City of Milan—The Three Illuminations—King Victor Emanued—The Reman Deputations— Village and Battle Field of Magenta — Ride by Rail from Milan to Venice—Scenery—Austrian Oustom House— Fortifica- tions—A Guess at Why Louis Napoleon was Satisfied with the Victory at Solferino—Novel Entrance to Venice. ‘There is much in a city like Milan to invite description— its cathedral (the finest Gothic structure in the world), its churches (especially the one lined with the bones and skulls of martyrs from floor to roof), its Roman relics (particularly the sixteen grand Corinthian colgaaps in the Corso Porta Tosa, fronting the church of St. Lorenzo), the splendid gates, the arena of Napoleon, the theatres and forts. But these themes, interesting as they may be, do not at all constitute the subject of my letter. The city of Milan, whether usually quiet or unquict, has ‘ech for the last eight or ten days the gcenc of continu- ous excitement. Since the peace of Villafranca it has had a new political relation,and has received new life. For this fresh inspiration it has cherished filial gratitude toward its royal protector, Victor Emanuel, and has only been waiting for an opportunity to manifest this gratitude ina public manner. This opportunity occurred on Mon- day, the 19th ultimo. On that day the new King, Victor Emanuel, moved with paternal regard, visited Milan. By & striking coincidence, which should not pass by ‘un- noticed, our arrival happened on the same day. We were at firet a little exercised, lest the municipal display was on our account, but were soon relieved from all anxiety on that subject, by the information that King Victor Emanuel had just arrived—a statement by no means uninteresting to ourselyes—as we were quite will- ing for once to look upon “a live king.”” We wero ac- cordingly on the qui vite as to what might turn up. Our curiosity soon began to be gratifled, and still more, as the evening advanced, ‘While looking out from the tower of the grand cathe- dra] towards the setting sun, our attention was arrested by the sound of martial music. Turning in that direction, we saw the army at Milan, swelled now by numerous re- cruits from Magenta, Novara, Arona and the neighboring region, advancing in order towards the Piazza del Du- ons They were in their finest dreas, with burnished armor flashing in the last rays of the setting sun, and way- ing banners, and the proud step of the victors, keeping time with the music. It was a fine sight to look upon, especially from the summit of the Duome. They were marching to the Hotel Royal, to escort the King to the grand procession, which was forming from every part of the city to receive him. As the light of day departed, ten thousand “lesser lights” appeared in every direction. The city was illumi- nated. It was a royal festival in which all seemed bound to participate. The houses everywhere must have dis- gorged. The streets were literally crowded, and the pro- cession began to move. First the army, then the King and royal suite, and finally the grand concourse of citizens. The King rode in an open carriage with head uncovered. Everywhere, as the procession advanced, he was received with cheers from the balconies, and the waving of hand- Kerchiefs and flags, and with’ shoute from the multitades which thronged the streets. The procession halted at length in front of the Hotel Royal, where the King from an upper balcony made a brief address to the army and the people. To this the people responded with shouts of applause, and the army with the rustle of UR erything seemed to indicate the exceeding of Victor Emanuel ‘Tho shop windows and bool eis day were adorned with res of his At the most public Bed colors were displayed in honor, witb garlands and flatte: mottoes, and every one that heard refer to him spoke in terms of unqualified appro- bation. And this ‘feeling seems to pervade not only the city, but the country also. ‘Afterward, in up Lake Como, conversing with a gentleman residing near the head of the lake, he remark- ed, “We have been cursed long enough with iron ism. We have not dared to say our souls were our own. things are different now. We begin to breathe more freely fo jain. ?* rete ntlntonba heard the remark from per- fons of different, 8 i epi and private tor Emanuel is . He regards the wel ofthe peo- ple. We like him.” To be sure, at such remarks from the Milanese, the homely Proverb would intrude itself upon our recollection, “A new broom sweeps clcan.”