The New York Herald Newspaper, April 13, 1859, Page 6

a 6 NEW YORK SERALD, | \ JAGKE GORDO SHAHRED, SDTTOR AND PRUPSTEDOR | PYFICH BM. W. CORA OF FULION 490 HaAAO BPA PRES, cash tn cdwamce oni ty mall ww io ab Oe wivdtecunda. Penne Pe ora Pe Wey dpa "TAR DAsbT BAKALD, woe conte per copy 6 yor vnratme THB WESKLY HERALU. wery Soerdey, at'eas [per amma: the Baropetn. Bilton sorry fete asccme nd Sik inns pewage dein mt Sod Bm OF wach months a he ents ort ete PME VAMILY HED ALD, oot Wedrswiany, ut foun vwnte ve 20, OF $2 por annum apy, oF SS ex comnts a Bo Volume XXIV AMUSEMKNTS THIS BVRNING ACADEMY OF MUSIO, Fourteonth street.--Trsitax Oana Is Trovatone. BOWERY THEATKE, Bowery —Prearss or THe Missis- pirri— Bap Grome—Beian HoKoiuMEs METROPOLITAN THEAT&E® (Late Wurton’s)—Musat- uiancs~ Bersy Baten. WALLACK'S THEATRE, Broedway.—Karz Dar—Tun Bevirw. | LAUSA KEENE’S THKATGE, Mo, $24 Broadway.—Ovn Axssicax Cousin—Jamey Lure | | BARNUM'S AMKBICAN MUSBUN, Brosdway.—Afer. nove and Svening—Ove Irwe Oovsia. WOOD'S KINATREL BUILDING, 36) aad 643 Broadway ‘Brucrun Sones, Dances, d0.— iavvn Loves, 481 droad- rena. BRYANTS MINSTRELS, MROR A W10® Hal way.—NnoRo Bones, d0.—Buniasgoe ltstian TRIPLE SHI SHEET. New York, Wednesday, April 13, 1850, Whe New York Heraid—Kaition for Europe. ‘The Cunard mail steamship Persia, Capt. Judking, will Jeave this port to-day for Liverpool. Tho European mails wil! close in this city at half-past eleven o'clock this morning. | The European edition of the Henatp will bo published at ‘ten o’clock in the morning. Single copies, im wrappers, six cents. Subscriptions and advertisements for any edition of the Naw Yore Heestp wili be received at the following piaces | ‘m Europe — Lowpos.,..Bampson Low, Son & 0 , 47 Ludgate Hil Laosing, Starr & Co,, 74 King William street. Pann, -Lavaing, Baldwin & Co., @ place de Is Bourse, a Lansing, Stare & Co., No, 9 Chapel atreet, R. Stuart, 1¢ Exchange street, Rast. , Lansing, Baldwin & Go., 31 Rue Corneille, Gamecxe .. De Chapesuronge & Co. Toe contents of the European edition of the HERALD Will Sombine the news received by mali and telegraph at the office during the previous week and up to bour the of publication. The steamship City of Baltimore, which left Liver- pool early in the forenoon on the 30th of March, reached this port yesterday morning, bringing four days later news from Europe. ‘Tho London money market was more firm on the 29th ultimo, and consols closed at 959 a 95 for money and 96} for account. The commercial demand for money was moderate. India wanted a loan of $25,000,000; Russia one of $60,000,000, and Sardinia would take any amount she could obtain. Cotton ‘was not quite so firm in Liverpool on the 29th of March, but remained without change of price. Twenty-cight thousand bales were sold in three days. Flour was neglected, although it was more easy to buy. It was said that the Peace Congress would meet in the last part of April in the town of Baden. Geneva and Man- heim were also mentioned. England, France, Russia, Austria and Prussia had already named their representatives. Sardinia and the smaller States of Italy would, it was said, be admitted to a seat, but not to the right of voting. It appears that when Lord Cowley was in Vienna Napoleon opened a communication with the Czar on the subject of the Italian crisis, and hence Russia took the initia- tive in making the direct proposals of a peace ne gotiation—a fact which has tended to wound the dignity of England and promote the idea that Rus- sia would support France in case of hostilities. Lord Malmesbury explains the course of England in the speech which we publish to-day. Great doubts were still entertained as to the eflicacy of the Conference and the sincerity of the Powers most interested, and hence Austria and France continued their armaments. The debate on the English Reform bill was still progressing in the Commons, where the opposition were sharply endeavoring to oust the Derby cabi- net by an adverse vote. The Marquis of Waterford, so well known at home and abroad, was accidentally killed on the 29th of March, when hunting. An interesting sketch of him will be found elsewhere. Over a million of guns, including cannons and small arms, had been returned to the English by the vanquished Sepoys. Lord Elgin was about to explore the Pearl river in China. The Viceroy of Egypt had refused permission to M. Lesseps to commence the Suez canal. The screw steamship Lebanon, from Liverpool on the 20th ultimo, arrived here yesterday after- noon. Further advices by the Tennessee give the num- ber of the Liberal forces surrounding the city of Mexico as 15,000 men, and that they had cut off the supplies of water and provisions from the capital. The city was garrisoned by 6,000 men. The Juarez or Liberal forces were in pursuit of Miramon, who had sent @ reinforcement of 1,500 men from Orizaba to the aid of the capital. Mr. McLane’s recognition of the Juarez government was celebrated by great rejoicings at Vera Cruz. Lord Lyons, the new British Minister to this country, was formally presented to the President yesterday, and gave utterance in behalf of his go- vernment to the most profound feelings of friend- ship for the United States. The sentiments were warmly reciprocated on the part of this country by the President, The trial of Mr. Sickles was resumed yesterday | Morning