The New York Herald Newspaper, October 1, 1859, Page 1

PRO A OR A WHOLE NO. 8425. nt from ©. Tatnall Im porant Letter ma i -with, the chartered -tse, on her wi China, Mr. Ward, an of noe had repented to the government the re- interviews: Corresponeaco with te Clneso ‘at Shanghae. refor, therefore, subject vo far at is necessary to your understand: p which placed us in a very unex- {position on our arrival at the Peiho, and produced , reaults. i ra were those with whom our 7 Mr: Reed, concluded y and with whom he subsequently arranged riff at Shanghae, where they haye remained ever of visits between these commission- he latter was escorted by a number ines of our squadron; pape of Mr. Ward, but intende 24 commissioners, to whom greatest consideration. 4 that he was on his way to to oxchange Ireaigg which Iwas obligatory a ages do on or es the ith June, now reépliod that, having the treation, thoy must ee ener they could” ne teach from pe ome en stair Sag, ond that by xpected Popo natry eee 4 1 the ar? until ie ar Minister, Mr. Brace. to excl our treaty at evaded on the ground that the and they proposed to Mr. Ward that yemain at Shanghae until the arrival of tho Wi though doubting their sincerity, in a spirit ae a eee pated hs propos waiving the specified time of exchange. fu he on his arrival a day or two after, reourse with the commission- im the Brilah treaty forthe exchange and for excl and healed a dmesdacellig aah room ‘ Uneucceseful in endeavor to detain the British, ‘tw reopen at Shanghac, the commission- ‘apparently and despatched couriers (who Y assorted would arrive in a week) to Pekin to prepare — authorities for the arrival and reception all ters and their conveyance to Pekin, where treaties would be by @ special commission- to the Peiho. To this he consented, thereby to certain extent assuming the same platform with tho Iwill here remark that the sincerity of the Chinese QnisF 10 was much doubted at time, some of conrymen as declaring. that was t, a they were the wenen des San i by eins command a Mongol Prince of hig) i reputation, who Was Known to be yery hostile to ‘ereaties,”’ poowen 4) 7 Terined the anchorage off the Petho on the 21st lane, where we found the and French Ministers u feet. On my first interview with tho British Admiral, James i *Tearned that the Ministers (English and French) had announced to the authorities on hore the object of sheir visit, and that they should proceed by the river fo met ft Aa — OPO MORNING EDITION—SATURDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1859. I made the offer, which was thankfully and promptly ac- | Boiler Explosion at the Girard House— cepted. hile the boats were making fast to hawsers, which I veered astern, I insisted on Mr. Ward and his suit leaving the Toey-wah, and on board one of the junks, for reasons that will be. “4 i ‘He at first reluctantly. yielded, and teft ug, but soon re- turned in one of the boats, declaring that, as Toeyswan was his:shome and.was under fire with his approbation and concurrence, he- remain inher. I reluctandy yielded to bis it fm; ucla eagaged, to pay that the gallant sdtatval wes, dan. ‘vessel , tO gay gal was dan- gerously wounded, anddad but six men left. He (the officer) had two boaté sunk in reaching me. I towed the boats through the British line to within a short distance of the Admiral, whose flag was tlying on the Cormorant, Aes, Coating Vaart off, I retired to rear of the Hint, BANE gun boat, and anchored for the night. Pook this as it might enable me to aid the we , and should boats be sunk, to rescue their crews. After anchoring I thought of the admiral and of his chivalrous kindness to me thé day before, which, from an unwillingness to intrude on him when he was prepar- ing for action, 1 had in no — yet acknowledged. A therefore, with (Sf, lieutenant, Mr. Trenchard, went in my barge to When within a few feet of the Cormorant a round shot struck the boat, killod my coxswain, and snails, bre my flag lieutenant.” We fortunately reached the Cormorant before the boat en- tire) ed. Tround the admiral his quarter deck badly ing wounded. I informed bim ‘hat Thad ‘called to Dey him bg ce and to express my regret at his condition, A remainbing on board the Cormorant about ten minutes, I took adv of an English boat that was Passing to return to the Toey-wan. ‘The Cormorant after this wag sunk, and the admiral shifted his flag to a fourth vessel, the Coromandel (a thivg, I believe, unprecedented), thus evincing an in- domitable valor under very disheartening and almost hopeless circumstances, t duak, about 6; P. M., a desperate attempt was made, by landing from boats, to storm the forts, but they stood in an impassable morass, and the assailants were ropelled bine navy loss. ¢ morning following this day and night of slaugh- ter—the action still continuing, but feat more feeble and distant—I found that six of the English vessels were sunk and thatthe remainder had withdrawn toa more distant and safer position, from which they could easily retire out of gun-shot. I now prepared to return to the Powhatan with Mr. Ward, but first called on board the Coromandel to take leave of the admiral, and also on board the French gun- Doat, to inquire after the French commodore (Tricault) whom I had met on board the Cormorant when I called on the admiral, and who had subsequently been wounded. Ideferred my departure, by request, that I might tow it crag ships, at sea, two launch of the wounded reaching the Powhatan I again despatched the Tocy-wan into the narbor, in charge;of Lieutenant John- ston, (first of the Powhatan.) with or: to remain at the mouth of the harbor, out of fire, and to afford all aid con- sistent with our neutrality, ‘After an efficient perform- ance of this duty for twenty-four hours he rejoined me. rite ea oflcers with me in the Toey-wan on this. ger- re Captain Péarson, Lieutentit® Trenchard and Semmes, all of the Powhatan; and man Merchan, of the Germantown. The engineer officers were Messrs. ity and Archer. Captain A.'S. Taylor, of the marine corps, “#8 also with me. Ihave to thank them for their alous services: muy coxswain, John Hart, whose death I have to lament, was the gon of Jdéhn and Mary Hart, now living at Jamaica, Long Island. He was a widower, but hag left a youkg danguwr eight years old, T shall communicate ie sau event to his parents; and as fien-tain, on their way to Pekin, conformably with their “treaties.’* * ‘The Chineso had positively refused them the ascent of the river, the entrance to which they found very strongly K d, and across which several lines of barricades had constructed, ‘The Chinese declared that this river, which we had all navigated as the Peiho a year ago, was only one mouth of en-tsin river, and that there was another entrance piles to the north, which entrance was called the o, and was the point referred to in the treaties. hey insisted that the Ministers should remain off thig thern entrance untiithe arrival of the commissioners ‘Shanghae (which could not be short of two months), en arrangements would be made to convey them to by this route. itish and French Ministers, considering this an with a view to time to strengthen their |, had referred the matter to their respective na- rs, who notified the Chinese that if the ob- in the channel of the river were not removed 25th June, the day for the exchange of treaties, ould themselves proceed to remove them. Nill here remark that in the Chinese charts there is a li river ane, into the sea ten miles tothe north pg this, and w! » diver; gradually from the course the Peiho as you