The New York Herald Newspaper, April 30, 1859, Page 6

a , Autborize reliable quotations, though they were not re 6 : NEW YORK HERALD. ae JAMES GORDOT HES*HBHRN, | EDITOR AND PROPEL } OFFION K. W. CORNED ERUS, con't otwance Money wont by vcd wil po wt (ha tisk of bie sender, Posiage Mamps mad received am ae eortpsio Th DAILY HERALD. hoo conte por copy, $1 py. or 8 er ange tie Be opecin Leaation ory Wekveokty | United Stat s judicial aud military authorities ou | wee te: the Continent Hath te aaciade pein? Ae: the other. ‘To this copious chapter of news we Pimps a a eee emanate om rofer ibe reader for his more particular Laforua- coli, or Sper on RANGED: Oy Welncadiog, ot foes covis Pe | tion npow the snbject matter involved; and after wtiont 7 er ne. ™ | thos charging himself with the facts, the law and ‘berally pata, ny “regen t are say he will be drawa to a Pant say Bequesien 10 Seat aut Latrens 4x2 PACK | AGES BEN: US. . - NO NOVICE taken of cnonyinous correepoutence. We do net Be ae a is allied Bar ISEMENTS ronewed wi Jean Baitions | WTEHG cxnuied with neataess, cheapreae and de- | in. | fourteenth sireet —Iratian Orgaa | AR¥HA—LUCKERIA BORG A. | ACADEMY OF MUSIO, ~ Matinee at one o’Olvc! BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—Gorusw—Poxco—Panpy rae FiPER. METROPOLITAN THEATRE Lorre Coapar—JeaLous Wire (late Burton’s).—Caar- WALLACK’S THEATRE, Broadway.—Don Cesan De Barax—Bos any Cox, LAURA KFENP'S THEATRE, No. 524 Broatway.—Afer. noon and Kveuing—Aictuamme Nigut’s Damaw. THEATRE FRANCAIS, 585 Broadway.—Les Peumizass APHEE DE BICHELIDU—FUANISRED APARTMENT. NEW YORK HERALD, SATURDAY, APRIL 30, 1859.—TRIPLE SHEET. The Nowatoom UtoheThe New Mormon Loi- | brogle—A Great Uproar, but No Signs of War We publish this moraiag a aass of interesting letters, documenta, State papers—-executive, ju- W FOLEOR AP MASSAU BTS, | ictal, civil, uncivil and military—fram Uteb, w excitement which has sprang al Terr ; the Mormons ou the ous hand, aud sae | concurrcuce in qar views and opinioas upon the | merits of the case. The Peace Commissioners sent out to Utah by Mr. Buckavan last summer established a treaty of peace with the Mormons upon the basis of a 9 | general amnesty, and with the understanding that they should be treated by the goverament | in the same liberal spirit as the inhabitants of any other Territory, with the comprehensive concession from them of obedience to the laws. Gov. Cumming has attempted to adiere to this | treaty; and if he has thus given satisfaction to the Mormons, he has also satisfied the President in the discharge of the delicate rospousibili- ties of his office. Judge Cradlebdogh, how- ever, haying oo faith in Mormon pro- mises or pledges, ia proceeding recently to hold a conrt at the town of Provg, called apon General Jobnstou for a detachment of tae BARNUM'S AMERICAN MUSEUM, Broniway.—Aner- Root aod hyeniug—Ove Iewa Cousin, | WOOD'S MINSTREL DING, S61 aud 545 Brontway— | Afternoon and ivening—srmortak BoNGs, DaNous, &0— | Bees or ris Kecuces | ANTOS! H tls, 957 Brand | Bes BRYANTS’ SINSTRELE MKC) way. oURAW Boast TRIPLE SHEET. | Wew York, Saturdny, April 30, 1859. | The News. Our correspondent at St. Thomas, writing on the ‘2d inst., es that the Danish war steamer Ham. dahl had arrived at that port from St. Dom | a few days previous, and sailed for C direct. Her commander, Com. Christm ay" ing suflicient force either to bombard or blockade the ports of San Domingo, concluded to postpone hostilities between Dominica and Denmark for a time. All the sick confined in the temporary buildings at Quarantine were on Thursday last, by orders of the Commissioners of Emigration, removed to Ward's Island. Henceforth, until other provision is made, all the sick arriving at this port will be rent direct te Ward’s Island for. treatment, instead of landing at Staten Island. It is said that huiks are to be procured and anchored at the Lower Quarantine for the reception of yellow fever pa- tients and those afflicted with other contagious iseases. The citizens of Staten Island contm- plate having a grand tovehlight parade and illuini- nation on the 9d of next month to ce 2 what regard as the virtual removal of the pest houses. The National Quarantine and Sanitary Conyen- tion, which is being held at the College of Physi ians and Surgeons on Fourth and after a very animated tion proposed by Dr. Stey adopted, “That personal qt yellow fever might be that fomities, or inf , of New ¥ was rantine of cases of The reports of t committ narantine and the r of cities were ac = mended to the Convention will probabi morning. Last evening the delegates to vention partook of a banquet at the Metrop Hotel upon invitation of the Common Council. Full reports of the procéedings of the Convention, and also of the ban are given in to-day’ paper. Margaret Burke, who was charge of causing the deathjof Mrs. Bec 1 and Mr. Fayette Robinson by poison some we! but who was subsequently