The New York Herald Newspaper, May 16, 1859, Page 3

| eiderably detained by fogs and siormy weather, vy = several clear shrill voices at times undur > nea here. they occasionally ha, get igh or toolow. Of course, with children so , it is impossible to pay much attention to the sentl- ‘the poetry, the dyoamics oar obiefly onrnped . , made Sage’ Toe iat wu Want Win, a, el mops. or ir. Fran ‘ui n quite a young man, bas held the position wbout three ) and 8, we were infor ©, Sepang ne Sicalreholar, He is certainly a tastefol and elegant player, Wooing bis instrument jadicionsty , 10 accordance with the Sentiment expressed in the bymna, and making bisaccom- papivents, as they always snould be, subser Veicea of ibe wingers. ‘The volustaries, &o. ‘ample opportunities to displsy bis skili in tho variety aud wee of the stops. The music is under the jomt direction of Mr. Mickle, the oborister, and Mr. Eycbern, suporinten- @ent of the Sabbath school, who select the tunes, and ja. struct the children. Toougb there ia atiil a feoprovement, tho music chogethar reflects pon theso gentlemen, Probably the rare old fashioood @engrogevional music con be, beard in this church a well is is 2 & ES Ei f ‘as w aby in the city, and tbe hearer is pot Hable to be pained by avy appearance of pretence or affectation. CALVAR? GBUROH. @alvary church is growing somewhat colebrate! for ite Mine choir, The organist aud composer Mi King irector of the choir, was for six‘c whe same Position in Grace church. Tho Mise: 2, two sitters, fe soprano and alto, have unusua’iy ‘ue vowes, which they manage admirably; and Mr. W. El. Gooke, the tenor, Lvongh of alight figure, emits a volume of msiody whieh Completely fills the vast building. Mr. Soott, the preaomt excellent bar’, is an amateor, apd Mr Poiliippe Mayer ia ‘een to fil! that position. The- organ ss fine ove, having wbont (orty stops, three banks of keys, ty foar for pedals, and js about thirteen years old—a very fae in- Strament, boilt by Ferris. Mr. Kong’s long experience epables bim to bandie it with skill. He was after leaving Grace church emp'oyed io Dr. Cumming’s Roman “atbo!ic eburch, in Twenty.eightn street, where it will be reco) mm became such an attraction that tho aS a ee esses Sas aia attractiveness. Tho a takes but little of the operatic, sf any. é@ay morning was followed by 4 “Gloria Patria” from ‘Weber, preceded by reading of the Psalms. after the the “Jubilati’” fon eee, oe ane ¢ e Jul ig psalms ‘and bymns were from King’s Grace chorch pt anny Aside from the erudite eloquence and personal wor.o of Br. Hawks, who is renowned for bis learniog and ability, ‘the music of Calvary church 1s maktog it more famous— and mapy are thus induced to attend the bouse of prayer ‘who otherwise might not be spending their tiie #0 pro- 2? Mb fitably. If “music hath charms to footne she sav. ‘would seem to be an appropriate and potent adjunct im re- igneus services. CBURCH OF THE INCARNATION. ‘The Church of the Incarnation (Episcopa:) Rev. Mr. Mentgomery, rector, corner of Madison svenve and ‘Twenty-eight street, bas a choir of conglomorated mate wials. Their singing yesterday afternoon was anything ‘bet pleasant, and the uneasiness manifested by the con ation under the murdered music, by the boyson the Ecprano, bad the appearance of anjtning but’ woredio. u jemen ; the sop) ‘voices seemed to us better fhtsd to socompsny ergab or a band of gypsies than a church organ. Their performance of the firet chant reminded un of a favorite play of our childhood, cailed “Start and Cs:ch ’em.”” The ‘epmusical tones and the utter disregard of time by the ‘Doys, prevented our testing the quality of the voices of the other gingers; and certainly uot) a change is mate, which we understaad wi.) be immediately, the congr ‘won will not enter into the spirit of the performanos of the ehoir, uniees it is 2 spirit of condemnation, which we no- ‘ticed plainly depicted on the conntenaaces of many, Even the long known tune of “abridge,” ws not enocga to redeem them. The organist evitentiy understaa's his Daeinens, and hie opening voluntary impromptu deserves igh commendation. CONGREGATIONAL SINGING. ‘But tew of the New York churches adopt this style of singing, and they are tho folowing, viz:—First Baptist Church, in Broome streot; Dr. Spring’s (Presbyterian); Dy. McE'roy’s (Scotch Presbyterian), in Fourteenth street; and Dr. Alexander’s (Presbyterian), corner of Fifth uve mue and Niweteenth street, At the latter charch the or. gen ie situated at the back of the pulpit. Prof. Wm. Ma Sen, the Coicbrated artist, is the organist, aad Dr. Wood- wan the ‘‘presentor,” or loader. The tuoes used are those used im the old Scotch Presbyterian church, and are selected for simplicity and piainaess. The bymas ‘weed are those known as Wats’ Collection, authorized the General Arsembiy, with seme revisions made io ‘To this church the tunes used are known as tha Jong, short, common, hallviujac, lopg metre double, and eemmon lovg metres. The swgiog 1D this church yestor- @ay, doth forencoa aud afternoon, was exceedingly fae. Afier we min'ster gave ou: the hymns, the “presentor” Steed Bp, and ip @ loud acd soncrous voice pitched the tune. The whole congregation, with but few exceptions, jomed in the singing, and the melody and general effect gravd, Tie congregation bas acquired some @elebrity for its superb singing. and during the apaiver- garies meny clergymen from dvferent parts of tbe Union, ‘wisited this cburch to contrast this with spetem, Bow making inroads on true devot 8T. STEPHEN'S (R. 0.) CHURCH. Bt Stephen’s church, Twenty-eigath street, has general- y a doubio choir of cight or more performers, The ergan is considered to be the finest and largest in the city, built by E:boa, at the cost of $6,000, It bas forty-six steps, all of which act all through, and three Key boards. The muric is under the charge of Mr. Charles Wels, ergo! 1d dirrctor of the choir. ‘The chief singers are ‘fe following — Solo Soprani—WMle. Banman, hiss Donderdale and Mme. 6 Selo Tenor—Mir. Dubos. Bolo Basso—Sig. Colletti. The foliowing distinguished artiets bave occasionally Kindly volunteered their services :—Mme. Cazziniga, Sig. Brigno'i and Tiberivi. The music performed at this coureh eonsiste of Italian, but also of German, French and Ame- viean compositions by the folowing masters :—{tauan ‘@omporisions by Jonerali, Rossi, Corin, Cerats, Mandaniel, Mereadsnte, Masso Nipi, also Rorsini and Belint, Most of ‘these compoeers are, or have been organista, being en- ged in the different cities of Ialy. German compost- ons by Mozart, Weber, Fr. Scbuberth. French composi- ¥ens by Lambulot (a few only.) American compositions are represented by a Grand Mass, composed oy the organ- fet, Mr. Wels,’ maturalized American citizen, The aggro- gate apvos! expense of the music at this church is about Wo thousand dollars, ‘Tar New SmmAMSMIP ADELAIDE, OF THE Gatway Line.