The New York Herald Newspaper, February 24, 1859, Page 4

4 EW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. OFFICE I. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS. mad will be « sh én advance. Money sent TERMS, exe! reance. “y 4 yi risk of the wensier. Postitme slanpa wot THE DAILY HERALD, to cents Beronpy. 8 per @ nen THE WEEKLY HERALD, every Saturday, at six -t per wopy, or $8 per annum: the Bure Edition every Web a rz centa per copy, $4 per annum to any part af Great rit or 8 toany Pid Of the Comtinent, both to inehucle post 7° Oakifornia Edition the Sth and 3th ef cach month, ag «ix cents copy or per annnim. Poni! FAMILY HERALD, eve Wednesday, af four cents per oF $2 per annum : oLun tay CORRESPONDENCE. cmtsining ¢ neice, solicited any quarter of the world: if use eherally paid Bae COR Fouriay ComnesronDa -1s 4k PARTICULARLY REQUESTED TO BEAL ALL LETTERS AN) 00> AGea SENT US ‘NO NOTICE taken of «anonymous correspondence return rejected communsoati JOB PRINTING tzecite epatch, to t with new:vse, “/eapness and de wee Noe 54 AMUSEMENTS THIS RVENING. BROADWAY THEATRE. Sroadway —SaTan tN PaRts— Younc Scamr— Wrox MuKoen, NIBLO'S GARDEN, Broxdway.—Cincus PeRrORMANcRs— Trarnen Horsxs, MULES, 40. BOWERY THKATRE, Bowery.—Caxrentex or Rowex— Learirte—WANDenIN@ MINSTREL WALLACK’S THEATRE, Broadway—Tue Vateman: oF, Frasce amp ALGERIA. JRA KEENE'S THEATRE, No. 624 Broadway.—OoK cam QCOUSIN—LLOSTKATIONS OF THB Lire OF Wasi é °. BARNUMW’S AMERICAN MUSEOM, Broadway.—After noon and Kvening~ Neco MuxsrRRLsy—CURLOSITIES, £0. WOOD'S MINSTREL BUILDING. 561 and 665 B-onswa) ~ rmoriax Sones, Dances, £0. —Mystic Sreu.. BRYANTS’ MINSTRELS. MECHANICS’ HALL, 427 Broad way-—-Neco Songs avy Burixsaues—He Wourp ps AN Actor. “Wew York, Thursday, Febrasry 24, 1859, The News, Tn Congress yesterday the Senate wis enzaged until far into the night in an animated debate upon the political issues growing out of the inextin guishable Kansas question. The point uvier con- sideration was an amendment to the General Ap- propriation bill, offered by Mr. Hale, to repeal the restrictive clause of the Kansasadmission act. It will be seen by our telegraphic report that u!l the flemocratic Senators whose political tenets are re- garded as lacking in orthodoxy led th-mselves of the opportunity to define their positions. The amendment was rejected by a vote of nineteen to twenty-seven, and the bill finally passed. The House, in Comm'ttee of the Whole, disenssed the Post Office Appropriation bill. An amen ‘ment re- pealing the present tariff act, and reviving the act of 1846, also imposing specific duties on iron, was offered, but the chair ruled it out of order, and the decision, on appeal, was maintained by the House. The democratic Senators held a caucus yesterday forenoon, and agreed to-take up the Cuba bill on Friday, and continue in session until the question is settled so far as the Senate is concerned, by a direct vote. Its passage in the Senate is regarded as beyond doubt. The Legislature met last evening after several days recess, but no business of special importance was transacted. he State Temperance Society, which recently held a meeting at Albany, adopted an address con- demning the Excise law, the Metropolitan Police for not enforcing the law, and the State govern- ment for not compelling the police to enforce the law. The temperance men regard the law se- Jess, and desire its repeal. Some interesting particulars relative to the de- falcation in the Atlantic Bank of Broolyn, to which brief allusion was made in yesterday's money ar- ticle, are given in today’s Hexaup. It appears that the alleged defaulter was the paying teller of the institution—Mr. Oscar S. Field—who has held the office for the past six years, and who has hitherto been regarded asa model of probity. The amonat of money missing is estimated at from ten to fifty thousand dollars, though probably three-fourths of the last named sum is nearest the mark. Mr. Field absconded on the evening of Moudy last, and it is conjectured he is en route for Europe with his booty. The police detectives are in pursuit of him. The Republican Central Committee held an ad- journed meetiag last evening. An election was gone into for permanent Chairman for the ensuing year, and after fourteen successive ballots no choice was made, and the meeting adjourned until Monday next. Judge Peabody and D. D Conover were the competitors. The former gentleman had the largest number of votes at each balloting, and came within six votes of an election. The Board of Emigration Commissioners held their regular weekly mecting at the Worth street office, at the usnal hour yesterday afternoon. The ent shows a total of emigrants to the 02, compared with in 1858. The ce in bank on the Ist ult. was $5, nadded by passenger money, com- mutat &c., the sum of $7,950 43, making a total of $15,006 43. Disbursements