The New York Herald Newspaper, July 18, 1859, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. Patacececernerennn JAMES GORDON BSARETE, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. OFTIGE H.W. CORNER OF FULTON AND MASSAU OFS. ‘edeance, Money tah willbe at the MEI ce” Ponape singe’ wat resiecd as edearieton FEE GABE AED 8° Sn PL ET SPs Sours oe Paper mma arora. aren rio, . = rs in on he nd HO ‘sack month cin omit THe FAMILY HRRALD, on Wednesday, a fowr eonts per sey or 82 per cman : taloaed from ong of tha soon ; wend, will be AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING, PALAOR GARDEN AND HALL, Fourteenth streot— Sacnap Concent, AMUSEMENTS TO MORROW EVENING. NIBLO’S GARDEN, Broadway.—Douszr axp Sox— Barsy Daxer, gnowaar THEATRE, Bowery—Jexny Divens—Fesncn ¥. WALLAOK’S THEATRE, Broadway.—Lawta Rooxu— Tnisa Lion, NATIONAL THEATRE, Chatham street.—Darix it Ses— Gueex Braire—Firine Dotcuman, ARNUM'S AMERICAN MUSEUM, Broadway.—After- noon and Bening” Wine tax Wisse, MINSTREL BUILDING, 561 and 563 coal ruores Sones, Daxces, 4c.—Danuizs ox Tus Lavan. PALACE GARDEN AND HALL, Fourteenth street— Concert axD Dansants. New York, Monday, July 15, 1859. The News. The Indian arrived in the river St. Lawrence yes. terday, with European news to noon of the 6th inst., twe days later. The latest accounts from the seat of war in Italy are to the 4th inst. On the day previous Napoleon left Volta, crossed the Min- cio, and established his headquarters at Villegio. Marshal Niel’s corps occupied Villafranca, and the main body of the French army, reinforced by the troops under Prince Napoleon, were preparing to advance upon Verona. The Sardinians were prose- cuting the siege of Peschiera with grest vigor, and a portion of the Piedmontese force was advancing towards the Stelvio pass. Such was the position of the Allies on the 4th. We have not a word as to the movements of the Austrians, except a report from Castiglione that they had entered Verona, An arrangement for an exchange of prisoners had been agreed upon by the two Emperors. The news from Germany is important. Prussia Was actively preparing to place two army corps on the Silesian frontier, and 140,000 soldiers on the Rhine. When these preparaticn are completed Bhe will, it is stated, present propositions of peace to France, and it is also stated that these proposi- tions will assuredly be rejected by Napoleon. The Liverpool cotton market closed dull but Steady on the Sth, withont material change in prices. The accounts from Manchester are more favorable. All descriptions of breadstuffs had de- clined slightly. Consols on the 6th, 93 a 93} for both money and account. American securities un- changed in prices and inactive. By way of England we have news from South America, dated Buenos Ayres the 28th, and Monte- video the 31st of May; Rio Janiero the Sth, Bahia the 11th, and Pernambuco the Mth of June. Buenos Ayres was making active military prepara- tions to resist the Argentine Confederation in the coming war. It was said that the Ngpisters of the United States and England would interfere strenu- ously to prevent bloodshed. Trade was much de- pressed in Buenos Ayres, but a fair business was done in the other States. By the arrival of the overland mail we have ad- vices from San Francisco to the 24th inst., four days later than the accounts received via the Isthmus. The administration State Convention had met and nominated Miltan T Than 10T Go- worner, aud J.C. Downing for Lieutenant Governor. Jobn C. Burch was nominated for Congress from the Northern district, but the candidate for the Southern district had not been selected. Business was very dull at San Francisco, owing to the non- arrival of vessels from Atlantic ports. From the French West Indies we have accounts @ated at Martinique and Guadaloupe to the 12th of June. In the last named island tremendous rain for twelve hours had caused inundations at Pointe-a- Pitre, but, though much damage was done, no lives were lost. Captain Maussion de Candé,the new Governor of Martinique, had taken possession of his office, and in s proclamation to the inhabitants had expressed a hope that the state of siege, ren- dered necessary by incendiary fires, could soon be put an end to. Among our telegraphic despatches may be found the substance of an opinion of the United States Attorney General on the naturalization question. It was rendered, by direction of the government, during the pendency of the Cabinet's delibera- tions npon the case of Mr. Ernst, who has been held to military service in Hanover, and whose re- lease our Minister at Berlin has been instructed to demand. Our readers are also referred to the pro- ceedings of a public meeting, held in the Bowery yesterday, with reference to the naturalization question, which are given in another part of to- day's paper. The observance of the Sunday laws was sought to be enforced by the police yesterday as daring the past three “undays, but with the same wise mo- deration characterizing the previous efforts in this direction. There was no interference with the lager bier saloons, and sacred music and the Teu- tonic beverage were jointly and harmoniously dis- pensed at Jones’ Wood and other popular Sunday suburban resorts. Most of the corner liquor stores in the city were closed, and there was consequently