discharged from c - dy, has been again arrested on the same charge on complaint of Coroner Schirwer, and committed to prison to await an exainination. The canal boat St. Croix, owned by the Ameri- can Transportation Company, arrived at from Buffulo at tw r She will probably Will be the first lo i boat from Buffalo opening of canal navigation. The body of Mr. Sumuel Yeager, a merchant of Easton, Pa., who mysteriously disappeared severat weeks ago, has been found in the Ohio river, near Pittsburg. A considerable sam of money was found upon the body, which cirenmstance favors the sup- position that his death was accidental. Tle body of Dr. Mason, a resident of Jersey City, who been missing since the middle of last month found erday in the North river, near one of the Jersey The cotton market was quict yesterday, sales having been confiaed to about 3¢0 bales—too emall in amount to arrested upon a ported at any durtber received from New 0 house in this city, re injurious letters were a's re Ccived by houses in the irade stating that the overtl the Miseissippi was greater hen it was last year, ay about cue-third more land was eubmerged. Such re, however, will fai! to produce any effect of mome.t « tho market, th present overrid h all other considera tient; aud it is bolleved that even the advent | of war itself would xot materially a present feoling ow the gubljec' active, the firmness of holders of good brandis che sales, while prices of such brands were better. {aferior qualities were vegiected sud unsbanged. Wheat wes firm, with limited sales at full prices. Corn was firm, witu fair ‘sales at prices given inanother column. Pork was he lower, but more active at the concestio clear mess and prime were sustained; while heaviest decline was in new mese, which sold at $16 25, and prime at $1275, Sugars were active, expecially tor | refining goods; the cales erubraced about 2,200 hhds | in Glading Cubs, Forto Rico and New Orleans, at rates given | im apother piace. Coflee was frmn, with sales of Moat 120. and of St. Domingo at private terms. Freight en gagements were m ates were heavy. Ovn Resations wit Jaraxe—In s columa will be found an article in r the Japanese mission, which is expected t ‘ about the middle of June. [é would appear tha be two Commissioners who are sent to exchang the ratificatious of the treaty are mon of zreat intelligence and of a superior order of acy ine meuts to the usual run of Japanese offi anticipate the happiest results from the vations of visiters thus qualified. They fail to take back with them opinions faroralte to the widest possible commercial intercours with the United State. As it is important that the reception of these Commissioners shall be such av to aratif feelings of Oriental pride. we have embodied the article to which we refer auch gencral efew In regard to the Japanese a¢ will give our & correct view of the character and projud that primitive people. They are taken work entitled “My Vast Craize,” by the recent publications that + re the en yject. ders {a pretiy fal | army to take care of certain prisoners to he tried. The troops were sent as required, to the extent ofa hundred meu; but subsequently some nine hundred more were marched to Provo under the orders of Ge Johaston. ns were naturally enough thrown state of indignation at this spec- tacle of a United States court surrounded by a large body of soldiers. The Saints also quick to discover that the Govy- is supposed, holds the army » had given no authority for this mil nat Provo. They algo se- cured. on a stalement of the facts, a connter-pro- ation from the Governor protesting against litary occupation of the town, under the into a bi subject to his ory between the Gover | were to epring up between the Euglish aud . Frenei governments the same language would ' be wsed. 1 Kogiand, it is plain, ls seeking to erect a spe- cies of ficancial despotism more arbitrary than that of aay of the existiag political systems, ' Ly whica she hopes to check and control the Continental Powers. She began it by her subsi- dies to foreign goveraments in the league against the first Napoleon, and she is now seeking to strengthen and perfect it. In the desperate clr- cumstszices in which Austria is placed by the inexorable calculations of this system, she has no alternative but to fight or make a shameful submission. The principle once admitted of Obedience to this new lever of diplomacy, there is an end to her independence of political action. | It is not to be supposed that a Power holding her position can contemplate tamely submitting to such a result. She has far less to loge by war, even should the worst fortune attend her arag, and we are satisfied that she will not heaiiatea moment as to the choice as soon as it is clear that the approaching Congress cannot effect an onorable compromise. If war be once resolved upon the money mar- kets of Europe will be strained to a poiat never previously known, To say