at the usual hour, and several important | witnesses for the defence examined—among them Robert J. Walker, whose evidence as to the state of mind in which he found Mr. Sickles on the day the deed was committed, seems to have | made a deep impression on all present—Mr. Sickles himself becoming so much aflected at the relation, that his friends deemed it prudent | to have him removed from the court room for a few minutes, so that he might recover his composure. | The jury also were much affected. Among the pa- | pers offered in evidence was the confession of Mrs. | Bickles. A debate arose as to its admissibility which had not terminated at the adjournment of | the court. The confession is given in our report of the proceedings elsewhere. A concurrent resolution to adjourn the Legisla ture on Thursday evening at 10 o'clock passed the Benate yesterday. The bill to submit the proposition to the people to borrow $2,500,000, to pay the floating canal debt, was passed by the Assembly yesterday afternoon. The Senate parsed a resolution yesterday, en- treating the Governor to commute the sentence of Mary Hartung, the prisoner. A similar resolution failed in the House, from want of a two-thirds ma- jority to make it a special order. The Board of Ten Governors held their weekly meeting yesterday in the Rotunda. A comma- nication was received from the Warden of the city prison, mentioning the escape of six boys fom the prison by picking the lock of their cell, NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 13, 1859.—TRIFLE SHEET. and recogunending the Board to render the bi le the prison more secure, so as to pre the recurrence of asimHar vacation, The m was referred. A communication from the M read, men’ ing that the Vigilant Fire © of Baltimore, had sent a banner to the boys ars on Randall's Island aa a present. A committee was | B seg vg ssaaken ae | most in the work of pacification, There is & appointed to forward a suitable reply to the Vigi- lants for their kindgess to the bo ne banner is istiy and a pretty one. The Medical Board of ue Hospital sent in a communication, and re- ons whieh they had passed, asking the Board to appoint a mmiitee of conference to confer with a committee Whom they have appoint- ed to agree upon the nomination of suitable per- sons to fill the vacancies that have occurred among the resident and visiting surgeons. This communi- cation was in reply to the resolution passed in rete. rence to this matter at the last meeting. The Board then adopted a resolution directing the Me- dical Board to send in at their next meeting the names of all parties who have been mentioned to them to fill the vacancies, after which they adjourn- ed. The number in the various institutions at the last return was 7,509—a decrease of 121 on the pre- vious week. The number admitted during tho week was 1,568, and the number who died, were sent to the penitentiary or discharged, 1,689; of these 1,516 were discharged. The great match at billiards between Phelan and Seereiter at Detroit, for a stake of $10,000, came off at Detroit lust evening. At 1:30 A.M., the date of the last despatch from Detroit, the score stood—Phelan 1,282, Seereiter 1,255. This match had created much excitement among bil liard players all over the country, and in this city particularly large sums of money were wagered on the combatants. The game is 3,000 points. The match between Kavanagh and Foley, for a stake of $500, at the same piace, on Monday, resulted in fuvor of the former, who made one run of a bundred and seventy-seven points, Michael Flynn was tried yesterday in the Court of Oyer and Terminer for the murder of Freeman Cutting, in Roosevelt street, in December last, and, under mitigating circumstances, found guilty of manslaughter in the first degree, with a strong re- commendation for the lowest punishment the Court could inflict. The libel suit of Mr. Edwin Forrest against Mr. N- P. Willis was submitted to the jury yesterday at half-past four o'clock. They were directed to bring in a sealed verdict, Atnine o'clock the jury had not agreed. The new United States steam sloop Iriquois was successfully launched at the Brooklyn Navy Yard yesterday afternoon. After some necessary altera- tions are made in the Niagara, the Iriquois will be put into the dry dock, and be coppered and pre- pared for sea as speedily as possible. At the Trenton, N. J., municipal election, held yesterday, Franklin 8. Mills, democrat, was re-elect ed Mayor of that city by a large majority. Nine out of twelve of the city officers were elected by the democrats. The Council is a tie. The sales of cotton yesterday embraced about 4,000 bales, about 2,500 of which were made from store, and about 1,500 of which wore in transitu. Parcels from store were in rather better request. The market closed witbout quotable change in prices, Flour was easier for common and low grades of State and Western brauds, while good to choice grades were unchanged. Wheat was in some better inquiry, while sales were moderate and prices unaltered, Corn was lower and inactive: good to fair Southern yellow sold at 843. a 873g¢, and Western mixed was nominal at 85c. a 85}gc. Pork closed with steadiness, with sales of new mess at $17 50a $17 623¢, and of old do. at $17 27%, and prime at $12 50 a $12 6234. Sugars were steady, with gales of 7000 800 bhds, at rates given in