but little drunkenness and few arrests. The public houses on the Bloomingdale road kept open bars, and the proprietors, as well as the patrons, dida Griving business. It was reported yesterday that some of the Police Commissioners, satisfied that a strict enforcement of the Sunday laws would not only be tyrannical, but a dangerous experiment, have declared their intention to carry the point no farther than insisting on the closing up of all the corner and low groggeries, and suppression of any open and glaring violations of the Sabbath. The steamer Ravenswood, while on the passage from Madisonville to New Orleans, took fire on Saturday last, and, together with her cargo, was totally destroyed. There were thirty persons on board the boat at the time of the disaster, all of whom escaped except one, who was drowned in at empting to reach the shore. Rev. Dr. Baird, who has travelled much in Italy, delivered an interesting lecture last evening, at the Lexington avenue Baptist church, on the Waldenses and the war in Italy. The lecture is sketched in another column. ‘The inciemency of the weather on Satarday tended to check business in tome branches. ‘The European news ex- erciged no influence of moment pon the Prices of cotton or other produce. The sales embraced about 1,000 bales, closing firm on the basis of about 11% c. for middling up- lands. Flour was again heavy and tales Testricted, and Closed at a decline of from 0c. to 2c. per DbL Wheat was Beary and lower. The sales inclated common ts cholce white Southern st $1 50a $1 75, the lattor tzure | for new, and old whito Kentucky. Oorn was arm but quiet: new Western mixed was held at 9lc., ana choice Southern yollow at 95c. Pork wae again beary and lower, with gales of new mess at $15 80a $15 9: thin mess at ¢ ond $420 $12 25 for prime The besvy fall of re vengactions im sugar, which Were confined fall prices. Coffee ww seedy: saler of tyra were made, pe + for export, at L1We. Fr emenia were quite bene ee sete tate Bi ‘Verona Invested by the Aliles. The steamer Ind av, which passed Farther Point on her way to Quebec yesterday, brings us new; om the seat of war two days later than that previously received—namely, to noon on the 6th inst. No engagement had succeeded the affair at Solferino, and it would seem from this intelligence that another general action in the open field might not be calculated upon, but that the Austrians, who appear to have been grievously disorganized and demoralized by;the acfeat of Solferino, have already entrenched themselves within the four fortresses of their great stronghold, the strategic quadrangle, and that the war was about to assume the aspect of a succession of sieges, beginning with Peschiera and Verona. ‘The siege of Peschiera was commenced by the Sardinians on the 28th of June. On the follow- ng Gay they had closely invested the outer fortifications on the right bank of the Miacio, which form an entrenched camp around the city; and on the 30th the French army crossed the river to invest it on the left bank. Meantime Prince Napoleon’s corps had arrived on the scene of battle, and thus strengthened, the French force were preparing operations against Verona. The headquarters ef Louis Napoleon had advanced to Vallegio. The Austrians were apparently in the largest force at Verona, so at least it was reported by intelligence received at Castiglione, bat their advance posts extended nearly down to Villafranca, which point Marshal Niel oc- cupied with his division of French troops, The movement of the Allies towards the posi- tion occupied by the Austrians in the Stelvio Pass seems to have been opportune, if not wholly successful, for the latter had withdrawn from Bormio, a town situated at the foot of the pags, and the Piedmontese were push- ing on towards the Stelvio. The import- ance of cutting off the passes to the Tyrol cannot be overlooked, and this seems to bejthe immediate duty of Garibaldi, supported now by General Cualdini and a strong force of,Pied- montese. This compr‘ses about all the intelligence we have received from the theatre of war. Prussia, it is said, is busy with proposals for peace at the same time that she is hastening up her warlike preparations, According to an an- nouncement in the Diet, she was about to send two corps d’armée to the Silesian frontier as a precautionary measure against any attack from Russia in that quarter; two corps of 40,000 men were destined for the lower and middle Rhine, all @which were to be ready to march within a week. At the same time we are informed in the foggy language of diplomacy and telegraphs that she is about to offer “tranquillizing assurances” to the French government, and that the propo- sals of peace she is about to make are now,in the hands of Russia and England, and will be sub- mitted to France as soon as her hostile) opera- tions on the Rhine are completed. The result of the peace proposals to France after this is accomplised it is not difii- cult to foresee. If these statements Zcan be relied upon, a prompt refusal to listen to any propositions from the Court of Berlin is in- evitable. But we are disposed to doubt the ac- curacy of these rumors, as well as that which would make a condition of the proposal the erection of Venice into a kingdom, with the Archduke Maximilian as King. It strikes us that a movement of that character would be somewhat premature. The fate of Austrian do- minion in Italy has yet to be decid¢d, either on field a Ranmnnnny tate tay Hefoneetuctos oF Bc ae Position there, what- ever it may be, need be entered upon. Porcian Views on Porrrics.