nothing of the Iudian lonn now about being issucd, there will he de mands for loans by every continental Vower en- gaged in or likely to be drawn into the conflict. Never in the history of the world will there have been suck an absorption of its floating cppital into war materiel, stocks of provisions and other mili- tary necessaries, It does not necessarily follow from this that the governments which|have the best financial standing will display the vreatest power of endurance, France, under the first re- public, and by the aid of her assignats aloue, achieved miracles. Austria, under the pressure of despair, may show that she too has national energies which even bankruptcy cannot depress: The European Complications=What the Russo-French Aliiance Forebodes for Bus rope Every mrival from Europe brings usa clearer ving of the preparatory notes of war, and we may expect at any moment to learn that it has been actually declared between Austria aad demand of Judge Cradlebaugh and the command | garginia, That will be the beginning, ‘but what of General Johnston, And thus stands the case between the Governor on the one hand and the Judge on the other with the commanding officer on hand with his troops to sustain the Court against the Mormons. The Judge, with the army around the premises, proceeded to hold his court; but the Grand Jury, (sympathizing Mormons) refusing to do anything in behalf of the active prosecution of the trials contemplated, were, at the end of two weeks, in- dignantly discharged by the Judge. His address, indischarging them. is one of the most extraor- ial speeches which can be furnished ecords of any court in the civilized or semi-civ’ ted criminals. The following closing remarks of this amiable Jadge are particularly expressive. He says:—If it is expected that this Court is to be used by this community as a means of protecting it against the peccadilloe: world. Ie addresses this Mormon diplomatic Grand Jury as if they were themselves a puck | blaze will be the endiag no one can forsec. The almost certainty of this result has been amy | brought about by the grasping designs of Austria in Italy on one side, and by the movements of Louis Napoleon and Sardinia on the other, sided, no doubt, by a secret understanding between the Emperors of France and Russia. Seizing the moment when Austria feels most acutely the effects of her spend-all career, and finds her treasury on the eve of a collapse, Louis Napo- leon, by a few angry words as a New Year's salute to Baron Hubner, deprives her of the possibility of obtaining more money from the Jews. Following this up bya few tricks of legerdemain, he sels Italy in a frightens the Pope into placing his reliance upon Divine Providence in- stead of Austrian bayonets, and forces Francis Joseph into vast war expenditures at a moment when he has not the means of meet sof ing even his ordinary expenses. To fill these, the Geutiles and Indians, unless this community will | 4 ustrian Emperor is obliged to seize the metallic punish its own murderers, such expectation will athe savages in custody loose upon Thus, out of Lisewn mouth, daic over aueluus and too highly excited Judge is condemned. In bis vindictive and most undignified speech he has clearly shown himself unfitted for the position he occupies. We believe Governor Cumming to be an honest, faithful and discrect public officer: that his policy of ro- ducing the Mormons to law and order through kindness aid conciliation has been, as far as could have been expected, successful, and will continue to be more and more successful 80 long as he adheres to his instructions from the Presi- dent. Some change wiil certainly be necessary among the officials in that Territory, and accord- ing to our Washington despatch of last night, the President has now received full advices from the militacy, as well as the civil authorities, on which he can act in the matter, As Utah ia at present organized, the laws and the ends of justice in that Territory will doubt- less be, to a great extent, subject to Mormon jusies and Mormon interpretations of Mermon offences; but the President can ouly de € ings ashe fiads them. He cannot moke ic law for the Terri- ise of judicial or YY pos- elf, be cannot per- a the Territory, nstructions to this end bare beea disregarded, the offending parties must be held accountable. With the lessoa which the Mormons have received from Me. Ba chanan, they will not very soon try the experi- meut of rebellion. On contrary, with the continuance of that spirit of moderation which has marked the polic f Gov. © 2 DF also of G i e & 3 3 & tin the act ting » boundaries of Kansas westward so os to include all ta of Utah, and we think sm will very soon be The very act of incor- 5 would reduce Brigham er or 4 complete evacua- 4. And es Kansas bas the country so much not make Kansas pay for it by r the Morm to her sovereign juris. tory to know mdom there Te will d yes * to keep or maia- Russia in tolerably r declare orld by armaments, ehe shall raise no i Koglish capitelists. Sve bas pursued the sam in regard to Austria and Sardinia. The a3 accordingty been nnable to rails. 