another column. Coffee was active, and the sales cmbraced two cargocs of Rio, amounting toge- ther to 9,500 bags, 436 bags Maracaibo, 4,000 do. La. guayra, and 1,200 do. St. Domingo, on terms given in another place. A cargo of St. Domingo arrived yester- day, which was sold previously. There was rather more doing in freights for English ports, while rates were quite steady. There bavo boen within the past six weeks increased shipments of naval stores, attributed in somo degree te the war movements in Europe, The exports during the month of March embraced 16,526 bbls. crudo turpentine, 16,256 do. rosin, 2,050 do. spirits turpentine, and 1,822 do. tar, which was a heavy increase over tho xports of the previous months of the present year. The News by the City of Baltimore—The Congress at Baden. ‘The City of Baltimore brings a confirmation of the announcement that a Congress had been agreed upon between the five Powers. Baden is the locality destined to the historical honors usu- ally associated with such meetings. The follow- ing are the plenipotentiaties named as being likely to compose the Congress:—Lord Malmes- bury, representing England; Count Walewski, France; Count Gortschakoff, Russia; Count Buol, Austria, and Baron Schleinita, Prussia The representatives of the Italian States are to be allowed to assist and speak, but are not to have the privilege of voting, at the Congress. They will in this respect occupy a position ana- lagous to that of the delegates from our own Ter- ritories, but without having a chance of exercis- ing the influence over the fate of the questions discussed which the latter sometimes do. Sar- dinia is of course dissatisfied with this arrange- ment, and holds out a sort of indirect threat that, unless she is permitted to vote, Italy will be abandoned to revolutionary attempts. This we take to be the sense of Count Cavour’s note; for we cannot suppose that in admitting the Italian States toa yoice without the right of voting in the Congress, it is contemplated to exclude Sardinia from this limited privilege. The realization of the hope that a Congress would be consented to by Anstria does not seem to have allayed the apprehensions that have been excited by her immense military prepara- tions. As will be seen from the Vienna corres- | pondence of the London 7imes, there has been no cessation of her armaments, and there is no stronger confidence on the part of either govern- ment or people in the probabilities of peace as a consequence of that fact. It is to be inferred from this that the discussions of the Congress will have but little effect on the conclusions already arrived at by the Vienna Cabinet. Austria is prepared to yield certain points— the evacuation of the Legatious, and perhaps even that of the Duchies, provided she is guaran- teed against Sardinian designs on her Lombardo- | Venetian provinces; but further than this she will not go. As France is not likely to give her consent to any compact which binds either her own hands or those of Sardinia in regard to | future eventualities in Italy, it seems to us that the chonces of a diplomatic arrangement arising out of the proposed Conference are small in- | deed. In the ministerial explanations made in the House of Lords in reference to Lord Cowley’s mission, some facts were stated which place the motives and feelings by which the leading Earo- pean governments are actuated in their relations with each other in a curious light. It appears that after the English Minister started for Vien- na as the joint agent of England and France, or at all events with the full consent and approba- tion of the latter, Louis Napoleon opened com- munications with the Caar, and authorized the latter to recommend, with bis sanction, to the five great Powers, a congress to consider and settle the questions at issue. As soon as the British government understood through Baron Brunow that such was the intention of Russia, it instant- ly telegraphed to St. Potorsburg ite willingness, if such offer were made, to accept it upon certala conditions, thus anticipating the proposal subse- quently forwarded to Vienna» Thus we sce the two governments of Eagland and France jockey- ing each otber in their eagerness to earn what- ever advantage was to be gained by belug fore similarity between their conduct and that of Ur- quiza and Brazil in the Paraguay settlement, which does not redound much to their dignity and elevation of motives, It proves that what- ever may be their apparent concert and cordiali- ty of feeling, the European cabinets are in reali- ty swayed by as petty jealousies and as great 4 distrust of each other as are any of the South American governmenta, Tun Banxeurt Governments or Evropr.