? And we might have accepted this, as the philosophic ex- planation of this royal flattery, had we not met withlike expressions in the western as well as the eastern part of ‘Vietor Emanuel’s dominions—at Chamouny and among the Alps, as well as at Milan and along the Italian lakes, Tt is quite evident that the King is wishing to establigh better Jaws, and improve the condition of the people, which, doubtless, he will accomplish, if left to act freely, unchecked by restraint from abroad and undisturbed b servile adulation at home. He is probably too mucl obliged to Napoleon JJJ. on the one hand, and tao much ex- posed to flattery froin his own subjects on the other, to act with the greatest freedom or highest wisdom. people have 80 long compelled to flatter, that it has Become-a-babh ie however, to be hoped that the King has too much sense to be made giddy by praise, and the people have too much reason for their devotion to .be ELLs ol Judging from the demonstrations which I essed at Milan in favor of Victor Emanuel, and the £¢tes Napo- ‘Wonne at Paris, 1 ld conclude that the ular en- thusiasm at Milan more genoral than at Paris, and more hearty. Dui the past week this enthusiasm has had another one to manifest and relieve itself. On:Friday a deputation arrived at Milan, from the citi of crag ore Farenza, Imola, Forara and Cesena, This we, tation.” They came to consul matters of the highest political importance. It was mainly to sever their connection with and, uniting ina mutual Teague, offensive and defensive, form a confederacy with Milan under the protection of Victor Emmanuel. ‘This pro- seems to be variously regarded by the Milaneac, me, with perhaps deep yearnings for the gafety and in. terests of the Papal charch, opposing it vigorously; others an these constitute the great majority of the citizens of flan) sympathise with tho proposal, and have given the “deputation” a hearty reception. On Friday evening a grand illimninatign ocourred throughout the city. Even the great Cathedral (which for some myste. rious reason, hung out not a single light in honor of the hew King) nrrayed itgelf’ in a robo of light at the coming of ‘the deputies,” Its forest of pinnacles shoue with sur. parsing splendor, presenting a spectacle which it wore worth ® passage acroes the ocean to witness, purpose of an illumination, no building that | in the Eastern or Western world eqnais the Milan, At the public ¢ | were «is Duomo at qnaree the colors of the rent cities ed, ae well as the national vx me of Sar- dinia, brightly illuminated, and beautifully adorned with Geen and appropriate mottoes, while everywhere lazed forth the motto most significant of them all, ‘ Vive L’Unione.”? The concourse of citizens was not so great as on Monday evening, though it was by nv imcaus small, and the enthusiasm was general, J noticed that evening, and on Saturday, that the news- boys, with flery zeal, were hawking about the city the two great papers of Milan—representi Doth sides in po- litics. be Baers are named Jl and Del i dg and are about the size of an ordinary sheet of - cap. Yetthey are sought by the people with eagerness, and utmost avidity, While were watching everything and chat- ny verges on salary ad sung the Roman gered ci tess’ prosecutin; the purpose of their visit; while on the part of the citizans there seemed to be remarkable excitement. Everywhere. they were discussing the new proposal. About the streets pretty sees and ~ee cere meen. On Sun- la} plimented the tities’? wil dit om in the evening another il ti ‘ocurred, in oom respects surpassing the former, the. theatre ‘La Scala,” and accordingly the bri y illumi concentrated there. A large fountain was represented (all but the: water, which would not materially improve an illumina- Hon), There were circles of flowers and evergreens and circles of burning gas jets, alternating. Within this pyra- mid of circles sat the Royal Brass Band, with military dress and waving plumes, discoursing ining, masic. Abovethem was suspen ied a canopy of flowers, brilliant- ly illuminated and surmounted with a blazin, . The Whole fountain was surrounded with eight art trees. > bearing a countless number of sree bells (of divers. colors) capping as many brightly blazing lamps. Each tree. ‘Was surmounted witha biazing star. The theatre itself was brilliantly illuminated, and om the oppcsite building was the crown and national emblems, represented in pictures of light, and the name Victor Emanuel in letters of light, with the famous motto, ‘ Vive L'Unione.” The concourse of people was great—of all ‘Ages and conditions—men, women, children and priests, and the enthusiasm was immense. ‘While we sympathise most cordially with the general object of the deputation, and wish them the best of suc~ cess in their effortto sever their connection with the papal rule of Italy, and the formation of a new confederacy, we at the same time suspect this rejoicing to Le premature. We