— ‘his fine ocean racer arrived here on Saturday afternoon, aiter having successfully accomplished her first passage ‘across the Atlantic. Sho ina very largo steamer, haviog four masts and two smoke stacks. Her length over allie 295 feet, breadth of beam 38 feet and depth of hold 26 feet; her tonnsge is 2,284 rogister, and 3,000 burthon; her machinery is proportioned to her size, and she ts 450 no- minal and over 700 hundred indicated horee power, being cne of the largest and most powerful screw steamships afloat, Bhe is built of iron, ina very massivo and golid manner, and ranks Al at Lioya’s Her eccommodations for passengers are very superior, her raloon being very spacious, and the berths and staterooms large. Ia her sabin 64 can be accommodated, in the second cabin 72, and im the steerage 467, The Adelaide bas three decks, and is manned by a crew of over 120 men. She was built for the Australian trade, and is 9 sister ship to the well known steamship Victoria, She has made some passages before she was placed on the line from Galway to New York, but bas never done much business, and may bo ro- warded as a new vessel. Her mode) is beautiful; and she 4a not only a good sea boat, but a very fast steamer. On her je bere she made vé Ui ag nt lyn pain reached St. Johns from Gaiway in littie ever eight days, anlicipating the news of several other steamers which ‘Sthor Boropean ports, Stopping ene day &t Se. Joba, nue toon but four days of boisterous woather tw reach New York, so that her running time altogether was about ‘bweive days anda half. Her of the wreck} officers have heard nothing Jot the ghip Pomona, with 400 emi- ‘grants, as was tolegrapbed from Newfoundiand when she ‘Srrived there. Among her officers is Raffiell Settimbrint, ‘the young man who assisted the Neapolitan extles to ob- ‘tain the mastery of the ship which was to carry them to America, but which subsequently landed them in Irelaod. Coroners’ Inquests. Mavaxcaouy Acciext To 4 Woma".—Coroner Jackman held an inquest yesterday, at No. 815 Water street, upon ‘the body of a woman named Catharine McGinness, who ‘was accidontally killed by falling from a fifth story win- dow, under the following circumstances :—Sylvester Dixon teatied that he was acquainted with deceased; was in her room at the above number on Saturday; doceascd was ‘washing some clothes, and was endeavoring to bang the iven out upon a line, which was suspended from a hook fa the rear of the filth story, when abe lost her balance end was precipitated to the flagging beneath, a distaace of over seventy icet. When picked up deceased was quite @ead, and the bo#y was found to be, bruised ia a terrible way. Decease: was 38 years of age, and leaves a family ‘to jament her loss. Fatan Casvatty 10 4 Citp.—The game Coroner also eld an inquest at No. 343 Ninth street, upon the body of ‘@ child about 16 months eld, named William J. Rielly, SS eccidentally killed by ialling outof a tourthewory swindow. AaxorneR Fatan BurxixG Accipent.—Coroner Schirmer meld an inquest at No, 363 Houston strest, upon the boty a young German woman named Frederios Burger, who from the effects of severo burns accidentally received ‘hor clothes catching fire. Deceased was reading a wapeper, When sho moved too near tho fire, aud in an stant she was euycioped in flimes. There was no one the ragm at the time sare two little chiliven, who were apable to ren'ef apy assistance. The poor girl was arped foe abovk'ing maxnor, nod lingered in great agony tit Saturday,wh en dearh put em ond to*er euflerings. Farat Vau,--Cor ver Schirmer hold an inquest at Meyne Hospital pou the body of a man named Yadmos Imartin, whe died frm the eftects of frjuries acel- tally récolvca by falling own stairs while intoxicated, H ¥ 5 : Z & z g H 28 ge i NEW YORK RALD, MONDAY, MAY 16, 1859 THE GREAT EVENTSEY BUROPE ARRIVAL OF THE WESER AND BORUSSIA, Three Days Later News. Actual Declaration of War. Important ‘Manifestoes of the Emperor of Austria and the Emperor of France. & The Daily Expectation of a Battle, Attitude: of England, Prussia and Spain. Speeches of Disraeli and Lords Palmerston and John Russell on the War, The United States to Protect England. Immense Military Preparations in Italy. of Austrian and French Troops in Piedmont. The Grand Duchess of Parma Fled and the Duchy Declared for Sardinia, Victor Bmanuel Accepts the Dic- tatorship of Tuscany. THE RUSSO-FRENCH ALLIANCE, THE FINANCIAL PANIC IN LONDON, Naval and Military Preparations of England. Frightful Wreck of the American Ship Ponoma, OVER FOUR HUNDRED LIVES LOST. AGOSIZING SCENES ON THE BEACH, NAMES OF THE SURVIVORS. Arrivats STATE OF THE MARKETS. THE VERY LATEST, Ree Ker ‘The screw steamship Weser, Captain Gatwen, which left Southampton on Tucetay, the 3d of May, arrived at this port about half past six o’clock yesterday afternoon. The screw steamship Borussia, Captain Trautmann, which left Southampton en the same day, also arrived at tbis port about the snme hour yesterday evening. The advices by both vessels'arc three days’ later than ao those brought by the adelaide and Persia. ‘The news is of the highest importance. ‘The Emperor of Austria in an Imperial manifesto had doclared war against Sardinia and France. The greatest and most active proparations were making by the three Powers for a dashing, crushing campaign. Austrian and French troops were pouring into Piedmont. The French Generals Canrobert and Neil had arrived in Turin. The Grand Duchess of Parma had followed the example of the Grand Duke of Tuscany,and fled. Parma had declared for Sardinia, and Victor Emanuel had accepted the Dictatorship of Tuscany. It was apnounced that M. de Hubner and the entire personnel of the Austrian legation would quit Paris on the 2d inst. He was to leave the interests of Austrian subjects in France to the care of the Dutch envoy. M. de Hubner had paid a farewell, visit to M. Thiers and took leave of his friends at the Union Club. ‘The Emperor Napoleon is fond of anniversaries. It was stated that he would review the National Guard on the an- niversary of Nepoleon’s death, May 5. He would get out to join the army of Italy on the following day, May 6, which is the anniversary of Napoleon’s departure from Paris previous to the battle of Marengo, which was fought on June 14. The farewell interview of Baron Kellersberg, the Aus- trian representative, with Count Cavour was characterized by perfect courtesy. ‘‘I hope M. le Baron,” said the Count, “that we shall sco you here again under happier circumstances.’” ‘The Moniteur de la Armée announces that the “Army of the Alps” takes henceforth the appellation of the “Army of Italy.” ‘The Sentinelle Toulonnaise states that the headquarters of the Lombardo: Venetian navy has been removed from Trieste to Venice. Count de Riebter; Russian Minister at Brussels, disd suddenly at Paris (where he was on a visit). recently. On his return at midnight, with his wife, from a party, he was taken ill with pains in the heart, and two hours after bo was dead. He has been temporarily replaced at Brussels by Baron Velho, First Secretary of the Russian ‘Legation. Tho London Zimes of the 3d of May eays:— Since the memorable riots in 1831, no conflagration bas occurred in Bristo) equal in extent or fury to a fire which occurred on Saturday, at Whe sugar reofinery of Mossrs. Fridge and Beipp. These works consisted of several largo store and boiling houses, with numerous smaller buildiogs attached, which had been erected at various times, in a somewhat irrecular manver as the business required in- creased aceom! ation. The ioss of property is estimated at about £100,000. There were upwards of 500 tons of Taw sugar stored on the premises, the whole of which was burnt. Of charcoal the stock was about 1,000 tons, only fiftecn of which wore saved, Messrs. Fridge and Tripp are, it18 understooil, fully inured. About 200 workmen will be thrown ect’ of employment by this untoward event. ‘The Madrid journals of the 20th ult, relate the follow- ing cireumstance:— As the Queen, on Good Friday, was, accor/ling to cus- tom, washing the feet of some poor old women, her Ma- jesty’s bracelet fell off, and one of the women. picking it ‘up, offered it toher Majesty. ‘My good woman,” gaid the Queen, “‘since the bracelet has falien near you, keep it.”’ Of course the woman was profuse in her expressions of gratitude. The Duchess de Molina Corli, who was pre- Sent, told the old woman that she would buy the bracelet of her, anda jeweller having estimated it to be worth 17,000 reals (4,250i.) the duchess gaye that eum. The Canada arrived at Liverpool on May 2. The New York arrived at Southampton on Saturday evening, April 30. THE WAR IN ITALY. ‘War Manifesto of Napoleon—War Manifesto of the Emperor of Austria—Address of the King of Sardinia to his Troops—Prussia’s War Pro- ons Explained—Manifesto of the Fronch Commander in Rome—Manifosto oftho Provisional Government of Tus- cany—Naval and Army Preparations ofEngland—Speeches of Mr. Disraoli, Lord Palmerston and Lord John Russell on the War—Opinions of the English and French Prese—The Financial Panic, kh. &, &o, THE AUSTRIAN MANIFESTO. IMPERIAL MANIFESTO, TO MY PROPLE. Thave oxfered my faithful aod giant army to put @ atop to the inimical acts (anfeinddgen) wiiod for asrries of years have been committed by tho neighboring State —TRIPLE ‘SHEET. ; €>) i 3de seversign. conscience an ‘Sen nipotent God, and Hie . With confidence I ‘mpartial Fry cng cop temporaneous vations. al ae iit bardo Venetian ng! the intention of soguir- ing posseesion of it. Although the enemy was twice totally defeated by my gallabt army, and at the mercy ef the victor, 1 bebay ‘a rocon- snd ch lation (retchte die hand ur ey y priate to myeelf ove inch of his territory, T ener oe. tothe crown of Sardinia, ‘of the European yusisted on Bo guarantees against tho recurrence of simi- Jor events. The band of peace which I in all sincerity ex- hi! appeared to me to be a aum ogfer). ance was an immediate continuation of enmity, which twereaged from year to year, and porfidious agitation against the peace and welfare of my Lombardo Vene- ut bat a precious boon ed to take, in consequence of the revoludjonary ag\tation on the frovtiers of my Italian provinocs and with- jn the tame, were made an excuse for a higher degree of ‘Willpgly accepting the well meant mediation of nay Powers fcr the mamtenance of peace, I consented © beowme a party to a Congress of the Pow he four points proposed by the royal government of eat Britain as a basis for the deliberations of the Con- + ¢83, Were jorwarcedto my Catioct, and I accepted ‘them, witb the conditions which were calculated to bring bout @ true, sincere and dareble peace. In the conscious- vj that bo step on the part of my government could even in the mont reméte cegrea, lead to a disturbance of the peace, I demanded that Power which was the cause of the complication and had brought about edgy wy of warebould, as » preliminary measure, disarm. ing pressed thereto by friendly Powers, I’ at length ac- cepted the Propoeal for a general disarmament. The mediation failed ip consequence of the unacceptablencas of the conditions on which Sardinia made her consent de- pendent. Ovly one means of matotaining remain- ed. laddressed myself directly to the iuian govern- ment, and eummoned it to place its army on a peace foot- ivg and to disband the free corps. As Sardinia did not aceede to my demand the moment ‘or deciding the matter by an appeal to arms has arrived. I have ordered my army to enter Sardinia. lam aware of the vast tmportance of the measure, and if ever my duties as amonarch weighed heavily on me it is at this moment. War is the scourge of mankind, I see with sorrow that the lives and proport of thousands of wy subdjests are imperilicd, and deeply what a sovore trial war ia for my realm, which, boing occupted with its internal developement, gr requires the continuance of peace. But the beart of the monarch must be sient at the command of honor and duty. On tho fron- Hers is an armed enemy, who, in alliance with the revo- lwiopary party, —— announces bis intention to obtain porseseion of the dependencies of Austria in Italy. To support bim, the ruler over France—who under fulile apm (michtige vorwande) interferes in Cock grr efanced ished relations of the Nalian Peninsula—has sel his troops 1m movement. iments of them havo alroady crossed the frontiors of Sardinia. The crown which I received without spot or blemish from my forefathers has already seen trying times. The glorious history of our country gives evidence that Providence, when there is a fore- abadowing that the greatest good of humanity is in dan- ger of being overthrown In Europe, has frequently used tho sword of Austria in order to dispel that shadow. Wo are again cn the ove of such The overthrow of the things that be is not oniy aimed at by factions, but by thrones. The original cannot be rendered literally, but its sense is, that the present revoluti movement ta caused by monarchs as well as by private individuals, The sword which I have been forced to draw is sancti- fied —s ag itiga defence for the honor and rights of all peoples and States, and for all that is held most dear by bomanity. ‘lo you, my people, whose devotion to the hereditary reigning family, may’ gerve a8 a model for all the nations of the earth, I'now addrces myself, In the conflict which vag commenced you will stand by mo with your oft proved udelity and devotion. To your sons, whom I have taken mto the ranks of the army, I, their commander, send my martial greeting (waffen-gruss). With a er ou may re- gard them, for the eagle of Austria will, their sup- pert, roar bigh. Our etruggls ie & just one, and we begin it with courage and confidence, We hope, however, that we shall not stand alono in it. The eoil on which we have to do battle was made fruitful by the bicod lost by our German brethren when they won those bulwarks which thoy have main- tamed up to the present day. There the crafty cnemies of Germany have generally begun their game when they have wished to break her internal power, The feeling that euch a danger is now imminent prevails in all of Germany, from the hut to the ym one n- tier to tbe other. Ispenk asa sovereign member of tho Germanic confederation when I call attention to the com- mon dapger, and recall to memory the glorious times in which Europe bad to thank the general and fervent enthu- siasm of Germapy for its liberation. For God and fatherland. Given at my residence and is of Vienna on, ‘this 26th day of April, 1859, FRANCIS JO3EPH. (From the Oesterreichische Correspondenz of Vienna, ‘April 29.) * * * * * * The Russian peace project failed because Vance, in ‘direct opposition to the original proposition, that Ssrdinia should be admitted to tho Congress of the five Powers. At the very last moment the British Govorn- ment made an attempt to ley the storm. Returning to its first proposition, the English Cabinet, on the 26th instant, offercd to mediate between Austria and France in such a way that the immediate and general diearmament, and the tettlement of the existing differences, should be settled by means of direct negotiations between tho Vienna and Paris Courts. Austria occepled the offer at once, but France rejected it. While the Austrian army was waiting on this side of the Ticino for the reply of Sardinia to the summons which bad been sent to Turin, and for the result of the British negotiations, come French troops landed at Genoa, and others crossed the Alps into Sardinia, thereby violating the stipulated neutrality of that part of the Savoy which known as the Genesis. The foregoing facts require no commentary. Other events show the real charactor of the so-called Italian question. A military revolution bas broken out in Fiorence, and the insurgents have given the Grand Duke of Tuscany the choice between abdication und an alliance with Sardinia. The Grand Ducal troops fraternizo with the people, and the Tuscan Cabinet has resigned. On the 28th inst,, the Grand Duke quitted his States, and weat to Bo logna. Massa and Carrara are ia open insurrection, and, under the auspices ot Sardinia, a Provisional gevernment has been formed in those countries. The Italian tricolor hag been boisted on all the public edifices. The plans of Count Cavour are now evident. Sardinia, supported by France, has begun a revolutionary war. True to her biatorical calling (wel/geschichtlicher Beruf’) Avatria bag again drawn her sword in defence of the inter- national treaties, of the independence of the ditferent States, and of social order in Europe. FINANCIAL SCHEMES OF AUSTRIA. Vumwva, Saturday, Aprit 30, 1869. The official Wiener Zeitung publishes the foliowing financial decrees: — 1, The Income tax of the third claes is to be retained by the pay office immediately upon the interes: on the pubile funds being paid. 2. A loan of 200,000,C00fl. is ordered, but as it is for the present impossible to contract it, the National Banik will advance two thirds of the nominal vaiue of the loan mm new notes. 