The New York Herald Newspaper, June 18, 1859, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BANNER®, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. FiOw N. W. CORNSR OF FULTON AND WASSAU BTS. advance, Money sent ma willbe at the PE ie oo ah ere minh fa Roe Byes bad ome “THE DAILY MBRALD, two 1, 81 par anaes. THE WEEKLY HERALD. Posmay Swe. Bg aise rip or $3 por annum; the European E:lition We By rks conta por copy. $4 per anwam to of ‘reat Britain, anne “include j the fo the both ie Eakvorta Bion othe Goh and RUA of each month od oe cone ‘or ‘anvwamn. "rik yaMivy WEALD, om Wedneaday, at four cente per or $4 per annum. 1D coneaining important “Worenbarr CORRESPONDENCE, emt orton JOR PRINTING executed with neatness, cheapness and de Volume XXIV......... jo. 168 AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING, ACADEMY OF MUSIC. Fourteenth street.—Ttarian Ore: B4—Maiinee at One o'Clock—Iz Potiv70, on I Mantis. NIBLO’S GARDEN. Broadway —Biace Erep Susan—Tas BKospan’s Wire—My Puscious Barsr.§ BOWERY THEATRE. Bowery.—Tow ax Janzy ix New Youx—Eyave or Heants—One-Erep Sac. METROPOLITAN THEATRE (Late Murton’s).—Poor Gen rixxan—Box anv Cox. WALLAOK’S THEATRE, Broadway.—Ieisn Lyox—How ‘To Gat Out or Ir—Nax, on My Two Fatugas, LAURA KEEWE’S THEATRE, No. 6% Broadway.— Ouvrpsssiia—A Favours Fanos. "8 AMERICAN MUSEUM, Broadway.—After- noon and Evening—Hanvusr Home. ‘WOOD'S MINSTREL BUILDING, S61 and 563 Broadway— aforsona and Kveving—Srmortan Songs, Dances, &0.— Bannon Busse Ur. ANTS MEOH ANIO®’ BALL, 42] Brosd- waite Sones, 40.—Usap Ur. HOOLEY’S MINSTRELS, 444 Broadway.—Disarroitep ‘Lovans. Mew York, Saturday, June 18, 1850, The News. By the arrival of the Saxonia at this port yester- day, we received some additional news from Eu- rope, of which we give an interesting compilation in to-day’s paper. The Anglo Saxon, which left Liverpool on the 8th inst., with four days later news, had not reached Quebec when the telegraph lines closed. We have Barbadoes papers dated on the 27th ult. The Liberal of that day has the following summary:—Fine showers fell on the 20th and 2Ist, and nearly every day or night since we have had rain. This change seems to have been pretty gene- ral through the country, although in some places not to the extent desired. The heat, meanwhile, has been very oppressive. The crop is nearly fin- ished, very few canes remaining to be reaped. The public health is good. The Legislature met on the 17th. Our San Francisco correspondence to-day gives the details of the San Francisco democratic prima- ry election, an interesting account of the escape of , State prisoners, and the names of the convicts, a list of marriages and deaths, and other interesting items. The dates are to the 23d ult. Mr. Delavan, the new City Inspector, has entered upon the duties of his office, and was busy yester- day in examining the books and papers of the but reau, assisted by ex-Inspector Morton. He states that he does not contemplate making any changes, appointments or removals, until he fully under- stands the minutia of the duties of the office. Mr, Delavan for the past few days has been run down by office hunters, who appear to be anxious to take their part in the masagement of the Corporation affairs. The Health Commissioners had City Inspector Delavan present at their meeting yesterday for the first time. No important business came before the meeting. The police report the streets cleauer than they have been for a year. Proposals for $300,000 of the Central Park Im- provement Fund stock were opened at the Comp troller’s office on Thursday last, and awarded to various bidders at from par to 1014 premium. The Joint Committee of the Common Counci} held their third meeting yesterday to make ar rangements for celebrating the approaching anni- versary of the Declaration of National Indepen- dence ; but as no member of the committee had anything to report, they adjourned till Monday, without doing any business. The Ceuncilmen’s Committee on Streets did not have a quorum at their meeting yesterday. The Board of Cow pointing a specie) commit to confer with the Croton Board in re onstruction and finishing of the new bemg & question ip the minds of many priety ani safety of continuing the work. A large number of reports of committees | were presented and laid over. Mr. Bulteel offered a resolution directing the Comptrol to draw a warrant for $300 in favor of the Empire Rowing Club, to be expended in procuring prizes for a row- ing match, to take place under the awspiceg of a committee of the Common Ceuncil on the ap- proaching anniversary of our Independence. ‘The matter of awarding the contract to Walker & Fairchild for constructing the gate-houses of the new reservoir was made the special order for the next meeting. Mr. Laimbeer made a speech against the passage of the resolution, and called upon the Board to investigate the subject before they voted for the measure. The calendar of “general orders” was then taken up, and an unusually large number of reports and resolutions, chiefly pertaining to rou- tine matters, adopted. A resolution offered by the Chairman of the Special Committee on Drinking Fountains, directing the Croton Aqueduct Board to put up fifty hydrants in the principal streets, came up for action. After debate, in