— Every few weeks we bear of some one or other of the European governments shinning for money among the Jews. There is, in fact, not oae of them that can mect its expenses during the pre- sent season of armed peace, with its current re- venue, and they therefore endeavor to negotiate their drafts on posterity. A little while ago Sar- dinia tried the money changers of London avd Paris, and, not succeeding with them, drew a few millions from ber own subjects on the strength of the war fever. Austria then came forward for thirty millions of dollars, but, finding uo takers at home or abroad, is now running on tick. Then came Russia, borrowing sixty millions, which she obtained throngh a new set of agents. England followed, asking for twenty-five millions of dollars, which it is now stated must be in- creased to sixty millions, to cover the deficit ia her Indian budget. The last customer that bas appeared on ’change is France, who, having got all that can be drawn from the Bank of France, is now hunting up some forty millions of dollars more to cover up deficiencies. The coolest part of the financial outgivings among the movey lenders is, that they do noi want to negotiate any loans just now, for if hostilities are prevented there will be several more borrowers in the market. That is to say, that theee spendthrift governments have run out their credit{in the money market, and that their only chance to get more is to stir up the war fever among their subjects. They know that if they can work men up to fighting point they can then induce them to pour out both their blood and their treasure. This shows how thoroughly rotten is the financial system of all those impositions called governments in Europe. How long will three hundred millions of civil- ized men consent to be pitied and provoked against each other, that they may be plundered by a few selfish family dynasties, and supply the gilding and tinsel of a crowd of imbecile coar- tiers? Common sense, who is making vast steam and electri: strides through the world, tells us that the whole fabric of the European political system is rotten, and is fast approaching its final ruin. Tue Removan or Quarantiny.—The bill for the removal of Quarantine, which passed the Assembly some time ago, was adopted in the Senate on Monday, and the receipt of that intel- ligence was the occasion of much rejoicing among the Staten Islanders. A feu de joie yester day announced to the inhabitants of Richmon? county that henceforth the nursing place of yes- tilence was not to be located at their dsors. This is all very well for the residents of Staten Island; but it becomes a serious quetion, in view of the general health of this city, yhat ar- rangements are to be made to protectas from the dangers of imported disease. Thk act pro- vides that no quarantine buildings shall be erected in Richmond county, in Kings @unty, or within a mile ef the latter, but it dog not pre- reribe any other location. Before may weeks the summer season will be- upon us—a period when contagious diseases may be & any mo- ment brought into our midst frow infected foreign ports. Already, early as the season is, one yeesel has arrived here after iaving lost three of her crew from yellow feveron the pas- sage. We are now at the mercy of such acci- denta, and unless the Legislature makes some provision for the purification of inficted cargoes, the prospect for the coming summer is something fearful to contemplate. Ina case of this nature half meagures are most disastrous, Either Quarantine should have been left on Staten Island, or some measure should have been adopted to keep sickly vessels pe- remptorily in the lower bay until they are puri- fied. PeyxsyLvanta Stare Convention oF Demo- cratic Bo.rers.—The State Convention (called by the bolters from the regular Democratic State Convention at Harrisburg in March last) will meet at Harrisburg to-day. The regular Con- vention of March endorsed the federal adminis- tration of Mr. Bnchanan, but positively re- fused to endorse the democratic Governor of the State, Mr. Packer. And wherefore? Because when Mr. Buchanan, as he was bound to do, took his potition in favor of the Lecompton State con- stitution for Kansas, Gov. Packer went off at a tangent with Messrs, Douglas, Walker, Stanton, Wise and Forney, in opposition to the President, and in support of that impracticable humbug, Territorial “popular sovercignty.” This ap- pears to be the issue upon which the democracy of Pennsylvania have at length been divided into two clashing factions; but unquestionably the disappointments of Tom, Dick and Harry in re- gard to their expected allowances of the spoils and plunder have had much more to do with this democratic split than “ Lecompton,” “ popular sovereignty,” “State rights,” or any other poli- tical abstraction, From all appearances this boltera’ Convention will disclose the existence of a protty extensive democratic faction in the old Keystone State on the same side of the fence, Tho eplit somewhat | resembles that of the New York democracy of 1848 upon the slavery question, and we pre- sume the result will be the same—the in- evitable loss of tho State to the party in the Presidential election; and perhaps another free soil Northern democratic ticket for the Presiden- cy in 1860, & a Van Buren. In this connection, we await the developements of the strength, objects and drift of this rckellions convention, the firet day's proceedings of which we expect to lay before our readers to-morrow. Revolution is the order of the day. —nsienentnoennnciniepeputihy Asoturr Siox or Retersina Commerctat Activity.