4 market, and has been com in the Bank reserve in the Bank of Austria, to leave his six it “if this Court cannot hundred thousand troops for months without pay: eof your duty, it cao | and to contemp'ate the desperate resort to 0 forced loan from his phlegmatic subjects, In this position of offwlir Austria bas no re source but to choose between a foreign war and adomestie revolution. Ifpeace could be re-estab- lished by o-Cangvesa. of tha five great Powers, Francis Joseph would have to return the bullion to the bank, pay his soldiers their arrears, and pro- vide for his current expenditure. If he could not o the last named of these before his vast war debts were incurred, he will not be able to do so after- wards, But if he brings on a foreign war, then he may do much that he cannot do in a time of peace. In the public excitement of a war he need not return the specie reserve’ to the bank, and the usual spiri: of patriotism will induce the wealthy subjects to loan more money to the outraged fatherland. Men will always do when they are angry, excited or violently patriotic, what they will not doin calmer moments. Be- sides that, with pleaty of fightiag and a fair chance of plunder for his soldiers, he need not trouble himself, nor will they trouble themselves, about their pay. But necessary as war is to Austria, she does not wish to be placed in the light of the aggressor. This would deprive her of the sympathies of the other Zuropean Powers during the contest. And yet this is just the po- sition that France desires to place her in, and with every appearance of success, for France can keep up the expensive show of war without war much longer Austria can, It is therefore desirable for the former to keep up as long as possible the present state of peaceful irritation and diplomatic humbug, so as to exhaust her adversary. An this brings us to another part that is pla;cd in this game of beggar my neighbor. The Anglo-French alliance that so recently helped Louis Napoleon to rule all Karope, in- cluding England hereell, isin abeyance; and the Rusto-French nee is now the trump card in European polit The firet was concocted at St. Cloud, and {we knew very soon what it was, through the braggadocio but neceseary explana- tions of Lord Clarendon to the British Parlia- meat. That exposure in some degree deprived the alliance of its foree, by exhibiting to third parties ils tendency and design, and en- abling them to adopt policies to counteract it, But the Russo-French aMiance was made at Stuttgard, between two absolute rulers who have no constitutions] parliaments to claim a know- ledge of their acts and reveal them to the world. Alexander and Napoleon at Stuttgard reviewed the several claims of Alexander and Napoleon at Tilsit, by the light of the experience of half a con- tury. This would enable them to revise and unite Ww before change and concession was refused. What their agreements are ean only be known When success or failure has revealed them; but some idea of their import can be drawn from the first words of Alcxander and the last ones of Na- poleon, at Tilsit. “I hate the English as much 4s you do,” gaid Alexander. “Constantinople!” exclaimed Napoleon; “Constantinople! Never! “Lis the empire of the world.” Russia etill owes to EKnglavd and Austria the defeats in the Cri- mova; Turkey is stil the k mon” of Russia’s ambitious dreams; but the possession of Con- stantinople no more confers the empiwe of the world The policy of Russia is ulvcady working out hee retribution upon Austria, ‘Phat polieys te gropbicaity di by Rusin's grontest histo- tien, Kora “The obj d* the charac r is gy polloy has tnivarisbly er ft be ot peace with overy out war. Always keeping ourselves on the defea- tive, placing no faith ia the friendship of thoze whose interests do not accord with our own, and to lose no opportunity of injuring them without ostensibly bresking our treaties with them.” This is the policy that guides the movements of both Emperors against Austria, and which insti- gated the new proposed Congress to settle the Itulian question. The scheme is o trap for Aus- tria, and she will uct go into it. She prefers war as the only refuge from the destiny foretold for her by her own Metternich, using the words of Louis XIV.