The New York Herald Newspaper, August 15, 1859, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. OFFICE N. W, CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS- | oF $1 Bt per annem. Pye PAMIL) "EREALD, on Wadnandoy, at four cone por ct or Gm mem ae otek PONT aus, comeat-dng (mportand ed frm se Se Seat “ees Per wut Tuauseray wo Beal aus we Pace ar ONC ROTCR taken of cmomgmows correrponasmes, Woda nds Peturn joations TUMCTIREMENTS renewed every dag; adverHsements tn sorted ie Puen erie unity Wansty. and tn the a INTLNG accused with neatness, cheapness nd de Wokama RIV 20... sceceeereceen eres ones Oe BBS ————— LSS ANUSENENMS THIS EVENING. NIBLO’S GARDEN, Brosdway.—Ero.vrioxs ox Tuk Nout Korg—PoxcaiwErve - Goransat. WERY THEATRE, Bowery.—Wak Eaciy—Roneer scan Pixe’s Peax. WaLLAOE'S THEATRE, broacway.—Mr Two Fatuess— Lait Roonn, NATIONAL THEATRE, Chatham street.—Mazerra— Jesnr Lixo, A MW’S' AMERICAN MUSEUM. Broadway.— After pea Ronan Curia: Mivst aaricurn, Breciag PUANS OF BWITZERLADD—BAVAL ABTIZANS, ‘WOOD'S MINSTREL BUILDING, 861 and $68 Broadway— Eraioriax 50NGs, Dances, &c.—Dawon any Pytuiss. BRFANT'S NINSTRELY, Mechanics’ Hall, 472 Broad vay— ruacaune, Boxes, Lancis, AQ--SAWDUSE ACRODATS, PALACY GARDEN AN! HaLL, Fourteenth etreet,~ Comeser ann Somes Dancarte, ‘The News, By the arrival of. the Vanderbilt at this port on Baturday evening we were put in possession of the details of the Furopean news to the 4th of August, telegraphed from St. Jobns, N. F., after the City of Baltimore was intercepted by the news yacht of the Associated Press, published in the Heras on Saturday morning. Although the ad- vices by the Vanderbilt were thus antic ated, our files contains some very interesting extracts, the first instalment of which was given yesterday and the remainder this morning. The prospect of ao unfriendly feeling between Prussia and Austria, in the German Confederation, looms up strongly. Ita- Jian affairs seemed more complicated than ever, and the only leader there having a defined position and seemingly an open and straight course was Gari- baldi. Our St. Petersburg correspondent, writing on the 25th of July, states that the people there were greatly and disagreeably surprised at the annoance- ment of the treaty of Villafranca. Napoleon’s popu Jarity, which had stood very high inthe city, wason the wane,as the inhabitants thoucht that Austria had not been sufficiently humiliated. It was said, however, that the Czar did not share in the feeling, 4&5, previous to the treaty day, an active correspon dence had been kept up between his Cabinet and the Russian Ministers in Paris and Vienna. Russia wished for peace in Europe for at least a space of three years, when her internal reforms of serf liberation, finance and railroads will be completed The Russian Ambassadorto Pekin had enjoyed a most splendid reception. Government and the people were very proud of the frigate General Ad- miral, the latter learning all about her proportions from her description published in the New Yorn Beraxp, and copied into the Morskoi Sbornik. The Archduke Constantine had left for Spithead, Lcnidon and Cher » ourg. The Overland Friend of Onina, in an article re- ‘erring to the great rebellion in China, remarks that there was no very clear evidence that it would Bacceed, or no great that the government wonld be able to subdue it. A letter from one of the provinces in partial possession of the rebels Btates that the insurgents were publishing the Bible or certain parts of it, demolishing idols or certain Budhistic images, opening schools, ke. It is said, however, that the insurgents have imbibed gross errors, and that the Bible printed by them is the version of Gutzlaff, in whole or in part, in which his phraseology and that of others are blended per- plexingly. The Granada arrived here yesterday morning, from Havana, with dates to the 8th inst. Nothing of importance had occurred there from the time of the sailing of the Quaker City. The new Sunday order issued by the Superinten- dent of Police, which went into effect yesterday, produced a slight change as far as relates to the Bale of intoxicating liquors on Sunday. There were Zewer liquor saloons open than on any of the past few Sundays. Various city hotels and public houses on the Bloomingdale road, which heretofore pub- licly kept their bars open, had the same closed. No interference was made with the lager beer naloons or sacred concerts. The day was remark- ably fine, although rather warm, and hundreds sought refuge and recreation in the Central Park, Jones’ Wood, and other places of resort of the toiling thousands, who, pent up during the week, look upon the Sabbath as a day of relixation andas @ means of enjoying the fresh air ond pleasurable wensations derived from a stroll into the green shi fields and shady recesses of the country. The Richmond Grays ateended divine service yes. terday morning at St. John’s church, where seats had been reserved thon. They wore fatigu pantaloons. After the re- turned to their quarters. the public institutions, escorted by the First and Sixth companies of the Seventh regiment. The war upon hog owners and bone boilers has at length reached Brooklyn, where active measures are being taken to abate those nuisances. Up- wards of fifty arrests were made on Saturday. Some of the parties arrested were oxtensively en. gaged in the hog business, owning in some