8. Tho third decree releases the National Pank for the prerent from tho obligation of meeting its notes by specio payments. 4 Tho tourth decree orders that duties and certain ex- cise dves must for the fatare be paid in silver, or in pay- able coupons of the national loan. THE FRENCH MANIFESTO. gg Tapert Mae blr order is Imperi jesty, legislative body, rendors it needless for me to revert to focidentg which have oecupied public opinion for somo weeks: Nao and have been the subject of my last dcepatches. The gravity of the present stato of affairs bas te in a Rec Serna amr mryean ge fore us will not, unbappily, wi and perseveri teforts avo endeavored to obtain. In etch a Borious Cou junctare it is a great covsolation to the Emperor’s govern- ment to be able to submit withont heskation to the ver- dict of Europe the question as to on what Power too responsibility of events rests. That the state ‘of taings in Italy was abnormal, that the discontent and underhand which resulted ution: an inevitable ‘by England, Prna- sia and Russia, e8 well as ance. The unanimity of apprchensiocs immediately created the conformity of sentiments and measures. Lord Cowley’s mission to Vienn: pro} of @ con , emavating from St. org, the support given by Prursia to these attempts at ap arrangement, the of France to adbere io the combinations which followed cach other up to the !ast moment; all these acts, in a word, emanated from the same ingpiration—the sincere and lively desire $9 consolidate ce by no longer ignoring 4 difficulty which so evident- yy threatened to diaturb it. Tn this phage of the affair the Emperor's | hae me hax had its share of initiative and action; but this alare— Tem particular in stating it—has always been mixed up with a collective labor. France simply offered her co ope- ration a8 # great European Powor to settle amicably and honestly witn the other Powers a qnestion which—I ¢o wot den; it—aroused her sym; thies; but im which she did ive partioular duties to fuldi or resis to deiend. The day upon which the inet had promised, by a solomn declaration, not to commence hos- tilities it seemed itself to anticipate the attitude which any aggrestive act against Piedmont would cauge the govern- ment of the Emperor to assume. Such an aesurance, he giving time to the meditation of tho Powers to exert itrelf, allowed the bi of red shee mate meeting of the Congress. In fact England had just rettled, with the assent of France, Prussia and Russia, the Jast condyions for the meeting of that assembly where tho place which justice and reagon assigued to tho Italian States was granted to them. Sardiaia, on her part, nd- hered to the principle of a eimultanoous and previous dis- armament cf ali the Powers which, for some time past, bad increased their military strength. To these tokens peace tho Vienna Cabinet suddenly opposes an act which, z bre yome ep it as it deserves, is equivatont to adeckura- jon of war. Thus Avstrin destroys alone, and with intent, the ear- neat labore of England, seconded #0 bonestly by Russia and Prussia, facilitated with so much moderation by France. Not ently does she exctnde Sardinia from tho Congress, ebe summons her, undor penalty of coorcion, to disarm without any condition within threo days. A large tmititary free is divpinyed at the game time on the banks of the Ticing, and. to say theyruth, it ie in the midet of an advancing army that te Austrian comman- der-1y-chief awaiis the reply of the Surin Cabinet. f sengeh of sts penton, ‘You are aware, sir, of the ins) at Lon- Ber! a Fotarsburg ty thes and fatal pn eh ea = fest which public opinion has aghout all Tt Englend, Prostia and’ Russia, by th they tened 1 take} have been abla 'eliove, hale moral Fe. a the exactions of their offended bility ee ernment of Sip Rereecey fares Se » fous Cone ad to mark te atti- more ry, ani ster obligation’ vere ‘moposed week Nothing moditice the solidarity which was es- tablished at the commencement between us aad tbe me- diatiog Powers; the question remains at bottom the same; but we bave too much confidence in the intentions whi h ‘bose Powers bave given us such striking proofs to fear for a moment that they should misunderstand the 5 sens? of the policy which ancient traditions and imperious ee a geographical position a0 naturally indicate France, since balf acentury, bas never pretended to exercige ! n tpterested tcfnence in Italy, and it is not she, axsurediy, whocan be accused of baving attempted to arovse tle remembrance of ancient struggles and his- torical rivalities. All that she bas hitherto asked for, and tria'les wgreo with her wiehes, is that the States of the (i:aliad) Pevineuin should hve for themeclives and manage their own affairs at home as well as im their foreign relations. Tam not aware that 8 aiffirect view is taken at London, Berlin, or St Peteraburg than at Paris; bowever it may be, circamstances have placed Anstria towards the various Powers of Italy in a position unani- movsly judged as preponderating. pia alove has. bitherto essaped an ipfluence which, by enere! consent, bas changed in an important portion rope the balance of power which it was attewptod toegtablish, Everywhere else this fuct was very grave; but, whatever were ovr private sentiments, it might sufiice for ve, koowing the opiaions of the other Cabinets, to point outte them the evil to correct, ‘o much reserve, when Sardinia is concerned, would be to forget our most eseential interests. It is not the con- formation of the ground which,on this side, commands one of thefrontiers of France; the parses of tho Alps are not in our bands, and it’ is most important for us that the key should be kept at Turin,and at Turin only. Freneh consider ions, but which are also Earopean con. riderations as long as respect of the rights and of the le- git to interest of the Powers will continue to serve as a rf to their reciprocal reJationt—these considorations, 1 say, do not allow the Emperor’s government to hesitate ‘upon the line of policy it ought to follow when a State so copewerable as Austri« uses threatening language towards Piedmont, end opealy prepares to dictate laws to tt. This Obligation acquires additional force from the refusal of Austria to discurs before acting. We do not wish at any bes to find ourselves face to face with an accomplished lact, and it is such fact which the government of the Em- ror is resolved to prevent. It is not, therefore, an of- fensive attitude, it is @ measure of defence which wo are now acopting. ‘Ancient remembrances, community of crigin, a recent alliance of the sovercign hovses, unite us to Sardinia. ‘There are serious reasous for sympathy, which we fully appreciate, but