—A batch of cor- respondence, which we have received from vari- ous parts of the country, and which we publish to-day, reveals an inside view of the popular sen- timent in respect to political measures and men. In that regard the correspondence is instructive and interesting. The first letter in the batch is from a State rights democrat in Alabama, who declares that unless the Southern platform be edopted at the Charleston Couventicn the democracy will be blown sky high, and the business of the South with the North will be at an end. That platform is protection by Congress to slave property in the Territories. Jefferson Davis, in his speeches in New England last summer, attempted to calm down the anti-slavery sentiment there, and to remove the prejudice against the Kansas-Nebras- ka bill, by explaining its effect to be, that unless the people of a Territory adopted measures to protect slave property within their limits slavery could not be introduced there. He said that the mere failure on the part of the Territorial Legis- latares to pass laws for the protection of such property was practically tantamount to their passing laws prohibiting slayery there, and ad- mitted that they had the right to do that. No one will accuse Jefferson Davis of much leaning towards Northern principles as opposed to Southern interests; and yet there were the argu- ments with which he made such a fine impression on the people of New England in July, 1858, But that view of the working of the Kansas- | Nebraska bill has undergone a radical change in | certain quarters, and now the demand is that the | law which repealed the Missouri Compromise | shall be itself repealed, and that Corgress shall, | when necessary, intervene in the affairs of the | Territories so {ar as to protect slave property in them, even against the Territorial laws that may forbid its introduction. This is the new South- ern platform which we are told must be incorpo- rated in that of the Charleston Convention, on pain of that aseembly seeing itself broken up into fragments. We are also informed that a pure State | rights party isto formed in Georgia, Alabama | and Louisiana during the coming winter, of | which the names of the members will astonish | us It is in this connection that we are told we may depend upon it the Southern people have | neasly finished their business with the Northern. | It is of little consequence what parties are formed in either section, and what big words are indulged in about independent sectional confederacies, 80 long as the great heart of the people is sound, as we believe it is, in patriotism and love for the Union. From Iowa our correspondence is exclusively confined to a review of Judge Douglas’ letter to Mr. Dorr, and is far from complimentary to either of these gentlemen. Our Philadelphia letters P igd pretty fall de- scriptions of the doings of great and small Politicians in the =. State, and of the | Schemes that are on for cmamie the demo- | Static aud onpceiticn Présideniial nominations. “ESTES SAY of ec ce | Kacens Constitutional ve | letter from Wyant Wiiateren ata | ,, Tbus our readers have popular views of na i tioval and minor politic Bi it may be inter- (hes W cond ang eudy, ‘ NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, JULY 18. 1859, The Latest from tho WarePoschiera and | Siguificant Onigivingsixym RussinwThe He arrangement of Europe. The frank and explicit declarations of the Russian official documents, and of the recognized organs of official opinion in St. Petersburg, have long since proved the intimate relations that exist between that Power and France, and fre- quently foreshadowed the policy that was to be ya) sved in the present conflict in Europe. Thus, as lon: back as the middle of February last, when several of the other Powers were stil eiriving to accommodate matters between France and Austria, the Jnvalide Russe, the organ of the Russian War Office, stated that war would ensue, and that after the first decisive battle the treaties of Viinna must be revised and remedel- led. After this came the evident cbnourrent action between the Courts of Paris and St- Petersburg on the various questions of diplo- matic mediation, When the war broke out, and Austria endeavored to secure allies in Germany, Russia sent to the German Courts the strongly worded circular with which our readers are ac- quainted; and since then she has intimated to Austria that if she should find powerful allies in Germany she might by that very step create powerful enemies elsewhere. The language of the Gortechakoff circular to the German Powers has been singularly corrobo- rated by a recent circular of Monsieur Walewski to the French diplomatic agente, Following these indications, we have now a short but plain epoken article, published in the Jnvalide Russe, and reprinted in another column, which partially lifts the veil from the intentions of Louis Napo- leon and Alexander. It states that a Congress will have to decide upon the fate of Italy, for in the European politi- cal system important