instances from a hundred up to a thousand hogs. The num- ber in Brooklyn has been greatly increased of late, owing to the foray upon the piggeries in the upper ‘wards of this city by the police. A war upon goats has also been inaugurated in Brooklyn, whose po- lice for some days to come will have a lively time in abating nuisances. News has reached St. Louis, by the arrival of the steamer Spread Eagle at St. Joseph, of a san- guinary fight between the Sioux and Aurakaras Indians on the 22d ult. In this engagement up- wards of forty savages were killed, and as another hattle was expected to ensue between them, the Probability was that the weaker party would be exterminated. The Spread Eagle reached a point fon the Missonri 550 miles higher than had pre- viously been attained by steamboats, and 850 miles above the month of the Yellowstone. The New York yacht squadron left Newport yes ferday morning for Holmes’ Hole. The Haswell arrived at Richmond last evening. Of the heads of departments at Washington only three are present at their Posts—namely, Secre- taries Cass, Toucey and Holt. The health of the Secretary of War is said to be improving. The sales of cotton om Saturday embraced about 1,200 Dales, the market closing without animation at about 42 cents for middiing uplands. Tho higher grades con- tinued to be held with firmness, Flour weg again heavy ‘and lower, especialy for inferior and common grades, Southern brands we uneettled and prices irregular, with 8 fer amoun. , tales. The wheat market was without hange of importance; inferior grades were dal) and casier, Now prime red and white were in good demand at steady Aticea, Corn waa heavy and lower; round yellow egl4 at 3 ccommoda- ‘kets, caps, and white NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY AUGUST 15, 1859. | aoc, and Weatern mixed at 753¢0, 8 760, Ports waste fair de- | mand, with sxise of meas et $13 8756 a 814, not prime at 99.873; 0 810. Beet was heavy, while lard continued to be freely held. The eales of sugars comprised about 1,100 a 1,200 bhda, and 600 boxes at steady prices, Cof- tee was ices acuive, while prices were unchanged. Freights wero without alteration of moment. Among ths cagage- mouts were 1,600 bales of cotto. to Liverpool at 7-824.; 200 do. to Glasgow at 34d., and 800 bbiz. floar at 2s. The Black Republicans and Their African Siave Trade Schemes. Z “a | Monsieur Blondia, having performed the won- derful feat of walking acroas the abysa of Niaga- ra on a tight rope, is about to uadertak» a till more remarkable labor—being, in fact, that oi crossing the same abyss with a man on hs beck. His eucceesin bis first attempt has lel to the sprivging up of ecveral imitators, and the like feat is to be attempted at the falls of Genesee and otters, though we do not know that any of the spurious Blondins intend to carry a rider. But of all the imitators of Blondin, ourold friend Thurlow Weeé, the political tigut rope walker, has determined to perform by far the most re markable feat. He isabout to attempt to cross the political abyss on the anti-slavery tight rope, and to carry Wm. H Seward asa rider on his beck. Weare told that at the bottom of the abyss of Niagara, the tide runs in fearful whirl- pools and eddies, which would swallow up Mons: Blondin aod hie rider in an instant ehould they tall, and that, consequently, he walks very cure- fully at fret, gradually increasing his pace as he advances, and at last comesin witha ran. Just s0 is it with our friend Thurlow Weed. He has got Seward on his back, and is advancing cau- tiously on the anti-slavery tight-rope. He knows, too, tbat the eddies and whirlpools beueath ran as fiercely as those of Niagara, and will carry both pimself and Seward to oblivion if they fall ia. He will gradually increase his pace as the time advances, and endeavor, like Blondin, to come io with a ran as election day approaches. Thurlow Weed is not a novice in the art of walking the anti slavery tight rope. He has per- tormed several experiments on it, and the last one was on the occasion of its being stretched across the political abyss three years since with Kansas to tie to. It is the success that attended that feat which leads him, like Monsieur Blon- din, to try the next one with a rider. He has had no small difficulty in getting a post to tie the tarther end of his rope to. He first tried to get up an expedition to Arizona after the Kansas plan, which was to erect a pro slavery Territory there; but from some giving out of the funds this scheme fell through, and the expeditions have been abandoned. Since then he has turned his attention to the reopening of the slave trade in the Southern States. This scheme has several congenial advantages over the Arizona one. In the first place, the trade can be carried on with great profit, which has induced his black repablican friends in this State, Connecticut, Massachusetts aud Maine to go into jt largely. Then, noteith standing the laws, it can be conducted without a particle of danger, as is shown by the fact that ww fifty ycars only one conviction by our courts bas taken place, out of the numberless cases tried by black republican juries. Aud then the fire- eating ultras of the South will hold up the other end of his anti-slavery tight rope just as long as he chooses to dance upon it. Io pursuance of this scheme, the black repub licans are now fostering the African