The New York Herald Newspaper, July 31, 1859, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GOGDON BEGAETE, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. OFFICE N. W. COMNKR OF FULTON 4ND NASSAU 818 TERMS, cash én advance Money sent by maf till be oe Me wick of the sender Postage stamps wt received as eucription 10" THe DAILY HERALD. too conte por copy. Per ana TAE WEEKLY HERALD, every Stturday at wiv cents per ‘adnes sopy or BS ner Losing d European Raison every af six cents per copy, $4 per arnnm to any part 0 os to wrt of the Continent both to incl tage; t lads i he nd tah of a ol oo Pn ‘AMILY HERALD on Wednaxtay at four cents per wg tmrorint wrt aed veltt Ba “errene arp Pace oe per cnn VoluntaR Yy CORRESPONDENCE, pews, solicited from any quarter erally poul tor ean P rvicviatLy Bear ie ee ON OTTICR taken of anonymous corresponaenos. We do not return rejected communications ———— Votume XXIV ..... eee seeeee eee cee NOs B10 AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. PAaLAUK GARDEN AND Hall, Fourteenth street.— Bacusp Corcent. AMUSEMENTS TO MORROW EVENING. NISLO’S GARDEN, Broadway.—RvoLuti0ms 0x THE TIGHT Bors—RKorent Macaren. ROWERY THEATER Rowory —Wartack—Wart Or TUR Wish 108 WISE—STATE SEORETS. WALLAGE'R THEATER, srontway.—Yarxss House Keeres- laws Booxn. NATIONAL THEATE®, Chatham street —Oxtren Twist— Laupoasn Fin. BARNCUM'S AMERICAN MUSEUM, Broadway.—After- Bees snd Bvening—Wrasy. tae Wizard. WOOD'S MINSTREL BUILDING, 561 and 563 Broadway— Ermortss S0NGs, Dances 4c —Bsn0vuin Auass. BRYANT’S MINSTELS, Mechanics’ Hall, 472 Broadway. Boswtasavas, Songs, Darces, dc.—Lixin's Lann, PALACE GARDRN ABD HaL\, Fourteenth strect— Voca: amp Inerzumestat Joxceat. Sew York, Sunday, July 31, 186% The News. The Kangaroo was intercepted off Cape Race. about six o'clock on Friday evening last. She left Liverpool on the 20th and Queenstown on the 21st inst., and brings telegraphic accounts from Londun and Liverpool to noon of the last mentioned date, one day later than the advices published in yester- day's Hera. The conference of the representatives of the Powers engaged in the war in Italy had been defi- nitely agreed upon. it was to meet at Zurich in about ten days. M. Bourqueny and Count Colme- rado respectively represent France and Austria. Consols on the 21st were quoted at 95 a 954, with a dull merket. Cott vas steady, and a better feeling prevailed « g the trade. Breadstutts were quiet, and provisions dull. If any doubt has heretofore existed respecting President Buchanan's aspirations for a second term in the Presidency, it is now completely set at rest by the letter of Mr. Buchanan to Hon. Wilson McCandless, which we publish in another column By the arrival of the overland mail, we have San Francisco dates to the Sth ., two days later than those received via the Isthmus. They contain no news of importance. There had been no arrival from Atlantic ports subsequent to the 6th inst. A very large and enthusiastic meeting was held at Philadelphia last evening to devise means to ob- tain the repeal of the laws which prohibit travelling on Sunday. It was composed of citizens of all creeds and conditions, and will without doubt lead to good results. A brief report of the proceedings of the meeting may be found among our telegraphic despatches. The casc of Virginia Stewart still continues to puzzle the physicians of the City Hospital. She ‘Was no better nor no worse at a late hour last night, She is perfectly conscious, and conversed fre- quently with a Catholic clergyman who visited her The statement of the revenues of the Post Office Department, just published, showsa net revenue accruing to the office in the quarter ending March S1, 1859, of $1,152,249 27, It must, however, be borne in mind that on or about the Ist of April large amounts of indebtedness previously incurred for mail transportation, &c., were paid, so that in a short time thereafter there was a deficit iu the fands of the department rather than a balance in its favor. The steamship Ariel sailed from this port yester- day for Southampton and Havre, with 152 passen- gersand $762,717 in specie. The City of Washing- ton also s passeng $ 5 The report of the City Inspector, which is given ‘in another column, shows that the deaths last week comprised St men, 74 women, 26} boys and 197 girls, a total of ¢ being two more than the week previous, and 82 less than occurred during ihe cor- responding week of last ye Of the whole num- ber of deaths Jast week 447 were of ten years of age and under, and of this number 131 diced of cho: lera infantura. There were 103 deaths of diseases of the brain and nerves, 1 of the generative organs, 15 of the heart and blood vessels, 106 of the lungs and threat, 3 of old age, 29 of eruptive fever and skin diseases, 40 stillborn and premature births, 263 of diseases of the stomach and other digestive or- gans, 41 of uncertain complaints, 3 of the urinary orgabs, and 19 from violent causes. The nativity table chows that 496 were natives of the United States, 86 of Ireland, 19 of Germany, 11 of England, and the balance of various foreign countries. ‘The annexed table shows the temperature of the atmosphere in this city during the past weck, the range of the barometer and thermometer, the variation of wind currents and the state of the weather at