which, perhaps, would pot sutlice to decide vs. What ¢istinctly points oct our path is the permanent and bereditary interest of France, the absolute impossi- bility for the Emperor’s government to allow a blow to be struck which would establish at the foot of the Alps, con- trary to the wishes of a friendly pation and to the wieh of its govere'gn, a state of things which would subject the ‘whole of Italy to a foreign mituence, Hig Imperial Majesty, strictly faithful to the words which be pronounced when the French people recalled him to the throne cf the chief of his dynasty, is not ani- mated by apy personal ambition or desire of conquest. It is not lopg sinco the Empcror gavo @ proof, in a Laro crisis, that moderation was the soul of his poticy. Tat moderaticn still presides over his designs, and, while sbiclding the interests which Providence has entrusted to him, bis Majesty bas no idea, you may most positively assert it, of his views from these of bis allice. Fer from it, his government, referring to the incidents which bave marked the negotiations of the preceding weeks, entertains the firm bope that the government of Her Britannic Majesty will continue to per- severe ip sn attitude whieh, by up} by a moral bond the policy of the two countries, wtls allow the Cubine!s of Paris and ef London to give mutual explanations without reserve, and to combine, according to eventualities, an en- tenle destined to preserve the Continent from the eftects of a stroggle which may ariso at one of its extremitics, Russta, we are perfectly comvinced of it, wilt be ali ready to direct her efforts (9 the same end. AB Togar Prussia, tho impartial and, at the same time, concillating spirit of which the bas given proof simce the commence- ment of the crisis 1s a eure guarantee of her inclination to neglect notbing to circomecribe the explosion Ve sincerely hope that the cther Powers which form the German Confederation will mot allow themselves to be led autray ty the rmembrances of a different epoch, France can only behold with rorrow the excitement which has selzod upon some States of Germany, She doer not understand bow that great country, orcinarily eo calm and £0 ‘lotically tmbued with the khowigdge of ite atrongth, should fancy ite safety menaced by etents the theatre of which must remain far from its territory. The Emperor’s government 1s therefore prone to believe that the statesmen of Germany will soon admit that it cepends a great deal upon themselves to contribute to limit the extent and the duration of a war which France, if she has to take part in it, has at least the consciousness of not having provoked Trequest yeu, sir, to point out the considerations de- veloped in ‘this despatch in your next interview with &. ——, and to leave him acopy, The clear language in which I’ now express myself by the Empsror’s or and which implies bis Majesty's wish to’ give to the other cabinets every possible guarantee to bring them to a true ay £0 much og they are concerned af to that it is difficult for me to suppose that the goveramen of —— will not. receive these explanations with a cond dence equal to that which dictated them. April 27, 1859, WaLewis OPINIONS OF THE ENGLISH PRESS, {From the London Times, May 3 The circular of the French government, addresged to its diplometic representatives at the different courts of Eu- rope, which we published yesterday, has evidently been prepared with much care, and must be allowed to Present What might pass in the eyes of a careless observer of pass- ing events for the vindication of a course of conduct which ‘we are nevertheless dieposed to believe the mature jadg- ment of Europe will not hesitate tocondemn. We cannot sey that thie maniftsto presents bo ig remarkable specimen of literary merit Tho style is diffuse and ob- secure, and the writer assumes a credit to which he i gcarcely entitied when he congratulates bimeelf on the clear and explicit language which be ewploye. The Austrian government bas, with cbaracteristic inertness, made no appeal tothe public opinion of Europe, and enters upon an European war with only a vague address to the Austrian people, which does not record in any authentic shape the grounds which bave, in its opinion, jastified its premptory summons to Pietmont. Austria, in fact, relying aparently on the valor of its ‘and. tha leaves its character to tne mercy of friends and enemies, just o@ it has allowed France to write the history of the innumerable struggles between hergolf and Austria in the time of the first Napoleon. ‘According to the Moniteur, there never was 80 plain a care as that which ‘the Emperor Napoleon submits to the judgment of Europe. The abnormal state of things in Italy, ang the ger with which it is fraught, have stru alike Franco, England Russia, and Prussia. ‘They have acted in union. Lord Cowley’s mission to Vienna, tho Russian proposal of a Congrers, the carncstncas of France is adhering to each combipation up to the present hour—all these are proofs that the game motive has inspired the same course of action in all the Powers. Let noone suppose that France bas taken any initiative in the matter. She has merely acted in her capacity as one of the great Enro- pean Powers, without private duties or proasing interests, when, just. as matters had been brought to a point which promiscd the meeting of a Congress and tho sotution of every <ifiiculty, Austria, for some unaccountable reason, bas broken loose from all the trammels of negotiation, and met the conciliatory advances of France and ail the other three Powers 3 &@ summons to ing Site yale of Re a a Pr in, the modera- ingiand, the loyalty sBis aD ai tied of France, have all Doon in yain—Anstrla bas brexen loose, and a war with Piedmont is tho roeult. France has acted jointly with tho other Great Powers, but. row she fs called upon to ascert her individual existence. Ancient traditions and her geographical situation call her to the relief of Sardinia, and she ia quite certain that no misconception in the minds of the other great Powers can exist with regard to the attitude she has taken up. France renounces any interested influence in Italy; desires only ‘Italy for the Italians,” and supporia Sar: dinia on considerations Earopean as well as French, expcovally as Austria refuses to discuss before she fights, She has no desire of conquest She showed her mode- ration by putting an end tothe Crimean war. She docs not wich to separate herself from the Powers with whom ebe bas bitherto acted. She nourishes the firm bope that the entente cerdéale with England will be ved, Of ‘Russia sho has no doubt whatever. Prusaia is both im- pertial and concilistory, and anxious to circumacribe “ the explos‘on of the oriais:” and, Germany be a little troubled and excited, the will, no doubt, speedily return to her habitual calmness and good sense. Such is the general cflect of the Imperial manifesto. ft ia much to be regretted that this statement, satsifactory as to the past and so reassuring as the future, doce not rest om a more solid founda. tion. The opinion of Europe, which it challenges, will, we do not doubt, be given, but given — the whole facts of the case as they have been from time to time disclosed, rather than upon that which the Moniteur chooses likely that Europe will believe: with regard to Italy wero the Joint ation on the part of the four @ common senso of uneasiness things in that country, because it is well known that these negotiations sprang: out of a me held out to Austria, and ocouped Europe lately, it ‘was felt to be a prelude to a general war. Fs city, and not as acting jointly with the ad The Ringed Lend the mission of jepna