slave trade, and pulling cheek by jow] with the nltra Sonth ern digger drivers, From an interesting history of the African slave trade, and how it is carried on, which we publish in anothcr columa, it will be seen that their coadjutors in New York, New Bedford, Boston, Portland and other Eastern seaports, fit out some forty slavers a year, aud bring over from Africa several thousand fiae, fat young negroes, on which they make a profit of not less than eleven millions of dollars, on a capital of about four millions invested. Bu a far greater profit than that accrues to the black republican party by the active prosecution of the slave trade. It supplies them with the whole of the political capital on which they intend to go into the next Presidential cam- paign, and gives them great hopes of getting into the White House, and handling its eighty millions of public expenditures. These, accord- ing to the Thurlow Weed free-wool scheme of finance, it is estimated, can be easily run up to a hunered or a hundred and twenty millions a year, or to four or five hundred millions during the four years they calculate to hold office. While Thurlow Weed was performiog his last great feat on the anti-slavery tight rope, the people were amused with ihe Kansas humbug. Henry Ward Beecher clanked his chains ia the Tabernacle, Professor Silliman sent Sharpe’srifles to Kansas, and the three thousand clergymen, with their black coats and white chokers, went through a staid and solemn minuet of the Roger de Coverly style, to the tune of “Shriek for free- dom.” The black republicans, under advice of their great rope dancer, have taken care to provide an abundance of music for the coming political festival, and the African dram will be beaten with tremendous energy. The black re- publican organs will pipe to the same tune, and have already begun it. They know more about the slave trade that is being carried on for the South than anybody else, and constantly give us the fallest particulars. They have every facility for so doing; for the traders being fitted ont by themeelves, they of couree know all about the matter. We are glad to sce that they have com- bined their slave trade echeme so well; it in- cludes great profits, no personal risk, and an abundance of political capital for the black re- publican party. OrrictaL Ai ro Contacion—Dvumping Orran In THE Bay.—Hardly have the ebb and flow of the tide carried off the debris of dead animals and other abominations lately strewn on the ehoresof the Narrows, to the infinite disgust and imminent sanitary peril of the adjacent inhabitants, than we are called upon to record another outrage of the same character. On Saturday night the sloop Caution—a .misnomer in this instance—threw overboard, off Quarantine, a similar load of die gusting excrescences, which yesterday morning lined the beach of Staten Island, decaying in the broiling sun, and seriously endangering the health of the dense population along the shores. If common humanity and a decent regard for the rights of others cannot restrain those in charge of these public boats from thus recklessly tampering with human life, under the very nose of Quarantine, the police certainly are bound to arrest the offenders for committing such an out- Tageous nuisance. The Metropolitan Police Commissioners have authority to compel the harbor police and the special force at Quaran- tine to attend to this matter, and they might serve the cause of hamanity much better by coing their Auty in this respect than in futile etlorte to enforce the obsolete Synday laws, ‘The Political Reconstraction of Italy—The News by the Vanderbilt. The Zurich conference, for the parpose of catab™ lishing and cementing the bases of peace kaid dowtat Villafranca, are on the eve of being in- eugurated. The three Powers engaged in the late war are to be represented, but none other. To the Marquis of Bourqueney are to be confided the interests of France. Count Coloredo has charge of the interests of Austria. Sardinia is to be represented by the Chevalier Desambrois After the conferences shall have been closed, aud arrangements made that will be mutually satis- tactory to the three Powers, the plan agreed upba wil! be submitted to a Congress of the European Powers. ‘The current of feeling which set in so strong against the Emperor of the French when the peace of Villafranca became known ecems, by the advices by the Vanderbilt, to have undergone # very considerable change since additional facts bave become known, and since the sober second thought bas had time to operate op men’s minds. Of course the peace did not satisfy the ultra liberal or revolutionary party with Mazzini at its head. Nothing less than the overthrow of all existing things would satisfy them. But among the thinking, conservative classes of people everywhere, the act of Napoleon in proposing and making peace receives fall and hearty commendation. Even in Italy, where the firet news of the peace was received with doubt and discontent, and where insults were offered tothe French Emperor and nation, they have begun to take a much more ratignal view of the matter. Garibaldi, whose high souled patriotisin none can question, expresses in an order of the day hie and Italy’s gratitude to the Em- peror and to the valiant French nation Ratazzi, the new Minister of the Interior at Turin, in a despatch to the government fanc- tionaries of