The New York Herald Newspaper, July 9, 1859, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. JANES GORLOOR BeRRROe EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR OF 7163 H.W. SORNWS OF FLOM AND MAUD Ors —_———<$—$$$ as it was rumored that he died of yellow fever, his vessel having arrived from Port au Prince about a week ago, but they came to the conclusion that the rumor was unfounded. Judge Russell disposed of twenty-three cases yesterday in the General Sessions, having sat tilla pre sts tlh be whe J scene Ben a cused ns ecerriation fan waency i pong oe a tren Ws Sts wp, fpr om erage rane Fakiotnsa Adlon oh the G's A nh moval af os ons “aM bawtuy WEALD, on Wednesday, @ four snuper "YT oNPaRT CORRESPOND ANOS, nei emmcernsem, rere eat paid a ‘CoRameronvents Pane 7 Ruqunsren vo Aust aus Werrane swe Pact GTO NOTICE taken yy anonymous correspondence. We de not veers gmat VERTISEMENTS renewed every day; cdlvorHenments "te sertad im the Wanuny Histai, Fire insenin, wd tn the Bervpean Edisions OST PRLWTING conden teuh naainees, chaapnen and de discharged, and the Judge intends to try all the cases on Saturday. contain a word of news. day, at which they received applications for nine- teen licenses, which were granted on the usual terms. The Attorney for the Commissioners of Excise has in his hands, ready to put into the hands of the Sheriff, over a thousand compla‘nts against storekeepers and innkeepers who have not taken out their licenses. The Commission have SS Volume KXIV,..........0cceecrreees +. MO 188 Paden nse bi Riches vaso alse —=——————————OOOOO AMUBEMBNTS THIS EVENING. out immediately they discontinue the suits against the city there are from 500 to 600 respectable storekeepers who have sold liquor for the past year without having any license. a The Police Commissioners yesterday adopted a series of resolutions, presented by Mr. Ulshoeiler, in relation to the enforcement of the Sunday laws. One of the resolutions declares that the present NIBLO'® GARDEN Srosaway.—Sextous Fawiiy—Tas ‘Toopiss—Prren ano Pavi. BOWERY THEATRES, Bowery.—Tas Quumw’s Piot— Wizaap Sxirr—Rooent Macarena. MBTROPOLITAN THBATBE (Late Burton’s).—~Busix Hovse- Oneat Tuacic Beviva.. WALLACE’S THEATRE, Broadway.—Inua Hossin— ‘Youxe Actanss. LAURA KEENBS THEATRE, Ni Broadway.—T. Ostice ‘Gensou Masuanieino. nivel oy icky NATIONAL THBATRE, Chatham etreet.—Tunzs GuaRps- ™EN—Cort 70 Nuxss—Et Hyper. ly in public exhibitions and trafficking in liquovs and other like things, should, as far as the law allows, be prevented by the whole power of the police force and of the magistracy. By an arrival at this port we have later accounts from South America, the details of which may be found in another column. Buenos Ayres and the BABNUMWS AMPYICSN MOSEUM, Broadway.—Afer- noon—Gwvnvern VavowsN—TaiLor OF Tamworte. Kvea- ing—Macio Wait WOOD'S MIABTR¥L BUILDING, 561 and 663 Broadway.— Erutorsa® Songs, Dances, &c.—Dakgixs OX THE LEYER, for war. The cotton market yesterday, in consequence of the state of the Liverpool market reported by tho late arrivals of steamers, was about 3; cent easier, especially on mid- - = dlipg and lower grades. ‘The sales embraced about 1,300 ew York, Saturday, July 9, 1859 & 1,400 bales, on the basis of quotations given in auother —— eters column. Flour was heavy, and closed at a decline of The Scat ef War. about Se. to 10e. per barrel on State and Western brands, OUR MAP OF THB BATTLE FIBLDS IN ITALY. Southern hae was ativan irregular, but in good de- = " es a mand, with fair to the trade, Wheat was stead; Tux Wexxiy Henitp, which will be famed this | 70.0.5 wimout change of momest Corn was in good morning, will contain the fine map of the SEAT | request and firm at rates given in anvtber place. Pork or War ry Irauy, epecially drawn and engraved | 4s more sctive and Orxer, with sales of moss at $16 a for our columns, and previously published in the pace gr gemini dahacgel eponynt een seer daily issue of Wednesday. tipued firm aod in good demand, with sales of about 2,000 hbds. Cuba and Porto Rico, 250 do. melado, and 260 boxes, In preparing this map, we have carefullyavolded | # prices given in another columa. Coffee was steady, crowding into it such points as have no bearing upon the actual theatre of action, and at the same time we have omitted no point in the actual opera- tions of the armies of tho slightest importance, whether it be the scene of battle, the stand-point of either force during the campaign, or any line of communication employed or likely to be employed by the belligerents. Thus we are able to present our readers with a perfect and distinct picture of the whole scene of operations at a glance, and without the labor of study, which we believe has given universal satis- faction. BRY4NT’S MINSTKELS, Mechanics’ Hall, 427 Broadway, Afernooa spd Kvening~Wkouo BONGE AND BURLESQUAS— I sunt Gor Time 10 Tarr. were 1,0€0 to 1,100 bates 0: cotton for Liverpool, at 1/1. ‘or comprensed, and 6 32d. for uncompressed. Governor Wise, Mr. Douglas and the Charies- ton Convention—Verxy Intercating Disclo- sures. A leading article, which we transfer to this paperfrom the Richmond Enquirer, under