—“After me. the deluge.” The deluge is appgoaching for Austria, and then perhaps we may see what the Russo Vrench alliance has in store for England and Turkey, unless, indeed, as is more probable, revolytion stops the mad career of the despots. “The Good Time Coming”—What Will Pre- vent a Kevalston? Everything around is indicative of prosperity, of immense operations in trade, and of ‘a good time coming.” Even the “treedom-shriekers” chime in with the general jubilation over present plenty and bright prospects before us. Having lost “bleeding Kansas” ag an issue, they ara laboring to find something in its stead, and they seize with avidity upon the prosperous condition of the country as a pretext for the revival of an old issue—long since dead and gone—a protec- tive tariff, to save us from another revulsion like that which followed the immense expansion of 1856 and 1857—the ebb of adversity, which, succeeding to the flowing tide of prosperity, left so many of our merchants high and dry upon the strand, But the idea of a tariff, high or low, causing or preventing revulsion, is preposterous in the extreme. Prosperity and revulsion, ex- pansion and contraction, move in cycles by laws ag fixed and certain as those by which the heavenly spheres move in their orbits; and in every country they return periodically, as day and night, heat and cold, winter and summer, spring aud fall, the neap and high tides, the growing and the full, the waning and the new moous. ‘Che evil Gay may be delayed, and it may be mitigated when it comes; but that is about all that human power and human legisla- tion can accomplish, That a high or low tariff has no effect on the riser fall of the business barometer—no influence on the fluctuations of trade—is evident from the fact that under the same tariffthe greatest inflation and the greatest collapse, the greatest expansion and the greatest depression, have taken place in recent years. A tariff, therefore, has nothing to do with these results. The recuperation of business is complete. The increase within the last few months is im- mense, The spring trade is in fall blast, and all goes merry as a marriage bell. But the expan- sion isnot yet at the unhealthy point. The im- ports, it is true, largely exceed the exports for the present—a condition which would undoubted- ly be ruinous if it were to continue. But it will not continue, and the equilibrium will soon be restored. The present excess of imports over exports is easily explained. From the time of the panic ia 1857, the majority of consumers were compelled to live economically—they either bought less goods than before, or ceased to buy at all, wearing out all their old clothes, till now they havescarcely a shred left. Everybody wants new clothes. With the return of business, there- fore, not only is the former demand for dry goods equalled, but exceeded—the wants are really greater now than before. Then, the mannfactar- ere and wholesale houses kaow this very well, and in their excessive competition they flood the market beyond the demand. Goods are sent hero on opcoulation by Euglsh houses which were never ordered, aud these are included in the imporis, and contribute to swell up the ag- gregate. Yet the amount is by no means what it was in 1857—then it was $360,000,000. For 1859 it isestimated at about $280,000,000. Next year the demand will probably be diminished, large quantities of the goods on hand will remain ua- sold, and importation will be checked. Thus the excess will work its own cure without any eensi- ble revulsion. But we are reminded that the city bauks are now expanded in an extraordinary degree. That is quite true. Their expansion is greater appa- rently than immediately before the panic ia 1857. But it is only in appearance. The expansion of New York banks at this period in 1857 was $113,391,910, and in August it ran up to $122,000,000. Their loans at present amount to nearly $130,000,000, But the money lent by the banks to our government for temporary pur- poses, amounting to from eighteen to twenty millions of dollars, to supply the deficiency in the revenues, which fell off ia consequence of the depression in business, must be taken into the account. If this be deducted, then the expan- sion is reduced to the normal condition, aud the banks are in as healthy a state as can be expect- ed in a country where the credit system so large- ly prevails. The government security is as good to the banks as gold. The increase of busi- ees is filling the Treasury, and Mr. Buchavan will pethaps leave it as full ae he found it. ‘The Treasury notes will therefore be redeemed as the imports increase, and the money lent to the government will thus be thrown back into the vaults of the banks, And here is the danger. Already they know not what to do with the speci¢ they have. Last week, as eppcars from our report in Tuesday's paper, the increase in the specie of our city banks amounted to $590,000, and the deposits iacreased by $875,000,while their loans only increased $776,000. The exchanges at the Clearing House were the largest since August, 1857, amounting to nearly $29,000,000. The balances were nearly a million and a half. ‘This shows great activity, but yet a sound con- dition of the banks, If they are doing a good business they have the best security for their loans. The samo healthy condition is observa- ble in the three other principal commercial cities of the Union. The following