ai proposed were parts of the mato scomo and Yho mission of Lord Cowley was and hesion of France to the Congress was, so far as we at presen, the cbly cause why that sucessful id Tiot produce a eet peaco. Tho whieh Lord Cowley were arranged wi France and agrecd to by Austria, who has ready (o carry them reason : dl ae BE ai ‘out, and no given why the results of that mission wero ‘tho purpoee of substituting for it a Congress. was never bkely to meet, England which Austria accepted, ‘and which France transpired thal there was, to use the words of Prince iff, “a written engagement between Franee and a Under there circumstances Austria had her resolu- tionto take. She was weighel down »y the enormous expense of @ vast army, which she had beea.driven to concentrate, rot by the remonstraces of ths four Powers, but by the thrertening attitude of France aud her vanguard, “Sardinia. She mw that since the present orisis bad begun Franos bad, with every symp- tom of haste and urgency, contracted an ‘alfance with the royal Jamily of Savoy. She saw that nego. i Gort Ru reciation of the situation, and reassure them, in the consequences, fo ignorance, These cir Montteur does not condercend to notice, throw, some little light on the condnct of Austria, anc , at any rate, Bot so inex licable as the Monueur would it to be, We aro not writing the dofepoo Of Austria it ie her duty and hor ‘ntereat t9 do that hereelf — but only showing how completely the main facts of tho case are euppressed and distorted in the circular of the French goverament. If Austria believed the negotiations to be for the purpoee of secur’ ccneable for interrupting Even if be ¢id not believe’ th unwise 1 precipitating zo fearful a catastn ep Which exporas ber conduct t> ench severe Plavsible criticism. Je might have been better even to awalt the full matority of the preparations of France, Russia, and Piedmont, rather than take a step so pecu livrly hablo to miseenstyuction; but, at any rate, Aer duct is not tincture’ with that causeless ond inenplicable vashnest which the French gowrnment seeks to jin upon tt Teere is a swgviar historical paraliel. No censure could be more severe, and no censure apparently bet ter deserved, than that which Europe united in pass ‘wg om the conduct of the English government which bombarded Copenhagen; but when the secret cles of the treaty of Tilsit came to be known the censure was retracted, and the measure admitted to be one which, however apparently harsh, was justified by an overpowerlng necessity, Had France takea no more promivent part in the Italian question than England, or than Prussia—had che net herself superteted the missin of lnd& oe at the very moment that it seemed mos! lilly be successful, and admitted in us sad the idea of a gress yropoved by Russia, wah whom she was acting under @ secret unceranding, the complain of the Atniteur migbt be well founced; as it is, we can oaly regret that 1 should bave been thought neceseary to place before Europe a document which no one acquainted with the occurrences of the last few months can accept as a full or faithful narrative. [From the London Post (Lord Palmerston’s organ) May 3.) Count Walewsk! bas addrossed a circular note, expiana- tory of the policy of the French government at the present cribis, to the French representatives at all the hay pv Courts. The Minister for Foreign Affairs at Paris the ett argument from the beginning. ‘and the _recipate Ceclaration of war by the Court of Vienaa has given M. do Walewski an easy triumph. Every one condemned the Austrian manifesto of the 10th ult.; the supporters of French policy were confirmed in their opinions; the wa- verers gave way; and the partisans of the Austrian go veroment were shaken in their allegiance, Nothing seemed eee, an anion na hong twee. om rcpe from the cause a oute Derby, the best official friend of Austria the Prime Ministers of the day, bad come forward spoata- eeously to deciare tho policy of that empire to be ‘“crimi. nal.” Tis revulsion of feeling appears to have been too sudden and too violent to be endured at Vienna. It bap pens at any rate that, simultancoualy with the origin of this hostile feeling towards the Austrian government, a strange story got aticat in the circlea of Vienna regarding the formation of a secret treaty, having for its oes te partition of Austria and ultimately o ‘Europe. Fiance and Russia. The origin of this ia the Aus trian capital, and its coincidence in time with the rise of the fecling which !t was calculated to allay, render it eminently uxpicious. That it should have been Gigseminated om an official source, without » shadow of foundation, would have been mer to bave incurred the certainty of its being immediately disal- pated. A story, therefore, was hit — which possessed the advantage of this first sight plsuai nny, that a certain agreement upon certain general principles of durfyg the war then virtually declared by Austria against Sardinia, had been put into form by the French and R: sian governments. To our minds, the fact of ite date, three daye aubsequently to the Austrian deslaration against Sardinia, if we accept the obvious inference that jt was arrived at in cousequence of that declaration, seems to preciude the possibility of its embracing any large and comprehenrive views. The mountain ‘thos orginally based on this molehill was eagerly mag- pifled by the partizane of Austria and the oppyncate of France until it grew into an Atlas or a Mout Biauc, and it is pow bruiied about as the greatest phen: around us. The chject of this Viennese story—to the anti Austrian ‘fect of the recent declaratim against Se dinta—coid hardly Rave escaped even the most credu- us. Count Waleweki'a circular is, therefore, very well timod. It shows with great clearness and particularity the man- ner in which Austria rudely interrupted negotiation just atthe momen: at which it appeared to present the best. chance of a successful issue. Nor is there the slightest Teagon 10 suppose that Austria was ever really actuated by 2 belief in the existence of the secret treaty which her partieaus avpounce and condemn when she sont her per- tmptory summong to Sardinia; for if sho had beon go, #be would surely have entered such a cogent argument ae whi she put forth the other day in isposed to be hard upon Austria, nelther pr cons in favor of France. Wo deal simply with facts, and with the most natural inter- ences to be drawn from them. The Court of Vienna, if it ‘do susceptible of any feclings of gratitude at ail, ought to be eminently obliged to its somewhat oificlous cers in the press of thig country, who come forward with a statement of Prince Gortachakoff to the witted hat itself into tho faise position of building upon. ere are, however, works of supercrogation which the Austrian government will view with complacency, though it will not itself avow them, or by any overt act make fteelf @ direct party to them. The Austrian Court is ua- doubtedly in ne small measure indebted to the biindness, or zea), or generosity ge it which it may) of those woo veil their perceptionr thelr antipathics. Thet Court. had certainty enough to expiain away through the inatru. mentality its friends. * * * * Will Count Buol ve ptuye Upon Bn answer to £0 explicit a statement; and, if Eo will, wi notice will he taxe of the Viennese canard bce exerciged 80 happy an effect om this side of the too bee THE WAR NEWS IN PARIS. {From the Paris Pays, May 1} All forts of rumors aro afloat, most of which must be received with tbe greatest circumspection. Among other things it is said thatam Austrian corps d’armee hes marct- ed upon Novi, in order to cut off communication by the railway between Genos and Turin. It sufices to say, French troops are at Genoa, and they will know how to keep up their line of communication. [From the Paris Patrio, May 1] The Austrians bave eutered Piedmont tn three divisions, ‘The firet body, composed of twenty batallions and eight batteries, had arrived at Grayollona by three o'clock oa the 20th.’ Their advanced posta were at Vespopolate the 30th, et balf-paet eleven in the morning. The second and more considerable corps operated its movements in the night of the 2th. It has ponctrated as far as Cussalo, near Vigevano, passed the ford of Abbiate-Graggo, and be. gan the march’ from Vigevano towards Mortara. Tho third ig moving inthe north. Yesterday morning it disembarked at Stresa and Arona, on Logo Maggiore. ‘These detai!s are contained in two despatches sent to the govervment by our Minster at Turin, and published by he Montieur thie morning. Anotber private despatch maintains that the Austrians have like lanza, an important town on the Lago ire. It 18 difficult to say if these different bodies sre or aro not on the road to Turin. A despatch reccivod frora that capital this morning declares that tho Avstrians have oc- cupled Novara, and are advancing on Vercelli—there mm be, without doubt, the troops composing the first corps. ‘Thoee of she second advancing on Mortara, would take the direction of Carale or Aleesandria. Those of the third would probably march on Biella and Torea. Scch, at least, are the svppositions which would be suevestad by the chemy’s movements, ” occupied Pal- * * * ‘We are assured that M. de Hubper, Ambas: .Jor of his Majesty, the Emperor of Austria, is to Jove Paria to mor- row (Monday.) We announced yesterday that chaplains it to be gent to our army in Italy. Further infor- mation permits us to add to-day that, faithful to their tra- ition ig! Beaders tre) bhp rem for the clergy in France, with piety and patriotism, solicit eagor! the avdicult and hoble ‘mission, and deatre to take part ia the perils and hardships of the campaign, We believe that at the Admiralty @ have been received since the firat tidings of war, no less than 500 ations from membere of the clergy desirous of em ih our ehips as chaplains. Such a fact is the beet answer to the argu- menis, or rather insinuations, by aid of which certain ‘ty men #eck to spread the belief that our intervention In Italy causes the clergy of France great uneasiness for the salety of the Sovercign Pontiff and the preservation of his temporal power. [From tho Paris Presso, May 1.] A despatch from Berne, April 30, says the enemy, after having occupied Intra and Palanza, on the Lago Maggiore, png cut the telegraph wires communicating with Switzer- Jand. Another despatch from Torin this morning tells us the Austrians have occupied Novara since the evening of the Sith, and are advancing on Vercelli. We hear also from Vienna the news of an evgagement which took on the Lago Maggiore, between the Austrian and Piod- monteec flotias. This remor seems to vs withodt founda- tion. It proceeds from « despatch dated April 26, whioh said that the Sardivian steamers on the Menem A x approach of an attack whieh they were not jet, had placed themselves under the protection of Swiss neutr : Shee were immediately disarmed by order of the Federal Council. ORDERS TO THE FRENCH ARMY IN ROME. ‘The following is the text of the order issued by Gencral 00 ae Hranguantens, Rowe, April 26,1859. Peaceable, but public, manifestations have taken place. ‘Whatever may be our sympathy with the sentiments which have been expressed, we cannot allow them to be repeated. Any pub! manifestation Is a breach of ordor; roiven deagreesle Conseqtenees pau tose wh islguto volves disagrees! upon wi it. The law forbids all gatherings, and orders, if neces- sary, their dispersion by force, Here, by order of our Ewreror,to aseist the venerable and Father, by {sci of order, it is my di ascommander of the public force, to enforce the law. duty, however painful it may in every circumstance; ‘be, chall be aocompliahed by us but I rely the intelligent and prudent feelings of the Roman poble to tak sy task a DE GOYON. more enay. THE STATH OF ITALY. [Turin letter, April 28, in London Times. } Iran down by an early train yesterday to Aleesundrio, of ©: 5 « e King, 1e Fire e Austrians, At tho railway station, from 8 A. My @ ong detachment of grenadiers was in waiting to receive his Majesty, whose departure had been posit an- bounced by the Turin papers as to take place im! after the solemn macs celebrated yesterday to implore the benediction of Heaven on the Piedmontese army. {Tho er, till ia Turin, although, doubtless, his Wat not long, be, deterred. Tae nigh before % ed that the French were 'y at Ales. tandria, and or my return here last night I found the be- jief very general that Were 0, but up to7 P.M. none had arrived there. 7,000 ‘wero at Gehoa yeetorday afternocn, Those at Sasa, expected yesterday in Turln, are still at Bora, and tia now that they will not be in dere to-day. ‘Thin report seems oonweoted with another of 08 Detweea France and Austria, It seems vaitesesna ea, 8 of thie, Loy * ri ll the appearance Place expecting ae = On the side: on ‘ani the. sAnvtriand mi re looked for the walls are manned by infantry 7 ir arms; the artillorymen are at their guns, on 8 Teadivess'to receive an enemy, while ia the ‘armes, in rear of the ramparta are reserves of Yantry and batteries of artillery. Generala and staff renee aa ee guns upon the Planted very ff fortifuacions ponetble, owing tothe standing orders: T'was maga’ oo even officers were not allowed upoo the ramparta, ¢. Onemerging from the encetnte a di culty is opposed toexterral survey In the sbape of boards, epjo'pl: g ag yg ee dn the works to keep to the bigh road. Seen from the oatside, the rampa: ta, with their range of levelled gons and Mine of soldiers’ beads, have @ mort warlike sppeersate No sign, a8 yet, bow- ever, of the Austrian! e of the frat things I beard on that they were ia force at that & cannonade bad bee: Tbe capnooads seems to have French vessels that had reached cp arriving at Alcseandria was, Vigeveno and Mortara, and beard the previous day. th been the salute of Genoa with troops: according to ne ‘best accounts I Cor tigarnll was rf up to yesterday evening, to a shebt recopnoissance, which Very few troops were employed. The forces” Alessapdria ere varidurly estimated. es high ae 40,000 men, but should arms Wikh soldiers, to be nearer the mark. The place and it i@ really tmpessible to Ox their numbers, because had marched oat yes- cbanges are frequent. Some terday morning to San Salvadore, between Al apd Casalo. A proclamation waa posted at the atrest corners, cail'ng on the Nationa) Guard w bold iteclf readiness to do duty, as the troopa Were going to the. to mect the invader, Tapurehend the troops wii! hard! do that unti! supported by a respectable body of un the other hand, the Austrians seem im no horry to Puch forwad. We cannot tell what they may be Dining, or at what moment a sudden attack at soveral Points may not be made, but if they intend to profit by the alencervess of the force now before them, aad w forestau the arrival of a strong one from Francs, they bave b i it is to be accounted for by 2ome fresh atcempt at negotia- ton Mo gc seegnnse, of ae Austrians is = explicable. evening, at a quarter past Baron Kellersperg and Ligoor Ceschi deila Santa Croce, the bearers of the summons, left Turin by special train, accompanied to the frontier by Colonel Govone, of the Sardinian staff. We ere thas the ‘would have croesed in the bight or early yesterday morn- ing, instead cf