changes must be sanctioned by the great Powers. It cites the instances of the eight millions of Irishmen calling for inde- pendence; of the ten millions of Christians in Turkey sighing to be relieved from the Ottoman yoke; and of the Czechians, Hungarians and Poles; none of whom could obtain national inde- pendence without the consent of the reigning Powers. This fact, it asserts, is recognized by Louis Napoleon and Victor Emanuel, neither of whom bases his claims only on victories won, but both will await for the consent of Europe to sanction the acquisition of either territory or tights. On these grounds it argues that it is desirable to call together a Congress as soon as poeeible A The facts we have cited form a strong chain of circumstantial evidence that a complete plan was laid some time since between France and Russia to change the territorial arrapgement of Europe as recognized in exist- ing treaties. France aims to sweep away the al- ready violated and paralyzed compacts of Vi- enna, which exclude the Napoleonic dynasty from her throne, and herself from extending to the Rhine. Russia wishes to regain what she lost by the war in the Crimea and the treaties of Paris, and to deprive Austria of the power she wielded so fatally to Russian interests when, during the Crimean contest, she marched her armies into the Danubian Principalities. These things can only be done in a Congress of the Eu- Topean Powers; and such a gathering must be preceded by a rain of blood. Whether the tor- rent that has already been shed on the plaing of Lombardy will suffice to cool the war fever of Europe time only can determine. The Congress will meet, no doubt, at an carly day; but whether it will reportion Europe and fill it with “satis. fied nationalities,” or whether it will break up in pactian - Pita ic bale oe Nfapend on the posi- tion that England may assume. The states- men who comprehend the epoch we live in all condemn the policy of Austria as incompatible with the spirit of the age, and productive only of turmoil and revolution to the nations and the reigning Powers. France, Russia and Italy will be banded against her in the Congress. She can only look for support from Germany; and there she will not find it. Under the lead of Prussia, Germany is hastening to what Metternich called Teuton- sm and Protestanism, or, in other words, to Ger- many unity and the complete separation of the temporal from the ecclesiastical power. Prus. sia can act only as England coneents to support ber; and if England holds aloof, Austria will be forced to give up her possessions out of Germany proper, and with them perhaps her medieval theories of goverfment. The views, then, of England governing Prussia, and through Prus- sia the Germanic Confederation, will not only make her the raling Power in the coming Con- gress, but perhaps the arbiter of Europe. ‘What, then, will be the course of England in a European Congress for the repartition of the na- tions? England herself cannot determine thi® important point until the aims of France and Ruseia shall have been in some degree made ap- parent by their propositions and the conse- quent discussions at the meeting. Will Russia aim to revenge on England the part she took in the Crimean war, as she is now doing towards Austria? Will ehe seek to push her territorial acquisitions nearer to the direct route to India: and thus peril the British Indian empire? The citing of the eight millions of discontented Irishmen by one of the admitted Russian organs betokens no love for England. And then what does France want? Is the Mediterranean to be made French lake? Must Belgium be acquired and the frontiers of France be pushed to the Rhine through a war with England? Is Waterloo yet to be avenged? Is the phan- tom menace of Cherbourg to become a re- ality? The campaign in Italy seems to be nearly ended, and Louis Napoleon may keep his pro- mise to be back in Parisin August. Then we shall have the European Congress discussing these questions through the fall and winter, until the spring of 1360 ehall tell us whether Europe is to be repartitioned or deluged in blood bya general war. eels Tae Scspar Desporrsu.—Yesterday the plous Pillsbury was on hand with his myrmidons to do battle against Sunday rum and groggeries, lager bier and “German gardens.” A fall re- port of his doings will be found in our columns today. The city was very quiet, and with the exception of a few arrests of disorderly people in the streets, which are of ordinary occurrence every day in the week, the vigilant police ap- Pear to have achieved literally nothing. Not that the drinking places were not open and as accessible as they ever were, but that the officers would not or could not enter, Never, perhapa, was more liquoy drank in New York in one day than yesterday ‘Tie sham battle of pious Pillsbury against brandy and beer is highly amusing. Was he cowed by public opinion, “willing to wound, but afraid to strike?” or did he make » mere abow of fight to sare appear- opeee? The law dove not permit the poltve to etter pullic house, aud they are probibited by? gang Othervrice, i iz quite poste that the ! their book of instructions from doing #0 unless called in to prevout a riot or breach of the peace, or to make an arrest for Some orime, Now, if an officer is not permitted to enter & public house, how can he prove that liquor is sold or consumed on the premisest The whole of this movement is, therefore, humbug, got up for the manufacture of political capital for the black republicans; and there is none who laughs 80 heartily at it in his sleeve as the godly Super- intendent. The resolutions of the Police Com- miseioners are the most arrant hypocrisy, for they know that neither they nor their pious Pillsbury can carry them out. Tue Tax Orrice Improciio—The Suaper- visors submitted to a well known lawyer the question as to the constitutionality of the law passed last session placing the appointment of Tax Commissioners in the hands of the Comp- troller. It was understood on all sides that the opinion to be given should go into the whole merits of the case, not in the manner of an argu- ment one way or the other, but asa decision or advice upon which the Board could safely base its action and determine its responsibilities. The opinion has been published, and itis held that the Comptroller, who is a city officer, cannot be empowered by the Legislature to appoint the ‘Tax Commissioners, who are county officers. It would also seem to appear that while the Comp- troller’s power to appoint is void, the power of the Supervisors is expressly repealed. There is, accordingly, but a very shattered basis of law left under which it may be dubiously assumed that somebody mtay have authority te apportion and ascees the taxes of the county. Convictions of the legal gentleman referred to on this point are not given, nor is any course indicated for the Board of Supervisors. But a resolution spe- cial'y referring the matter to a committee, with power to send for persons and papers, has been adopted, indicating that serious and unusual proceedings must be taken before the tax rolls can be confirmed. It would now seem as if the parties concerned in procuring the extraordinary change in the mode of appointing the assessors of the county were aware of the illegality of that proceeding, and that the Comptroller in reappointing the old Tax Commissioners did an act which in his esti- mation the circumstances of the case compelled, against a strong personal antipathy, which he frankly expressed with regard to the individuals whom he so reappointed. It is currently given out by his friends, as an apology, thst a different procedure would have probably vacated the Tax Office, without leaving even the color of autho- tity anywhere to give validity to the assessment rolls. It is assumed that the Commissioners may be sustained on the ground that they are holding over until their successors shall be appointed, and that this colorable authority, derived from their original appointment by the Super- visors, may carry through the present as- sesement rolls as in advance of a judi. extent to which the effect of the repeal of the law ope- rates is only to be inferred from the opinion. mers is really void with respect to the present tax rolls, or only o with respect to any future work ofthis nature; how far the salaries, and the duty of the Supervisors as to providing offices, books, &c., are affected, has not been given out. But if all these are only contingent provisions for ofti- cials who have never been created (by the facto possession of office ever May pe very unpru- fitably affected for the incumbents. If the power of the Supervisors in the premises is abrogated cial question being raised. The Whether the power of the Tax Co Corpse for appointing, how shall it stand as to providing for salaries? It is probable that “conclusions” of the ad- vising counsel have reached farther than the published abstract or the document as entered upon the minutes of the Supervisors. It would be useless, as well as quite at variance with our tules, to supprees a fact which in reality is so well known, that the opinion as rendered did cover all these points. It is currently stated that the opinion, like the conjurations of Franken- stein, presented so unexpected a result to the Supervisors that they have been influenced to hide the real state of the case for fear of reaching only the one result— the overthrow of this year’s tax levy—with- out any chance of a remedy short of another legislative interference in the premises. How far this may be so we are not exactly able to say, but in a question so vital to the public in- terests it can only serve to screen the reckless ness of the originators of this law to mutilate and suppress the document in question. The Supervisors have proceeded with a well advised precaution thus far, and whilst they may properly take heed of provoking any unnecessa- ry disaster to the tax levy the assess- ment rolls, yet it is to be hoped that their over- weening;conservatism shall not be made use of to prevent a full exposure of this extraordinary enactment. We are aware that a powerful pres- sure has been brought to bear to suppress the whole of the opinion, which the Supervisors have not regarded. The document is public property, and from the mode of ita introduction the public are entitled to it entire. In fact there are pri- vate parties who are ready to step into the place of the Supervisora and open legal proceedings on their own account against the Tax Office, They have possessed themselves of all the points, and will not be deterred from bringing matters to a test in the courts. Indeed, as the Tax Com- missioners are divided among themselves, and as two of the three assume to act independently, and without meeting with the third, those of the old asseseors who have been in this manner re- moved will sue for their salaries, and so bring up the old question; the law requires the ac- tion of the three Commissioners. Let us hare the rest of the opinion, and know exactly where we stand. Tue Mississirrt Democracy Broarse tHe Questiox.