and expenses to the 16th inst. show an expenditure of $17,706 50—evi. dencing an overdraft of $4,100 07. The appointment of the annual committees was postponed in conse- quence of the absence of the President. The Com- mittee on Castle Garden reported that they had made arrangements with the Comptroller for the leasing of that locality at the rate of $12,000 a year from the Ist of July next, when the present leases with the railroad companies will expire. The Board will, under the new arrangement, be responsible for the payment of the rent, and by this means a guard will be thrown around emigrants, who, on going out to the Western States, have frequently been largely defrauded. It is expected by some of the Commis- sioners that this action of the Board will put an end to all the complaints hithertoso justly made against Castle Garden. The trial of Abraham D. Thompson for the mur- der of Daniel Stackpole, at Harlem, is progressing rapidly in the Court of Sessions. A large number of witnesses was examined both for the prose- cution andthe defence, and the case will be closed to-day. The Police Commissioners yesterday dismissed from the Department, for the neglect of duty, J. P. Boyle, of the Twenty-third precinct; Abraham Webb, of the Seventeenth; Samuel Mortimer and Lorenzo Treadwell, of Eighteenth, for general neglect of duty. The resignation of C. M. Meserole, of the Tenth precinct, was accepted. No other but this fatiguing business was transacted, or at Joast made public. The receipts of beef cattle during the past week were slightly in excess of those of the week pre- vious, but prices remained about the same, the average being about 9} cents per pound. There ‘was no change of moment in other descriptions of stock. The cotton market was less buoyant yesterday, while prices were without quotable change. The transactions embraced about 1,000 bales. The dulness was attri buted in part to the anxiety to learn the purport of the Fimperor Napoleon's speech, which was to have been made on the Tth inat., and may be received at any mo- ment, by tho way of Halifax. The sales embraced about 1,000 valet, without quotable change in prices, Flour Closed with grenter firmness for the common and me- dium grades, while extra brands were unchanged. Sales Were made to A fair extent. Wheat was firmly held, while sales were moderate, Corn was firs er, and in fair activity at prices given in another column. Porl ‘was in better demand, at firmer rates, with sales of new mess at $18 26 a $18 37, 01d at 68%, and prime at * G18 200 $18 30. Tho salce of sugars embraced about 1,760 bhde. and small iots of boxes, all at rates given olae- where. Colfec was i fair demand at steaty pricos, ‘Trade in spices, iron, and some other article, was in abeyance, on account of the uncertainty regarding any Increase of duties likely to be adopted by Congress at the Present season ; and in some cases, whore an advance wn der the prospective change of the tariff had bees obtained, prices have again slightiy receded. Saies of coffee were ‘moderate and prices steady. Vreights steady, without Change of moment, while engagements were moderate, weekly state: bala which bas \ ame Last Week of This Congress—The Pro | The Financial Questions of Europe-New | pect Bofore Us, There are only seven business days remaining of this refractory Congress, and the bulk of its indispensable work remains yet to be done, An 4p ropriation bil! or two has been passed; but tbe proposed heavy items of retrenchment, in the civil list and the army and navy expendi- tures, are still to be arranged between the two houses. The tinal result will most probably be a very paltry exhibit in behalf of retrenchment aco reform, and a good deal of bnogling, caleu- ted to produce more mischief than good, in an increase instead of a reduction of the expendi- tures concerned. Assuming, however, that the regular appropriations will be passed, in some shape or other, sufficient to eke out the inter- Tregnum till next December, we have only to cou- sider the probable contingencies of the recess, lect of this Congress in refi the great leading measures, of a foreign and do- mestic character, embodied in the President's last annual message, Upon our international rela tt broaches a bold and decisive Ame concerning the intestine convulsions of the dying republic of Mexico, the complications of the af- fairs of the Central American States, and the “manifest destiny” of the island of Cuba, Upon the first and second of these three important subjects the President has, recently, in vain at- tempted to wake up the slumbering energies of Congress to the necessity of action; and the third—the thirty million bill—intended for active negotia ions, was, on Tuesday last, after hanging before the Senate for several weeks, set aside for the day. by tbe close vote of 33 to every Senator of every State being