—On Monday last the exchanges at the Bank Clearing House in this city were larger than they had been on any day since August 17, 1857, just before the crisis. This little fact shows the tendency of affairs, It is one of the many Indications around us which tell the tale of returning commercial prosperity. Accord- ing to present appearances the United States are destined this year to sce a period of commercial activity and general speculation guch a they pever knew before. Cor Binareio! ConditionmAn Oasis ta che Desert-A fensibie Document in our State Legislatures The most sensible docament which has made ile appearance this 6ersion ia our State Leutel- ture is the ovnority report of Mr. Richard Scvell in the Sevate, on the question of. borrowing aw- ney to pay the interest on the new caval debt, ft Tt is an omis in the arid wildecncss of waste | paper. , The majority of the comm'tes to whom was referred the special report of the Commissiouers of the Canal Fund, in relation to the inability of the State to pay the interest upon the new canal debt of $12,000,000, and other liabilities therein specified, report in favor of the policy of borrow- irg woney to pay the interest, and thus create cowpoun¢ interest, which would be contiauaily running up at @ ruinous rate; and that the $200,000temporarily borrowed last year, for ne- ceseary vork on the canals, and due next year, be postponed, like the repentance of Felix, to “a more coavenient season”—a season whih, it is probablt, would never arrive, Senate Schell makes a minority report, in which ly shows that this proposition is unconsti- tutional; that when the Sinking Fund futis it must Je replenished by taxation, ani not by borowing more money, and getting deeper and deeper into debt and bankruptoy. The constitution sets apart from the revenues of thecanals, after paying the expenses of col- lection, superintendence and ordinary repairs, the sun of $1,700,000 annually, to pay the inte- rest and redeem the principal of the old canal debt which existed on the 1st of June, 1846, and declares that “the principal and interest of said fundshall be eacredly applied to that purpose.” Anober section appropriates $350,000 annually unti the old canal debt is provided for under the forgoing section; and after that, $1,500,000 to pay the interest and redeem the principal of the Geieral Fund Debt. The third section, as amend- ed,under which the new canal debt was created, an( in which it is claimed by the majority of the conmittee that the power of borrowing exists, reids as fullows:— fec. 8. After paying the said expensos of collection, serintendence and repairs of the cana's, and the sums apropriated by the first and second sections of this arti- cli, there shali bo appropriated and set apart ineach flacal yor, out of the surplus revenues of the Canals, as a sink- im funa, a sum sufficient to pay the interest as it falls due, axd extinguish tho principal within eighteen years, of any lao made under this section; abd if the said sinking fuod elall not be sufficient to redeem any part of the principal ‘a the stipulated times of payment, or to pay aay part of ve intereet of such loans as stipulated, the means to sa- tty any such deficiency shall be procurod on thecredit of ‘he said sinking fund, The fifth section, relating to this subject, runs bus:— Sec. 5. If the Sinking Funds, or cither of them, provid- din this article, shall prove insufficient to enable the State on the credit of such fund, to re the moans 0 gatiefy the claims of the creditors of the State as they become payable, the Legislature shall, by equitable taxes, increase revenues of the said funds so as to make them, respectively, sufliciont perfectly to preserve the public faith, The tenth section provides that the State may, “to meet casual deficits or failures in revenues, or for expenses not provided for, contract debts, but such debts, direct and contingent, singly or in the aggregate, shall not at any time oxcecd one million of dollars.” The 11th section provides that in addition to this limited power to contrast debts the State may contract debts only to “repel tnoasion,” and the following section absolutely prohibits the contracting of any debt, by or on be- half of the State, except the debts specifled ia the two foregoing sections, unless the same are sub- mitted to the people in the manner therein pre- scribed. Mr. Schell very properly takes all these provi- sions together, and makes them harmonize, by proposing, in pursuance of section fifth, that a tax shall be raised to increase the revenues to enable | the Sinking Fund to meet the claims of creditors, and thus “perfectly preserve the public faith.” On the other hand, the majority of the commit- tee propose to borrow money for the purpose, but forget to show how it is ever to be paid. The net revenue of the canals last year was less than a million of dollars, The interest and prin- | cipal of the old canal debt and the gene- ral fund debt must be paid before the re- venues will reach the new debt at all. The principal of these two debts is nearly $20,000,000, which it will require twenty years to discharge by the yearly application of $1,000,000, to say nothing of the interest. The principal of the new debt all becomes due from 1872 to 1875. Under the loose and incon- sistent construction given to the constitution by the majority report, what would be our condition in 1875, when the last of the principal must be paid? By continuing to borrow, to pay up the ia- terest to that time, the debt of $12,000,000 would then amount to $30,000,000, the annual interest of which will be $2,000,000—more than double the present net revenues of the canals, By the terms of the constitution, the whole debt must be paid by that