three periods during each day, viz: at 3 A. M., and 3 and 9 o'clock P. M. ey fam. esterday for Liverpool, with 225 Pied BP. M. OP. mM. "mod ano7, seeseeeempyony Maar H g i “en MOOR On OU) Per Etioae eSeeeee Sawesa 8 Ss si Fy a Saturday—Clear ati day ana nizbt, Suuday—Clear ali day ana nignt, Monday—C oudy ail aay, Tocsday—C.ouey al! cay. ‘Wednesday—Ciear ail day and night. ‘Thuredsy—Ciear all day und night. Friday—Ciear sil day and night. Baturday—Clear. The foreign news received by the Osean Queon and Anglo-Saxon exercised a depre sing influence yesterday on the cotton market, which fell off 3c. per Ib. and in some cases as much as Xo per Ib. wasclaimed. Tho Bales embraced 1,000 valcs, ciosing on the basis for mid. Gling uplands, at 121¢¢. @ 12340. per Ib. The reaction in Liverpool was auticipated to tha extent of 1-16d. by the Europa, yet it was hardly expected to recode as much as 244. a8 reported on some grades, by the intelligence of Yesterday. The holWers, however, were not pressing Bales, nd the transactions at the concession had been Aight. Good low and modium grades of flour were firmer aa aml a ial rates, while other qualities Un . ‘at was firm and clesed higher for good to primo lots, while common and inferior Brades were dull and neglected. Corn was hoary, ‘with a tendency to lower prices, while sales woro light. ‘Pork was heavy for mess and botter for prime, with sales Of the former at $15 26, and of the latter at $108101087%; Clear was at $18. Boot and lard exhibited rathor more Steadinees. Sugars were in fair demand, the chief trans- ctions having embraced Cubs Fefining goods, with semo New Orieans and a small lot of Porto Rico; the sales footed wp about 1,300 hada. and 600 boxes, the lattor for export, (Woliee was stendy; the chief sales comprised 2,600 bags Laguayra and 1,800 Jamaica on private terms, Freight Cngagements wore light and rates unchanged. To Liver- {fool some 350 bales of cotton were taken at 3.161, Vogue Opinions of the Pence=The World Sul in a Bog. The expression of public opinion as to the terms of the peace in Italy is necessarily vague aod shadowy up to the present time, for there existe, in fact, no knowledge of what they aro, except that glimmering which the despatoh of the French Emperor to the Empress opens to us. | Beyond this the world is in ignorance of the ar- vangements by which the fruits of the war are to be manifested; but people must theorize and speculate upon events of this kind, and so in edvance of accurate faformation all kiuds of sur~ mises are floating around. One fact is evident, that outside of France the peace is viewed with uneasiness and dissatisfaction, The Italians of the ultra tchool, ‘Who expected so much. from the war, are naturally discontented at the course of Louis Napoleon; but who could reasonably suppose that he, an Emperor, with the interests of bis own people and dynasty at stake, would consult the extreme views of the Italian revolu- tiovists in the face of those serious comptications which confronted him? But the fact that all the rest of Europe is dissatisfied will only strengthen the popularity of Napoleon in France. The French people begin to think that he has out- witted ail the Powers of the Continent, and they will feel proud of him in consequence. Toat their Emperor and Francis Joseph alone, despis- ing the interference of England and the other neutral Powers, should have plucked the chest nut out of the live coals with their own hands, is amazingly gratifying to the pride of the French people, and the measure of their gratification is enbanced by the reflection that Louis Napoleon is about to cat the chestnut himself. We should not be eurprised, then, if the entering of the vic- torions army into Paris was the scene of the mest mugnificent ovations which that olfy of pageantry and stirring demonstrations ever wit- neseed. Rumors had been circulated that an unfriendly fecling had sprung up between the French En- peror and Victor Emanuel, in consequence of the mode by which peace was brought about, but we fail to see any corroborative evidence of the report. The Javguage which the King of Sardinia employed in his order of the doy, issued after the conclusion of peace, would not imply dizeatisfaction of its terms. In that dccument the King congratulates the people of Lombardy on the achicvement of their inde- pendence, “with the powerful aid of our magua- simous and valiant ally, the Emperor of the French,” and be continuces—“ I take your destiny under my direction, and hope to fiod in you that concurrence which the chief of a State needs in order to ercate a new administration. I tell you, people of Lombardy, to trust in your King. Established on a eolid and imperisbable basis, he will procure happiness fora new country which Heaven has entrusted to his government.” If it be true—and we think it the most plausi- ble rumor abroad—that France, Austria and Sardinia are about to hold a Congress at Zurich to settle the affairs of Italy, it will do away with any discourtesies which may have attached to the non-participation of Victor Emanuel in the interview at Villafranca. The admission of Sar- dinia into the Congress on equal terms with France and Austria, and jnto an equal voice in the disposition of the future of Italy, will necea- sarily imply the absence of slight