—The late State Convention of the Mississippi democracy adopted, among others, the following resolutioa:— Resolved, That in the event of the election of a black republican candidate for the Presidency, by the suifrages fo Rend preg eden plc over the whole Pe magi ne -genmen m ger ‘Misniss'pp! will regard it as a declaration of hostil: ‘and ‘will bold herself in readiness, or in oon cert, to co-operate with her sister States of the South in Talnlooance of thelr Tights sa covsqual members x ie coufederacy. This is begging the question. This is crying “paccavi” before the fight begins; and the Mis siseippi sefise of chivalry ought to be ashamed of it, Their true policy is to cast oterboard the surplasage of their Southern rights platform, such as thelr “wild Africans,” the filibusters, &e., and fall in the broad national wake of Mr, Bachanan’s adinivisfration. Let them do this, and they r 8 Northern balance of wer cor lack republi- publican National Convention, as set forth in the following paragraph, viz:— jority of the re; the wu black rop2tliosas wit cet their man, in which ev-nt it will be too late for tue doption of any Sothern ultra movem-nts to nty‘lify the yosult, ————____ . Tax Deep Scorr Decision Raviewen—A ve"9 important legal question has lately arisen in Virginia affecting tie principles laid dowa in the Dred Scott decision as to the status of alaves. A slave woman answering to the name of Amy was tried and convicted at the last May term of the United States Circuit Court at Richmond for stealing a letter from the Post Office. Her con- viction was had under the act of Congress of March 3, 1828, which provides for the punish- ment of offences againat the Post Office by fine and imprisonment. The sentence of Amy was two years imprisonment in the penitentiary. A motion for a new trial was made and argued be- fore Chief Justice Taney—the grounds taken there, as well as on the original trial, being that under the Dred Scott decision slaves were pronounced to be property, not persons; that it was only in the former sense that they were at all recognized in the constitution of the United States ; that the act of 1828 could have had no reference to slaves, because they had no liberty of which to be deprived, no pro- perty from which to pay fines; and that if it were to be extended to slaves, then that other clause of the constitution was also applicable to them, which declares that trials of all kinds, ex- cept in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury— in other words, by a jury of one’s peers. But Judge Taney overruled all these pleas, and de- nied the motion for a new trial. Our Richmond correspondence, which we print elzewhere, shows that this case has ex- cited a great deal of interest in legal circles there, and that the general opinion is that this decision of Judge Taney’s conflicts with that in the Dred Scott case. There does certaialy appear to be a contradiction in terms between the two cases; for while in the latter, this slave is held to be criminally responsible as a civil person, it is declared in the former that as regards slaves there is no other power found in the constitution save to treat them as property and to protect it. It will require a considerable amount of meta- pbysical argument to reconcile these apparently conflicting decisions; and we presume another case will have to be got up to give the Supreme Court an opportunity of doing so. Outside of this seeming conflict between the two decisions, there afe other minor points in- volved in this prosecution of a slave by the fede- ral government. For instance, there is no guarantee to the ewner that after the term of imprisonment expires the slave will be returned to him. The marshal is not directed to do so. He has nothing to do when the sentence expires but to throw open the prison doors and let the slave go free; and if the punishment were to be inflicted, not at Richmond but at Washington, the owner might have some difficulty in recovering her. Then again, is the owner to receive no compensation for the loss of his slave? ‘The federal laws make no such provision, though in many instances the State laws do. All these difficulties—say those who hold that Judge Ta- ney’s decision is wrong—might be obviated if the slave were tried under the State laws for lar- ceny of the letter, and sentenced to be well whipped. The case will, it is said, be brought before the attention of Congress, and there we presume the whole merits of the controversy will be opened up. In the meantime, the cor- respondence which we publish will enable our readers to understand thoroughly the subject. FRIAUB Meeeeovrcn ON THE AFFAIRS OF Ecrore.