time, viz: in cighteen years. If the system of borrowing, instead of paying as we go, is allowed to prevail, the probability is, that, tak- ing into account the falling off in the revenues of the canals, owing to increasing competition, the whole debt will then amount to about $100,000,- 000. This is just the very thing the constitution was framed to guard against. The majority of the committee contend that because a million and a half of dollars ($1,500,- 000) was raised on the credit of the sinking fund last July by the Commissioners, to pay the in- terest, and also that their predecessors raised a loan for the same purpose on the same security, therefore the loan system ought to be extended still farther. So far from this being a good rea- son for continuing the abuse, it is an excellent argument for putting a stop to it, before it is too late, and before it becomes a bad precedent for fature imitation. It was illegal and unconstitu- tional then—it is equally so now; and its further progress ought to be arrested at once. One hundred millions of debt accumulated! What a legacy of ruin and baakruptcy and violated public faith would thus be entailed upon our posterity! No; let us pay our debts, now like honest men, when they are comparatively small, and not leave them to accumulate by compound interest, till they become like a millstone around the neck of the State, to drag it down to the depths of perdition. Secret Cereuration or Henry Cray’s Brrta- pay.—The birthday of Henry Clay was celebra- ted in this city last evening by a banquet at the Lafarge House; but, for some reason best known to the managers, the affair was a kind of dark lan- tern operation, no reporters being permitted to be present. There is, no doubt, some good cause for this; for in the same way the Whig Genera} Committee in this city, who are attempting to re- reorganize the party, conduct their business in secret. Their proceedings are carefully kept from the public. The letters they receive from leading whigs throughout the country are rarely if ever published. There must be something wrong, or this privacy would not be so closely observed. If the old line whigs are kicking ont of the traces, we ought to know it, af the whig pty bas Lecome even a8 sllurian deposit, it no { longer possesses any inverest for the public; it ts | uoihing more thao a specimen for the curious ute | vestigation of the old fogy geologists in politics | What is the olject of this hugger-mugying aud | secrecy? Can anybody tell? | Tue Frequency or Murp x sy Porson.—It | seems necessary to refer to this subject again, Tel- egrapbic despatches, a few days ago, announced the convistion of Dr, King for poisoning his wife, at Coburg, in Canada; and another conviction | also for wife murder at Hamilton, in Canada. [tis | only a short time siuce a young and beautiful | woman was banged for poisoning her husband at Quebec. Tho poisoning of a postmaster by his wife in Maseachusetts has not yet fuded from the | memory of our readers, The conviction of Ste- phen, for poixoning his wife, took place ouly a fortuigbt ago in New York, aud of Johasou very recently for a similar offence in Virginia And , these are only samples of many other cases. { In the same column which contained the intel- | ligence of the conviction of King and Mitchell, | we had a despatch from Albany touching the | case of Mrs, Hartung, from which it appeared that the Governor had utterly refused te pardon that poisoner or to commute her sentence, and added that he wil! not interfere in any case of poisoning where the guilt is clearly proved, and especially when the murderer is the busband or wife. This isa very proper determination, and we hope the | Governor will stick to it, notwithstanding the unconstitutional attempt of the Legislature to interfere with the pardoning power, which be- ; longs exclusively to the Governor, and to pass an ex post facto law, commuting the sentence. All ex post facto lawsare unconstitutional. If the Le. gislature has the power to commute a sentence, ithas the power to pardon, and by parity of reasoning it has the power to increase as well a3 to diminish the amount of punishment awarded by the law in any particular case. If the law which condemus the female sex to the same amount of punishment as the male be wrong, let it be repealed. But while it is the law, let it be carried out. In poisoning cases it is especially necessary to make some wholesome examples without distinction of sex. ‘The most extraordinary exertions have been made in behalf of Mrs. Hartung—her youth and beauty have been urged by some of the Albany | newspapers. The most notorious of the slow | poisoners of France, in the latter end of the se- venteenth century, possessed these claims in the highest degree. We refer to Madame de Brin- villiers, wife of a Marquis, a young woman connected both by birth and marriage with some Of the noblest families. Sho was steeped in wickedness from the time she entered her teens. Yet we are told she was “beautiful and accom- plished, and in the eye of the world seemed ex- emplary and kind.” She conceived a guilty ; paseion for a poisoner named Sainte Croix, who was introduced to her by her husband, and im- mediately conspired with him to carry off, by slow poison, her father and two brothers, that she might inherit their property. She ad- ministered the