the of Messrs. Buchanan and Douglas—Important and Reliable Information Just Received,” is en- eratic President makers of every description. We say this because we know that ihe disclo- tures in question “relating to the prospects and views of Senator Douglas, with reference to the nomination at Charleston,” are authentic and correct; and, 2s we arc under no bonds of gilence upon the subject, we may as well communicate to our readers some interesting particulars touching the ‘reliable source” of this “reliable information” of our Richmond cotemporary. Mr. Douglas, in a quiet way, has been enjopiog ‘The new positions assumed by the different armies since the great battle on the Mincio, and the lead- ing points occupied in the movement of the Alliod troops towards the great strategic square, have been added to the map; so that it is now quite perfect up to the arrival of last acconnts, and will enable our readers to comprehend exactly the strategy employed at the decisive battle of the Mincio. Agents can be supplied. Single copies in wrap- pers, ready for mailing, can be had at the office. Everett House. His visiters unanimously re- port him in prime condition, fut as a model alderman, and gay and buoyant asa young, beautitul, rich and ambilious woman on the eve The News. The arrival of the Hungarian in the river St, Lawrence yesterday enables us to place before vur readers this morning interesting intelligence from Europe to the 29th nltimo, four ‘days later than the advices received by the Asia. The reports relative to the battle between the Allies and Austrians on the 24th ultimo are fully confirmed. It is called the battle of Solierino. But few particulars of the coutlict had reached Paris The bulletins, however, state that the whole body ofthe Austrian army, numbering 150,000 men, crossed the Mincio and occupied strong positions, from which they were driven after twelve reported as frecly communicating to every in- quirer his expectations, calculations and pur- poses concerning the Charleston Conveution. We know, too, that among his most ix yuisitive visiters upon this business no Jess a pcvaonage than Fernando Wood may be included, the right hand man of Governor Wise, and his confidential New York engineer for the Presidency. Here we come to the key of this “reliable in- formation.” Mz. Wood is kaown to Mr. Doug- jas aa the right hand man of Governor Wise. hours hard fighting, and forced to recross the river, It is added that the French troops crossed the Mincio without hesita- the @overnor and the Senator—that while each tion, the Austrians having withdrawn there- | i@ first for himself os the proper man for the from. The Austrians candidiy admit their defeat. | Succession, Wise is the second choice of Doug- late hour in the evening. The Grand Jury were | ®° NEW YORK HERAL,), SATURDAY, JULY 9, 1859. emong the contestants at Charleston, and “stake | The ews from Kurope—Political Sepect of | now in » position to dictate to Europ: sad to bis chances on some forked-tongued compro- mise.” We think, however, that there need be the Victory on the Hanks of tuc sme! The battle of Neumarkt, and the rapid an‘ no fear of this sort; but while we believe that | °F Napoleon on the Tagtiamento, in 17’, Mr. Bncbanan bas not the remotest idea of belag to the opinion that he will be competent not only to hold the balance of power at Charleston, but Our files from the Bahamas are dated at Nassau, | fully prepared to use it to the fallest extent that N.P., on the 22d of June, but the papers do not | he may deem necessary, as the official head of the administration and the party, against North- The Excise Commissioners held a meeting yester- | ern or Southern disorgan'zers. General Jackson, though President in 1836, was pot a candidate for the succession. But he brought the treaty of Oampo Formio; in 1800 ndidute for a second term, we must adhere | Merengo gave rise to the armlatice of Alessan dria; the victory of Hoheulinden, and Napo- leon’s rush across the Minclo iu 1801, led at once to the peace of Luneville; in 1805 Auster. litz brought the peace of Presburg; and in 1809 Wagram resulted in the armistice of Zaaym and the peace of Vienna. Such were the results of Austria’s single banded fights against France under the firat Na- caid “Martin Van Buren” to the Baltimore Con- | Poleon. She fought sturdily snd stupidly, until vention, and Van Buren it waa, And eo, her empire cf incongruous nationalities was re- Mr. Buchanan will not assume the right in 1860 | P¢s'edy on the verge of dissolution, whea she to dictate the candidat: of the party, he may adopted the rule that where licenses are taken | rightfully exercise his influence in the nominating convention just ashe may think best. That he them. It is ascertained that in the lower wards of | wii do so cannot be doubted; but it is very @oubtful whether either Wise or Douglas will thus sécure the nomivation. They are certainly cotniting without their host in ignoring Mr. Buchanan’s administration, and should the Con- vention attempt the eame folly it will inevitably erd in a fatal explosion, inasmuch as there can abuses in disregarding the Sunday