ascend it, has its source far in the in- ; Some twenty miles from its mouth it is connected a the river we know as the by a narrow creck, aid to be dry at low, and having but five fect at high fter due deliberation Mr. Ward and I decided to enter » river we had known as the Peiho in the sieamer Toey- n as far as the barricailes, gs though rant of ac- having been refused the English and French. If the should fire across our bows to, bring us to we would and communicate; if into us, having no guns, we ould retire and act ‘. ‘Twelve British and one French steamer, all small, had eviousl the bar, ai the mouth of river, just out of of the concentrated within gunshot batteries. ‘We entered the river in execution of our plan at 11 A. M. on the 24th ultimo, and through the British @quadron, without , pushed up towards ‘the barriers. At this time not a man was to be seen at the forts nor ‘® gun in an embrasure, nor, although flagstaffs wero on the parapets, was a flag displayed. There was nothing indicate that the forts were armed or manned. Subsequent events show this to have been a deception dambuscade, intended, I do not doubt (in the con- nce of their own strength and the small force of the Mish), to invite a conflict in order to annul the treaties Rast year. ead approached to within three hundred yards of frst barrier, at which point, should we not be fired Thad proposed anchoring, when we grounded, and in all our efforts to back off. The tide was falling , and our situation was critical, not only from the fa- iy with which the batteries might demolish us, but, as fh wore on the edge of a steep bank, from the probability the steamer falling over and filling. At this moment [ received from Admiral James Hope cttention and kindness which must piace me under ating obligations to him. Although he had reason to think that she would be fired pon by the forts, he sent a gunboat to my aid, with the neesage that had’ he known of my intention to pass up he would have furnished me a pilot, and that he expected o see me fired on. 20 be, ‘The gunboat failed in her efforts to extricate me, and | here bei’. as 1 have said,a probability of the Toey- n f gover and filling, the Admiral despatched a 1. .nboat to me, placing her entirely at my dispo- , with the handsome and generous offer that I should ‘on board of her the American ensign and my own personal flag. J declined the offer, with a just appreciation, however, f the personal kindness to myself and the delicate com pliment to our service. Toey-wan was more fortunate than I expected, nd a favorable wind haying sprang up, we got her off at h water. ‘About two bours after grounding we sent a boat to tho est fort with my flag licutenant, Mr. Trenchard, and he iuterpreters, to inform the commanding officer that he American Minister was on board the Toey-wan, on his y to Tien-tsin and Pekin, in accordance with our treaty nd > reat with the Chinese commissioners at Sh 0. ‘They were met at the landing by an officer professing o be of low rank, who said that his orders were to permit the removal of the -barriefs, and to fire on tk hve gy tad it; he believed that a high oflicer d ay ted to meet the ministers at the it there were no troops and only a few coun- forts. asserted, most falsely, as subsequent- ‘eters were allowed to got out of the ity-af conversation, they w ¢ in the evening, when I ob- served that the British were arranging themselves ap- parently for action. I therefore dropped down to the smouth.of the harbor and below tltem, 80 that my lights might not interfere with their signals; Q My position with their operatiane. The British in the night removed with their boats a Parag of the lower barrier, but the Chined¢ restored it the morning. At 245 P.M. on the 25th, the day specifledsfor the et treatics, the British stood up the river for je barricrs, Admiral Hope tcading im one of the gun- pats, ‘This whole force consisted of te a0 Fregth and three larger steame d despatch vessels, carrying in hey also had on board of some Chinese junks, at the outh of the river, a reserve of boats with seaman and gun-boats, including of a class denomi- On the admiral’s reaching the frst barrier the forts sud @only swarmed with men, anda terrible fre from very ibeavy guns was opened on him foom all the forts on both fides of the river. ‘Two of his vessols at this moment grounded near the spot the Toey-wan had grounded the day before. The British and French fought wi most, detsrmined Re: but fifteen minutes sufficed te show me, without a Me of success ‘The tire of the Chinese was directed with fatal was abiefly concentrated on 4 nd "38 nearest tohem. His fag vessel being disabled and her cut up, he shifted his flag to a second, and on hor meeting the £ate of the dirst, he again ch Cormongnt, ane of the larger (despateh) & jogwun the fire was concentrated en the Hag Adaniral this time, four P. M., several of his vossels had boon and it was evident to me that nothing could ena! f the gallant ut the reserve of boats and men at the junk; lime the tide was ranning too strong for the crowded boats t) stem. ‘The oliver in charge of theso boats now visited mo. He said iothing of aid, bot hie silent appeal was peaverti th the fow moments he wason board he would pxwuely, alternately at his Admiral aud at the ho Jet Theld a corsultation y ne agreed With me perfeetly that, unde inuces of our position with the English dmiral had tondered me de day be # than to tow the his relief. his child whom he au; ‘will be entitled to a pension, may I beg the favor of you, sir, as soon as the proper papers shall bo filed at the Department, to direct that the pension be issued without unnecessary delay Tart had been along time in the navy, having seryed under me fifteen beet ago. ‘The English retired this morning from the river, having recovered and brought out three of their sunken vessels and destroyed the re. Their loss is about four hundred and fifty killed and wounded, indluding twelve French, Eight officers are killed and twenty- wounded; among the wounded are the four senior officers, including the Admiral and the French Commodore Tricault. They attacked with about twelve hundred men. Tam, sir, with great respect, your obedient servant, OSIAH TATTNALL, Flag Officer commanding East India Squadron. The Hon. Issac Tovcey, Secretary of the Navy, ‘Washington. ANOTHER LETTER FROM CHINA. The postscript to the following letter from an officer of the navy to the Philadelphia is especially interest- ing, as containing tho latest inte! ice from the American expedition at the mouth of the river Peiho:— Usrrep Staras StkamEr PownatTaN, Ory THE PxrHo River, July 5, 1859. We are gradually consuming this “cumshaw” as we await the arrival of the loge) who should have been here yes terday. Perhaps he could not make us, for want of wind, as a junk has been in sight since yesterday morning, evi dently trying to beat up to our anchorage. Yesterday e English steamer Fury left for the mail, and now, ina few moments, goes also the French frigate. 