doses with her own hand, first trying them on dogs, rabbits and pigeons, then on patients in the hospitals, and finally on herself! After despatching her father and brothers, she tried her hand on her husband, in order that she might be married to Sainte Croix. But the lat- ter contrived secretly to administer antidotes, for he did not want to marry so bad a woman. She was caught at last, and after conviction confessed her crimes, and perished on the scaffold, where, according to Madame de Sevigne, she laughed ia the most heartlees and impenitent manner. Cases of poisoning in the United States have | become fo numerous, of late, as to carry back | our thoughts to this woman and to the “slow poi- soning” of two centuries ago in England, France and Italy. From the last named country it ex- tended to the other two, and at first it was called the “Italian” crime. It has been practised in all ages; but in the sixteenth century it gradually | increased, till in the seventeenth it spread over all Europe like a pestilence. In the time of Henry VUI. of England an act was passed ren- dering it high treason, and dooming those found guilty of itio be boiled to death. The case of Sir Thomas Overbury, who in 1613 was first committed to the Tower of London at the in- stance of the Earl of Rochester, and there dosed { for six months with slow poison, which, not working sufficiently fast, was at last followed up by 8 dose of corrosive sublimaté, which flaished the business, is one of the most remarkablé cases on record. The Countess of Essex, a lewd wo- man, who obtained a divorce from her husband in order to marry Rocheeter, was an accomplice, and the offence of Overbury was that he strong- ly remonstrated with his friend Rochester agaiast the marriage. In this crime were implicated Sir Jervis Elwes, the Lieutenant of the Tower; Wes- ton, the under keeper; the Earl of Northampton, uncle of Lady Essex, and the chief falconer, Sir | Thomas Monson, All these parties were con- victed, and some of them executed. But Essex and his Countess, after being imprisoned for five years, were liberated. This hada most disas- trous effect on society, and many followed the bad example. It was a just retribution on King James, who pardoned them, that he was after- wards poisoned himself. The moat celebrated of the Italian poisoners were La Spara and Topbania, who were both executed—the latter at seventy years of age, after confessing that she had been accessory to the poisoning of 600 persons. This hag’s poison was colorless and tasteless, and could not be de- tected. It was put up in phials and called after her name, Aqua Tophania, but she labelled it “Manna of St. Nicholas,” which was miracu- | lous oil, said to have issued from the tomb of the Saint at Berri, and able to cure all the ills that flesh is heir to. So general did poisoning bo- come that ladies kept bottles of this deadly drug on their dressing tables as thoy would lavender water. Numerous were the victims who were despatched in a week, a fortnight, a month, or evenina longer period, just as suited the in- clination and convenience of the poisoners, The “authorities were at last aroused, and after many executions, including some of the first women of Italy, France and. England, the poison plague wasatayed. Here, too, it will be necessary for the authorities to enact o stringent law and carry {t out with extreme rigor if they would arrest the progress of this horrible crime, against which no precaution can guard. Our Renations wrrn Cuta.—Eleewhere will be found a batch of correspondence from the Chinese ports, comprising not only a large amount of political news, but also local-sketches of great interest, and which convey a more grapbic picture of Chincse customs and habits than is usually to be gathered from such sources, It will be seen that Americans are, generally speaking, regarded with great favor by the Chi- nese, and that there is more good feeling existing among our countrymen and the British residents than the Pingtich ut toad piopto to euppese, Aga proofof this, it would appear from our Whampot tetters tat the calannivs publisbed by the Leudun Times Ayainst our Min. ister, Mr. Reed, bad exeited a very genoral senti- ment of indignation among the Ergtieh comm: nity there, , This is aa it sliould be, and we it as a proof that there exists among thy Briticy in China an indepeadent public epiaien whioa refuses to be guided by mere newepaper in- fluences, Tux Teun Sowr or Dirvomaey wrt Re Fractory Nations.—The promp settlement of the Paraguay diffeulty, with the arrival of the advanced guard of the fleet deapatehed te assist Mr. Conuuissioner Bowlin in his diplo- matic labors in that quarter, proves the superior efficacy of this sort of diplomacy over every other kind, in all euch cases. In this instance, the policy of the administration was seconded by Congress, as in the matter of the right of search, and in both cases the results have beem satisfactory, Hud Congress, in the same spirit, supported the President's reoommendations touching the affairs of Mexico and Central Ame- rica, we have no doubt that the wisdom of bis policy, as in regard to Paraguay, would have been confirmed ere this in Mexico and in Nica- regua, Even ag it is, without the co-operation of Congress, Mr, Buchanan will, probably, during the present year, bring our relations with Mexi- co and Central America into a definite and satia- factory shape. The game of our adversaries in those countries, instead of being already woo, bas come to a halt, asd our cool and sagacious President thus holds the winning cards io hig hands. Perhaps, in this connection, he may yet require an extra session of the new Congress to grant the very powers which the last denied; but from the present aspects of all this business, Mr. Buchanan will be competent, siogle-handed, to do the work required tiil next December, A cool aud self-possessed chief magistrate is a good eafeguard in these days of political com- fusion and revolution, Kerrma Jorms ToceTier—Tux Action oF Jupag Crawrorp.