Sardinia, ackaowledges the feelings that “bind the King and the country to the glo. rious Emperor and the great natiou over whose estinies he presides.” Ata grand municipal fra. ternization which took place recently at Parma, ail honor was paid to France. The inhabitants of eeveral of the Italian cities have presented ad- dresses of gratitude to the French army. And, finally, the ladies of Milan propose to pre- sent to the Empress of the French a marble group, representing gratitude and hope. These are indications of the sentiment of the Italian people iu regard to the gallant and efficient ser- vices of their French allies. But, it bas been asked, what has Italy gained by the war? What bas Austria lost by it? Italy has gatncd much—gained almost all thet the most enthusiastic partisan of war looked forward to—more than most peop!» expected she would gain. The kiagdom of Lombardy has been won from Austrian domi- nation, and goes to play its part in the future of a free constitutional Italy. The princely puppets that governed Tuscany, Modena, Parma, and the quasi viceroyalties of Austria, have been set aside, and the people of these duchies are now—as Farini, the Sardinian commissioner expresses it—masters of their own future, free, organized, and armed. It is only in Venetia that the yoke of the Austrian still presses; and even there the movement for freedom is not ended, for we see that a deputation of Venetians recently waited on the French ambassador at Turin to deliver an address to the Emperor, protesting against being left under the dominion of Austria, whether direct or indirect. This determination on the part of the Venetians will not be without its due weight upon the conferences at Zurich, though it is not to be expected that it will have the effect of in- ducing Austria to renounce her rights to Ve- netia. ‘This is what Italy has gained by the short but Rabguinary and decisive struggle in which’ France lent her sword to freedom. And what has Austria lost? Almost everything. She has lost her great military prestige, which was worth much to her in keeping together the incongru- | ous masses that form her empite. She has lost , her fine province of Lombardy. She has aban- | doned Ferrara and Comarchio, given her by | the treaty of Vienna; and Plaissance, which she | had purchased from Parma, and fortified asa | stroughold, has dropped from her possession. Tuscany and Modena and Parma, which were to all intents and purposes dependencies of hers, | are frce from her control and influence. In fact all that she had gained in Italy for the last half | century is lost to her. Nothing remains but Venetia; and even there, as we have intimated, | her rule is by no means secure. In view of these facts, how could it be main- tained for a moment that the war had no fruits, | or that the peace was prematurely and incon- siderately made? At first that was the very gene- ral impression; but now that the mists of passion and prejudice are clearing away, people see that | the outery made against the Villafranca peace was unwarranted. To be sure, Italian affairs are | at present in a rather chaotic condition; but we may be confident that out of that chaos willcome | order—the order of liberal and enlightened insti- tutions. It will be for the Zurich conferences’ in part, to promote and give direction to that | transition movement. In part, the work devolves upon the Italian people themselves. So far as Lombardy is concerned, the annexation to Pied- | mont is complete, and the liberal institutions | that are proper to Sardinia are be- ing inaugurated aleo among the Lombards, So far as regards the duchies of Tuscany, Mode- na and Parma, the question is more complicated, and the new order of things to be established is hedged around with more difficulties. When, at the commencement of the campaign, their seve- ral rulers fled, provisional governments ere or- ganjzed under the guidance of Sardinian commis- sionere. But the peace of Villafranca provided | that the sovereigns of Tuscany and Modena should | be permitted to return. In that, however, the | two Emperors appear to have reckoned without | their hosts. The people of the duchiessny, most determinedly, that they shall be no longer gov erned by princes of Austrian blood. The Duke of Tuscany abdicated in favor of bis eon. Bat that eon was at the head of a regiment of Uhlans at the battle of Solferino, and it was his younger brother who ordered the commandant of the gar | rison at Florence to fire upon thecity. So, father ' and ecns are all alike obnoxious to | the people; and the popular will in} Tuscany, Modena and Parma is nomistakeably | declared in favor of annexation to Piedmont, | The French Emperor advises them to take back * their princes; but he does not intend to go} farther than advice in such a matter. The prin- | ciple of popular sovereignty Is, for the time | being, fally recognized in the Italian duchios; and if, in a regular and formal manner, annexa- | tion to Piedmont be declared on the one side and accepted on the other, we do not see what remedy the ex-dukes would have. The Powers repreeented at the Aurich conference would hardly venture to undo by foreg the voluntary | Properly authenticated. Already we have re- act of a free people. This, t owover, is acka w leé ged to be one of the Wifficulties of the sit. tion. As to the plan of an Ital'’an Concderation, t is