1 shail not be able, therefore, to give you any later dates. The pre- sent impression on board js, that a pilot is close at hand to take the Toey-wan into an unknown entrance; that he has heen sent by the government; that to-morrow we sball have an interview with the Governor-General, and that by the 16th we shail have travelled by boat and sedan chair from the North Forts to Pekin. Thus, while the English and French will be returning South with their crippled ships and disabled crews, the American Legation will be on its way to Pekin, at the e: of the Chinese government, and without having fired a gun. I must co fess that this will surprise many greatly, but such is evi- dently the present aspect of affairs. Affairs in Venezuela. ‘THE CONSULAR BODY. {Translated for the New Yorx Hgraup from El Miliciano, of Caracas, of Sept. a According to information which we have received, it seems that Mr. Andrew J. Smith, the Consul of the United States in Laguayra, has been one of the stoutest support. ers of the rebel government of Gen. Aguado. Not only has he delivered to it communications from Puerto Cabel- lo which came addressed to Mr. Turpia, improperly break- ing the seals, but he has refused his protection to several American citizens who have been outraged by Agua- do, and has even induced a person named Briar, an American engineer belonging to the railway company of Petare, to form trenches, build barricades in the streets, and prepare artillery in such a manner as to make a fierce attack on the government troops. We have noth- ing to do with his conduct concerning the Americans, for this is a part of his ministerial duty; but we are informed that Mr. Turpia is very much opposed to the subject. But in regard to what he has done in favor of the rebels, we call upon the government to retire the exequatar of the said American Consul, and to dismiss him from the country. THE DIPLOMATIC BODY. {Translated for the New Yorx Hxraup from El Miliciano, of Caracas, Sept. 6. ‘The Veneruelans are completely satisfled with the con- duct of Senors Turpia, Orme and Romea, but we must say the very opposite in respect to Messrs. Levraud and Leal. This opinion, which is almost an unanimous feeling | in the republic, has very grave antecedents to justify it. The three first named gentlemen came te the country when Monagas had already fallen and society had begun to be | reorganized, after ten years of disorder, robberies and persecutions of all kinds. They have witnessed our efforts to save society, to secure purity in | the management of the public funds, to comply with our | obligations, to give guarantees to all; and far from putting obstacles in our way they have been generous and cir- eee with us. “We cordially express our thanks to | them. Messrs. Levraud and Ceal are contemporaries of the Monagus domination. Noone is ignorant of what oocurred in the legation of France xfter the 18th ef March, as well as the feeling which caused the fall of the tyrant of the | country. Hence arose our misunderstandings. Mr. Levratd has always regarded with antipathy the govern- ment which arose out of the revolution of March, aud, in as far as he could , he has been hostile to it, His present position in Caracas, which is very mournful, proves the trath of what we have said. Mr. Levraud is not on terms of friend- ly relations with the members of the government, nor with the Venezuelans, except a few of the revolutionary cirele. * * * * * * In the present state of our relations with the Ministers of France and Brazil—that is, if we desire to avoid new difficulties fn the future—the justice, the propriety and even the dignity of the nation, counsel that we, should give these gentlemen their passports, and inform their re- spective ernments of their conduct. We have the fullest c: nce that the respective cabinets of the Tui Jeries and San Cristobal will recognize our right to dismiss these Ministers, who are not agreeable to us, tho justice which leads us to this step, and the desire which animates ws to draw clover the relations of friendship which bind us to those two great Powers, Tax Deracation uy THE Hartrorp Savinos AssocianiaN—Tas Bonpamen Retkasep.—An interesting case has been on trlal before the Supreme Court of Errors at Hartford, growing out of the defalcation of Jolm W. Seymour, formes Treasurer of the Hartford County Sav ings Association. \The trustees gue Charles Seymour, Jr., Austin Dunham au, Henry Z. Pratt, who were sureti & for Seymour's fidelity fighe sum of $100,000. It appears heir bonds when Seymour was i and when his term of office expired he wagyre-elected, n Knew bond being required. In this way he was annually Nvelected until 1866. The sureties, not being acquainted With the law on the sub- ject, when the dof Seymour ¢ defalcation, supposed that they must the bond, and romised the trustees Afterwards, Waving learned now 'y refused to pay, ai! the presout suit The trustees claim int i bond continued mm ehould be elected Trex "rer; that at § construction had been —\ven to the by both parties, the directors, Mr. tes ete aa first © K usked uo new bond, aud the sureties have admit: heir lial ‘The bondsmen rv at lity at the tim Seymour abscond? ply that the inv: tment muat apeak tor it has a settled legal interpretation, and it matters not hat views the pari heurd bi pave taken of it. This case wus », who reserved it for the adyic t, andl it w lly tried before tat Judges Hinman, Ellsworth and Sanford as not given until yestor says thatthe defendants aro bond, which’ now amounts to $12,000, nt for the defer New Macon court at Th on the bench in this able One Man Killed, and Several Wounded. A melancholy accident, attended. by loss of life, occurred at the Girard House yesterday morning. About six o'clock A. M. the boilers used for Cook. ing and heating purposes exploded with a loud crash, instantly killing John Q’Oounor, a plumber,’ who was at work upon the premises, and severely injuring John Collins, the fireman. The force of the explosion was s0 great that the marble flooring of the barber's shop and reading room, on the next floor above that where the boiler was situated, was rent td pidces, All the glasswork in both ef these rooms was shattered to atoms. Two of the young men employed about the bar- ber’s shop were prostrated by the force of the concus. sion, but their injuries are of a slight nature. It was most fortunate indeed that the accident occurred atsuch an early hourvor else many persons might have been injured. Had the explosion taken place an hour later, when the barber's shop is crowded with the patrons of the house, the logs of life and limb would have been fearful to contemplate, 5 Pale The noise of the explosion caused the guests of the hotel to start from their slumbers, and for a few moments all was confusion and dismay. When it was found, how- ever, thet the danger was confined, and that there was no fear of the building taking fire, the boarders were easily perauaded to retire to their rooms. , An examination of the premises, made by the/potice and Mr. Hansen, the proprietor of the house, showed that the boiler bad burst into some half dozen pieces, The masonry and wood work surrounding the boiler, as well as all the partition walls within forly feet of it, were destroyed: The beams which supported the floor of the barber’s shop were split into fragmenta, and the flooring was forced up in several places. All the work ip tia room yas broken, arm sofas and dre Stands. were upeet, wun we doors leading into the reading room were blown off their Riggs ao, at was the force of the explosion. reading room was also the front window being blown into the strect, sash and all, but the furnitare ‘was hot injured in the least. The entire damage in the cellar and on the first floor is estimated at $1,500. The cause of the explosion has not yet been ascertained, but the engineer told a story to the police which seryes to throw some light on the subject. It seems that the boiler, which was manufactu by Messrs. Ray & Pollock, and had been in use about two years, leaked badly. ’ The engineer informed Mr. Hansen of the trouble, when the latter told him to call in deceased and him to stop the leak; on Thuraday he worked so that he thought it was hardly worth while to & home, so after finishing his labors at the boiler he threw himself upon the floor near by and went to sleep. He was slum- bering when the explosion took place, and being within a few fect of the boiler he was instantly killed. posed by the engincer that while deceased was working atthe leak he turned off the feeder, and ered ie to turn it on again when he had finished his work. water being thus shut off from the boiler it was not a yery difficult matter to explode it. roner O'Keefe visited the premises during the day, and made preliminary arrangements for holding an inquest upon of di eae to in attendance at the Girard Houge at ten o’clock this _morn- ing, when the investigation will be commenced. The fol- lowing named persons have been cmpannelied tg act as jurors:— Emanet R. Smith, 114 Chambers street. 