which Messrs. Ot- tarson, Rhodes and Bulteel took part, the latter de- claring that they were a public nuisance, the Presi- dent informed the Board that there were not mem- bers enough present to adopt the paper. The re- port and resolution were accordingly laid over till the next meeting. The Supreme Court yesterday granted a stay of proceedings in the e of James Glass, con’ d of the murder of Owens and sentenced to the State prison for life. Rev. Dr. J. P. Thompson delivered a tecture on Italy at the Broadway Tabernacie last evening, and as the subject is highly interesting at this time, we present a full sketeh in another part of this paper. - The constant fa‘l of rain throughout yesterday interfered to sconsiderable exteut with outdoor busine s, and tended to check operations in some branches of commerce, ‘The transactions in cotton embraced about 1,000 bales ia Yots. The market closed steadily at 1130. per lb. for middling uplands, Common and mediam grades of Stato and Western flour were heavy, and cloned at easier rates ‘while choice brands wero unchanged and sales moderate, Southern flour was in good request and prices firm, with. ‘Ont change of moment in quotations. Common qualities ‘of wheat were heavy and nominal. Corn was heavy and Jower, with fair sales at rates given elsewhdre. Pork was ‘casier, with sales of new mess at $16 60 a $16 55, ani of prime at $14 6254; and sales were also made for future Gelivery, buyers’ and sellers’ option, at rates given in an- other place. Beef was inactive, and lard was rather casior ‘The sales of sugar embraced about 900 1,000 hhda, and 60 boxes, at rates given in another columa, Coffe was quiet, no sales of moment having been reported. Freight engagements were moderate. Naval stores were taken protty freely to Liverpool and London yoatorday and the day previous. 6,000 bbls. common rosin wore engaged ‘for the former port, at 64. per bbl., and yesterday 2,000 bbls, crude turpentine were engaged tor the isiter } from port at I6, 6d, Ip another column will be found (wo deal charters for England at the rates stated. Mr, Buchanan's Administration=Iis Past and Its Future. . The first two years of Mr. Buchanan’s adminis- tration have expired, and, from their resnits, we may form a pretty safe opinion concerning the unexpired remnant of his term of office. Ta other words, his successes thus far, and his present good position before the country, affurd the most satisfactory guarantees of a sound, sa‘e and re- liable administration to the end, and one which will pass with credit through the crucible of history. Never before has a President of the United States, of any party, been called upon to grapple with such defections, treacheries, conspiracies and rebellions within his party camp as those which have been levelled at the administration of James Buchanan, Elected as the candidate of a party standing under the shadow of an opposi- tion popular majority of nearly four hundred thousand, one would have supposed that the uni- versal impulse of the democracy would be union and harmony, from the natural instincts of self preservation; and that the opposition, with the tremendous forces at their command, would be quick to combine for the destruction of an ad- ministration the election of which they had secured through their foolish division upon two candidates, On the contrary, the demoralizations af the democracy commenced with their success and with the defeat of the opposition; the violent hostility of republicans and Americans agaios! Mr. Buchanan gave way to the most remarkable manifestations of forbearance and liberality. The first threats of mntiny came from the Southern fire-eaters, io their efforts to mike one Robert J. Walker the Secretary of State. But, with the proclamation of Me. Buchanan's conservative Cabinet, with that vener- able national patriot, General Cass, at the head of it, a regular hue aud cry of “treason to the South” came up from the organs of the Southera ultras, from Richmond to New Orleans. Ialeed, it was understood before the month of April 1857, had passed, that an extensive Southern league had been organized to pat down an ad- ministration which, ia the outset, had so, fla- grantly deserted the South. This Southern defec- tion continued to increase its “noise aud coa- fusion” during several months of the first part of Governor Walker’s administration in Kansas, when, presto! the wind changed round to the Northwest, and Walker, Stanton, Donglas and their followers took up the cry of treachery and raised the flag of rebellion. Mr. Buchanan submitted his first annual mea- cage to Congress, and with its reading in the two houses the work of rebellion and treachery among the democracy actively commenced. Upon the Kansas issue the Mormon question, Central American affairs, the army, thé navy, &c., between Northern deserters and Southero malcontents the administration was left without a party in Congress. But the justice, wisdom and necessity of Mr. Buchanan’s measures, ia every cesential case, commanded a suflicient balance of power from the opposition side to carry them. Thus, for example, upon the bill for the increase of the army, we find even W. H Seward coming up to the support of the adminis- tration against Senator Toombs and other demc- cratic