—We publish in another column to-day an interesting report of several conversations with Prince Metternich on certain European questions and the art of conducting public affairs in general. Although written ten years since, it has never been given to the public until recently, when it appeared in the Univers, the Catholic organ in Paris. These conversations give us in some de- gree an inside view of the opinions of one of the most practised statesmen of Europe, though in their perusal we cannot escape the conviction that, with that courtesy which is peculiar to his craft, Metternich, in his utterances, never forgot the convictions of the man with whom he was conversing, and who, in this instance, was a stout supporter of the all-subduing policy of the Church of Rome. This is characteristically ex- hibited in his manner of speaking of and con- demning the Jesuits, as reported in these con- versations, There is much in them which is pertinent to the present agitation of Europe and to the war in Italy. The remarks on the position of the Pope and its relations to the other Powers of Europe give a lucid statement of one of the greatest difficulties now presented to states- men. The future of Germany, too, as con- templated by Metternich, will be instructice to those who refuse to se2 the Tentonic empire as it is foreshadowing itself. He saw the revolu- tionary elements that are cerminating there, and admits their coming triumph. In regard to Italy there may be a doubt whether his reasonings were sufficiently mature. His deductions, how- ever, are those of an experienced mind? Every other subject touched by him in these conversa- tions is lucidly treated, and will give much food for thought. When he comes to speak of the “Metternich 1 ape however, he lays bare the whole secret of his character, and shows to the world what Prince Metternich truly was. In acknowledging that he never attacked impossibilities—that is things impossible to present attainment—he con- fesses that he was a man without any settled political aim, whose whole study was to meet present exigencies. This view of him is sus- tained by a conversation which he once had with an American gentleman some years since. “If I resided in America,” said Metternich, “I should be a locofoco.” And we doubt not that he would have been one of the Marcy stamp, always siding with the majority, but being in government, always striving to make the art o government easy by endeavoring to stop the de- velopement of ideas and to clog the wheels of Popular progress, Tae Repcstican Natioxat Cosventios—Tas Stvore District System or Exectixe Dexe- GaTEs—A Western writer in the Washington National Era advances a long argument in favor of the plan of electing the delegates to the Re- votes cast an additional delegate; sali delegates to elected by ballot ut conventions held in each - sloval district, and not by State Conyeatwns, (ae ite. rae ‘State Conventions of the several Btates only a 1g two or four delegates. aa tha Natiana) Commits Agree, for the Stato at large, to act as Senatorial delogaten. The writer contends that this plan wil pre- yuint the party from being cheated by outsiders, and by little cliques and cabats, who, under the State Couyention lumping system, may rule the roast and defeat the party in the main battle. The anti-Albany Regemey democracy of this State entertain eimilar views of the State Conveution system of electing delegates to Charleston. There must have been heretofore consideralve cheating under this process, if we may judge from these remonstrances, democratic and op- position, to its continuance. We shall know more as the debate goes on. Tue Boston Tape Sates—Bustveas First 4np Pieasurs A¥TERWARDs.—The citizens of New England are an energetic a8 well as a great literary people. Not only have they raised up in their midst a “modern Athens” to dazzle and illuminate the continent; absorbed all the poeta, and taken under their special care all the nig- geré, but, not content with this vast monopoly of letters and philanthropy, they are now endea- vering to secure all the trade by a sagacious combination of auction sales and corporation feastings. Our Boston correspondent furnishes in another column a resumé of the late trade salea held im that city last week, of which we have been re- ceiving the generalities by telegraph for seme days past. The Bostonians, with their accustomed quickness of invention, hit upon the plan of a great trade sale just at this time to draw to the “modern Athens,” the great mart of wooden clocks and philanthropic poetastry, the merchants from the West and South, now ia these parts on their way to the watering places, In addition to the business part of the scheme, they designed to take in a little pleasure also, in the shape of bountiful collations and dinners, and lastly a grand excursion down the harbor om Saturday, at the expense of the corporation; thus uniting cotton goods with champagne, boots and shoes with “black-strap” and beef la mode, glass ware with gin cocktails, clocka with cold chicken, and the other notions for which the place is famous with pumpkin pies, ice cream and “fixings,” and appropriately wind- ing up this rare repast with a refreshing and relieving spell of seasickness all round. The sales commencedon Wednesday and continued until Saturday, when they closed with the corporate Larbecue referred to. Some business, however, still remains to be done to-day, but it is not of much importance, We hope our Athenian neighbors enjoyed themselves, commercially and socially. It was a greater week for Boston than Anniversary Week or Thanksgiving time. More Lerrens.