3, D. Wannell, 133 Chambers street. ©. Taylor, 77 Christopher street. J. W. Condit, 51 t street. H. 8. Van Riper, 61 Laight street. yah Taylor, 13 West Twenty-fourth street. ‘T. J. Wills, 173 East Broadway. ‘The seene of the explosion was visited by thousands yesterday, Who could not pass the hotel without being at- tracted. The West Washington Market Contre- versy. SUPREME COURT. Before Hon, Judge Potter. Sept. 80.—The case was resumed this day at 10 A. M. Mr. Moses Ely, on behalf of the defendants, moved for a dismissal of the’ case on the following grounds:—First, because the plaintiffs, Taylor and Brennan, had failed to prove a valid lease from the State; and, secondly, because the Land Commissioners had no competent authority to granta lease. He contended that evenif the State proved its title to the land in dispute, it could not bring an ac- tion of ejectment against the present occupants. In the eye of the law the water still flowed where it had been filled in, and the waves still dashed against the bulkhead at West street. The State never had authorized the filling in, nor bad it accepted it. The counsel then quoted from the statutes in proof of his positions, and asserted that the right of the State to the substratum a navigable river ‘below water mark, and four hundred feet beyond, did not come Within the meaning of the statute, which referred to “Jands belonging to the State, liable to be leased by the Land Commissioners bee terms not exceeding one year.’’ The law required, moreover, thatsuch lands as might be leased should have improvements on them. The shanties erect- ed onthe land in question certainly could not be consi dered improvements; they were rade constructions that auight. almost be blown away by the wind. ic. Stoughton replied that erent the gentle- man who had preceded him resoh itself to this : that because the State had neither authorized nor accepted the Jand erected in the water, therefore it could not bring an action for ejectment. That was about the same as to assert that if he (the counsel) had a piece of property of his own, and on awaking some morning he should find a factory ‘erected thereon by some person, he could not eject the latter, though he was in fact but a mere trea- passer. The Courts, he said, had already decided the | question in the case of tho Health Commissioners against Moran, which was a case something like the present. The Court decided to deny the motion to dismiss, on the ground that another and higher Court woula review the matter, and that he preferred to hear the whole case be fore acting on so important a motion. Mr. Richard Busteed, the Corporation Counsel, then pro- | ceeded to open the case for the defendants. The city, he said, had a twofold title to the lands in dispute—the title by prescription, which could not be denied, and the title by grant, which, he contended, was proved by the Don- gan charter of 1686, the Montgomerie charter of 1780, and subsequent acts of the Legislature of the State of New York. The Dongan charter, he asserted, was the only public record which, in referring to the grant to the of 400 feet beyond low water mark, used the definite arti ‘That is,in all other documents relative to the matter, the de- finite article the was omitted before the words water mark— an omission which, he said, clearly proved that it was in- tended that the low water mark should be variable ac- cording as affected by natural or artificial causes. If, then, the city was authorized to build a bulkhead at West street, and in consequence thercof the water outside became filled up by natural acc om, 80 as to make low water mark outside the point it might have been at former periods, the city still had the right to all lands 400 feet outside this new water mark. ‘The Court suggested that if a similar charter had been cake to Jersey City, the Hudson might be choked up entirely. Mr. Busteed said it was impossible for Jersey ever to have a charter like New York. Ger) The Court stated that charters, like all other legal docu- ments, should be reasonably construed. If the principle contended for by the Corporation Counsel obtained, the city of New York might be carried clear into Jersey. Mr. Busteed—That would be a calamity, I admit, your Honor, greatly to be deplored. (Laughter. The Court intimated that the counsel need not argue such a strained and absurd construction of the charter. ir. Busted, therefore, took exception, and proceeded to the other points of his argnment, concluding after oc- cupying over an hour in his address. P John J. Serrill, City Surveyor, deposed—I have been familiar with the premises in dispute since 1849; at present, high and low water mark are identical; there is no map, chart or survey, which I know’ of, that shows where the low water mark was at the time the Montgomerie charter was made; if the low water mark as designated in the grant to Trinity church be cor- , the four hundred feet granted to the city from low ‘ater mark would terminate forty-eight feet west of the west side of second or West street; taking the low water mark as I saw it in 1847, four hundred feet out from West street, would reach to about forty feet from the front of the bulkhead. Messrs. Brewer, Wilson J. Hunt, Justus E. Earle and Dr. Randolph, all'very aged gentlemen, acquainted, some of them, for over fifty years with the vicinity of Washing ton market, next testified on several important points, after which the case was closed on both sides, and the Court adjourned until this morning at ten o'clock, when saat will sum up and Judge Potter will charge the jury. Evicipg or Mason Cuarwan at Op Porst Com rort.