deserters of the Senate. Thus, the long session of the late Congress closed triumphantly for the administration, although base {atrigues, treachery and rebellion had reduced the heavy- democratic majority pf both houscs te the con- dition of an impotent minority. But if the administratiun, in spite of these in- resline discords of the democratic camp, thus came off with flying colors, the case has been somewhat different with the party itself Uader the conflicting counsels of Douglas, Toombs, Goy. Walker, Senator Brown, Gov. Wise, and other Northern and Southern intractable, and their organs and followers, the dem scracy weat into the elections for the new Congress, and the results, in one word, have been a revolution, a Northern revolution, which has placed the uext Hopse of Representatives in the hands of the opposition, A just retribution, this, upon the party for the offences of its disappointed Presi- dential leaders, managers and spoilsmen. Tne | administration has lost nothing, comparing the new Congress with the last; for surely, ifia the one case it had to depend upon aa opposition minority. it can have nothing to fear in the other Opporition msjority, Meantime, having demoralized, disorganized and broken up the party to the very verge of a final dissolution, the factious, treacherous, disap- pointed and revengeful leaders.and organs con- cerned have suspended their war upon Mr. Bu- chanan toa very great extent. In the work of personal detraction and calumny poor Forney remains almost alone in his glory. The admia- istration remains unsbaken, calm, firm and strong, above the wrecks and ruins of the party. Tt bas still the power, too, to save the party, and it can only be saved through the admiais tration. There is no other hope for the demo- cracy, and if they do not make this discovery ia season they ean have no common ground of re- anion at Charleston, but from that point must inevitably be dispersed among the loose mate- tials of a scrub race. The administration is strong, the party is weak, and if it would stand, it must stand by the administration. Evrect or THE War on AMeERICAN Suiv- rixc.—Our Berlin correspondent, in his letter of the let fust., which we published yesterday, states that many German shipowners, inanticipation of Prussia’s becoming involved in the present war, are endeavoring to secure themselves by nomi- nally transferring their ships to naturalized American citizens, with the supposition that as the property of American citizens they can sail under our flag and be safe from capture. It is, therefore, a matter of importance, not only to the German shipowners, bat also to our own, to ascertain whether this course can be safely pur- sued. Our investigations satisfy us that it cannot. Under the laws of the United State, as set forth by Secretary Gathrie in chapter 1 of the “General Regulations of the Reyenue and Col- lection Laws,” Amerioan registers can only be issued in the five following cases:— First—To those vessels built within the United States, and at the time of spplication for registey wholly ownet by a citizen or citizens of the United ‘States, never hsviag been before documented as vessels of the Caited ‘States, and sold to # citizen or subject of a foreign Power, Second—To vessels bullt in the United states unier foreign ownership, in whole or in part, duly recorded in | Pureuance of law, on being purchased and wholly owng) by 4 citizen or citizens of the United States, never having been roristered, enrolled or licensed wader the laws of the Unites States. Third—To yeasels built in a forcign country and wreck ed within the waters of the United States, purchased and repaired by a citizen or citizens thereof, at a cost equal to the coat of three fourths of the yeasel whon ropairud, Fourth—To vessels captured in war, in which the Yai ty, by a citizen or citizens thereof, lawfully condemed asa prize, and wholly owned by & citizen of the Vosted States. Fiith—To vessels which have boen adjudged to be for feited for @ breach of the laws of the United States, and wholly owned by a citizen or citizens thereof. It is obvious from this that no foreign vessel cup carry the American flag except she isowned wholly by citizens of the United States, after bavivg been captured in war, wrecked ia our waters and repaired at aa expense of three-fourths of her value, or forfeited for breach of the laws, under neither of which beads cou'd the vessels of our German friends be classed. They could not, therefore, carry the American flag and be exempted from capture. The same work, chapter 1, section 13, seta forth that although no enrolment, registry or other marine document can be iseued under the Jaws of the United States to foreign built ships, purchased and wholly gwned by citizens of the United States, whether purchased of bellige- rents or neutrals during a war to which the United States are not a party, or in peace, of foreiga owners, they may become entitled to pro- tection as the property of American citizens by procuring from one of our Collectors of the Cus- toms a certificate of the record of the bill of sale, and of the American citizenship of the owner or owvers. The benefits of this provision, however are restricted to vessels of this description sail ing from one port in the United States