on the part of the two larger Powers, and must prove satisfac- tory to Victor Emaruel. Moreover, we look upon it as morally certain that the administration of Count Cavour, whose couneele in the government seem to be essential to the interests of the ultra Italian party, will be resumed as scon as the new order of things is ar- ranged—probably within a year from now. The position of the Italians in Lombardy we conceive to be secure as long as Napoleon lives and governs in Feance; but should a revolution demolish his dynasty, or a pistol shot cut short bis life, it would be impossible to say with cer- tainty that the old relations of Austria with Lombardy would not be resumed, and the latter territory become once more a part of the Aus trian empire. Daxter. S. Dicxivson ox THE Cuarivstoy Coxvention Questioy.—The Albany At/as- Argus having pretty broadly intimated that Daniel S. Dickinson does not sympathize with the Astor House hard shell movements in reference to the New York delegation to the Charleston Conven- tion, the Bingham'on Democrat, the home organ of Mr. Dickioson, in a quiet way, settles the question, by showing—first, that Mr. Dickinson is in favor of postponing the election of the dele- gates to Charleston; and, secondly, that he is in favor of the district system of electing said delegates. In other words, apprehensive of another disas- trous split in the democratic party, should the regular State Convention of this fall appoint the delegation to Charleston, Mr. Dickinson isin favor of an armistice upon this bone of contention until after cur November election; and then, in order that every Congressional district may speak for itself, he is in favor of the policy of allowing to each district the privilege of electing its dele- gate or delegates. This is fair; and under this Programme the democracy may be reuuited, so as to carry the State in November. But, on the other elde, the Albany Regency, in holding the State Convention in their hands, will hold the power to appoint the entire delegation to Charles- ton in the lump; and the temptation to exercise this power it will require a good deal of philoso- phy to resist, The question will probably be settled at the meeting of the State Central Committee at Al- bapy, on the 3d instant; and, for the sake of democratic harmony, a gentle hint from Wasb- ington, perhaps, would materially contribute to a good result from the Committee. If the admin- istration is to be held responsible for the acts of the democracy, it cannot be denied the right to & word or tivo of good advice now and then, and especially to that selfimportant class of the party leaders who live upon the bounties of the administration. Let the Committee think before they speak. . —— Mr. Doveras axp His FortucowisG Maxt- FEsTo.—We understand that the promised mani- feato from Mr. Douglas on aquatter sovereignty, &e., may be expected now by the auxious democracy at auy moment, and that the document will not only demolish the Southern fire-eaters and extingnish Governor Wise, but will leave Mr. Buchanan ond his administration high and dry. Should this information prove to be correct, the supposed alliance, offensive and defensive, of Wiee avd Douglas, will fall to the ground, and Mr. Douglas, whose course at the last session of Congress indicated his return to the ark of the administration, will be left ex- posed to the deluge with poor Forney. Let us have the manifesto, Let every contestant for the Charleston Convention bring forth his maai- NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, JULY 31, 1859. festo, Why should Wise avd Douglas moaopo lige this businces? G Ap Itditan Commercial Uniow and the Pope Tn another column we publish an article oa a commercial league of the [talian Confederation, after the model of the German Commercial Ucion or Zollverein, from which the reader will see that to this commercial league, formed some tweuty- five years ago, Germany owes its agri- cultural, manufacturing aud commercial pros- perity more than to any other cause whatever. In despite of the political oppression whicn she suffers from the combination of great and petty tyrants, who conspired at the Coogrese of Vienna to place insuperable barriers in the way of popu- lar frecdom and political progress, she has pros pered and become a great commercial power in Europe. By one of the articles of thé Germaute Confederation, constitutions wtre guaravteed to every State; but faith bas not been kept, and this was the cause of the revolutionary ou'- breaks in Germany in 1848, The Diet, which is the sole in‘erpreter of its own constitution and laws, now holds that whatever a king or prince chooses to give his people in the shape of a constitution, that mockery is to be considered ® constitution in the meaning of the Diet; but ifany people propose @ constitution to their kiay or prince, that is revolutionary, aod the Diet cau- bot permit it, If the people rebel, the federal army will soon squeleb their patriotism. Nothieg can be changed without the unanimous conseot of all the crowned heads. We hope that some better arraugement than this will be made for the Italiane, But notwithstanding this despotic leazne, Ger- many has grown into immense prosperity by ber free commercial union. To Prussia the credit of thie great measure is due, and