present, ex- cept Mr. Sumner, of Massachusetis. But the fate of this important measure will not be settled till to-morrow, when Mr. Slidell intends to call it up for a final vote. Considering the pressure ofthe regular appro- priations, with the items of retrenchment which they invelve, the probabilities are against the passage, at this session, of the Thirty Mil- lion bill. As for the milder proposition of Mr. Senator Mason, we can hardly discover in it any grant of executive power, or any initiatory movement, which does not already exist, or which may not be attempted without any special authority from Congress. Between the two stools, we apprehend the President’s clear and positive recommendations touching this Cuba question will fall to the ground. Nor, regarding the entanglements ‘of Mexico and Central and South America, does there appear any disposi- tion on the part of either house sufficient to justify a belief in any satisfactory measure of legislation, within the seven days’ grace remain- ing to this most demoralized and disorganized democratic Congress. Thus, in reference to the critical affairs of Mexi- co, the important concerns of Central and South America, touching our political and commercial satus in those couatries, and the paramount question of the annexation of Cuba, the Presi- dent, as it now appears, will be left substantially in the same comparatively helpless situation, with the adjournment of Congress, as he was shown to be on the first Monday in December. Should any exigency, therefore, arise during the ensuing nine months Congressional vacation, demanding the exercise of Executive power without an- thority, or the call of an extra session of the new Congress to grant the powers de- manded by the crisis, the alternative will depend entirely upon the President’s discretion. Thus, upon our foreign relations the question of an extra session will be subject to the contingen- cies which, from the active intrigues of France and England in Spain, Mexico and Central Ame- rica, may, at any moment, demaud the positive intervention and opposition of our government. Next, concerning our domestic affairs, the President has recommended the construction of renee to message | a Pacific Railroad, ander the authority of Coa- gress; a comprehensive and much needed ; general bankrupt law, and a modification of the tariff for the relief of the Tseasury, through those discriminations of specific duties which, while increasing the revenue from the customs, will, at the same time, afford an encou- raging item of protection to our home manufac- tures. Considering the Pacific Railroad as a thing laid upon the shelf, alongside the bank- rupt law, this tariff question, of these three snb- jects, alone remains to be settled. And here the shoe pinches both sides of the foot. The Penn- sylvania democracy of the House have taken a stand with the bulk of the opposition, ia favor of the President’s policy. They may thus be competent, with some concessions to “free woo! to carry their point in the House; but the anti- protection democratic majority of the Senate, from the Southern and Western States, have for- mally decreed that it is “inexpedient to disturb the existing tariff law during the present ses- sion;” and they will most likely stick to this decision There iva very powerful reason for this opinion. The next House of Representatives may have the important duty thrown upon it of electing the next President of the United States. The opposition in the Northern elections of last year have secured in that House so large a body of members that the democracy in the Southern States which will elect their members during the coming spring, summer and fall cannot afford to lose a single man. To secure the House against all accidents, they must make some important gains; and their margin for such gains is very limited. The people of the South—an agricul- tural people—are opposed to protective tariffs: their interests call for cheap goods, Should this democratic Congress, therefore, advance the tax- ation upon foreign imports to any appreciable extent, the fear is that it may most disastrously | damage the party in these approaching Southern elections for the next Congress, | Accordingly, we may consider the chances in favor ofa modification of the tariff at this cession as exceedingly slim—that, in short, the existing Jaw will not be touched. What then? Why, then, at the eleventh hour the party, to escape the responsibilities of an extra session on account of the treasury, will be compelled to push through a re-issue of treasury notes. This, from all pre- sent appearances, will be the “lame and impo- tent conclusion” of this wretched Congress of factious party leaders and scheming and unseru- pulous President making politicians. We rejoice that its diseolution is so near at hand ; for any- thing will be preferable, in the