—By intelligence from Old Point Comfort we learn that Major W. W. Chapman, of the U: ss and connected with the artillery Monroe, committed suicide on Thesda cutting his throat with a razor. It app Ject to attacks of mental depression, and during the fo noon he sent for Dr. Cuyler, the surgeon, and consulted with him concerning his health. Subsequently he ap- ared on parade and review, on the occasion of the visit of Gov. Fioyd, Secretary of War. Nothing unusual or in dicative of the contemplation of the act that was so soon to startie the community was detected in his manner. About 1244 o'clock; after dismissal, Major Chapman went to his rooms ‘at the quarters, made up a pack age valuables, with his watch, &e., and took the pac! to the office of Capt. Carlisle, where he left it. Then returning to his room he remov his coat, cravat and boots, and it is sapposed stool before the mirrer, and inflicted two dreadful gashes upon his throat with a razor obtained from his dressing case. He then lay down upon the bed, and was found in that position dead about half past threo o'clock, The de ceased, just previous to the commission of the act, took leave of a lady friend who came up to this city in the Norfolk boat yesterday. Tt would seem that he then con templated the deed, as he bid ber an affectionate farewoll, rd declined accompanying her to the boat. Major Chap steomed for his many excellent qualities. sof Massachusetts, a entored the army and was made Major by brevet in y, and his widow, whio is in New hed concérning the distress) ri probably be taken to Massa —Buitinore Sun, Sept, 2 THE MAILS OF THE ASIA. MORE DETAILS OF. THE BATTLE OF TAKU, American Neutrality and Ame- rican Humanity, RUSSIAN REPORTS FROM THE AMOOR. The Boilers of the Great Eastern Injured. TALK OF RUNNING HER TO CHINA. CURIOUS FACTS OF THE PRUSSIAN CENSUS, Our London, Paris and Brussels Correspondence, &e, &e, &e, ‘The following interesting details of he latest news from Europe and China were brGaght out by the Aeia, and taken from our P= and London files, ‘The lettcrs of our correspondents in Paris and Berlin will be found valuable, The Manchester Guardian. of the 16th of September says — ‘We regretto learn from our reperter that the acide on board the Great Eastern was tore serious han was rn first supposed to be the case. In the first accounts pub- Ushed it was stated that notwithstanding the fearful na- ture of the explosion, none of the boilers had sustained the slightest injury. This turns out to have been a mis- take. ‘The internal stays of the boiler most directly ex posed to the force of the shock have either been displaced or greatly weakened, and iti now ascertained that the boiler cannot be used with safety in its present state. Our London Correspondence. Lowpos, Sept. 16, 1859. Opinions in London in Regard to the Accident on Board the Great Eastern—Mr. Scott Russell Responsible for the Bz- plosion—Out of Evil Oometh Good—Superior Safety of the Leviathan Demonstrated—The New Breach with China— Lord Palmerston and the French Ambassador Laying Out Plans of Operations—Gratyful Feeling Produced Among the English by the Conduct of the American Officers at the Battle of Taku, de., ec. The past week hag been one of stirring motion, On Sunday last all London was thrown into violent excite- ment by the astounding intelligence that a dreadful explo- sion had occurred on board the Great Eastern, and that many lives had been lost. While we were reading the next day these sad and unexpected details, the news began to spread that the Chincae had risen and driven back with great slaughter the naval cscort that had accompanied the English and French Ministers on their mission to Pekin. Yesterday and to-day we have received very full and exciting accounts of this unlooked for dis- aster, and you may suppose that all England is in a high state of commotion from the eudden occurrence of two mishaps of so serious a nature coming in the same week, and neither foreseen or dreamt of. There is little doubt that this news will create no small excitement in the United States, for your interest in the Great Eastern must be scarcely less than ours, while the perfidious violation of the late treaties with England and France must lead to results that will command your attention hardly legs than ours. First, a word or two about the Great Eastern. It is not necessary to quote the details or incidents of this distress- ing event, as you will of course copy them fully from the journals. ¥ will confine myself rather to what you will not find there, and that is, the true cause of the accident. With a view to screen the real author of the mischief, great pains have been taken to throw a mist over the origin of the disaster. It is asserted at one time that it ‘was owing to the donkey engines being out of order, and at another, that it was astop-cock not being turned off, andsoon. The real secret of the explosion was simply that Mr. Scott Ruseell, the maker of the paddle engines, took upon himself the, responsibility of surrounding the two funnels of the forward boilers with an iron “#’cket,”” or outer casing, to contain several tons of bot ‘vater, meant to warm. the’ grand saloon of the ship, through which one of them passed, as well as to feed the boilers, 80 a6 to economise fuel, Now, had this been the first experiment of the kind ever made there would have been little biame to cast upon Scott Russell; but what are we to say and think of the reci leesness of this well known mechanic when it is ascertained that this plan of an outer casing has been tried in numerous ocean steamers—both in the Cunard and Collins steamers—and has always ended in failure or mis- hap. Had this thing happened in France the author of the misfortune would have been cited before a criminal court; but in England another kind of punishment cannot fail to overtake him in the loss of the reputation he has hitherto enjoyed. The damage to the Great Eastern exceeds £10,- 000; but Scott Russell has readily offered to repair it all for half the money, and to have the “‘big ship” ready for sea again in three weeks. There is a deep and universal feel- ing of regret that so untoward an accident should have cast a momentary gloom over the brilliant dawn of this magnificent vessel, yet public confldence is not shaken in her future, Everybody was naturally struck by the extra- ordinary fact that the tremendous explosion had so little effect upon the leviathan that all her engines; both paddle and screw, went on working as smoothly and as steadily as if nothing at all had happened. She didn’t mind itany mare than a whale would the single stroke of a harpoon. She went quietly but rapidly onward, unconscious of the blow. In three weeks the Great Fastern will be ready for work again, and, as if indignant at the stain cast upon her grgat name, she will fly across the Atlantic in & way and at’a speed that will astonish and delight the nautical world as well as ‘‘the rest-of mankind.” ‘Now for a remark or so about the extraordinary news from China. It is evident enough that the Chinese govern- ment had made up their minds that Pekin should never be humiliated by the presence of the English and French Ministers within its portals, the faith of solemn treaties notwithstanding. They employed the most direct means certainly, to prevent this, by stopping up the channel of the Peiho, and by constructing forts upon its banks which were manned by heavy artillery. But how stupid and besotted must be these treacherous barbarians to dream that they may play such bloody tricks with impunity. They will pay dearly for their perfidy, and it ts well for the sake of civilized nations that they should. ‘The Prime Minister, like all the rest of the world, had retired to his ofium cum dignitate in the country, antici- pating a short respite from his hard labors; but this very startling intelligence from China has brought him back to town in hot haste, and he is in constant communication with the French Ambassador. Both nations mean to put forth their strength, and will give the Brother of the Moon such a specimen of their terrestial power as will effectually cure his Celestial Majesty of his eccentric taste for firing cannon through treaties and_ stopping a friendly embassy with a cheyaux de frieze. It is undecided yet whether the Allies will send out a large land force, wgh a view to march on Pekin, or whether they will confine themselves to seizing and holding all the seaports of China. In the former case England will send a large army from India, composed chiefly of natives, and so