—We perceive from our re- port ofthe trial of Mr. Sickles at Washington, that Judge Crawford understands his duty as re- gards the keeping of a jury together iu a case of capital felony, and has bit the mean between the old barbarous custom of England and the too great laxity of our courts in New York, who generally permit jurors to goeach to bis own home. By the ancient usage of English law, juries were deprived of food, driak, fire end candle, the object being two-fold—first, to keep the head clear by leaving the stomach empty; and, secondly, by the pressure of bun- ger and general discomfort to coerce the jury to hasten its verdict. Many were the stratagems to which juries resorted to get food—such as lot- ting down from a window a picce of cord, ta which some kind friend on the Paton outside at- tached a paper of sandwiches, or something more substantial. Often men in delicate health be- came sick by protracted fasting and cold, owing, perbaps, to one obstinate juror, with whom the favorite expression was that he would eat his boots rather than submit, Within the last twenty years a chapge has taken place, and Knglish Judges, when the trial occupies more thaw ore day, allow the jury to go to some hotel in charge of sworn officers, though some old fogies will not consent even to that. This is sometimes done in New York—for ex- ample, in the case of Dr. Graham, of New Or-| leans, indicted for the murder of Col. Loring at} the St. Nicholas Hotel, five years ago, But the general course isto allow juries to separate aud go home, which has been pronounced by th higheet authorities to be illegal, and is presented by counsel as a ground of appeal in the case of Stephens, convicted of murdering his wife b; poicon. Judge Crawford, while indulging the jury in food and drink, and even recreation, does not permit them to sepsrate. Their verdict, on ibis account, will not be the less in accordance with sound judgment, but likely to be more in consonance with truth and justice, and every correct principle. Misconpuct or A MemBer or THE Learsta:| vtre—The Legislative chamber at Albany has} just been the theatre of one of those disgracefu' | scenes for which the halls of Congress have toc! often been notorious, A member of the As sembly from this city delivered himself on Moa day of such vile and scandalous language tha the Speaker was compelled to remove him by means of the Sergeant-at-Arms and his sesist ants, the offending member struggling violen’); } meanwhile, and disturbing the proceedings o a body which assumes to be a deliberative anc dignified one, This is not the proper way to deal with a cas like this. Instead of removing Mr. Rutherfor temporarily from the House, and accepting a apology for his conduct next day, as the Assew bly has done, the member who cannot conduc himself ina decent fashion should be expelle altogether. He ie not fit to occupy a placei the Legislature; and that body owes it to its ow dignity and self-respect, if it has any, to purif itself by the expulsion of the delinquent. Tb oficial acts of the Legislature, so fur, have n¢ entitled itto much respect; but as far asd corum and an outward show of respectability concerned, it should at least “assume a virt: if it has it not.” Tue Rocky Mounraty Go.p Discovertes.—T! latest reports from the newly discovered go! fields of Western Kansas and Nebraska, amor the Rocky Mountains, are of a very encouragir character. Having given our warnings of ca tion and prudence to all enthusiastic adventu ers booked for these “new diggings,” we are no dixposed to let the emigration go in without fu ther advice or admonition. An immense crusa will undoubtedly very soon cover all the plai from our present frontier white settlements the mines; and should this grand army of go. eekers find work enough and gold enough detain them profitably, at least one route of t Pacitic Railroad will be determined upon befo the next meeting of Congress, This will su gest to our readers the magnificent results whi will follow the: practical verification of the gol en accounts we are now daily receiving from t Rocky Mountains; and, in view of these gra results, we hope that these golden reports m be fully confirmed, though we fear they are t good to be true, Tux Viraisia Camratan.—-We publish to-d another batch of extracts from the letters of ¢ Virginia correspondent, touching the progr of the political campaign now raging in tl State between Letcher and Goggin—the « mocracy and the opposition, The election yet some six weeks off; but as the arguments both sides appear to be already exhausted, shall suspend the publication of the harrang of Goggin and Letcher, and leave thom to t