nothing more than a project of political ac- tion, which may or may not be realized. If it be, the people as well as the rulers will bave to be represented by delegates in the Die: In all points of vew, therefore, the Itali:s people ought to congratulate themselves on ‘le results of the war. Jt will be for themsely.: to make the most of the advantages they live gained, aud we have no doubt they are dtermined to do ko. Affairs in Mexico—Financial Efforts of the Contending Parties. ‘The news from Mexico which we published on Saturday, and our Vera Cruz correspondence, with Miramon’s and Vidaurri’s manifestoes, which appear this morning, give a clear view of the position of affairs in thas distracted country. The resources of both of the contending par- ties are exhausted, commerce is paralyzod, the industry of the country destroyed, and the con- stant movement to and fro of armed bands, im- pressing the laborers as soldiers and living upon the spoils of the graneries, have caused the labors of agriculture to be so far suspended that unless provisions be imported from abroad famine seems likely to stalk through the land. In the midst of this state of things, both the government of Mexico and the rebellious clergy and army are making extraordinary efforts to raise money, in the hope of putting an end to the contest. The constitutional powers look to the United States to help them out of these straits, either by treaty with our government or negotiation with individual capitalists. Miramon and his priestly supporters have no sympathy abroad to which they can turn their hopes, and they have brovght out the extraordinary plan of raising thirty millions of dollars by direct taxation on a starving people, and the issuing of eighty mil- lions of dollars in paper currency, which was already being negotiated in the city of Mexico at rates varying from two to four dollars on the hundred. This fact shows the desperate condition of the clerical party, and proves that every day that clapses diminishes their strength and increases the probabilities of the success of the liberal government. The speculators in the capital have revived the idea of a national bank, under similar conditions to those which were decreed and exploded so soon under Zuloaga. The new plan will doubtless follow the fate of its predeges- sor; for though the field for bankivg in Mex- ico is one of virgin richness, it must have a stable government to support it, and foreign ekill and credit to conduct it and entitle it to public confidence. A- much bet- ter plan for a national bank in Mexico can be combined by our Wall street capitalists, which would prove of great advantage to both parties. We suggeet to Mr. Lerdo, the Secretary of Trea- sury for Mexico, who is now here, and to the bu- siness men of New York, that they turn their at- tention to this subject. ‘The decree of the constitutional government nationalizing the church property has been re- ceived with much favor in all parts of Mexico. In the seventeen States which obey President Juarez, out of the twenty-four forming that con- federation, it will be at once carried out. In Vera Cruz, Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon sales are already being made. A significant indica- tion of its acceptability to the Mexican people exists in the fact that in the city of Mewico, where the clergy are in full power, and notwith- standing the distracted state of the country, its publication had caused an advance in the value of the domestic debt of from seven to nine per cent. The measure is the corner stone in the re- construction of government in Mexico, and of the re-establishment of the prosperity of that re- public. Ini. Treatwext or Mercnant Seamen.—We eee that a debate has taken place in the English Parliament on this subject, on a motion made by Mr. Milnes that an address be presented to her Majesty praying that she will take steps to put en end to the cruelties to which eeamen are sub™ jected in the merchant traffic between England and the United States. In the remarks made in this discussion the idea of vesting the Consuls of both countries with a criminal jurisdiction was properly scouted. In neither would the public sentiment tolerate the existence of a foreign tri- bunal of this kind. If it were permitted it would | soon fall into discredit from the difficulties to which it would be continually giving rise bo- tween the two governments. If Judges are liable to error, Consuls would be doubly‘so, from the ‘ want of the requisite legal knowledge, and the public on neither side would be satisfied to dele- gate to inferior minds the decision of questions involving some of the nicest points of juris- prudence. We have always expressed an opinion that the difficulties of the question were only to be met by a convention between the ' two governments, such as that which exists in regard to the extradition treaty. We are glad to find that this idea has met with the fall con- currence of Sir George Lewis and of the English Attorney General, and that the motion was agreed to without opposition. We may, therefore, ex- pect that steps will be immediately taken to bring the subject under the consideration of our own government, with probably some additional | recommendations for the facilitation of the work- ing of the extradition treaty, and also for the establishment of a summary jurisdiction for the | disposal of the quarrels which are continually arising between seamen and their employers on | their arrival in English and American porte—all questions that might be made features of one | general convention. Prowpr Benryorence.