to another. The laws expressly provide that foreign mer- chandise cannot be imported into this country in foreign bottoms without forfeiture of both veseel and cargo, aud every time such a vessel enters an American port she is subjected to tonnage dues of one dollar per ton and other fees prescribed by law. The object of these stringent enactments is, plainly, to carry out the settled princi- ple of our government for the encouragement of American shipbuilding; and, in the pre- sent war, they must be beneficial to our sbippiag interests. It will occasion the employ- ment of American bottoms in the carrying trade, where, whatever may be the character of the cargo, the vessel of a neutral Power, according tothe decision of the Paris Conference, is safe from capture. In view of our principle that “free ships make free goods,” with the excep- tion of articles contraband of war, it is gratify- ing to know that the area of our free ships caa- noi be enlarged by any such fictitious process as that proposed by the German merchants. What. ever benefits are to accrue to our mercantile marine will be secured to American vessels of the classes we have mentioned. Brusuine Ur tae Watering Praces.—From all sides and all localfties, from old Virginia and St. Catharines, from Saratoga and Sharon, from Columbia and Avon, from Newport and Cape May, Nevasink and Long Branch, Fire Island and Rockaway, we hear the note of preparation for a grand foray upon fashionable purses. We say fashionable, because everybody who goes to a recognized watering place and enters the usual reund either is fashionable or ia trying to be, and succeeds in a greater or less degree gene- rally. The hotel keepers are full of promises of the most gorgeous description. Everybody is to have every earthly thing done for them for next door to nothing at all. We have magnificent aseurances of princely landlords in the parlors, gentlemanly and obliging clerks in the offices, experienced artists in the kitchen, and splendid operators in the barbers’ shops. Everything is to be splendid. It is Aladdin’s palace over again, The best bede, the best dinners, the best attendance and the best wines—in fact, the best of every thing—is to be given for a much lower price than has been paid heretofore for the worst of everything. The Irish waiters are not to fight any more, and will give up whiskey; the colored persons are not to assume superiority over white guests, but are to be polite, reepeetful aud alto- gether perfect gentlemen. Both Celtic and African Servants are to wear. white gloves constantly, aud to spurn bribes with the lofty scorn of a member of Congress. Everything is to be of tbe niceat description—there are to be no annoyances; no ripples to disturb the serenity of the stream of enjoyment. In some places regular prayers are to be offered morning, noon and night. The descpere in loco art is to be practised to perfection, eo far as Boniface is concerned. As the French would say, % la bonne heure, we hope the landlords’ promiees will be kept to the fullest extent. And, in view of so desirable ® consummation, perhaps it might be worth while to give a word of advice to the served as well as those who serve them. The American people are naturally polite, bat they are always in euch a hurry, even when they have nothing to do, that they overlook those courtesies, conve- niences, peit soins and minor proprieties, which make up what is called a good manner; and which form the best emolient for the braises which all men and women, whatever their sta- tion, must get in jolting over the rough highway of life. We must look after them. We must, now tbat the Europeans are fighting, and maim. ing, and killing each other, and relapsiag into medieval barbarism—we mast keep the lamps of civilization, like thoze of the wise virgins in the New Testament, trimmed and burning. Per- Sons who call themselves gentlemen must pay at- tenticn to their linen, wear less than seven pounds of watch chain, discard breastpins, swear jet#, chew less tobacco, above all spit less, refrain from smoking ia carriages or upon promenades in the faces of ladies, avoid rusty black clothes, and comport themselves generally in # sober and discreet way. Fascinating young men must cease to mistake impertinence for wit, and try to avoid being made the laughing stock of sensible people by mischievous coquettes. The ladies might mend their manners. ‘The young ones should dress simply, and never wear jewelry; the matrons and dowagers should remember that maturity has its duties as well as its privileges. Above all, the size of the hoops should be reduced. Our Western belles look like so many beer barrels, and, as they waddle along Broadway, provoke merriment rather than admiration. Asa matter of taste, crinoline ought to be dispensed with altogether; but we cannot have its area increased in the present state of things. We cannot increase the area of the world, and unlegs that could be done, the expan- sion of criaoline must be arrested at some point The point has been reached. Perhaps it would be a good idea to pick up fome stray counts and chevalicrs to teach maa- ners to our parvenues. There is Joannes, Count and Chevalier, who might be prevailed upon for one professorship, and the gallant Zouave, Field Marshal