laws, particular- | be no basis of reunion except upoa the broad, liberal, practical natioual policy of the sadmin- istration. The Battie of Solferino—The French Vic- tory Confirmed. The news received by telegraph last night sought the respite of an armistice or a treaty ot peace. It {sa trite saying, that history is con- tinually repeating itself, and such seems to be the cage now with the war in Italy. The recent battles of Montebello, Palestro, Magenta, Maleg- nano, avd Solferino, have the true ring of a Napo leovic campaign, and seem destined to produce alike result, in a suspension of hostilities or a treaty of peace. The traditional policy of Aus- tria is to yield as soon as the fight goes against her, and she has ever been audacious and exact- ing in victory and timid and conceding under defeat, The recent losses have produced in Vienna the imprersion that the empire is on the verge of diseolution, and Francie Joseph is called home from the seat of war by urgent business, These from Quebec, at which point the Hungarian had | gre the principal signa of the times, and they tails of the late grand battle in Italy on the 24th of Juve, The victory of the allied armies is confirmed, and the defeat and terrible loss of the Austrions is admitted by their own bulletins. The Allies took 6,000 prisovers, thirty cannoa end three flags from the enemy, So much for the general facts. The battle occurred at the village of Solferino, situated about eighteen miles northwest of Mantus on the western side of the Mincio; so that the contest took place before the Argentine Confederation were actively preparing | arrived, puts us in porscesion of important de- point, through thé finger of history, to a coming truce. It is true that Austria is hastening her reserves to Italy, and that 175,000 men, every ove of whom has served not leas than eight years, are on the march. But France, too, is briaging on her armies, and in a short time 450,000 will be im the battle ficld. Moreover, the French bave broken into the great square, and the forces ot Austria will probably be divided into those in ike beleaguered fortress and those endeavoring te relieve them. Here the French will have the Allies had entered the strategic square, and was | s@vantage of position, besides the prestige of evidently precipitated by the Austrians, who croeeed the Mincio at four different points, and attacked the Allies, who would seem to have while gales were limited. Frolght eogagomente wore | been moving towards the Mincio in the direction moderate aud rates cncbanged. Among the shipments | of Gviio, I+ is a notable fact that Napoleon the Firat defeated the Austrians at this same village of Solferino in 1796, previous to the capture of Maniua. Thus the incidents of the present cam paign again present a romarkable similarity to those of the great Napoleon. While the French were engaged at Solferino, the Sardivians bore the brunt of the battle brave. ferino, taking and losing, with an admitted heavy loss of men, several formidable positions, titled to the special consideration of our demo- | which they could not held owing to a severe tempest, but finally driving the enemy from San Martino, The battle of Solferino occupied a line of about fifteen miles, encompassing some three or four towns and villoges, such as Volta, Cay- vieni (the French headquarters), Guidezzolo, and Solferino, each of which seemed to have formed on important point during the twelve hours fighting. There can be no doubt, we think, that the bal- tle ended favorably for the Allies, the Austrians having withdrawn to the east side of the Mincio, taking up their position at Villa Franca, the former headquarters of Francis Joseph. The loss on both sides must have been tremendous. It was said that the Austrians had 35,000 men put the Empress from Cavrianl, says that the loss of victory, and the loss of one more decided battle brings the Austrian empire to the verge of de- struction. Under theee circumstances the opportunity for mediation is presented, and no doubt will be avail- edof. Thedeparture of the Emperor of Austria from the scene of action indicates a change of poli- cy on his part, otherwize he would not have added to the moral depression of his troops by leaving them at such an inopportung moment. The ex- amples we have eite4 from past campaigns prove much—recent history proves still more. When imposing caption of “The Presidential Prospect? | ty at San Martino, a village to the south of Sol- / Charles Albert, in 1848, drove the Auetrian forces out of Lombardy, and commenced the siege of Peachiera, Austria was ready to give up that province and place Venitia under an inde- pendent priage of her house. No sooner had ladetzeky obtained his reinforcements aad driven the Sardinians back to Novara, where he ccusked them, than she refused to abide by what she had before offered to accept. Whatever Power preeents now the offer of mediation will, no doubt, find Austria ready to acceptit. It is stated that Prussia has already dong £0, and that the terms she proposes are sub- stantially thoze of 1848, These will hardly be acceptable to France, if, indeed, they have not bimeelf