—On Saturday last we called ettention to the case of a poor widow lady who had Leen swindled out of the slender provi- sion Jeft her by her husband, and who fs now, with her invalid daughter, reduced to a state of the greatest destitution aud misery. Our community never turns a deaf car to appeals of this kind ceived the following, enclosing money for the re- lief of these poor sufferers: TO THE EDITOR OF THE RERALD. Hoping that your article of this morning fm behalf of a “poor w: ”” will meet with a ready respons, I enclos» | you five dollars. EE | Avguet 13, 1659, 70 THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD. For the poor WidOWS..s.s.csccssseee Re a | TO THE EDITOR OF THE NERA Enclosed plesge flad cne doliar for the « mentioned tn this morning’s Hrxatp, August 13, 1859, En attendant ibe contributions of our million- aires, small sums like these will enable the friends of theee unfortunate ladica to keep the wolf from their door. We trust that those who bave Jarge means will show that they have as large hearts as the anonymous contribators who bave thus Fromptly and humaycly xesponded to thelr eppeal. ‘ widow”’ GT, The New York Sucday Laws Viciate Keli- Stous Liberty, If there is any one thing more than another fn the constitation of the United States of which Americans have a right to feel proud, it is that clause which guarantees religious equality to every sect, and gives perfect re- Nigious freedom to all. The great men who drew up the instrument knew thatreligion was a thing of the mind between God and the indi- vidual conscience alone, and that the compul- sory observance of any of ite ordinances was ab- eurd. They knew that men could not be made holy by statute or by the bludgeon of the police- man. The Police Inquisitors of New York, and the pious , are of a different opinion. The question fs, w! t their edicts or the con- stitution of the United States, and the senti- ments of its founders, ought to have greater weight in the Empire City. A reference to the opinions on this subject of the founders of the confederation of the United States is not ont of place at the present moment The two great intellects of the Revolution, who framed the basis of all our laws, were Madison and Jeffereon, of Virginia. After the general peace in 1783, by the unwearied exertions of these two men in their own State, in opposition to the endlees quibbles, chicaneries and vexatious delays of lawyers and demi-lawyers, several bills of importance were passed. Among them was the bill for establishing religions freedom. The principles had, to a certain degree, been enacted before; bot Jeffereon drew it up in all the latitude of reason and right. It still met with opposition, but with some mutilations in the preamble it was finally passed; and a sin- gular proposition proved that its protection of opivion was meant to be universal. Where the preamble declares that coercion is a departure from the plan of the Holy Author of ovr re- ligion, an amendment was proposed by iusert- ing the word “Jesus Christ,’ so that it should read, “A departure from the plan of Jesus Christ, the holy autbor of our religion.” The insertion was rejected by a great majority, iv proof that they meant to comprehend in the mantle of its protection the Jew and the Gentile, the Christian avd Mehometan, the Hindoo and infidel, of every denomination. It is in this epirit that the constitution of our own State is framed, in which it is declared: “The free exercize and enjoyment of religious professtion and worrhip, without discrimination or preference, shall torever be allowed in this State to all mankind.” Of the effect of the Virginia aot on the public inind in Burope, Jefferson thus writes:— ‘The Virginia act for religious freedom has been recetved with fnfinite approbation in Europe and with enthusiasm. Ido pot meson by the governments, but by the individuals who compose them. It has been transia. ved into French and Italian, bas been sent to most of the Courts ot Europe, and has been the best evidence of the faleebood of those reports which stated us to be in anar. cby. It ts iorerted in the new Encyclopedia, and is ap. poaring in mort of the publications respecting America. Io tact, it is comfortable to see the atandard of reason at length erected after go many ages, during which the bu map mind has been held in vassalags by kings, priests and nobles; and it is honorable for us to have produced the first Legislature who had the courage to Jeciare that the reagor of man may be trueted with the formation of bis own opinions. What will the people in Earope now say, even in England and Scotland, when they hear of the persecution by the Protestant inquisition of New York for religicus opinions, in despite of our con- stitutions? Well may they laugh at our boasted civil and religious liberty.. To compel the Jew and the Seventh Day Baptist to observe Sunday is plainly religious persecution. Suppose Jews and Seventh Day Baptists were in a majority in this State, and procured the passage of o law compelling the religious observance of Saturday, would not all other sets regard that as persecu- tion? If lawful acts can be prohibited on any particular