way of a change, to the administration and to the country. A Cavrion To Distinovisuzpy Visirens,—A writer in the Ledger, who saw and conversed with Kossuth last fall, says of him:-- When I saw him Inst fali, Kossuth talked with the deep. cet interest of American affair and of his visit 19 the Unit 0d States. Ie spoke freely of the errors into which he had been betrayed by his ignorance of our affairs, an Ly the ad vice of inderested friends, ‘This is at once a candid confession and a voice of warning to other distinguished visiters Who may come among us, York, and not London, Holds the Purse | Strings of the World, i In the present financial condition of Europe | there is much that throws a glimmering light | upon political events, and gives some indications of the course they may take, The sudden depreciation in the value of public sccurities in Europe, caused by a single frowa and angry tone of Louis Napoleon to the Aus- trian, Baron Hubner, on New Year's day, is esti- mated by English economists at five hundred millions of dollars, and it has carried alarm for the future into every monetary circle, We pub- lished, some time since, a table of these debts of the European governments, showing them to amount, in round numbers, to ten thousand mil- lions of dollars, and another, showing that, even if peace were maintained, these goveroments would require to borrow, during the present year, two bandred millions more. Russia, Aus tria and Sardinia are already in the market, but the complicated condition®f affairs has sadly dimivinished their chances of raising the wind. Russia can, probably, obtain what she requires com ber own subjects; bat on the Austrian and Sardinian Joans, John Bull, who holds the purse strings of Europe, looks ominously block. For Austria, with an income of 340,000,000 and a debt of $1,000,000,000, the Londou J'imes bas a bitter welcome, and in an article bufletting ber loan it asks the following pertinent, or, as they may be deemed in Europe, impertinent, questions :— What are the vast military monarchies of the Continent (hat the purse of England shonid ever be open to prop ap their aunatural system just at the moment when it seems to ents 3 under the overwhelming mass of its owo weight? Why should we be partners in so ra‘nous an uncertaking? Why sdoald the money acquired by 50 much taleot and won with so much enterprise be squap dered on the occasions of a government whose bigotry proseribrs the one and whose purrow prejudices strangle the otber ? But yet this same buffetted Austrian loan has perhaps a rod in pickle for John Bull, that may tingle when it is laid on. It is pretty evident— from the speech from the throne and the debates in Parliament on the address in reply—that, al- though the fate of Europe hangs on the nod of Louis Napoleon, neither the Queen of England nor the British Ministers, nor any one in the British Parliament, had, on the 5th day of February, any idea of what Louis Napoleon’s intentions were, or of what he would say to Europe on the 7th of the same month, when the French Chambers were to open This of itself proves that the British Cabinet at this time has little influence and holds but a second rate position in the councils that control Europe. And now let us see where the Austrian loan comes in. On the 3ist of January the Rothschilds adver- tised in London the Austrian loan, limiting the reception of bids to eleven o’clock on the 7th of February. Finding out afterwards that the Queen would give a know nothing specch on the state of Europe, they extended the term for the reception of bids until the 11th of February, which would give the moneyed world three days to subscribe after learning the tenor of the French Emperor's speech, to be de- livered on the 7th. If the speech is pacific the Joan will be taken, as it is equal to something over a six percent stock. Did the Rothschilds get an inkling of what the Emperor’s nod was to be on the 7th of February? Ifso, we shall begin to think that Austria, as well as France, knows more of the councils that govern Europe than England does ; and should it turn out that Louis Napoleon’s words are peaceful, the world will at once conclude that Baron Rothschild knew more of the true state of affairs in Europe, than did Queen Victoria and her Ministers when they opened Parliament on the Sth of February. As for John Bull’s holding the purse strings of Europe, we have also a word to say ou that subject. He holds the purse strings as long as the entente cordiale between England and the United States exists, and he is backed by New York; but the moment our backing fails him, he ceases to hold the purse strings of Europe. Great Britain belongs to the same class of military monarchies which the London Times characterises as “decaying under the overwhelm- ing mass of their own weight.” Her financial and commercial system, as well as that