for a week or so in this city, at the | blowing the bridge at Goito in their passage, and | pcen already refused. They involve the loss of Lombardy, but also the retaining of Venftia, with the four great fortresses, and its incorporation with the German Confederation. In the present spirit which Germany exhibits towards Frauce of her depariuxe for “the Springs.” He is also | 407s de combat; while Napoleon, in his despatch to | sho ill not be disposed to extend the limits of the Confederation. Our latest advices, too, in- the Allies was lees than that of the gpemy, but | dicate that Proscla has uot assumed the menac- does not give the numbers, It w: Paris, however, that the Frenc! ten and twelve thousand kille troops suffered 80 severely as to le to re- cume the offensive for two days. Among the wounded were Generals Forey, Anger, Dien and L’Admirault, The Emperor himself is represented to have been in the hottest fire throvghout the engagement. This is the first in that the And there is this beautiful reciprocity betweea | battle of the campaign in which both Emperors | relieve Prussia from fhe onus which the and the King of Sardinia met upon the same field, and though bloody in its results and disas- trous to Austria, it can hardly be considered as eWcen | previous advices. ing tone towards France that was convesed by She has not marched her troops to the Rhine, but has proposed to the Diet that two corps of the federal ferces shall be placed there under the command of Bavaria. With the Austrian sympathies of this Power euch a ceursé would bring the army on the Rhine under the changed counsels that may be brought about in Vienna by events in Italy, and placing of her own troops on that river would impose upon her. We may believe that the battle of Selferino will be the changing point cf the No official accounts are given of the losses on | ius, aud Douglas is the second choice of Wise, | He decisive action of the war, for it is only now } policy of the war ia Italy, and lead to active cither side, but it Was reported that the Austrians | wgainst the field. Fernando Wood has thus tivo is put down at 10,000 or 12,000, ine a 000 Pp ners, thirty cannon and | wikof he Austrian and French Entpe- rore and the King of Sardinia were on the field. The Piedmontese fought with great yalor, but were repulsed by the Austrians. The news of the yic- tory created ¢ enthusiasm in Paris, Hxtraordinary preparations were making for ter of the hostile armies, Large re- were constantly leaving Frauze for Austrian reserves, n unhering lower of the army, were on their way f war. 0M yeatS Ago, as the negotiator of that pewerfui alliance belwéén Lord Palmerston and Louis Napoleoz, which culminated with the fall of Sebastopol. Thus, Mr. Wood, possessing the confidence of both Wise and Douglas, holds the important privilege of communicating to each the views and plans of the other; and thus, we dare say, the ente,te cordiale between Douglas three flags, defensive, sgainsi all ,otber candidates for the rom Rome aunonnce that several of Soesenecamemninetg, » tons ee) ZeHanlS a towns in the Papal States have tervention of the Papal troops, re the authority of the Pope. sroposed to i ph tes coraee ee ed to the Federal Diett» place ® orders of Ba upon, 60 far a8 Mr. Donglag is concerned, this | information having been con, "municated from Douglas to Wood, and from Weoa’ 0 Governor Wise, by authority, ‘This explanation makes the witole mater as plaip as the ligament which unites the Siamese twipe. Wise and Douglas are the twine aad Fernando Wood is the connecting ligament - the magnetic cord through which the thoughts: : at Britain is unimpor. ph Company i © hew to commence operati e the old cable. papi f the allied victory at Solferino canesq | {Om each to the other vibrate in harmony. M: 4 spaswodic advance in French funds, but prices | Douglas “regards all the Southern condi 1, = after the excitement cooled. On ept Governor Wise, as having virtzall with, 2 ‘an de k Exchange cousols had declined wn from the field,” but thinks that rig 1860 nthe # uarter to three-eighths as compar- | when brought to the pingh iu ° ed with es of the day previous, At Liverpool aa nce oan Douglas to Wise, 20 a3 to \cave aa 0 : ad “aemselves ia 1804 On the . gand, Governor Wise believes that the South must have the candidate in 1860, and that the Ainerinan produce markets were dull although the prices of cotton remained unchanged. rs correspondent at St. John, Porto Rico, writ. | Qutb ult., s°78:—Since the middi> "di Sees ee ween gp MAS | -- 5 (the Governor) jy tbe only Southern man - g the um. i a4 : and the United's rable accom. wdy, not 4 party in the North, he must be the id the United States, 4 5. ? that bas 4 p i bas ie F cd wi gt Oa from Bt | for the Charleston Convention, And seo CaS eof rainy Wek | under this overshadowing seesaw 0 , butit hag pt- very peneficial to the | ne as and Witt, all the other democratic 83- uave advar- value to the whole | is for the cast-off eboes of Mr. Bookanan sp: _ dei in ee pic pe completely eclipsed. Usq) sationably s” ved 10 sees is quo | pear to Poly rand ihen fn those mm é wood to the trickery