day in the week, then they may be prohibited on some other day of the week, and at last on everyday of the week. Who has made our Legislature judge in our religious af. fairs, or by what divine ‘commission does Pillsbury pereecute one set of citizens for refusing to follow the religious opinions and observances of another eet of citizens. By the constitution, the opin- ions of the Jew and the Seventh Day Baptist are as much entitled to protection as those of any other religious sect; for the charter of religious liberty is to “all mankind, without discrimination or pre- ference.” To prohibit them, therefore, the exer- cise ofa lawful calling, such as the sale of liquor on Sunday, is clearly a violation of their rights, and an unconstitutional act. If it is lawful for them to eell liquor on the other six days, to pre- vent their selling it on Sunday is making a ‘dis- crimination” against them, and giving a “prefe- rence” to other sects. The Legislature would just have as much righ to make laws regulating what kind of food men should eat, what clothes they should wear, what sort and amount of furniture they should have in their houses, And if they have the power to make laws to enforce a religious observance of Sunday, they have the power to enforce every Christian precept under the same sanction, and to punish every sin, every breach of the Ten Commandments. If the principle is right in one case it is right in all. The short way to end all disputes on this sub- ject is to appeal to the courts against the out- rages of the Police Commissioners, under the cover of law. If the last court of resort—the Court of Appeals—should decide against the rights of our citizens, they know what to do at the ballot box. They ought to decide the question for themselves by a test question to every candidate for office at the next elections, and have a declaratory religious liberty biil enacted repealing all Sunday laws on the statute book. Tae Swiss—Never Too Lats ro Mexp 4 Bap Rervratioy.—As a natfon, there is no more patriotic or gallant people than the Swiss. The necessities of a poor population and their military tastes have, however, driven large bodies of them from time to time into the service of foreign go- verpments, and thereby rendered the nation generally liable to the imputation of being ac- tuated by a mercenary spirit. Point d'argent point Swisse is one of those cutting sayings which has resulted from the facility with which fo- reign legions have always been recruited from the Cantons, In this, as in most other arbitrary proverbs, however, there is a good deal of injus- tice. The Scotch, the Irish, and the surplus po- pulation of other impoverished countries, have always evinced the same readiness to accept the pay of foreign governments. In no respect have the Swiss ever yiclded to any of these nationali- ties in delicate sense of military honor, or jaithfulness to the banner under which they hap- pened to be enrolled. A bad name, however, whether justly or un- justly acquired, generally sticls, and unfor- tunately, two recent occurrences have con- tributed to augment the ill favor with which Swiss mercenaries are viewed. The mazsncre at Peragio and the revolt at Naples bave each in their way caused the greatest cha- gtia sad mortification to the goveroment asd people of Switzerland, I+ might easily be ahowa that a large proportion of the troops by which the cruelties at the former place were perge- trated were pot Swiss at all, whilst at Naples it was 8 feeling of sympathy with popular impulses which caused the mutiny of the Swiss troops, As, however, the world generally will take bas little heed of theee explanations, the federal go- vernment of the Cantons has very properly takes steps to put an end to all s scandals of the same sort, It has, wo leara by the Vanderbilt, just passed a law ._ which Swiss entering the military service of other governments forfeit their rights of citizeuship, and subject them- selves to fine and imprisonment on their retara to their own country. ———___——_ Marr Courrestes—An Exaurte ror Ewa- isn .VoLUNTEERS.—The visit of the Richmond Grays to thia city, and the eagerness evinced te render their brief stay here as agreeable as pos- sible, euggest some reflections in connection with the difficulty which the English government ex- perfences in organizing this branch of their na- tional defences. Last year it will be recollected that ove of our crack regimenta,the Seveath, visited Richmond in full strength, chartering a steamer for the purpose and defraying all theic own expenses, They were received by the Rioh- mond militia with a warmth and liberality which left a most agreeable impression, not only on the men of the Seventh, but on New Yorkers geae- rally. A company of one of the Richmond regi- wents now returns the visit,and we trust that their reception here will prove equally pleasant to them. These fraternizations of the militia regiments of the different States are now becom- ing quite common. Last spring the Milwaukee Light Guard made a long and most expensive trip, visiting in succession the principal cities of the Northern and Eastern States. They, too, we believe, left our city with grate- fal impressions of the hospitality aud esprit du corps of the New York military. A company of the Seventy-first regiment recently paid a tly- ing visit to Montreal, where they were similarly received