table exhibits the movements of all four as derived from their last statements:— n Lorna. pecie. Cire a. Deposits, N. York, April 23 $129,192, an 8,BBH 1 Bieies faa a eas eee Un 21,183,7! Syst 1877.6 24917 948 ORS SRS SLE Ns LSS $1,925 825 Tnerense. ‘ree 610,662 1,000,558 It will be observed that in the case of the New Oxleans and New York banks the epecie actually exceeds the circulation—largely so bere—-which is a very unusual pbhoaomenon in banks. Look at the contrast in potat of spe- cle in the case of the New York banks in 1857 and now; while their loans and discounts ran up to $122,000,000, their specie was reduced to $9,000,000. Now itis $26,000,000-—-nearly three times as great. Now, too, their loons, instead of being given oa the scourity of kites and Tong paper, are largely secured by etccks aud on call, whi to money at any moment; the monoy lent end the ond discounts, which in January, 1855, were value of the securitics being very wite, there is uo danger of toss, alihough the business is not | considered legitimate by the mercantile com- munity. Thus the present expansion is dif- ferent from that of 1897, which led to the excessive importations and speculations of that period. Then, when wo compare the con- dition of the whole 1,400 banks in the country in 1857 with their present condition, there fs any- thing bat ground for alarm. From the Secretary of the Treasury’s report we find that their loans $576,144,758, van up ia January, 1857, to $684,- 456,687, end probably in August to $750,000,- 000. Then the sudden contraction took place, which brought them down in Jaauary, 1858, to $583,105,242; while, on the other hand, their specie, which was reduccd in January, 1857, to $58,349,838, and probably in August of that year to $40,000,000, rose in January, 1858, to $74,412,882, We have not yet received the re- turns for this year, but there is uo doubt the present amount exceeds that figure, perhaps banks of only four cities—New York, Philadel- phia, Boston and New Orleans, $55,159,893-— was nearly equal to the specie in all the banks of the Union in January, 1857, and more than they contained two years ago. As to our city banks, the danger is yet to come. When the Treasury notes are repaid, and when importations increase still farther, as they will do, then the banks, not knowing what to do with their specie and deposits, will be likely to lend recklessly, and to sead their cash a begging for the acceptance not only of merchants, import- ing to excess aud overdoing their legitimate trade, but to railroad and other speculators, who will be sure to break down and cause another tremendous crash such as Shook the country in 1857, At that time they leut their money freely to the most rotten public and private concerns, such as the Olio Life and Teust Lasurance Com pany, nod merchants who traded far beyond the amount of their capital, The consequence was the commercial earthquake, whose shock will uot be forgotten for yoars to come, aad whose effects are still felt by thousands. Now, what is wanted to check this headlong career of the banks, and to operate as a drag chain on their glowiag wheels, is not a tariff, which would have as much effect as a pitchfork would have in arresting the flowing tide; not ibis, but a bankrupt law of Congress, which, the moment any of the banks scattered over the country suspend specie payments, will put them down beyond recovery. These institutions can buy up State Legislatures to pass acts of ia- demnity, and they can wheedle complaisant judges to connive at their violation of State laws; but a law of Congress, universal in its -operation, cannot be thus evaded, and will act os a complete check ou the fifteen huadrod banks of the Unton, and, through them, on ihe whole commercial and speculating community who de- pend on them for accommodation. Banks greatly facilitate the operations of comwerce, but they require to be held with a tight rein. From 824 in the year 1860, they increased to 1,422 in 1868, and now they probably excced 1,500. This is the time to take precaution, when there is no revulsion, and uo apprehension of its speedy approach. Whea the evil is done the remedy will be too late—prevention is better than cure. At the opening of the next session of Congress, therefore, we hope to see a wholesome benkrupt law proposed andadopted, which wiil have the most beneticlal eteet in restraining wild speculation and controlling even the legiti- mate operations of commerce within proper bounds, This is what is demanded by the exi- gencies of the country, and not a protective tariff, to make a few manufacturers rich at the expense of the whole community. Tux Gop Mixes or Norra Carotina—Tae Resovrces or tHe Sovra.