Whe led off all gO r, ventions has heretofore rule Joffee is scarce, owing tot etvesber, | tional con’ statesmen of the party _« Col vented deliveries. T + tor | the great and prominent sales ea srhich bas Te haecbe rat tlie. | yop euch negative compromise ype Bristol, Engle a ee flout and the yield this | Polk snd Pierce will be choked off sae The tobacco crop 8® -jowa By royal order all | ton. Wise and Douglas are at least resolved year the largest ©¥ ‘vessels shall bring goes certil d at th v jsland by the get inconveniences will 0 panes of these islands 1 6 Feee a ape to afford every accommodation to Fri ran of war and commerce, such aa is iti sr ed to the native royal feet. All pairs cab Spain will join France at no distant att reel feo ia es tg 1 Lane of Oregon only 08 @ rose by e island very g00 dal - pene cn mitt Reve i | ehich to divert gapport to the paca one gated the case of the death of Capt Dire, of M0 | inn ana the foar ia expressed thet he will be Laig Jul 2. Boyuton, ot lis poa-wnce i of their car | it itions which they have e& \ oon ppg 289 which they will be eble terially simplify the - | to command, will very matt J ye | work of the Convention, or operate to break it 0 pieces. . | But the Richmond Bnguirer is og \ uneasy under the report from Weabiogvon Z ‘a ‘the erpecial friends of the Pyesldeny are ne le names of the Hon. Robert J. Walker an ky’ the Stelvio Pass was seriously menaced by the advance of 3,000 Piedmontese treops and 700 yohinteers (probably some of Garibaldi’s he- roes), who hed reached Tirano, and were press- ing on towards Bormio to attack them. * that the Allies have entered that famous square, 000 men id Sled amd wounded. The | powerful strings to his bow. His position is | where another battle in the open field may only somewhat analegous to that of the Chevalies precede a eu¢cession of protracted sieges, Four days after the affair of Solferino the French fol- lowed thé Austrians across the Mincio without opposition. Meantime, the Aus!tlens were expocting a strong reinforcement to sustain them—a reserve force cf 175,000 men—represeuted as the flower of the army, nota man of whont has scen leas than eight years’ service being on tho march and Wise comprehens an alliance, offensive and Italy. The French troops hastening to outflaxk the Austrian position on the east seem to have format on” of the Engvin,r may be depended made considerable headway, Princo Napol.'on’s army having arrived at Parma, where they w.°Te received with immense enthusiasm by the pe ple, while a rumor was prevalent in Paris that the French fleet was actually in possession of Venice. This rumor, however, lacks confirms- tion; but from the disposition of the inhabitaats, as well as the force brought to bear against that city, if ls quite probable that it would soon be in the hands of the Allies. "The position which the Austrions cecupied in Such are the gener! features of the battle of Solferino, an engagemeat almost. unprecedented ga to the numbers in action, and doubtless ohar- acterized by a terrible loss of Life; bat we can bardly look wppon this terrible cenflict otherwise than aa prelixninary ‘merely to those whiga are yet to come. Wrat 1s Tae Prevaituse Revreios or Tras Crryv?—A eeries of reeolutions, wiopied at the Board of Police Commissioners’ meeting yeeter- day, agsnmes that the prevailing religious eenti- ment of this city is in favor of the enforcement of the Sunday laws and of the Christian Sabbath. Perhaps the next census will leed te a differe: conclusion. Yue Porice Commisst Laws, ees resolutions. sloners. rights people? at | between ‘bem un ne Suspay The Board of Police Commissioners yes- terday pasued a series of resolutions to the effect oat it is thelr duty to enfcree the laws on sli days of the week alike, We sould suppose that movements on the part of the diplomatists. Lovts Narotzon anp Tue Evxorran Revo- LUTIONISTS.—We publish in another column two remarkable lettera—one from London and the other from Rome—in reference to the’skilful po- litical combinations by which the French Em- peror has managed to fortify all hie strategic plans. It would appear from the statements of our correspondents, that whilst, like a.skilful ge- to | Beral, he has been steadily pushivg forward his military operations and winning splendid vic- tories, he is providing against the chancesof a ebeck or failure by weaving around his adversary anctwork of difficulties from which it willbe impossible for him to escape. His abilities have never been more conspicu- ously displayed than in his manner of accom- plishing this. He has managed to impress all Enropean revolntionists into bis service withcut compromising himself to them by eny desur- ance eave that implied in vague generalitics. Jbus, afler making use of Garibaldi ond the Italian republicans to carry out his plan in Italy, he hes taken Kosmth and Klapa in hands to operate throvgh them on the terrors of Austria, He has allowed nothing to enter into his relations with the Hun- reverse all that has been eflected by diplon “tie combinations against France, Vur Position on the Neutral Rights Ques« too-The American Doctrine, Thé