and feted by the militia of that city. These fraternizations are not to be regarded in the light of mere idle courtesies. They serve not only to keep alive the fvelings of union and pa- triotism which should animate the force to which the defence of the country is entrusted, but they stimulate the soldierly emulation and ardor with- out which all such organizations must fall into habits of slovenliness and indifference. If the British government, which appears so em. barragsed to provide adequately for the defence of its island domain, were to adopt our militia system in all its details, it would not be compell- ed to expend annually such vast sums for militia premiums and for useless fortifications. Let it en- courage the people to enrol themselves into a gen- eral volunteer organization, granting, as with us, certain legal exemptions as compensation for a fixed term of eervice. The thing once set on foot, we have no doubt that the proverbial self esteem and social tendencies of John Bull wou'd soon imbue him with the soldierly tastes which distinguish our owa people—the more especially if his martial ardor were to be stimulated by periodical junketings and fraternizations. In this way Great Britain would soon be provided with a national militia of at least a million of reliable goldiers, by whore aid and that of her immense fleets she might bid defiance to all the governments of the Continent combined. Privarrertnc.—A statement bas been recejv- ed by the Vanderbilt to the effect that Mr. Dal- las has placed in the hands of Lord John Russell 8 Geepatch from Washiogton, in which it is stated hat the United States government have resolved to abandon privateering, and thus to accept the declaration respecting this portion of maritime law agreed upon at the Paris Congress. Tnere is not one word of truth in this statement. No administration in this country would seriously entertain, still less make a declaration of snch an Intention. Its privateers are our militia of the sea, of the United States, and it will never abolish them until the European nations abandom their navies. THE LATEST NEWS. Indian Battle. Sr. Louis, August 14, 1859. The steamer Spread Eagle, with seventy-five United States soldiers, from Fort Rendall, arrived at St. Joseph on Friday evening, having made the voyage from a point eight hundred end fifty miles above the mouth of the Yellowstone. She reports # savguinary batt'e between the Sioux and Awrakaras on the 29d of July, which re- sulted in the loss of twenty-eight of the former, aud six" teen of the latter. Another battle was anticipated, with the result of the extinction of ihe weaker party. The Spread Eagle went five hundred and fifty miles higher up the Mitsouri than any steamboat before. Movements of the Cabinet. Wasnincton, August 14, 1859. Secretary Thompson bas gone to the White Su!phur Springs of Virginia. The Secretary of War is now at the Red Sweet Sulphur Springs in the same Siate, The tat- ter’s health is improving. Only three of the seven heads of departments are now in Washington, namely : Secre- tary Cass, Toucey and Holt, A Frenchman Drowned. Newrorr, Auguet 14, 1859. Michel Theronne, a Frenchmen, cook for the Mexican minietor, was drowned while bathing on the beach this morning. The body hue ben recovored, tls Methodist Camp Meeting. Boston, August 14, 18659. ‘The great Annnal Weeloyan camp meeting at the Vine yard was attended to.day by about 20,000 persons. Im- Pressivo discourses were delivered by different ciergy~ men. The weather was dolightful, and perfect order waa maintained throughout the day. Billiard Matches, Cixcrmam, Angust 14, 1869, Three games of billiards, 250 points each, were pisyed last night between Michael Phelan, of New York, Phitip Tieman, of Cincinnati, and Mr. Bird, of Philadelphia, Tne firat game was betweon Messrs. Tieman and Bird, and was won by Mr. Tieman, Mr. Bird 180. The se- cond was between Messrs. Tiemaa and Pholan, aud was won by Mr. Tieman, Mr. Phelan scoring 138. The third was between Mesers. Phelan and Bird, and was wou by Mr. Phelan, Mr. Bird scoring 186. Thoro money staked on the games. ! — oo mw Oaiwans, August 13, 1869. Cotton—Saler to-day, 1,600 bales; ‘eaiddltog ms Ue, and new do. 12%c. Flour dull; sales-at $4 75. CINCINNATI, August 23, 1859. Flour—Buyers insist on lower figures; sales.of no im= ortance; the maket closes », but unchanged.’ at 800, a 850, Bacon firm; thouiders 7c., hams, 8%¢, ~— [alee A . Flour lower, with a; fy demand Wee the bras, ine rior and Canadian trade, eat dull; [oman confin yd fo the imsmediate: wants of millers; sales 3,20 bushela choice Milwaukie club at 750. Corn easior; ‘gales 2,000 bushels Itinois en private terme. Oats scaror); anies 6, bushols Western at 31340. Canal froigbsa ‘dull aad wo- changed, Lake im 1,000 bushels. wheat, Canal ox- Porte 1,00 barrols flour, 6,900 bushola wYcat, 2,000 bush- ele corn. Borrato, £7. Me Flour in fair demand and steady? c i300 bile, as $3 76 a $4 for Stato, $4 75 0 $6 Sor’ extra Weator:, $5 26 & $6.60 for double extras, Wheat dulland drooping; salon of red Michigan, Indiana and ‘Uhio in emall lote as $1, white do. $110. Corn dull aud heavy and 96, lower; sales 6 bushels No, 1 IU inols at 660,; other eras quiet, Whis- Key lower; galeg 100 bois at 22220, imports, 2,000 pols, flour, 32,000 bushels Mar 6,000 cers 1 pushels rye, exports, 100 bbls. flour, ‘wheat, 23,000 bushels corn,