she has reaped the benefit of it more than any other German State. Before the formation of the Zollvercia on every few miles of the roads tolls were levied, every canal, every river and every frontier of every State, large or small, was lined with custom: house officers, and to say nothing of the enormous expense of that system, euch were the vexatiou* restrictions that the trade and commerce of the whole country were crippled. By a league of the States of Northern and Southwestera Ger- many these obstructions have been swept away, and between those States trade is now as free as it is between the several States of the American Union. One uniform tariff on foreign goods is established, and each State receives its tair pro- portion of the revenue. This commercial league has given Prussia euch a political preponderance in Germany that she is no longer becond to Austria, and has the courage to throw down the gauntlet even to France. Atimilar league in Italy, in which Sardinia, the Northern and vigorous power of the confedera- tion, would preponderate, would produce similar effccts upon the Italian States, and particularly upon Sardinia herself, There is no country in Europe hetter adapted by nature for agricultural, manufacturing and commercial pursuits tha Tioly, and the sources of vast wealth lie within Ler own bosom, and in the numerous harbors of her peninsular coast, All she wants for its de- velopement is peace and repose, and a political and commercial union which will make her fn- ternal trade free, revive and protect her foreign commerce, and link all her children together in the bonds of a common nationality. Whatever people may say of Louis Napoleon, if he nas done this for Italy, it is more than has been done for her for a thousand years. So far from aiding her, the other great Powers of Europe have done their utmost to keep her divided and enslaved. The tyrants of the treaty of Vienna, among whom was the same Euglish king against whom the American colonies revolted, took from Italy the freedom she enjoyed in 1814, and sent back the Pope and the vulture of the House of Hapsburg to prey upon her yvitula The present dificulty of Italy is the fruit of the Congress of Vienna. What etands most in the way of her enjoyment of the full benefit of the new organization is the continuation, ia part, of ecclesiastical instead of lay government in the Papal States. Siuce 1849, owing to the remonstrances and menaces of Louis Napoleon, the old system of the ‘hierarchy of the congregation” has been abolished, and onc- half of the ministers are now Jaymen; and all might be Jaymen, except the Cardinal Secretary of State. But as one-half are still prelates or ec- clesiastice, there is practically as great an obsta- cle as ever to civil reform. What is wanted is a complete eecularization of the government; for, if that were accomplished, then railroads would be built in the Papal States to connect with the railroads of the other States, and com- plete a network of rapid communication «il over the country, to facilitate the opera- tions of trade and commerce; and there would thus be some chance of the Roman people becoming prorperous and contented, iostead of being revolutionary, and ever giving an excase for the armed intervention.of foreign Powers to “ protect ” the Pope. Ail Europe owes much to Italy ; not only is it indebted to her for literature and art and law, but for the principles of freedom, which were de- veloped amidst the contests of the Popes with the German Emperors, From the municipal institu- tions of the medieval republics and free cities of Central Italy the constitutional liberties of Eu- rope, and particularly of England, derived les- sops of political wiedom. Italy was the first country to burst the chains of darkness which held the world after the fall of Rome, and to raise sloft for mankind the torch of nfedera ci- vilization, whose rays bave reached even to the New World; illumining the minds of the great men who laid the foundations of this republic. That she should now re ceive back even a portion of the light of liberty which she gave the nations, must be gratifying to all who know how to appreciate its blessings. England wilfally threw away the opportunity of aiding in the work of her re generation at the beginning of the late war, and she bas now no right to complain that it is im perfectly done. Her government and Parliament and press complained that the Emperor of the French was going too far. The complaint is now that he has not gone far ehongh. That he did vot go further is due to Protestant Prussia aad Protestant England, who menaced a general war in Europe. In the Crimean war Eagland allied herself with Napoleon against Russia and the Greek Christians in favor of the Mabometans; in the recent war she might with at least equal pro- pricty bave allied herself with Napoleon against Auetria in favor of an oppressed nationality of Latin Christians, Had ehe done 80 bloodshed would bave been Prevented, and a betier ar. Tangement might have been effected. It is to be hoped, however, that the first step to the fatare greatne 8 of Italy now tegen sill not be in vaia, and that her unity and Sedependence will lend not only to the developement of her commercial prosperity, but to the constitut oval freedom © ali ber elti, The