make the barbarians fight cach other, to the manifest ad- vantage of the Christians, who will survive to profit by their mutual destruction. ‘There is but one sentimont, of angry censure, pro- nounced here on the rash and headlong behavior of the English Admiral, Hope, who commanded the flotilla escorting the Ambassadors. He made the enormous mis- take of despising his enemy, aud bitterly has he paid for it. His utter contempt of all military principles is a dis- grace to his cloth. It is generally believed here that Russian officers in Chinese costume directed the fire against the English fleet. The aim was too good and steady for John Chinaman, unless he has made marvel- lous progress in gunnery in a few brief months. We shall see how he shoots hereafter. Let me not neglect to say that the English people, high and low, are deeply touched by the noble, gallant and humane conduct of the officers and men of the United States vessels of war who were present at the fight, forming the escort to the American Minister, Mr. Ward, who was also on his way to Pekin. Of course they could take no part in the con- flict; but it is said that the blood of the Americans present boiled up to fever beat to be compelled to stand idly by and see their brethren in color and language mercilessly slaughtered in a cowardly ambush. This event, painful as it may be, will lead to some beneficial results. It will warm up the somewhat torpid alliance between England and France, and, besides this, it will convince incredu- Jous John Bull that his lineal descendants, the Yankees, are by no means so insensible to the ties of common blood, and mutual interests as he is too prone to thitwk at times, Loxvow, Sept. 16, 1859. The Accident to the Great Eastern—A Life of Engineering Blunders—Renewal of the War with China Russian Relations with the Celestiats not 00 Plocsant as Supposed — Sydney Smith's Awiom in Regard to the Asiatics the Prue Policy of the Christian Nations—China in the Tine of Marco Polo more Oiritized than at Present—A Cru sade Necessary Ag slern Barbarivm, de., &o. For the prosent the Great Eastern ig smasagd up. Jue engineers have shown their metal, or rather the explosion has blown their metal to pieces, and now if the managing directors have any mettle of another sort the public and the shareholders would like to gee it. I am not very forci- bly impressed with the good qualities of the direction of this company, but they may, after a long chapter of acci- dents, develope the property and make it @ paying con- cern. The trial trip has utterly broken down. That was to have been ready to start to-morrow, and tickets had been taken allover England. Passengers were to have been on board to-day; but up to this moment not a single word in the shape of an advertisement to their customers has the company put forth to announce that the trip will be postponed. It is, however, a notorious fact that the ship will not be ready for sea for a month. Mr. Scott Russell has contracted to complete the repairs caused by the explo- sion in three weeks, that is, provided the boiler ie not in- jured. The company is receiving six or eight hundred pounds a day, in half crowns, from five or six thousand daily visiters that flock to see the unlucky monster. Who can tell what shall be done with the monster ship? It's as easy as lying. What wants the Great Eastern, perfectum et pulchrum, Without a “blow up” o'er thé ocean to hcave tor?” If the great weight, and the seaboard her fulcrum, Tis plain asa pike staff: she just wants—a Laver | The only way the directorg can over face their share holders, and make £5 éxcuse for not chartering the ship Mr. Iver, will be to postpone the trip and turn the veseel’s bow towards the East, the original and natural destination for her services. How those services are to be paid for remain to be seen. But the ancient Cathay, the “farthest Inu,” the diamond region of Golconda, the spice islands, the gold of Ophir—the region that enriched a Marco Polo—the largest, most populous, most wealthy and most ancient quarter of the globe—the land of spices, drugs, teas and precious gems—the region most renowned in Scripture, fable, mythology, poetry and song—the land that excited the cupidity of the Greeks, and then over- threw them by the corruption engendered by the wealth it furnished them—the land that by its commerce has built up all the nations of Western, Eastern and Southern Europe, and overturned many of them by the richness of the spoil they procured—the land that has fed the corsairs of the Cyclades and the land pirates of Tartary—thia gor- geous and magnificent region must, say the modern ‘Timons, furnish business and cargo for a ship the like of which has never been seen since Jason’s expedition for the Golden Fleece. ‘The carcer of this ship so far is an epitome of the po- litical life of John Bull. He forgets what Saint Paul said about fables and endless genealogies. They are very apt to believe that a man is clever, or ought to be, because his father was before him. George Stephenson was a man of great ability and @ great engineer. His son Robert has made himself a name by a species of tact in appropriating the talents and labors of shrewder men than himself; but men that were born without title or po- sition, and without a silver spoon in their mouths. Bru- nel, the elder, who built the Thames tunnel, was a vision- ary schemer, but an engineer of great ability. The pre- sent Brunel, the son of his father—but no more like his father than I to Herculee—the man who undoubtedly origi- nated the idea and plan of the Great Eastern, has spent his life in carrying on a series of gigantic blunders that would have bankrupted and ruined a people possessing more than the resources of the United Kingdom, provided he had the wer and position. He commenced with the Great Wes tern Railway, and the broad gauge principle of that road bas cost the stockholders many millions that they would not have lost but for this wild experiment. He built the Great Eastern, and then, with all his ingenuity, could not get her into the Thames without a series of ca- sualties and blunders, involving a loss of several lives and an expenditure of £80,000, more than one-fourth the sum the ship ought to have cost, and more than it would have cost to construct a dock to build her in, out of which she could have floated. He then ose circular steam-chests round the smoke }» against the advice and remonetrance of every sensible person connected with the ship. He made a stop-oock at one end of the chest that was turn to a full stop: and then he made a safety valve at tho other end that his ‘subs’ could not or would not use. He then made a donkey engine that was 0 imperfect it could not be used—this probably out of sheer jealousy, for he doubt- Jess wanted to be the only perfect donkey connected with the ship. Having got the mine loaded, and the ship fairly under way, with a large number of guests on his assistants, in elaborating and carrying out his gan. iped_six or seven tons of water into the circular iit an enormous fire at the bottom, and, asa matter of course, blew a hole in the ship as bigas a’ melting house. There was not one single link wanting in tae chain of events and concatenation of circumstances, from the first project of the steam chests to the grand climax, the explo- sion—equal to that of two tons of gunpowder en: in iron—exactly in the centre of the grand saloon of the vessel. The only good fortune—I may say tho only miracle—was ae rn Oe eecontond tha be of some good angel who step an rged the pas- nengers, Koop