—In another page we publish notes of a spring trip to some of the Southern States. Among other points of in- terest will be found some account of the gold mines of Charlotte, in North Carolina, from which it appears that the gold region of that district is superior to that of Pike’s Peak, and equal to any of the diggings in California. It produced last year more than half a million of dollars, and, with well directed energy, it might be made to produce from ten to twenty millions of dollars. The same energy and enterprise are only want- ing to develope other great resources of the South. There is water power enough there to tarn the machinery of the world; and yet it flows idly away without being applied to any considerable extent to manufactures, some of the raw materials of which are produced in the same or in the adjoining States, and are exported to Europe, whence they come back manufactured, when they might as. well be done on the spot where they grew. But the day will soon come when these great resources will be brought out hy Northern nergy and Northern capital, and Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama and the interior portions of North Carolina and South Carolina will be peopled, and cultivated, and de- veloped by the labor of the white man, aed slave labor will be confined to the rice aud sugar plan- tatious—regions similar in their climate and character to thoge of the black man’s native home inAfrica. It is only a question of time, The high and rolling regions of these States which we have enumerated are the most delightful and healthy in the world—superior to France, Ger- many or Italy, to which so many repair for ploa sure or health. They teom with the choicest pro- ductions of nature, and the Northerd® hordes of the Anglo-Saxon race will-be sure to overspread them with the same instinct which prompts swarms of bees to seck those flowery regions which, flowing with honey, will reward their labor and skill. This consummation will be hastened by the new railroads which are opening in every direction through the most picturesque regions of the South, and the cousequent great inerease of spring travelling from the North for health and pleasure during the months of March ad April, when Northern weather ia so fickle and disagreeable. Tae Sanvrany Convention—Pascrioat Vr- sus Srecenartve Resvrrs.—We seo that the members of the Sanitary Convention were en- tertained last cvening by the Coramon Council at the Metropolitan Hotel, The dianer was no doubt an excellent one, but we think it will have very little effect on the sanitary con- dition of our city. We have not much faith in the regults achievell by scientific gatheriag: in general, and we have still fess in those of the medical faculty, Doctors’ disagreements have passed into a proverb, and we dq uot think that sanitery eolence fs likely to dertve much boneftt from the concentration of the discordant ele- ments wpich make up tha nggrognte of the pro- feerton. It 19 our notion that independent re- scaroh ls much more afgantagecus to he cluot dation of diMgult eeientide provlems thay a windy controversy ons public platform, Thers are, besides, #0 wany periodical publications de. voted to the discussion of questions of this kind: that there seems to be no necessity for resorting to such means of finding an audicuce. But why appropriate the public money, when our streets are 60 dirty, towards feeding this Sanitary Cou- venation! We art of the opinion thut if the two or three thousand “dollars thus spent, were ex- pended on our streets, it would be attended with sanitary results far more cflicacious than we cam hope to obtain through the post-prandial labors _ of the conveation. ‘Troubles of the Tract ‘. ‘The American Tract Society ia an institution established for the salvation of the souls of all sorts of people, from the Maine lumberman to the Georgia cracker; the Cape Cod fisherman to the Graas Valley miner. The business is am ex- tensive one, running from two to three millions a year, which is expended in printing aad dis- tributing pious tracts, which we fear are tow . $10,000,000, Thus, then, the specie aow in the " often used on the borders for rifle wada rather than perused by the camp fires of the pioneer. Part of this money is raised from the sale of pious books; therest is levied upon Wall street and the Sabbath schools, and is paid up without a groan. The managers of the society kave con- siderable patronage in their hands in the shape of appointments of colporteurs or distributors of tracts—a kiad of religious Custom House oificers, who receive pay and mileage, after the manace of members of Congress. it was anice sort of family arrangement for the Tract Society lead- crs, until about two years ago somebody got into the peaceful fold with a little aigcor under his arm, The little nigger has been kicked out several times; speeches of interminable leagih and scriptural citations innumerable have been hurled at his shias; but it is all of no avail: back comes the little nigger as inevilable as Mousiour Tonson in the farce. The little nigger has turned up agaia ia a quarrel about the manner in which the society’s money is