Sunday Reformers. On another page we publi-r some origins! correspondence on the Sucday Jaws, together with an accouut of a meeting on the subject a 8+. Louis; and from Philadelphia we bave telegrapbic repert of the proceedivgs of a meet ing beld Jast evening in thet city, the object of which was to deviee some menns to effect th: ebolition of the statute whereby Suaday travel j- prohibited. It is evident that thie question ix destined to agitate ail the large cities of the Union, and that it will become the qnpstion of the day. The funatics—Soribes and Pharisees bypocrites—are leagueivg themselves with the S»dducces and the debris of the defunct Kaow Nothiog order, to make it a political question apd an ireue in the elections. Ler them try their band at that game, and see how it will end. The day is gone by ia this conutry whea re Jigions fepaticiem and intolerance cun be workea up to any aveilable amount ia the contests 07 political parties. The signul failure of the at- tempt to ostracise meu from the rights which the constitation of the Unites Stutea leaves open to «)l—to bar them from office aod from voting on account of their religion or their place of birth— forerbadows what will be the fate of any move- ment designed to establish Protestant inqnisi tions in the free States of the American republic, long after Catholic institutions of the same kina have been overturned under the most despotic xovernments of Europe. Who or what are these men that they sbould dictate to all others bow they shall serve God or epjoy their own liberty on Sunday? A Sabbath committee presume to control the enlightened citizens of New York in a matter with which these self-clected inquisitors bave no concern. Woo wppointed them to snperintend the religious worship or the recreations of the people? At what meeting of the inhabitants of New York were theee extraordinary powers conferred upon them? We always understood that a committee were appointed by some larger body—some meeting or organization to carry out ite objects avd desires, We should like to know what meeting or body or orgubizution delegated the following self-styled “Sabbath Committee,” who eo complacentily issue tracts tor the euliyht- enment of the Empire City:— Normen White, Chairman, George W. Lane, EL Beadle, &. D., Horace Hoideo, Winiam A. Booth, George N. T.tos, William Trasiow, WF. VanWagenen, Willism Walker, Jobn M. Bruce, Jr., Ropert Carter, Warren Carier, Thora O. Doremus, E.C. Wilcox, £ L Farcber, F.S Winston, Fred. G Foster, 0. E. Wood. Davia eed x James W Beekman, Recordivg Secretary, Ruseel 8 Cook, Correrponding Secretary. JM. Morrtcon (Cashier of Manhattan Bank), Treasurer, We are told, indeed, in the fret of their tracts, ‘hat a meeting was held in the lecture room of Rey. Dr. Alexander's church, and that Mr. Horace Holden occupied the chair. But we are not told bow that meeting was calied. A committee was appointed, consisting of “B. F. Butler, A. R. Wetmore, Francis Hall and Hiram Ketchum: Eequiree, to nominate 8 permanent committee to promote the better observance of the Sabpath.” The above named spiritual vigilance committee of twenty-three were appointed by the inquisito- rial triumvirate, and they have been sitting ever since en permanence, attempting to domiueer over the religious liberties of three-quarters ofa million of people. The documents they have produced are chiefly remarkable for their ignorance and impudence, and are quite worthy of the pre sumption which prompted the authors to direct the citizens of New York how they should spend one-seventh of their time. It is not rest that is wanted for the people— night is the period of natural rest, and Sunday is the proper time for recreation, without which body and soul become dwarfed and diseased. As for piety and good works, they ought to be distributed over the whole lives of men, and not confiard to one day out of seven. Thies is true Christianity, and is everywhere inculcated in the New Testament, whereas in no part of it, from St. Matthew to Revelations, is there a single comwand directing the obeervarce of the Sabbath, which there cer tainly would be if the doctrines of the Sabbath Committee were true, The practice of the Sab- batarians is to give six days to the devil, to lying and slandering, and cheating, and to nioe-tenths of the vices and crimes prohibited by the deca ‘ogne, and then to give the seventh day to God when they are tired sivaing all the week. Wil! God accept euch a compromise with sin as that? Will be not rather reject the unclean sacrifice of those who Compound for sing they are inclin’d to, By damping those they have no mind to, Tur: Fovrta or Jvty Aproap.