de Riviere, for another. The Chevalier Fullerini, who has just returned from Europe, is of course secured by some one of the hotel keep- es at Newport. Probably there will be a great strife to gain possession of so distinguished 6 equire of dames, With a copy of Chesterfigld for gaoh gf the NEW YORK HERALD, SATURDAY, JUNE 18, 1859. | botel employ és, and a professor like Joaunes or | Riviere or Fuller in the parlor, things at the watering places may be expected to goon smooth- ‘ty enough, and the season will be too brilliant | for human contemplation, We shall be obliged to look at it through smoked glass, ‘the Strategteal Positions of the Armies tv Italy. The positions occupied by the belligerent ermies in Italy at last accounts indicate the pro- babilities of a great battle at an early period. he tactics of Garibuldi in Northern Lombardy b have been the theme of much comment, and, we thivk, bave given rise to some misapprehension. It was evidently designed that his efforts in that quarter to revolutionize the country, and at the same time to cut off the roads leading through the Splugen and Stelvio passes from the Aus- trians, were to have been strongly seconded by a portion of the allied armies, With this intention, the Piedmontese under Cialdia’ pushed on northward to support him in the early part of the campaign; but owing to the actions with the Austrians on the Sesia, they were unable to effect that purpose in time to save hie small force of three thousand volunteers from being repulsed at Como and driven back to Luke Maggiore. By a ,retrospective glance at the career of Garibaldi since he entered Lombardy, we will see how important a strategic movement was assigned to him, Gathering around his standard—already sup- ported by a gallant band of volunteers—the dis- affected subjects of Austria, he pushed rapidly along from the frontier to Varese, thence to Como, capturing both cities, and spreading re- volution as he went. Thence he incited revolu- tion as far as Sondrio, in the Valitelline, which province rose against Austrian tyranny, Master of Como, he commanded all the country be- tween the Adda and the Ticino, north of Monza and Bergamo, with good roads open to him lead- {ng directly to those points, and to Vercelli and Novara on the west. Had he been supported here by the allies, we perceive that he could not only have cut off the Austrian reinforcements arriving through the passes of the Stelvio and the Splagen, from Switzerland, if they violated her territory, and from the Tyrol, through which she is now marching an army from Bavaria, but have placed an army on the flank of the Aus- trians lying on the line of the Ticiao and the Po, and threatened even Milan itself, in conjunc- tion with Napoleon’s main army. But the sudden advance of General Urban’s force from Milan to Como, by railroad, compell- ed him to abandon his position and fall back on Lake Maggiore. Here, as we learn, he attacked the strong fort of St. Michel, which protects the town of Laveno, the largest post fortified by the Austrians on the lake, and, having captured it, entered Lavino, which he occupied at the last accounts—thus, at the worst, having a passage into Switzerland open to him. The occupation of this point is a very impor- tant gain, not only for the gallant General— having thus secured his communications from Como and Varese with the western side of the Lake Maggiore—but also for the French army, which was endeavoring to open a passage into Lombardy by way of Intra and Laveno. This last place fs situated forty miles from Milan and twelve miles from Vare-e, on the shore of the lake, and it faces the towns of Pa- fanza and Intra, which lay on the Piedmontese side, and also the debouchés of the Simplon, near the Borromean Islands. Therefore, although Laveno is only a small town of about 1,500 in- habitants, it has always been considered an im- portant position in a strategical poiat of view. ‘This small town is the head of the Varese and Milan road, and is built on the slope of a high mountain, called Pizza di Orsera, and iis the lake makes there a kind of gulf, the agcess to La- veno by the lake side is almost impossible, being defended by the fort St. Michel, situated on a hill- bordering the gulf on the northern side, and the fort Briadza, on another hill at the other ex- tremity of the said gulf, to the southeast of the town. The fort St. Michel, however, is dominated by alarge country seat, a kind of feudal castle, with two towers at the sides, belonging to the Tinelli family, which, being placed on the high- est part of the town, can be reached by a steep mountainous road, which, through the Orsera and other mountains, leads to Laveno on one side and Varese on the other. It is then probable that the undaunted Italian Leonidas, who is the idol of the courageous and warlike population of that mouata'nous district, may have succeed- ed in throwing his troops into the castle above described, fram which he could easily beat en écharp: the fort of St Michel, which is now re- ported to be in Garibaldi’s possession. The lake, from Laveno to Intra, is only three miles wide, so that the allied troops have now a free paseage from the Sesla to Varese, Como and the Valtelline, ‘That the original intention of Louis Napoleon was to sustain