every one out of the main cabin at the time of the dire catastrophe. Had the inventor been in a physical condition that would have permitted him to be on board at the time, he probably would have been seen sitting on top of the smoke pipe, looking down into the fires that roared beneath, contemplating his grand ex- periment that culminated in the blowing up of the largest ship in the world. Icannot say whether your corres- pondent will venture to go on the trial trip when the great ship makes her first essay on the broad ocean, but belicvimg you will be unwilling to pay the premium that would be required to get his life insured for a reasonabie sum, he has faint hopes of being able to entertain your readers with an account of the voyage. In your files you will obtain an account of the disas- trous renewal of the war in China. It does not look ex- actly like money making out of the East. India, under the old piratical rule of the Fast India Company, got up asuccessful rebellion that seemed to thwart the best efforts of the Company's officers. Then Queen Victoria and her Parliament quietly stepped in and took the whole country, with its 150,000,000 of people, into the keeping of the British nation. The Indian treasury is bankrupt; the public debt $500,000,000; a great majority of the people hostile to the British rule; the climate of the commercial portion deadly to European constitutions; and the only article that can be made to pay is opium—an article the sale of which is prohibited by law and treaty on the entire frontier of the Chinese empire. On the heels of all this we have the new and_ successful rebellion on Peiho. The British officers complain badly of treachery on the part of the Chinese in the means they took to repulse their enemy. All the treachery I can see is the refusal to carry out the treaty. The defeat was merely a piece of military strategy, wherein the Chinese were too strong for the English; and, in the expressive language of one of the few survivors (Licutenant Purvis), the latter were ‘‘potted like crows,”’“‘licked,’’ “smashed” and ‘‘chawed up.”” Other news from China comes via St. Petersburg, and corroborates the bad accounts lately received from Pekin. Isend you portions of a letter extracted and translated from a Russian paper, showing that the Russians them- se ves, with their Ambassador at Pekin, do not have al- ways the sweetest possible times. Though a Russian am- bassador has been tolerated at Pekin for a few. months, an old Chinese law had been revived, in accordance with which all other Russians trespassing upon the frontiers of the Celestial Empire are to be put to death at once. Now look at the present state of the commercial world. Brazil has now got to be almost a first class Power among the nations of the earth, with steamship communication direct or indirect with the West Indies, United States, Great Britain, France, Spain aud Portus France has colonial possessions in the East and West Indies, North and South America, Madagascar and North Africa. The United States has a vigorous and growing empire on the shores of the Pacific, with a commerce fretting for expan- sion among the barbarians of Western and Central Asia. Russia occupies almost a complete belt nearly around the world north of latitude 45 degrees, beginning at si of Bothnia, extending across the continents of Europe and Asia and into the heart of North America. Besides, superior to, and surrounding all these, the victorious flag of England, wreathed in the appropriate colors of red and gold, and carried with a stalwart hand, encircles the en Ure globe, while British ships, British messengers, British mail bags, British goods and British ambassadors pene- trate every land and sea that the sun shines upon. Look now at the common right of a highway—a it sacred nations as to individuals in every land—a right that la at the foundation of all others—and then look at the rights and obligations guaranteed by solemn treaties by both Chinese and Japanese—look at all these things, and tell me what is the duty of the co mercial and Christian nations that I have enumerate Should not these nations make common cause, offensive and defensive, and, peaceful or warlike, as circumstances may demand, compel these Eastern barbarians to respect treaties, acknowledge the natural spread of population, civilization, er lgarne 2 and commerce; act humanely towards innocent travellers, peaceful merchants and ship- wrecked mariners? No sooner does the world learn of the vast deposits of gold in California and Australia, than tens of thotsands of Mongoliaas swarm like locusts to the mining districts to gather the precious dust. What claim have these great Eastern nations to exclusive- ness? Why cannot Russia, Great Britain, France and the United States fnsist’ upon the establishment of a chain of commercial stations, supported by military forces of these different countries in connection with the Chinese authorities, and have these eommercial stations extend from the Black and Caspian Seas on the west, to Pekin, Nankin and Shanghae on the east, and from Kiachta on the north, in Russian Siberia, to Canton and British India on the sout! As Sidney Smith once said—I quote from recollection 1 go for declaring war, and compelling every nation in the world toatlow me and every other peaccable traveller to walk up and down this beautiful earth, wherever I choose to go, provided I pay my way, and mind my own business.” You might say that such an arrangement as this would savor too much of the Austrian’s rule in Italy, or that the lion’s share of the commerce would fall to Russia and Great Britain. If the United States, with their vast commercial enterprise, their growing em- pire, and the gold coaston the Pacific, could not hold their way in China and Japan, they deserve to be outstripped in the race. The Christian nations I have enumerated eom- prise a population of 160,000,000 of people, and #2 among minor (bristian ations at least 100,09e. Christian mission: or mid visit by the Sap os to Jerusaiem dynasty, a stae of dings evineing u ngher yhasty, a state ev: a zation, a more complete mail system, aud political arrangements, than have existed for der the present dynasty of Chinose empere trol their dominions dictate to re hdr. as the infamous Yeh a complete chain itary, commercial on all the long routes throughout the empire. thene were relays of horses, together with, ¢ for the accemmodation of mail officers, and even Ministers of State. U1 a to locomotion and all “pargnaaty ‘S penny post no system. times has equalled ‘thet @ the "Tartars y cannot and in fact something mi It is vain to say that we and travellers from Chri nations, when wrecked, | tected, and not murdered, tend that it is no offence nigance of when we find a b Bible, and trampling on it with cogtempt, the sacred form of cross, formed into an ment of torture and execution, to slay Christian soldiers and missionaries. I think we have @ teach these barbarians that such atrocities cannot he per- mitted, Ithink all people, Catholic and Protestant go to the Bible for the foundation of their faith, right to combine to protect themselves aud their’ in the lawful pursuit of their deaires and ooct whether they be trade, travel, reoreation or vestigation. I kmow of no reason why we shot preach a new Crusade. On the site of Solomon’s andon the bill of Calvary, Mohamedans and epurn Christian missionaries, call them dogs, trample! Bible, and, whenever they please—as at murder Christian missionaries. If it cost ope hundred thousand lives, the holy city of