of every otber Power in Western Europe de- pends upon the cotton and tobacco of the United States and the sugar of Cuba and Brazil, products exclusively of slave labor. The mo- ment these great revenue and labor sources are stopped, or withdrawn from their present chan- nels from any cause whatever, England ceases to be the banker of Europe, and the revenues, as well as the war-making power of European go- vernments, will depend on the good will of the United States. The nations of Europe may break out at any moment in their war of annibi- lation against its thrones, but the Cabinets of Europe will not go to war against each other unless they feel that they are all right in regard to cotton, tobacco and sugar, and that New York will back whoever backs them. Tur Avpaxy Cenxtrauization System Ex- TENDED TO Brooksyy.—It seems that the system of centralization by which the functions of our local authorities have been usurped by the Legis- lature at Albany, by the creation of Commis- sioners to do this thing and that, which of right belongs to the Corporation and chief magistrate of the city, is extended to Brooklyn; and New York is not the only city that has reason to com- plain of this State despotism over municipal in- stitutions. The people of the sister city beyond the East river are in the same predicament with ourselves, A brace of bills, fartively intro- duced, are now before the Legislature, by which the act appointing the Water Commissioners of Brooklyn is proposed to be changed ina man- ner contrary to the original intention of the people, and contrary to their wishes at present; and the Commissioners themselves are working and lobbying at Albany to have the alteration effected, not for the benefit of the people, but for their own benefit, or the benefit of their friends, The bills provide for the creation of a permanent Water Board of three members, to be selected by the present Commissioners, who will no doubt eelect themselves, or some of their shadows; and these three men—a despotic trium- virate—are to regulate and manage the whole business, without any control over them. But not content with this, they are to be a board of Sewerage Commissioners besides, and to have an equally irresponsible and unlimited power over the sewerage of the city, We have said that the Brooklynites are suffer- ing in common with ourselves; but there is this difference: We, in New York, are so used to the tyranny that, like patient beasts of burden, we submit to it without complaint; whereas our neighbors are not yet sufficiently inured to the yoke to stand quietly under it. Such is the in- dignation felt that a mecting has been called for this evening, at the Brooklyn City Hall, to de- nounce the whole business, and to insist that the departure from the original contract for the wa- ter worke will not be tolerated, that the cost shall not be increased, and that the power in the whole matter shall be vested in the Common Council, where it properly belonga. We are glad to see this step; it is just what was wanted, and we hope that all putriotio and good citizens, irrespective of party, will attend the meeting, and give it weight. Tayine Our or Wasutoton Herours.—In | another part of this day’s Herat will be found the second petition (with the accompanying act) presented to the Legislature, and signed by the property ewners in the region known by the Post Office Jaws as “Washington Heights,” ask- ing for the appointment of commissioners to lay out the avennes and cross streets of that beauti- «1 faubourg according to the patural configura- tion of the ground. The act accompanying this petition is better than the former one, which we publiched a week ago, because it names the com- missioners, whose character and whose interest in the land are guarantees that they will do no thing fraudulent in the premises; whereas, by the other act, which left a blank for the names of the commissioners, the blank might be filled up by men in every way objectionable, and who would inflict heavy taxation upon the proprie- tors, and atthe sume time lessen the value of the property by destroying the natural beauty of the ground. If the act, which we publist to-day, be adopted, this calamity will Me pre- vented. But what we would much prefer, aud what would be still better, would be to call a meeting of the proprietors, who could lay out the ground hemselves, and present their plan to the Legis- lature for adoption. The whole thing could be done in a week, without any necessity for com- wissioners, and without any risk of the grounds being spoiled, or laid ont contrary to the wishes of those who have the deepest interest in them. The matter involves a question of judgment and taste as well as integrity. At the lower end of the Central Park the streets are laid out and graded in a way that will render them extremely un- healtby for years to