doubt their success. Indeed, we have just heard that a compromise is proposed. like this—that Venice be allowed a constitutional government; and on that condition: the rejected dukes be received back again by the petty States. We should be glad to see Venice with a conatitu- tional government, but should regret the restoration of the dukes. During the week we made a few interesting excursions: in the neighborhood of Milan. Que of these was to Ma- genta, to visit the battle eld. ‘The vilmnge is in itself qaite insignificant, go much go that it is not mentioned in the guide books. But the battle of the 4th of June, 1859, ha brought it into. notice. Itis situated on ‘the railroad direct from Novara to Milan, and therefore 4s easy of ace cess, o that all visitersto Italy may, if they choose without taking too much time or trouble, have a sight of the field. Nothing satisfactory, however, can be seen from the railroad; consequently the village is made glad by the arrival and detention of throngs of visiters, great- ly to the pecuniary interest of landlords and guides and traders in military relics. From what I could’ ascertain. ‘relics’? seem to be exhaustless—all genuine, of course. We did not indulge—not being highly blessed with a taste for such thinge— but we saw manythat did. “Guides” areas numerous ajmostas relics, all thoroughly 4 upin mili- tary affuirs, especially the history of the 4th of last June, both general and particular. Landlords and hotels are plenty enough for such a place, and mean enough for any lace. But this, I suppose, is one of the appropriate “trials for poor pilgrims,” a species of eclf-denial designed to aug- ment the impression and enhance the estimate of what. may be scen—on the principle that what is hard carned is dearly prized. * On the whoie.I presume that the people of Magenta rejoice that the battle was fought there, notwithstandin; the temporary damage to village and field. Satigtied wit our one night’s tarry at the hotel Marino, and our vain attempt to woo “soft slumber” in such a detestable atmos- phere, we secured the services of a guide at an early hour next morning. We remembered as we went forth that this attie was important to each party, both in numbers and consequences. There was a vast force arrayedj on either side; at least, for modern warfare. The Attstrian troops numbered 120,000. So that in all there were between 200,000 and 300,000 soldiers engaged in the battle. It was the first great encounter between these armies in their contest for empire. It was important to the Austrains to defend tho frontier of their own belt and keep out the invaders, and not dampen the,ardor of their soldiery by defext. It ‘was important to the“Allies to gain a victory in this first encounter, and thus secure Uden Sait the future and nerve the courage of their troops. ese and other cir- cumstances, especially Napoleon Il.’s memory of ‘the splendid victories of Napoleon I. in Italy, tended’ to make: ie struggle earnest and fierce. Everything*about the village and battle flela demonstrates. the severity of the enive wert first to the Campo Santo large burial ground ‘e went first mpo a arial grou near the village, enclosed with a high strong wall of brick. This had been occupied by Austrian troops. The: graves and thé turf had been rudely trodden down. The ‘walls bad been perforated for the Austrian gung and scarred and torn by the balis and bullets of the foe. Further ‘on we crossed the Ticino to visit the grave of a French officer—Colonel Jenelle, I believe. It is merely enclosed with wooden pickets, and honored with a frail cross of two transverse sticks erected upon it, bearing his naine. Thence along the Ticino, and through the fleids occupied: by the different armies as encampments, frouting upon: each other to the railroad, along which, on the opposite: sides, are large mounds of fresh earth, marked by Tittle crosses of sticks, where the soldiers were huddied to- ether in burial. ‘Caps, boots, cartridges, and other relics: of battle, lie scattered all around. The fields are everywhere disfigured—the crops and the vineyards more: or less despoiled. nie torares Magenta, we crossed) the Ticino on the railroad bridge. Six days before, om our way to Milan, we had noticed near the railroad bridge, a bridge of boats across the Ticino. But this, in the interval, had been removed. The contest seems to have been sharpest near Magenta, Between the village and the Geer Santo” is a large orchard, which was occupied by the cavalry; the ground had been rudely- trodden bare; the trees had been Barked by the horses, and scathed and riddied by shot and ball. And in the. village we noticed a number of buildings which wore the marks