—It is reported that Mr. Doug- Jag is preparing another and an elaborate mani- festo on “popular sovereignty.” Let him not, however, be led astray by the twenty-nine oo- lamn Stamford letter of Governor Wise, or he may provoke the Governor into a forty columa reply. Let the Judge also bear in mind the impending dog-days, and be merciful to the po- liticians, Squatter sovereignty may be a very good thing, but “enough is as good as a feast,”” and another shert letter from the great expounder of this dcctrine will carry us through the sum- mer. INTERESTING FROM WASHINGTON. Mexican Affairt—Three to Five Thousand’ American Soldiers Wanted by the Juarez Government—No Bruisers or Filibusters Need Apply, dc. OUB SPECIAL WASHINGTON DESPAToH. ‘Wasumaton, July 17, 1859, The Mexican Minister has a despatch from President Juarez’s Minister of Finance, who arrived at New Orleans from Mexico yesterday, on his way to this city, Juarez ‘Would like the assistance of from three to five thousand American troops, commanded by brave gentlemen and efficient officers; but desires no aid from rowdies or fili- Dusters. He says he has more to fear than to expect from such help. Ee is determined to maintain his position, and does not doubt his ability to do go, Senor Mata does not think Santa Anna has any intea- tion of attempting to return to Mexico at present. THE GENERAL NEWSPAPER DESPATCH. OPINION OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL ON THE NATU- RALIZATION QUESTION. Wasaiseton, July 17, 1859. Previous to the preparation of the recent official letter to our Minister at Berlin, instructing bim to demend of the Hanoverian government the surrender of Mr, Ernst, Attorney General Black, at the request af the President, rendered an opinion in the case, maintaining the general right of expatriation as incontestible, and that in regard to the protection of our citizens in their rights at home and abroad we have no law which divides them into classes, or makes any difference whatever between them; that s native and a naturalized American citizen may, therefore, go forth with equal security over every sea and through every land under heaven, in- cluding the country in which the Iter was born; either of them may be taken for a debt contracted, or a crime committed by him, but both are absolutely free from all political obligations to every country but thoir own; they are both American citizens, and their exclusive allegiance is due to the government of the United States. In Judge Biack’s opinion the Hanoverian government cannot justify the arrest of Mr. Ernst by showing that he emigrated contrary to the laws of that country, unless it can also be proved that the original right of expatriation depends on the consent of the natural sovereign, and this last proposition he is sure no man can establiah, NEWS FROM MEXICO, Arrival of $723,000 in Specie at New Ore leans—Confiscation of the Church Pro- rt, a . Caer eee eee. aw Cecil ty 16; 1s The steamship Tenneesee brings Vera Cruz advices of the 13th, and $725,000 im specie. The sloop-of-war Brooklyn has on board the project of 8 treaty between Mexico and the United States. President Juarez issued a decree on the 13th, declaring the property of the church to be national property. The British steamship Teviot sailed on the 6th with $2,250,000 in evecie. The revolutionists in Yucatan have quietly dispersed after capturing Governor Barrera, Miramon proposed to issue $18,000,000 worth of forced paper currency, and was also about raisihg a forced loan from all natives from $9 to $600 each. ‘The Tennessee was detained tili the 13th, to enable Mr. McLane to send important despaiches. Juarez's Miniater cf Finance is among the passengers; he comes to negotiate a loan on the church property. Tepic bad been captured by the liberals. Several veasels were recently lost ina violent hurri- cane of the coast of Tuspan and Tecohitla. ‘Toe French bark Aunahuai was lost off Tampico. Juarez’s manifesto prohibits the clergy from holding office, and throws them on the voluntary support of the laity. [t also abolishes internal custom houses and in- ternal taxation. News from California and Oregon, Sr. Lévts, July 16, 1859, The ¢verland mail has arrived, with San Francisco dates of the 24th ult Rich discoveries of gold bad been made in the Qoast Peres Mountains, Humboldt county. *4 extremely doll at San Franciscs, owing 0 coveral clippers overdun, ‘The republicans of the West, and doubtiess a large ma- i iblicaas of tbe Union, will unite with us ‘ational Committee to adopt erp of md when they issue their call to address it to the republicans and ali friends of freedom in the United States, and to invite them to assemble ia their re Congreesional districts in each State and unite ip el delegates to the Republican Natioval Conyen. {ion on tbe foliowing basis, to wit: One delegave for cach Congreeaioual district, without regard cmber o | repablicaa votes casi, sod annthe; for every sbad noe'nated Mison 8. Latham for 8.000 rep ‘a deep ath nt T Goherase oy for Liewtanar.t Governor, ait Joba seca m% jb on of 8,000 runt! S. Bacch for Comgrena im tha Nowthern distrig, ‘The nom. leat