—The only na- tional celebration pregnant with the destinies of «country and stirring its deepest memories to the utmost at each annual ‘return of the fourth day of July, is the festival of American inde- pendence, which find’ some one to welcome it at a)l points of the carth. Englavd, whose terri tery and people extend all over the globe, upon whore dominions, itis boasted, the eun never sets, and throughout whose empire the reveille, it was once said, can be heard from one military post to another, bas no great event in her history which evokes the universal enthusiasm of her children, wherever they may be, on any particu- Jar anniversary. France, Germany, Italy and other nations, though the traditions and chroni- cles of each have recorded eome proud events, have no day like our Fourth of July to grow jubi- lant over. But wherever an American family is sojourning, that day finds a patriotic response within the household. Wherever the American nation ix officially represented, the Declaration of Inde pendence and the glorious memories which cins ter around the deeds that hallow it, and the mex who sealed their country’s freedom with their signs manual upon its face, are toasted with hilar- ity and love and pride. In whatever harbor ap American vessel flouts, from Greenland to the antipodes, the day is proclaimed with the flutte: of flage from the bulwarks to the masthead, We have already recorded the celebration o the last Fourth in various quartere—in Paris and London, where the citizens united with Ame Tican residents and sojourners ia doing honor to the day. In the umbrageous shadow which on wraps the eweet lakes of Killaraey, amid the solitudes of the eagles which watch the patrim» by of “the O'Donoghue” like faithful eentinel- from the thountains, and the red deer, the las! living remnants of a once daring tribe, still lio- ger among the heather, a few citizens of New York woke the echoes of Mangerton with cheers for the independence of America. And to-day we give an account of the festivities of the Fourth in St. Peterebarg aud Bremen, which oo- curred under circumstances of peculiar interest in the latter place, the host being, in one instance, an old companion of Washington, and in auother wo eal y aequaictance of Joun Raedulgh of Ro apoks, thongt both Germaas by eirth, and for wavy yeurs reeidents of Germany, In short, wherever an American is to be fousd— aud sbero docs not a meaber of this auiversal bation tury up!-—tbe Fourth of July asd its re- miniscences recetve a joyous recoguition, Tuk Mustcwat Pasic--Veytce Preservep.— A panic has prevailed in the Park for some wecbe in regard to the tax levy. All the job bers aud contractors, the office holders and other dependents ou the ten millions taxation for the support of our political paupers, have had a vew and anaccustomed fright, by reason of the prospect which the legal explosion of the Tax Office presented, owing to the singular Albany job which was achieved last winter for the benefit of the hold-over incumbents of that concera. A tremendous pressure has been brought to bear upon the Supervisors to coerce them into action in this connection contrary to their convictions, and their independent course, nevertheless, has alarmed the whole legion of public pensioners, with the prospect of a new shinplaster epoch in our ever varying municipal affairs, It would appear that the recent definitive conclusions pro- cured by the Supervisors, in a formal opinion of counsel, have all been well known and accepted by the parties in the Tax Office and Finance De- partment, aud that every step and procedure was counted upon in view of a possible failure in the legality of the assessment rolla, Immed ately before the act was signed by the Governor, the Chairman of the Tax Board, Alien, went up the river, aud. ia consultation with the Governor and a well known lawyer of the repub- lican ranke, it was concluded that the act should not be risked unless the Comptrotler shoald agree, if not to reappoint the old incumbents, then, at least, to suspend any action under the law until the tax books were prepared by the Assessurs, which, by the statute, mast be done between tho Ist of May and the 1si of July. The proviso that the act should take effect immediately, it was concladed, meant a reasonable time, and its legal inception would not be presumed befure the Comptroller sbould take actfon upon it. Witb euch an uaderstanding the Goveraor signed the act, and the operation of its wholesale abo- lishing and repealing provisions it was thought was sufficiently guarded against, 80 as not to cut off the old Assessors from the legal com- pletion of their work on this year’s tax books By the time when the Comptroiler was ready to make his appointments, he was made aware, ii is said, of the further difficulty, that uoder the con- étitution his power to act was probably void, and if the incumbent Commissioners should vacate their offices there would be no power to fill them, unless it existed in the Super- visors. The danger of overturning the basis of the tax Jevy, and a conviction of the force of the point raised, compelled the Comptroller to re appoint all of the old Commission. The conclusion to reappoint the old Board was not arrived at, however, without an understand ing that Williamson and Brown should depose their associate Allen from bis place as Chairmaa, exclude him from any share in the councils of the Board, aud divide his proportion of the patronage A quarrel arose, and the spring by which the Comptroller’s action had been influenced was disclosed to the Supervisors. A secret session was held; the legality of the appointments under the new law was warmly discussed, and candi- dates to be appointed by the Supervisors were nominated. But this course of action was aban- doned; it was found that the powers of the Su- gervisors were too emphatically repealed, and the more important matter of the legalization of the assessment rolls was taken in