of the battle, some severely injured, and one large. brick edifice penetrated on all sides by cannon shot; it ‘was probably a rendezvous for the Austrians. No one can visit the battle field without carrying away a deepened impression of the horrors of war. Yet every )hilantbropist will rejoice that the result was so fayora- Ne to the cause of freedom. Pictures of the battle of ta are to be seen in al - most every street fn Milan. y are careful to mention the great force employed by the” Austrians and the great es on ae allies—four — ions captured, two 8, , Seven thousand Austrian prisoners, twenty thousand hors de combat. B Wit out stoppin to describe other excursions to the: country and. lakes, let_ mo give you a little account. of our ride by rail from Milan to Venice, We left Milan. at 10.50 A. M., and were astonished to find that the long although there train of cars was filled, almost packed, was nothing unusual to attract travellers. There seomed to be very many Italians, rich and poor, high and Jow. . I did not suspect that the common people in Italy indulged. in travel. On the contrary, there were as many of them ae of any class. Itseemed in the third class cars like a crowding of emigrants in Western trains in the United States—for instance, in the vicinity of Chicago. A For some miles there is little to attract especial atten- tion. The country is @ vast plain, covered with mulberry trees and Indian or broom corn, so that all scenery is either concealed or wanting. Indegd, it seems like a re: claimed swamp not. quite releved yet of trees, threaten- ing on the contrary to be At le reach overrun by mulberry bushes. in two towns, agaihet wo ith vines Then you reach Brescia, terraced against ‘8 high hitr, and almost as picturesque as Be ; After that, the mountains ewoep back in a cirels to make room fore beautiful lake. one bank stands Lonato, a very quaint’ little town, all walled in carefully, (we couldn’ = stand the reason, unless “aa yy rene + present confines of the Austrian _ terri and the other bank tho village. of Deeckeauia Hero’ is the Austrian Custom House, which we had been taught to regard with “fear and tr . We arrived at D. attwo o’clock P. M. They seemod quite d to receive us, safely, at least ere was an imposing ground the Cugtom array of th tailtary gia e YY guards ray House, to our suspicions, looking: 1A large company of travellers, chicfly English and Americans, with their Inggage, wero marched tone the hall for . wore authoritatively do- manded. for toes Incklons ts who were deat. tute. & gilt had We delivered up ours, on which Tee, en acig dere » by Jehn Lee, on the We He seemed to~ nr it with a us scowl. T suspect becat - Siaecly a better ig Cagle than the ational, Cate ot a he recognized it. as Perhaps it was because Amerigan. But, in either case, wo were self-reliant, for wo knew that our passport contained the Austrian vise. We bad paid John Ie for it once. For throe dismal pours Fewer Gotained at this little Castom use, to the great annoyance and rago, os of the ‘English, who, because of their supposed’ provera of the Austrian interest in the recent war, expected a aay transmission through the Custom House. Butthey fared no better than the rest of us, and some of thom were the last to get through. At length my name was anno Screwing my couragetto the -aticki point, | responded. by voice and presence, I was sarpriel bs the mfldness and kindness of the officer. He bad evi. dently been overawed by the American eagle, He asked only this very clyil question, whether “T vas mit compa- ny or mit mysel.’? aye quite_promptly in tho nf. firmative, or more definitely, “7 was mit. mysel,” T ficial tnpeped bewed into the for ™, baggage. Thad but little, and no ant Haying learned b Contents to their tegrity. Thoy did not even lay on it Austrian hands, aad With & professional amile:fadigaved, ther rstve aa emNe™ tion, and directed me to look the valise; and one of the officers, with remarkable condescension, arf in tightening the buckle. And all tpi fern on gratuituous. ‘i ‘on see Tam compelled, by my pleasant experience to epenk favorably of the Austrian Custom House officers, and this [noted down in my diary, ‘The only fault-I have to find is that there were so many travellers as to crowd the ‘hall, and too many Austrian soldiers using tho ball As. thoroughfare, much to the arinoyance of us candi~ dates for official inspection, At five o'clock P. M., in our places again in the oa! we were off for Venice, At Desengona and onward wi discovered, as we thought, a very significant reason W' louis Napoleon so suddenly paused in his care of victory, and so readily came to terms Ww a vanquished foe. Here and onward is one continuow