state paper defiviog the American doc- trine of neutral rights forwarded by Me, Cass to our Ministers abroad wil! impress all the courts in Europe with the dignity aad moral power of this country, At no period, perhaps, in the history of the United States, certwialy not siuce the war of 1812, was it more important that our views upon this subject should be distinotly uu- derstood and maintained than in the present juncture of affairs in Europe; and the clear expo- tition of the neutral righta question, and firm stand for the protection of the commercial ia- terests of the nation, which the administration has presented in this document, caunot fail to give satisfaction at home and to be regarded with respect and attention abroad. The position assumed by Eugland and by Austria with reference to what should be coo- sidered contraband of war renders it necessary that the point should be settled definitely, and it will be seen that our government agrees with that of France, Russia and Sardinia, in declaring that coal and breadstuffs must not be so cousi dered; in short, that nothing except implements of war, powder, shot and saltpetre, are properly contraband of war. It is not to be wondered at that England, with her immense. navy and almost exbaustless coal mines, should endeavor to include that ar- ticle in the list of contraband goods, or that Austria, with no navy at all, and therefore no need of coal ia carrying on the war, should agree with her; while France aud Russia: both having respectable navies and compara tively little coal products, should take a different course and sustain our view of the question. But it is too late in the age of the world now for any one nation to make its own interest the rule for all the world, or to obstruct the course of com- merce; and apy nation that attempts such a policy must expect to find an alliance against her. We have no doubt that the views expressed in Mr. Cass’ communication, both as regards the principle that the flag covers the cargo, and as to what articles are contraband of war, wil! meet with o general recognition in Europe, as they have already done in a few of the great nations. It would ill become a powerful maritime and commercial country like this to be forced into admitting doctrines repugnant to all progres sive ideas and subversive of its own commercial intereate. Upon these same questions the United States interposed their influence at the Paris Conference of 1855, refusing to become a party to any compact in which the interests of this nation were not fully protected and her govern- ment left free to employ her merchant marine a8 they pleased in time of war. And thot was not the first time the United States threw the weight of their moral influence, as a nation worthy to be Tespected, upon the same subject when under discussion among the Powers of Europe. We recognise, then, in this late State paper, not only 6%.¢ of the ablest documents that has emanated from any administration, but an expression of the nationa! opinion upon neutral tights which comes with equal dignity and op- portuneness. Comparative Muscat Taste in Our GREAT Cirmes.—We have frequently alluded to the tapid advances made in the musical taste and artistic appreciation of the metropolis, In a lit- tle less than twenty-five years the Italian Opera in New York has become an indispeneable requi- site in our daily life. Formerly the Opera was only patronized by two clacses—the ladies who could understand and appreciate the music, and men who went simply because it was considered the correct thing so todo. Now the audiences at the Academy of Music include all classes, from the Fifth avenue millionaire to the hnmblest artisan, From September titl January, and from Easter till the Ist of June, the Italian Opera is the most attractive of our pydlic amusements, and this notwithstanding the fact that the tari of adintscion at the Academy is sometimes quad- tuple that demanded at the theatres proper. With each succeeding season tho mamager’s ope- rations sre extended, and his strategic move- ments are worthy of a general commanding a great army, Offtimes within the last year or | two the Opera has been the topic of the day, and has been discussed with intense gravity by peo- ple who never saw the interior of the Academy, aud who, perhaps, never will, And the mana- ger, however frequentl7 he mey be ruined, al- ways finds the sinews of war to go on with. Even if one direotor should fall there are always pleni_ 1 remplag-nts eager to assume his scepire. Joris this popularity of the Opera, and con- sequent progreas of musical taste, confined to the metropolis. The provincial campaigas lust season proved that it has extended through- out the sonatry, and penetrated frem the shores df the Atlantic to the banks of the Mississippiv It appeare, too, that the provincial city wherein the most advanced taste and-eppreeiation of musical matters has been observed is-St, Louis, where there was the most hearty and cordial sup. port of the Opera, anda discriminating opinion of the merite of the artists. Next comes Boston, Boston, whieh was very slow and: very stupid about operatic matters