band. The alarm caused the Tax Office people to suspend their re- moval of the old Assessors, until the Supervisors had consented to receive the Assessment rolls, which they refused to do unless sworn to by these old incumbents. Commissioner Allen takes ground on this with the Supervisors, refuses to meet with the other two members to legalize re- movals, regards the power of the Coraptroller as void, and the law of 1857 as expressly repealed With tbe same operation of the law which takes away the power of the Supervisors, that of the Tax Commissioncrs to appoint Assessors or de- puties is held to be cancelled. By this the de- sirable result wontd be gained of bringing op the operation of the law of 1850, when the Com- missioners were first, instituted, and the. Asses sore elected in the wards under the general laws of.the State, but that these offices also are sbolished in the two succeeding enactments, The practical result so far may reassure the alarmed pensioners on the tax levy. The assess ment rojls for this year can probably be assumed to have been made ont before the new law took ef- fect. At the worst, even if they should becarricd upon certiorari by the taxpayers, as provided in the law, before the judiciary, aad quashed, the power of the Comptroller to issue revenue bonds wonlé cot be affected. Very little inconvenience would be felt, as the Legislature will meet and act be- fore the bulk of the outetandiag revenue bond« will probably come in, or need to be provided for, as tbey can lie over or be renewed. Whatever may be done for this year, the Board of Saper- visors should etand their ground against these hold-over Commissioners, and maiatain a dead halt for 1860, until farther orders on the subject of taxation from Albany. The refusal to pro vide books, or recognise or warrant in any way the recbJees faction who control the Tax Office argues a proper apprehension thas far. It should be understood that their policy will be to stave off sll action, and being now actually quartered in irresponsible perpetuity upon the county, they will seck by every device to sustain them selves under color of a de facto possession of of fice so long as they can draw a dollar from the public treasury. Kaysas! Kansas!—Tue Kansas Surrexers axp Uscte Tom—The Kansas Republican Oon- stitutional State Convention have finished their labors and adjourned, The State constitution which they have adopted declares that there shall be no slavery in the State, and‘n0 involuntary servitude except in the punishment of crime, which is nothing more than we all expected. Indeed, the Convention bas fallen short of the public expectations in regard to “niggers,” for while the constitution adopted allows all “the rest of mankind” the right of suffcage, it cruelly cuts off niggers from this high prerogative of “freedom.” What will our black republican | “equal rights” shriekers say to this? What will the Massachuectts Kansas Emigrant Aid Societies say? They have surely been taken in and done for. The popular vote on this new Kaneas constitu- tion is to be taken on the 4th of October; and the first State election under it, for Governor, State officers and member of Congress, and a Legislature, is $0 come off on the 6th of Decem- ber; £0 that by the lst of Janunry we shall most § 4 probubdly have the freo State of Kaoeas (alggers excepted), witn a member of the Heuse of Re- presrntatives and two Senators, knockiog at the doors of Congress for sdwiesion, But perbgpe the whole programme of the new constitation Way be upect in October, between the uduereate of slavery and the honest devotees of the cause of “human freedom.” Who kuowst Tlayrt Prorosrs vo Retauiate o§ TOR Unsirep Srares—A Havrmy Orexron or -rue Axouitiosis1s.—Tbe revolution which ejested Sclouque from Hayti seems to bave restored te “that republic some freedom of the press, As @ tatural consequence, its newspapers are begin- ping to talk of things at home, and they paint the condition of the island and its population im terms that must wring the heart of every black republican and abolitionist wih aoguish. The Feuille du Commerce, published at Port as Prince, and L’ Avenir, published at Cape Huytien, describe matters there in pretty much the same terms. We reprint elsewhere to-day an artiote from the firet named of these journals, which, besides telling us the etate of Hayti, gives a fair sample of negro logie and of vegro statesman- ship. It acknowledges that industry docs not exist; that the half million of negroes comprising the population do not raise enough of yams, sweet potatoes and yuca to feed themeelyes; that the honey deposited by the wild beca io the woods remains ungathered; that the sigar cane has disappeared; that the horses have become puny, the oxen lean and fumishgi, and that, as a natural consequence, the towuipeople are forced to live on poiatoes, rice auf sugar brovght from the United States, Now, as these United States refuse t¢ reeog- bise “the black republic,” and even fp ta republicans here will not receive the bbok tra- vellers and traders in their houses, norpit with them at table, nor ridt with them in te cara, nor worship with them in church, the buille du Commerce proposes to play tit for tat withus, and not to trade with us any more. As it rdognises the fact that such a coarse on the part ¢ Hey, even though decreed by a sclemn act off.