expended, and particularly as to the question of colportage—two thirds of which duty is done in the South and Southwest. After the little nigger was finally put outin the cold last year, and it was firmly resolved that the feel- ings of the Southern brethren on the slavery question should be respected in the Soctety’s publications, the colportage row commenced as acollateral issue. It was held on the oue aide that the system of colportags was absurd and extravagant, and that the business of salvation ought to be carried on as it is by the London se- city, “on sound commercial principies,” asd that the whols thing was a humbug and ought to be smashed. To this atiack came a reply feom the other side, and the controversy was carried. on in thit gentle, meek, Christian, forbearing, courtcous maoucr for which the religious press isso highly distinguished. Vinaily, as the time wore on towards the auniversary, when the Wall street brethren would be called on for funds, it became necessary that something should be done. Consequently the names of a number of leading men, merchants of the higheet standing, were obtained and appended to a letter to the Kev. Russell S. Cook, who has been connected with * the London Tract Society. Mr. Cock has writ- ten a lengthy statement in reply, and he states that he believes in colportage aa practised here, and that there can be no fair comparison between the way in whioh the business of ealvation of souls is carrhd on ubroad and at home. He omits to say why such & comparison canvot be made, but the inference is that the American sinner isa tougher cus- © tomer than his English cousiugwho generally pays for his tract, while the Yankee will nol read it gratis unless persuaded io do co hy “ trained men.” Aguin, Mr. Cook argues that the ques- tion of cconomy cannot properly be entertained ins matter of this kind. Whatever (he says) is necessary, wise and christian, must be economi- cal—a general proposition, the truth of whiok no one will deny; but logically, Mr. Cook must prove that colportage is necessary, wise and Christian, which the other side does deny. Mr. Cook justifics the system on missionary grounds, and winds up by saying that Christian benevo- lence, like commerce, has its rights, which should not be invaded, and that the cclporteurs uced not be afraid that either the blessing of heavea or the cash of Wail street will be denied to them. This isa very curious quarrel. Commeaciag with the slavery question, it has narrowed down into a equabble for the spoils almost as bitter and as vulgar as a caucus at Tammany Hall, a Weed juuta meeting at the Astor House, or a convocation of the Washington and Albany lob bies. If the Tract Society muuagers can secure the colporteurs’ influence, then they cax retain office and defy the ouis, Om the other hand, if the colportage systeus should be broken down, aud the outs come in, there will be a separation of the society, a3 there was of the Methodist Book Concern, ucder the auspices of which the Southern soul is saved on altogether different principles from those which obtain ia the North. That is one result which ia probable. The immediate consequence of the letter to Mr. Cook, and his reply, is to stir up dis- sension to a higher pitch than before, to ahase Christianity down to « Wall street level, avd ta return to the temp! (bievesand money changers, whom our Savi cast out The, gontlamen who signed the letter no doubt did so with-the best intentions ia the world, and were entzepped by the parsons as Jarge trowt to tempt smaller ones jnto the net—-the pence from tho sale of alt to gointo the pockets of those who Keep the Christian preserve as a park for young deer of the family to roam in. When the. question of cask comes to be considered % is a toss up be- tween the parsons and politicians. That's all. Tas Gow Frenos or tue aertoty—Lfa on- other columa will be found a beich of interesting communications in reference to the gold discove- ties which are now directivg the tide of emi- gration westward. Our letters from Ike's Peak and Cherry Creek all bear testimony to te | vast movement which is sotting fa towands that region. This spring will probably witness an influx of population into it from aR parts of the Union which has had. uo parallel even in igo emigration induced by the Califceninn disgove- ries. That there is a great deat of exaggeration in the letters written from the Western cities there can be no doubt, The speculators who hope to make moncy on the rush of gold seekers have a sufficient interest in magnifying the re- | sults to render that conclusion probable. Still | a8 will be seen by our correspord“nee, thoy are | sufficiently remunorative to jur itty the desire of the unemployed and ambitions to seck now fields _ of Inbor and cnterprise. Ze Minnesota peopte, desirous of profiting by the mantis which Is dis- placing such larga massos of our population, are, We ACG, Cadeavoring to direst attention