at first, rovrstands second from New York, and next after St. Louis as a profitable peint for mavegerial operations, No doubt that there alwaya was plenty of insical taste inert in the Bostcnian mind; but the Bos- tonian mind is, to say the least, alittle narrow garian leaders which would prevent hins at any | a4 its journaliem rather muddios than clears it, moment shaking them off aud crushing the | p+ once get an idea into the Bostonian head, In Hungary, oa in Italy, it will of course depend | 214 no earthly power can got it out. The entirely ou the obstinsey of Francis Joseph whether the bopes of Kossnth-and bis associates administration unreformail. tions with which ke has as yet bad to deal. Louis Napoleon has proved himself the master ind of the preseat generation of politicians by tbe manner in which he hes tamed down and subjected the European revolutiovista to hia will. | Jove, and counider it a privilege to do so. By the ald of these once formidable tepa he ts operatic idaa is, we believe, fairly innew. There were last year yery profitable seasons of are to berealized. If Anetriacannot be brought | oer in Cincinnati and Chicago. Beth of those to terms, then it is cortain that France will let loose the revolutionary clement upon ber ia that Philadelphia. With »-fine Opera house, « brigade quarter. In Rome, it will bo-seen that the policy of the French Emperor 1s equally eelfreliaot and in- dependent. By one party he is accused of favoring the abuses of the Papal afministration, by the other of reducing bis Holiness to the cow dition of a-mere cypher ia his own States. The truth is, that he is presorving evenly the balance ‘al the moment arrives for bim give new institutioas to the Roman people It can nover have entered into his plans to give constitutional government to the rest of Italy and tolouve the monsirove abuses of the Papal He bas too much on bis hands at present, however, to think of occnpylug himself with a quetdion which involves courte to be quite os well settled without any | some of tho moet delicate and difficult considera. Jt would be just as consistent for ihe police captains, sergennte, roundsmen and petiolmen to pare resolutivas, ae for the commis Why don’t they do their duty and have done with it, and leave reeolutiona to the women’s eities promise well. But the worst of all ia of five hundred stockholders, a wealthy clase which pretends to an immense deal of knowledge in ert matters, and an immense population which swears by the wealthy class, we find that so far as the bunks of the Delaware are concerned operath: pearls are, if thrown at él, almost in- voriably cast before swine, Like their osean steamship companies, they tall: great deal aboat the Opera, but never put their hands io their pockets, The stockholders amd newspaper | fungi—in which latter article Philadelphia desis very extensively—make up the larger partof the andience at the Opera house, It is almost as bad as Baltimore, Washington, Richmond, Charlea- ton, Savannah, Augusta, Memphis, Louisville or Cleveland, which do not yet aspire to the Opera, but are exceedingly glad to pay well for concerts with the operatic artists. The Phila- delphians have apparently run away with an save idea, to the elect that as they have built ibeaire every one ehould sing in it fur pure Of couree New York is the foantaia head of fics Ly LOTT, the Opera ne well aa of every thing else—iitera- ture, politica, frebion, arta, ete., etc. In Opera this is _provea by countless cases, perhops the izoet rémarkable of which {4 that of Mme, Gaxzaulgs, ove of the fivest artirts who has ever visited 18. She made ber début in Piriadelphia, and was ntbeard of. Coming out ia New York afterwards, ae achieved a national reputation, which hus reanved upon the European cepitala, For the next year or two we shall bave pleaty of artists and a sort of musical revival The European war will give the managers special facilities in making their new evgagements, aod keep all the oid favorites on this side of the Atlantic. New York, Boston, St. Louis, aad last, Philadelphia, will be the principal operatio cities, and ft fs to be boped’ that the Philadel- phiane will try to exbibit » little more apprecia- tion for the good things vouchsafed to them. Otstes of the Pope. By further details of the news from Italy which we -published yesterday, the reader has perceived that the sffair at Perugia turns out to be & much more serious matter thes appeared from the brief announcement by tele- graph which we published on Thuraday. I; seems that the Swiss regiments despatohed frou Rome attacked Perugia oa the 20th June, and that after a fight of three hours outside the towa the Swiss eucceeded in effecting an entranse, and the combat continued for two hours more in the streets, The Swies massacred women and icoffee- tive persons, and the town was in a state of siege Notbing can be more calculated to rouse the spirit of insurrection throughout the whole Papal States than such a massacre as this, Already the flames of revolt had been kindled at several important points. This bloody business fs littalz to produce a universal conflagration. As a commentary