Garibaldi in Northern Lombardy is now manifested by the fact that a Sardinian force has advanced as far as Sesto Calende, a vil- Tagoa short distance to the south of ‘Laveno,where, we learn by the latest news, his advance was arrested by the Austrians, as well as by the fact that five hundred French engineera had arrived at Intra, on the north rhore of Lake Maggiore, with a view to cross over and join Garibaldi. Having said this much of the etrategical move- ments of Garibaldi’s force, let us look at the positions occupied by the other corps d’armée of the allies. The centro and left wing of the Franco-Sar. dinian forces have their headquarters at Vercelli, where Louis Napo!eon was at the last accounts, having advanced from Alessandria. At the lat- ter point Baraguay a’ Hilliers and Gen. McMahon are stationed with a large army, composed of the troops withdrawn from Casteggio, Montebello and Voghcra. General Neil occupies Novara with another corps d’armée ; aud Cialdini, as we have scen, lies farther north, near Lake Mag- giore, with a view to make a jancture with Garibaldi. Thus the divisions of the allied army occupy nearly a straight liae from Alessandria on the south, to the lake, where the Ticino flows out. Vercelli, the centre of opera- tions, lies on the railroad from Turin to Milan, at a nearly central point between the two capi- tals, It is quite probable that Lonis Napoleon contemplates advancing on Milan, in which case one flauk of his army would be protected by the army at Alessandria, and the other by that at Novara, whila the forces under Cialdini would afford further protection on tHe north, should any diversion be made by the enemy in that direction. The Austriams meantime occapy ali the points on the left bank of the Po, from Stradella, near Pavia, to Garlasco, the headquarters of Gyulai, aud Costeggio, Montebello aud Voghera, which the French haye sbandoued. North of Gur- jaseo there is not row, perhaps, an Austrian in Picdmont. The whole forocs of both bel- ligerents, thea, are concentrated within a com- paratively smal} space. Francis Joseph, whose arrival at Verona was before announced, is doubtless by this time at Milan. It is probable that we shall soon hear of a hattle having been fought, and we should not be surprised if it came off at Novara, or be- tween that point and Milan, But in avy event the result of that contest may be merely to decide whetber the struggle is to be carried on towords Turin or towards MiJan, with the assault of either city as the object. That the Austrians entertain some idea of pressing ou towards Turin seems very likely from the desperate attempts, three times defeated, to get possession of Palestre. The allies are making a.new movement in avother direction. Prince Napoleon had iaaded "| with another corps d’armée at Leghorn, and push ed on to Pistoja, a well fortified town on the Ombrone, at the foot of the Apennines, con- nected by railroad with Florence, Pisa and Leghorn, and in a direct line with Bologna, Ferrara and Mantua, His intentions are said to be to stir up revolutions in the different States, aad thus establish a large hostile army in the rear of the Austrians, ‘The enemy,” said Gen. Gyulai in his proclamation from Garlasco, “ap- pears to intend a revolution in the rear of the army placed under my orders, and so force me to quit a position that he dares not, it would seem, attack in front in the open country;” and judging from the action of Garibaldi in the north, aud of Prince Napoleon in the south, the Austrian chief is no doubt correct. Such, then, was the position of the armies, at the latest accounts, and we hardly see how they could long protract a serious and perhaps de- cisive collision. American Sentiments and American Journal= imma in Europe. As was the case in England during the Crimean war, the people of France are beginning to feel the effect of American sentiment and American journalism on the motives and aims of the present war in Italy. An article which we reprinted yesterday from the Constitutionnel— a Paris journal second only to the official Moniteur in its relations with the government aud its influence on French public opinion—gives pointed evidence of this fact. Our Parisian cotemporary, referring to the articles which have lately appeared in the Herarp on the political leanings of the present British Cabinet, is inclined to think that we have beea a little too severe on the policy of Lord Derby. It may be that the Constitutionnel really thinks 0, but we are more inclined to place its expressions to the credit of a chivalrous regard for its recent ally. Be that as it may, however, it docs not at all weaken the fact that there is a grow- fog sensitiveness in the European mind as to what the American people think, and the American journals say, about European affairs. For this result there are both moral and physical causes. The success of our political ideas and system, the developement of literature, ecieoce and art among us, and the energy which the American mind exhibits in its practical application of mechanics to the re- quirements of man, exercise an increasing influ- exce in Europe. Then, too, our national growth, our increasing mercantile and naval marine, and the tide of commerce which pours to and from our shores, not only