Jerusalem should be wrested from the Turks and Arabs. If it five hundred million Christian dollars a railway should built from Smyrna and from Abydos to the mouth of the Euphrates. Give me the locomotive: that is your great , peacemaker, your civilizer, Christian missionary. If it be not a missionary, itcan at all events carry a thousand missionaries on its back, and it is useless for Jealous bar- barians and envious horses to cry out “Nay.” Let onco the locomotive and the express rider penetrate Gentra! Asia, and the days of Jeddah and Petho victories, are numbered. ‘There is now some talk of sending the Great Eastern to China. I positively believe. if the British ment were to send the mouster Chinese waters—not into the shallow waters with seven or eight thousand soldier., and hundred cannon, with two or three tnougand der, shot and shell as freight—I believe this tic junk on that coast would do more to the bullies than anything John Ball In the slow and do- have no idea that he will ble. He will be more likely to driblets, and sacrifice thousands of lives, than make one Leathe saab tne good of anes campaign. i pounds accomp! a . At apy rate, we shall see—what we shall see, tothe sang froid of the Americans during the iate discom- fiture of the British in the Chinese waters, had been received with something like dissatisfaction here. But it is very agreeable to be able to state, from communi- cations of a late date from China, that the report iteelf is altogether without foundation. None but a Frenchman would have put implicit faith in a tale which told of America’s sons standing with folded arms while the common blood of her sires was shed iu her presence by the arms ef treacherous barbarians. sen The Pairie, whose semi-official character required & more dignified line of conduct, publishes the following letter from Shanghae, which, as it is short, I reproduce~— lant Weer fet eas roper and dignified. evening before prea ‘Commodore, Tatnall, offered to the English Ad- miral to send his contingent of marines, as he had with him only a corvette and an advice boat. The offer wag made cordially, although, perhaps, somewhat tardily, and it was not, th }, ACCE| But on the following day, ag soon as the action had commenced, the American advice boat kept in the first rank of the ‘veasels, not , it is true, but moving about wherever ehe thought her services would be useful, picking up the the gun’ roughly handled, whenever she eaw from their manceu- vres that they were embar: |, and keeping with steadiness and courage her place of honor near the Eng- lish. It appears, when Admiral had first entered into communication with the authorities belonging to some of the ports of the river and been refused a passage, a Mandarin had recommended him to to another arm of the Peiho, about ten miles distant, where they could go up a long way, and when they were obliged to stop short in ascending the stream they would be joined ‘by the two Chinese High Co }, Mandarins of the first rank, who would accompany him to Pekin. After the unfortunate attack the American Minister, Mr. Ward, who had in the first place refused to believe in the existence of another arm of the river practicable for vessels, sent to reconnoitre the said branch, and has veritied the exactitude of the account given by the Mongols of Taku. At the hes - moment when the Allies left Pecheli he was preparing for a second survey to ascertain, with the aseistance of a Chinese pilot. who had been promised to him by the Governor of tho province, whether the new arm be navigable for his advice boat as far as Tein-tsin. Since that time no infor- mation of the movements of the American legation has reached Shanghae. It is quite poesible that the renewal of the Chinese war may prove, like the folly of the Austrians in crossing the Ticnio and attacking Sardinia, another of the Emperor Na- poleon’s godsends. The man, indeed, seems to float ever on the waters of other people's ships. No doubt he willbe only too happy to send his fleet side by side with that of his “ powerful ally”? to the Yellow river, and once more prove his indispensability, or it may happen that, mindful of former sensitiveness, he may instruct his admiral to show less haste in grasping the lion’s share of the victory, for the fate of Central Italy hangs trembling in the balance, and another occupation of his ‘ powerful ally”’ at the pre- sent moment iz desirable. As I surmised, the Emperor Napoleon has gladly availed himself of the occasion to unite his forces once more with those of bis ‘powerful ally.” The semi-oflicial Constitu- tionnel scouts the idea put forward in the London Times, eo - English would avenge the aifront single handed if n . A pretty general belief is entertained among well in- formed classes that the extraordinary military discipline displayed by the Chinese on this oceasion is none of their own. Reports received by the Chinese mail from French- men state a suspicion, almost amounting to a certainty, that the Russians are at the bottom of it all; the perfect reticence displayed by the enemy, theaccuracy of fire and superior strategy, are inconsistent with the former conduct of the Chinese, and it is known that it is henceforth writ- ten in the book of the Russe that wherever and whenever be can he must deal a blow to the Saxon invaders of Se- bastopol. Now that the French are about to render their “indispensable” help to the cause, it is generally conjec- tured the Chinese will be left to themselves, for Rus- sia, it would seem, can go to war also for ‘an idea,” and when her mission }s accomplished leaye her protégis to fight for themselves. The Kmpcror Napoleon, we are informed, up to the last moment before quitting St. Sauveur, did not cease to em- pry, himeelf in works of beneficence. For the of 2 be left a sum of 1,000 francs, and a like sum for thas of Carteret. Their travelled post in an open carriage and two horses. At Argeles the Emperor, passing through, left 20,000 francs towards fini church. At Betherran their Majesties alighted to vine service, and received the sacrament; and one curés having apologized for the omission of the chant of “Domine Salvum,” in consequence of the chi having lost its organ during the disasters of the first lution, hia Majesty promised to send one, and left at th same time 1,000 francs for the poor. to have produced the happiest effect on the imperial cou- ple, the Emprees haying taken sixteen, the Empror seyen- teen. ‘The Princess Clotilde has left Paris for Switzerland, to join Prince Napoleon. The Prince, after having ascended the Puy-de-Dome, two days back visited St. Etienne, whera he devoted several hours to examinit zeriand. Meanwhile, Garibaldi is_ busily doing everythin; power to screw to the sticking piace the Italian mind. The Journal des Débats avers that it warmly approved fhe peace, but as criticism was not permitted it conceived that approbation should be left to sources whence it wag Sure to flow in abundance—addresses, &c. But approba- tion, in fact, went so far beyond the attempt at explana- tion, that it was the Emperor himself who broke through the univerral silence, and explained the peace of Villafran- ca with the greatest frankness, and with the ness, saying what those who were peace would bave wished to say, re) Jndiciously, taking on himself alone ‘which suited so important a subject. No the Débats speaks by authority /and that, at mare which for seven long years has bosom of Thought, is, by the duced: it, about to disappear. such prove really the fact. The: ing in the way of language at {hs