on this news we publish a historical and political account of Perugia, Bo logna, and the maritime c'ties which have re- cently revolted from the Pope. Oae of theee cities was formerly the capital of the terri!ory which was known as the ex-archate, coafsccoud upon the Pope by Pepin and Charlemagu Two of them belonged to the maritime Pentapo- lis, or the five cities dependent on the ex archate, governed by the Lieutenants of the Easteru Ro man Emperor after the seat of empire was re moved to Constantinople. All of them, aad particularly Bologna, are identified with the his tory of the Middle Ages, and the rise of the free cities which sprang first from the ruins of tne empire of the East, and afterwards from the ruins of the Western empire. All of them are filled with treasures of ancient art, which are models forever to the restof mankind. These cities at one time belonged to the Pope, at another time they were seized by adventurous warriors, or became the lawful and devoted prey of dukes and duchceses, counts aud countesses, either of German, French or Italian descent, or they were vigleatly annexed to other cities or kingdoms and empires. Again they became indeperdeat republics, and were stimulated to the highest greatness by Florence, the noblest of them alt. Often while the territory arouri? them became tributary io the conqueror, they set bis arms at defiance within their fortified walls, Even Charle- magne himself could not reduce them all, aod some of those he gave the Pope were uever sab- jected to the Emperor of the West, nor for genera- tions after to the Papal power, while most of those cities which professed subjection to the Roman Pope acted practically independent of his authority in their whole system of interna? government. ‘The story of the republics and free cities of Ttaly is full of faterest and political instruction to all future ages. Their struggles agninst their tyranta and oppressors, their leagues for commow defence against the common enemy, ani their free institutions, suggested the {dea of the Han- seatic league of free cities in Germany, which lasted for four bundred years, and the leagas of the Rhenish cities, which exerted so Important az influence on the liberties of Europe. I tact, | they furnished the exampl3 of freedom to thy Old World, and’even a mode! for the republic of. ithe New World: But they never fully carried out the idea of intimate politicat union, and thas waa the rock on whieh they split. The republice of Greece fell from the same caure. In the consti- tution of the United States the imperfection was remedied, and hence the strength and dura~ bility of our confederstion of republics. Aud this is the only safety for Italian freedom now, if the kings aud emperors in and around her would only permit her several communities, with their common Jangnage and common religion, to become another Switzerland—a confederation of united States—from the AJps to Sicily and the Adriatic. But that is too glorious a destiny to expect at present for that fair and classic Jand. The temporal sovereignty of the Pope is the great stumbling block In the way of Italia unity and independence. That soveretgnty be had fairly lost unti restored by the treaty of Vienna, witich is now meade null and void. It was again lost by revolution in 1848, nad par- tially restored by Napoleon IIB. on certain cou ditions—a general amuncety, the seculariza- tion of the administration, the introduction of the Code Napoleon, and « liberal govern- ment—-all which conditions have been vio lated by-his Holiness, The temporal dominion is now again in jeopardy. But it is. stated. that the Emperor of tho French guarantees hie | dominions to the Pope. Whether he will do to after the massacre of Perugia, and after the de- cided manifestations of feeling at Bologna, Rome and other cities, which he has pledged himself to respect, is 2 question to whose solu~ tion the civilized world now looks forward with anxious solicitude. But is there any evidence that Napoleon has really guaranteed his domio- ions to the Pope? We think not. The words of the despatch are—“Napoleon guarentees the ia- dependence of the Papal States.” Now that is a totally different thing from guaranteeing them to the Pope. To guarantee their independence is to give a pledge that no Power shall forcibly annex or swallow up these States—that they shall be left te.themselves to carry ont their own destiny, even to the getiing rid of the Pop» if they ehall see 6%. Aud (nie jaterpretssion of the despatch is ouly in accordaace with the French Emperor's address to the Italian people, iv which yt he came to render free, from the Alps to rlatic, the most beautiful land in Europe, a! “oo Obstacle ehould be raised to the free maniiee!ation of (he legitimate wishes of the people,” TrormNG Lessons ON SHE PRESIDENTIAL Covrse.—Chevalier Cassidy, of the Albany Ar- gus, states that we trotted out George Law, rui- bed him down, ourrycowbed bim, brought oat his best points, got bim into coudition, and thea trotted him back erain into the stall, not back. ing bim finally for the Presidential race. Wo be ovo that is all so; but we oaly did ia regard