come, being filled up with materials taken from anywhere, without regard to proper drainage, and reducing the whole to one dead level, in violation both of the laws of nature and of health. To lay out by the rectan- gular system such a city as Philadelphia, which is all one plain, may do very well, for no other alternative is left. But in New York, where there are natural elevations, with granite rocks and springs, that system is inapplicable, and the natural configuration of the ground ought to be followed. It has been laid out by God Almighty himself, and man will not find it safe or profitable to violate his laws. Now, the region of Washington Heights is thus laid out. Nature has given it both health and beauty, and all that is wanted is not to interfere with nature, but to obey her dictates. The land on that elevated plateau is every day rising in value. A few weeks ago some of the property of the late General Bogardus sold for $3,000 per acre, being seventy-five per cent beyond what it would have brought four years before. Now, the whole land in that region is worth $5,000 per acre for elegant building sites, and in ten or fifteen years it will bring $20,000 per acre. Let no commissioners, therefore, appointed by the intrigues of the lobby, or the harpies and vultures that hover around all euch jobs and spoils, lay their unclean hands uponit, The owners themselves are the best judges of what suits their own interests in one of ihe most de- lightful suburbs in the world. Let the Legisla- ture do nothing. Royat Marriacrs—Our late European pa- pers state that the King of Sardinia is about to marry again, and that his choice has fallen upon the Russian Grand Duchess, Maria Nicolajewna, eldest daughter of the Emperor Nicholas, who NEW YORK HERALD, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 1859. was born in 1819, and is the widow of Maxi- | milian, Duke of Leuchtenberg and Prince of Kichstadt, who died in 1852, The Grand Dnchoss is at this moment in Rome. The Ki it is added, charged the Marquis Alieri with making his wishes known to the Priacess, who received the advances in the most en- couraging way. The Grand Duchess has a son, seven years of age, by her first hushand, and is a few months older than King Victor Emanuel; yet she is still considered as one of the most handsome Princesses in Europe. Her first husband was the youngest son of Hagene Beaubarnais, the adopted son of Napoleon the First. Eugene married the eldest daughter of the King of Bavaria. Now she inarries the reigning prince of the house of Savoy, whose daughter has just wedded a Prince of the Napo- leon family. The alliance is really one between France, Sardinia and Russia, and, efter the old fashioned way of looking at such things, would be considered vastly important. It fol- lows qnickly upon the union of the Prince of Prussia with the Princess Royal of England, and Victor Emmanuel evidently intends that people shall understand that, although he has a daugh- ter old enough to be married, he has not yet gone upon the retired list. The marriage will make work for the tailors, milliners, jewellers, confectioners, cooks and coachmakers, and increase the annual budget of Sardinia; but otherwiso it is of no more consequence than a union between the daughter of a Wall strect banker and the son of a South street shipping merchant. The elder Napoleon tried to strengthen his dynasty by a wholesale system of weddings; but his royal relatives were of no value to him in the time of ‘need. The present Emperor pro- fited by his uncle’s experience, and married from inclination rather than policy. He was the first reigning sovereign to avow that the matrimonial affairs of an Emperor were as much his private affairs as the wedding of a ploughman; and this course rather strengthened his hands, which might have been weakened by union with any of the tumble-down dynasties of the Continent. The Emperor of the French, a parvenn, married to a woman without a drop of royal blood in her veins, stands to-day the most powerful man in Europe, and gan make sport of kings whose pedigreas go back a thousand years and more. Closely allied as the royal fumilies are, they would divide at once, in the event of a general war; and, there- tore, a royal marriage, once a terrible thing, is now Of no consequence, except to the partics concerned. In fact, very few reigning princes have anything to do with the management of public affairs, and therefore they may marry or be given in marriage as often as they please. Tf Victor Emmanuel had proposed to a person of the name of Smith, instead of the daughter-in- law of Eugene Beauharnais, and the sister of the Emperor of Russia, the effect on Nuropean poli- tics would have been the same; i. ¢., there would have been no effect whatsoever, Escration ro Tun W eaters Gov Reaions.