which, up to yesterday evening all seem to have done, is to send out a light cavalry recon- poiszance. They must know the ground pretty well from past experience, and their spies ought to bave informed them of the ns of, the Sardinian army. It is posai- bie that the idea of a dash into Piedmont, if entertained, has been abandoned, and that they mean to wait the arrival of the French, and an opportuaity for a battle on alarge scale. A first sucores, however, even a amat! one, would bea great thing for them, for whet tae Aostriang want is not soldiorship or courage, probably not good leaders, but prestige. ‘The communications in this country in the diredtion of the Austrian frontier daily become more limited, owing to mili arrargemenis and to the closing of railway lines; and travelling beyond gisn pointe is now imporsi- vie. ' Dating from to-day, pri¥ate telegraphic messages for the interior are ro longer received. Toe Smee opt om f is observed with regard to the movements of troops, ttrongerr, as Boglishmen several years resent in ere. AD men sever: mont, and two Erglish officers coming a from Loa! A ‘were arrested within the last: eight hours at the two latter on the of Austrians. They bad their 8, and an hour’s detention wzs all the inconvenience they had to suffer—a ‘caution to fair haired Englishmen of military aspect not to wander about the front at the present moment. At Tr met one or two Itelian poe ye ing to General Ulioa’s legion, the 8, Jom of the mye 2 which bas a depot at Acqnt. A appears in the Turin papers inviting all persoas who applied for commissions in that corps to selvca at the office in this capital. In ments at Aleteandria, and particularly in Brigade, which is considered a sort of nticed a great — of the lately enlisted volunteers: (iply. most of thea i ir i itt 4 a various ports of very men, bore slender frames but ili filled out the long tout of coarse gray cloth. Sitting down to rest in course of my wanderings, 1 fell into cooversation three of them, gentieman}y lads, all from Floreace, who bad been barely two months in the ranks of the - montere army. They. evidently found their new profes- sion a de: e'y hard one, but they showed no flinching, althongb they would glatiy have dispensed with » portion ery large allowance of drill to which they are subjected in order to fit them tostaudsnoulder toshoulder with their more experienced and less gentty nartured comrades, General della Marmora is a strict hparian, and if he has been ioduced. not ip eaid, to admit iuto the army jalian volunteers, he itt i 2 if them clean, And I saw another, who was off duty, who, to judge from bis bair, cut’ to the quick, had’ come out of the basds of the regimental barber, on a pair of kid gloves with the air of a man whose fingers bad never been used to support a musket batt. From what I bear, I should think the Sardinian regular army bas now received into its rapks about as many as will for the present be admitted. At least, if more are admitied it will hardly improve ite efficiency, for the most willing recruits cannot de soldiers by the mere act of Volunteer® continue to arrive Upwards of » bun- dred men bave just pared my window, coming from the railway; but among most of the arrivais I observe a large proportion of undere'zed and feedle-'ooking boys. I bave ail along considered, however, that the muster of volunteers was to be looked upon ratber as a political Upenboretni yg gar 88 @ valuable accession of military strength. The Brigade of Savoy, the Inst troops tn Turin, left at late hour on Tuesday night. A considerable crowd assem- Died to see them cff. The National Guard relieved them at their different posts. The Savoyarde were in the * = spirits, and seenlng'y overjoyed at the prospect of a It. "The Extraordinary Commissioners, or Civil Governors, lately appointed by Royal decree, have left for their re- apective vistricts, A decree fixes the redemption money payable by conscripts belonging to the levy of 1849 at 3,600f , or £144, A decree, dated the 26th inet, appoints the Prince of Carignano to be the King’s Lieutenant Geveral, or sentative, during his Majesty’s abeence from the capital, ‘and authorizes him to sigu Royal decrees, he ay eae sures for the King’s being kept duly informed of of serious importance. The Prioce bas already signed his first decree, ordering a levy of 1,250 men for supplemen~ tary service In the navy, THE SEAT OF WAR AND SCENE OF THE GREAT STRUGGLE, [From the London Times, May 3.) In the obecurity which clouds a1 intelligence from the seat of war we can hardly do better than to furnish our readers witb some preliminary knowledge of the extentand features of the scene—a proceeding which will be ail the more acceptable ag it admits of being made both simple and precise. Whether the war can, indeed, be confined ta those territories, is a very different question, but as long as it is mited by the boundaries now to it there can be po reason why the exact import of every telegraptie despatch should not be immediately compre- The kingdom of Sardinia, composed of Piedmont— its pripepal mass—in the centro, the ancient pro- vince of Savoy tn tho noribwest, and tne mari- time territory of Gonea in the south to ite eastern frontier. it is conterminous along its entire Jength with France, its aliy; but on the latter it 's only partly conterminoas with Austria, its enemy. Io the north a portion of the Swiss Ltd im the south the Ducby of Parma, supply the border line, leaving only acentral portion— perhaps half the entire Jength, to be formed by the territories of Austrian Lombardy. The line in question, as every’ is now aware, is constituted by the river Ticino and by the Logo Moggiore, through which that river flows, as the Rhone does ibrough the Lake of Geneva. On the French side the border is formed by the Alps, so that the seat of war may be regarded in & gereral aspect asm broad of territory between a chain of mountains and a river. The Vrevcb bad to cross the mountatos, the Austrians the stream, and the distance betqwcen them, ag we have said, was about 100 miles. ‘Tho features of Picd mont itse!f, however, deserve particu- Jar attention, a8 they are regulating the present distribution of the contending armies. Piedmont is traversed in ite breadth by the windings of the river Po, and the division ct oconvert-d D apegt ao toto uniform. the ni to tho Avetrians—all is a level plain up to the ‘Swiss Alps, whereas on the southern side ail is and the wholo 8 is filed with shoots or spure of the an Apennines away from Genoa. In this division of the dom lie the strong places of the tsandria, Casale and Tortona—and on its western edge stands Twrin iiself, the capital of the State. Within or around these fortreescs the jinians have collected the buik of their army, perhaps some 75,000 men, leaving the — of the north comparatively open to the incursions of tbe enemy. ro Before the actual commencement of hostilities the Ans- trians at Mitan_ stood just about from the rit the French at F LG i & i ; i ie 52 t i 4 it HAT r ‘Susa, where the French halt on or tance being about seventy miles in thirty-three in the latter. {ban cor) the road, for, whereas the Austrians bave traveree, ibe French oan only reach » the advantage of grou! Alps. 10 reali the tide of the Austrians, but thelr opetations ibod. Fe i i uf i 8& f inficenced by further considerations, ts they eecend upon Sasa and. post asl eecend upon an are directly confronting the Austrians on their ‘wards the same point trom Milan; and if thie there were no Sardinians except in the capital, of battle could be anticipated faciliay. or later—in fact, very coon velligerenty Aziy wi ke »