make their mark in all the havens and industrial hives of Europe, but they show what an immense power for good or ill this country could wield if once roused to action. There is yet another reason which causes the utterances of American journalism to be in- tently regarded in Europe. It is there seen that in this country the statesmen and the politicians have exchanged places. That the executive power of government heré is adm'nistered by the politicians, who, occupied in a lifelong struggle, amid the chicanery and dirt of local and patty equabbles to retain public office, have no time to devote to the study of the higher questions of government and social developement; while, on the other hand, the statesmen, refusing to con tend with the vile elements which dema- gogueism brings into office, seek the exercise of their power through the jouruals, Thus the European p rceives that it is the statesman-edi- tor, and not the oflice-holdin z politician, who ex- erciges a real influence over public opinion and public affairs in this country. To these causes we may add another. The American m‘nd, placed ata great distance from the local mists and influences of Europe, looks upon events there with an Unprejudiced eye, and judges of national policy aud’ national ac- tion with a single regard to their relation to the great good of the human race. Thus it ia, that looking upon the Napoleonic dynasty as the tes- tamentary executor of the great French revolu- tion, and accepting as truthfal Louis Napoleon’s declaration that he goes to Italy only as the vin- dicator of dissatisfied nationalities, we approve thestep, and look forward, hopefully, to the day of Italian liberation and regeneration. Should this hope be deceived, and the course of events develope ulterior designs, or selfish dynastic am- bition bancfu' to the cause of human progress, the American journals and the American people will be as quick to condemn as they have been now ready to approve his course. The Constitu- tionne? need not fear that we shall be led astray in regard to France by the prejudicial errors or the malignant comments of any European press. We have long since got out of the leading strings of British journalism. Between us and the French people th: re exist old bonds of sympathy which will never be forgotten while France is in the Tight, but which will not bias our judgment whea she iy in the w. ong, This sensitiveness in the Enropean mind to approbation or condemnation, as expressed through the public journals, is a faithful evidence of the increasing power of public opinion, and of its natural organ, the newspaper press. This power is steadily and constantly weating away the chains and trammela which the old feudal system has left on the people of Europe. And it is not alone from the New World that this power is being exerted. Beyond the limits of fendal Europe, away towards the eradic of the buman race, another people is growing up and exercising a rising influence on European affaira, Contemplating the march of events from a different skand point, and under widely different political forms from us, public opinion in Russia, and the public journals there, come to very neatly the same conclusions as our celves in regard to the alfaira of Central Burope. Thus there are two great centres of {ntel- ligence and social developement growing up, widely apart from each other, aad pringing their raya io bear in one common foous upon the an tiquated forms and almost chronic errors ef European society and government. Thelr agree- ment under such dissimilar circumstances of po- sition and view proves the righteousness of their judgment, ‘Theee truths, and the important influence they exercise on the great scheme of human progress, should lead public opinion and its organs in this country to carefully weigh events, maturely cof- sider their tendencies, and cautiously guard their own uiterances. Weare no longer a young and insignificant people, and our sentiments and our sympathies carry with them weight in every quarter of the world. Mazaxt on tue War.—The manifesto of Mazzini, published in another column, is the first declaration of any consequence of the views of the red republicans that we have had since the commencement of the war. The ex-triumvir, we suspect, repre- sents at present only a very small section of this party, the majority having been absorbed into the more practical elements which are now en- gaged in the Italian contest. If we were to as- sume that the opinions contained in this docu- ment are confined to M. Mazzini himself, we would probably be nearer the-truth. We be. lieve that out of the numerous band of conspira- tors whose movements he formerly directed he could not now muster a corporal’s guard, In France the spirit of red republicanism has been crushed out by the Emperor's popularity with the masses. In Italy none but fools and mad- men place faith in the inherent power of revolu- tion to achieve its independence. Of these, the majority have been carried away by the enthu- siasm which has infected all classes, and are now to be found ranged under the banners of Victor Emanuel. M. Mazzini, therefore, probably stands alone in the views which he takes of the present struggle. Even the most extreme members of his party believe there is