-gisla- ture, would not make the uegroes raise ny more yeame, sweet potatoes and yuca, it pripases te remedy the sudden. cutting off of the Yaukes trade by getting its potatoes, rice ad saga from ihe Bluenoses and Kanucks. Asau addi tional reason for adopting this courseit aver that in Halifax, Quebec and Montreal negroe are admitted as guests into the hotels, aud ca ride with Nova Scotian and Canadian geatlemer The article is worth reading. We re sore for ovly one thing which it contains. “Tne e lored editor plainly tells Garrison, Phitips ad the rest of the tribe of abolitionists .bat the ‘reo’ no account, in fact not worth apia. 4 we know they are regular readers of the Herav, we suggest to them that they bad bettej not red the article from the Haytien journal, wit migt hurt their feelings to see these things tkre. @reavers FoR Sovra Awestoa~A Naw Sranisn-AmERicaN JovuRNaL in Tat Ciry— The letter of our correspondent in Cabo, Pew, dated the 13th of June, published ia thi paper,is replete with interest to the commercis! ommunity and travelling public both of the Uniteditates and Europe. He developes a plan for the esiulishment of an American Itne of screw propellerso run be- tween Valparaiso in Chile and Panamapalling at the intermediate ports of the west coasiof South America. The project is already judgd very fa- vorably, and the Panama Ruilroad Com ay’ promi- ses to aid itto the amount of $50,000. ‘le ruaterial, financial and moral impetus which woud be given to the people of the coast by the opertion of the line are duly pointed out. Tabular tatistics are given of tho estimated cost of the wdertaking with its probable profits, both based @ the best data, as isalso astatement of the tradé done by, sailing vessels to and from all the ports ¢ the coast in the year 1855, and an exhibit of the articles of import and export. If the new line shoild go into operation the time saved from Englandby way of] New York and Panama to Callao would've ten days: The rate of fare at present from Engand by St. Thomas and Panama is $385, includingthe Istum railroad fare; from Southampton to New York, ra nama and Callao by the new steamer lindit would $345, and the journey be made in twentyeight days. In connection with this subject, wt may mention that a new Spanish American jourail is about be ing established in this city as a stermer paper fot Spanish America. It will supply 1 long Asuting necessity in this respect, and will afford our mer| chants and mannfacturers an advertising medium such as has long been required by our trade wi Spanish America. The total popuktion of Spani: America amounts to.over thirty millions; and i 1857 our trade with those countries, covering as jj does every article of our produce or manufactu reached $93,000,000 imports, and $36,000,000 e: ports, and is constantly augmenting, Tho estal lishment of the new steam lines already running Mexico and Central America, and new proposed f the west coast of South America, will give a livel! impulse to this already vast trade. THE LATEST NEWS. A Letter from President tuchanan. HE DECLINES THE PRESIDENCY FOR A §ECOND TER} Pirrsnune, Jalz 89, 1859, The aubjoined letter from President Buchanan was tj ceived this morning by Hon Wilson McCandiesa:— Bevrorp Sparvas, Jaly 25, 1859, My Dear Sim—I have received your kind mote of 19th instant, together with the leader from the ‘Whilst I sppreciate, as it deserves, tho abit'y and frien| ship displayed in that editorial, [ yet regrot thas it ‘been published. My determination nol, under any cumstances, to become a candidate for re election is fi and conclusive. My best ju¢gment and etrong incl: unite in favor of this course, To cast doubts upon predetermined purpose is calculated to impair my ence in carrying out important measures, and »figeds) pretext for enying that these (meacures) have been dj tated by a desire to be renomirated. With kindoat regards, etc,, respectfully your friend, JAMES, BUCHANAN, The Sunday Question in &hiladeiphta. IMPORTANT MASS MAETING OF CITIZENS IN FAV OF THE REPEAL O¥ TIUs OSNUXIVUS LAWS. Puitaouirnia, Jaly 80, 1859) ‘Thosein favor of running ihe railroad passeager cars Sunday held a large meeting in Iadopendemve wquure t evening. The meeting was presided over by John M. Batlor, Chief Justice Lewis, the intended chairman, boing wd A number of speakers addresacd the meeting. At whom was Josish Bond, a Quaker, who eloquently posed the sectarian bigotry and religious iatolerance wh the evangelicals are endeavoring to cstablis in the I: of Penn. | The decision of the Supreme Court was denounced, ‘Measures were advised to be instituted to. legislate Present law out of existence. The demonstration was avery strong ono, avd cal lated to arcuse the popular feeling hitherto dormant in| ‘vor of the repeal of the ozisting laws restricting tray The New York State Temperance Sock: Axnany, July 80, 1 The adjourned annual mooting of the Stato Society is called to meet at Saratoga on the Sd of Camius M, Clay on the Stump in Kentuel Cixcinnaty, July 90, 185) Cassius M. Clay addressed a Inrgo audieace last ing at Covington, Kentucky, on the, polftical of the day, with regard to the gubsrnatorial ¢! He advovated noithor side, but dynounced bovh datos—Holl and Magofin—s polisical quacks, His