hope for Italy in the alliance with France. The truth is that Mazzini belongs to a clas of fanatical and impracticable minds which, from the time of the younger Brutus down to the present day, have. managed to disturb the world without leaving behind them any useful me- morial of their careers. Infidels, generally speaking, they refuse the evidences of an all-di- recting Power, and refer everything to secou- dary causes. Thus, Mazzini continues to see im the French Emperor only a deepot and an op- pressor, because he put an end to the trials which France endured under the republic. As he can- not admit the critical nature of the circumstances which constitute Napoleon’s justification for the coup d'état, nor the necessity of the rigorous measures by which that step was subse- quently maintained, neither can he concede the possibility that the Emperor is sincere in his professions in regard to Italy, or that he is an instrument used by Providence for the re- dress of grievous wrongs. In this he is con- sistent, but he is not logical. If he perseveresin ascribing all Louis Napoleon’s actions to into- rested motives, he should at least examine whgre his interest lies. The common sense of the world has recognized that in his present movement in aid of Italian independence the Emperor has taken the only course which can give stability to his throne. But this stability is only to be ac- quired by a faithful falfilment of his pledges to Italy, and the most complete abnegation of am- bitious objects. If he deviates from this line of conduct he will aesuredly bring ruin upon him- self, however much Russia may be disposed to aid him in hie views. We believe that there is no man in Europe more impressed with these traths than the Emperor himself, and it is be- cause the European revolutionists have instino- tively acquired a conviction of the fact that they are disposed to place faith in his present profes- sions. It is true they may be deceived in their expec- tations; but in what worse position will they find themselves for that. Italy can never free herself unaided; for, as Kossuth has well stated it, when a people are once enslaved they rarely recover their libertica without the assist- ance of foreign intervention. This is more the case with the Italians than with any other people, for theirs is a nationality divided and split up. No power but a great military monarchy like France can second their struggles for indepen- dence with any chance of success. The military rerources of Austria, and her family connexions amongst tbe sovereigns of the smaller Italian States, are obstacles too formidable to be overcome by other aid. Mazzini may talk and rave as much as he pleases about the inherent power of revolu- tion, but he will get no one to believe in this theory in connection with Italy. His country- men have shown that they have lost alt faith in it from their readiness to place themselves under the constitutional institutions of Sardiaia. This being the case, what have they to lose by calling in the aid of France? It is conceded that they capnot render their pogition worse than it is, and, if they merely exchange masters, they do 80 with a greater chance of eventually asserting their independence. Uatil M. Mazziai can show a different probability, he will waste his breath in talking of Louis Napoleon’s antecedents. It is with the future that we have to do, and not with the past; and in political affairs experience is not always a safe guide. Where, therefore, we find it men’s interests to be honest, we do not feel it necessary to investigate their sincerity through the light of their past careers. i AFFAIRS IN WASHINGTON, Despatches from our Minister ia London—His Views of the State of Affairs tn Europe— Naval Movements, &c. OUR SPECIAL WASHINGTON DESPATCH. Wasmunetox, Jane 17, 1959. Letters were received this morning, brought by the Europa, from Mr. Dallas. The aspect of affairs in Europe, he says, gives litle hope of an carly peace. Ac- tive operations still continue in the territories of the bel- ligerenta and in States not involved in the war, It is thought that the vexod question of neutral rights will paralyze the commercial interests of tho Old World, while we must in almost any event be benciitied. He saya also that it is the opinion of the leading statesmen that should the war be long protracted it will be diffloult for Kogland to preserva her noutrality. The Derby Ministry it fs thought is short lived, Lieutenants Craven and Maiti and Enginoer Archivo’ .a aro ordered to hold a survey on the Cromwell steam ws, and suggtet the changes necessary for rendering t nom effiviont cruisers for specidc duty. , ‘The following officers have bean ordered to tho 8 gamor Crusader :~Licutenant Commanding Maflitt; Lier sonaats Pheipe, Roney and Bonbam. ‘Tio following havo boon ordered to tho at samer Mo- bawk:~Lieutenant Oommanding Craven; Liev tenants Bar bot, Specon and Carpentor; Master Cavater ‘Aariotd, Licutenant Stagley hag been ordered (a the command of the steamer Wyandotte. Tientenant George W. Rogers has, yosn orderot to ordnance duty at the Now York Nav‘y Yard, Intelligence bas been roceived mt cho Indian Ollice from Superintendent Forney, to the effect that the childrea eoved [rom the Mountain Meaow magsacro would leave