— Every indication trom the gold regionsof the West foresbadows ap immense emigration in that direction during the approaching summer. From all quarters of the country, the young, the hardy and the adventurous are looking to the tempting prospects held out there. In staid New England and in “chivalrous” Kentucky, alike, parties of emigrants are organizing. Since the discovery of gold at Pike’s Peak and Cherry Creek it is probable that some seven or eight thousand people bave settled in those localities. In the vicinity of Cherry Creek quite a village has alrendy grown up, having a population of some fifteen hundred, There is very little doubt, judging from the reports of army officers and other reliable persons, that gold really exists there, and perhaps in great abundance. If it be 0, the emigration of the coming season will fairly develope the auriferous qualities of the soil, for we doubt not that at least seventy-five thousand adventurers, from the East and from the West, will turn their faces towards it in the coming spring. If these Western territories should fulfil the promises they now hold forth, and should prove as rich inmineral wealth as California, Oregon and the Fraser river districts, the next census will sbow some extraordinary fucts with re- ference to the comparative population of different sections of this country. We know that, subsequent to the California emigration, the census exhibited a considerable diminution in the per centage of increase in some of the At- lantic States, and even a positive decrease in the population of some of the counties in the State of New York. And the same thing was mani- fested at the time that the agricultural wealth of the now settled Western and Northwestern States was enticing emigration from the East. Within the ten years which have elapsed since the dis- covery of gold in California the population of that State has increased from twenty-six thou- sand to over half a million. In that time, from one to two millions of people have passed to and from California from the East—some to become a portion of its regular population; some to carry the spirit of enterprise which sent them forth still further along the shores of the Pacific, into fresher fields; some to realize their dreams and return independent, and some to die, with the coveted cup of prosperity half raised to their lips, Looking at the prospects which Kansas and Nebraska, Arizona and British Columbia now present, in connection with the growing spirit of enterprise manifesting itself in all portions of the country, itcan be matter of no surprise to the far-seeing should the great Pacific slope su- persede the Atlantic side of the continent, as the centre of population, before many years have passed away. THE LATEST NEWS. Caucus of Democratic Senators Relative to the Public Business, The Thirty Million Bill to be Brought to a Vote. Protracted Discussion in the Senate on Political Toples, &., &e., &e. Our Special Washington Despatch. ANOTHER SENATORIAL CAUCUS ON THE CUBA BILL— INCREASE OF POSTAGE—CABINET MEETING ON MEXICAN AFFAIRS—RETRENCHMENT 1N THE ARMY, ETC. Wastrxoton, Feb. 23, 1859. A caucus of democratic Senators was beld this morning, to determine upon the course to be pursued with regard to the Cuba bill and other business. It was decided to take the bill up on Friday, and continue in session till a vote is had, if the opposition should bold out even till Sunday. The bill will pass as reported by Mr. Slidell. Mr. Mason’s amendment meets with no democratic favor. It was algo decided to favor increasing letter postage to ! five cents, Even should this increase puss the Senate, it ia not believed it can pasa the House. Considerable conversation ensued on the question of the tariff, and it was unanimously acknowledged that there must be a change in the tariff, the general feeling being in favor of a temporary re-establishment of the act of 1846. This is a highly important stop, and will have marked effect on the House. At a meeting of the Committee on Ways and Means to- day, a motion to report the three proposed tariff bills was lot. Tho Penneylvania dologation agreed in caucus toway to ‘vote against all appropriation bills ull the tariff is amend- ed. A Cabinet meeting was held to-day. It is understood the subject of Mexico was fully discussed, The propriety of sending to Congress a moseage to expedite public busi- ness was also considered. No determination has yet been reached as to the recoguition of President Juarez’s govern- ment, but it is the impression Senor Mata will be re- ceived. If the United States do not act promptly Mexico will soon be a mere dependency of England, ‘The Army Retrenchment Board are collecting such infor- mation as will enable them to suggest practical amond- ments in the present system. They find it extremely dif- ficult to acquiese in all the reforms suggested by the Secre- tary of War. It will be some time before the ‘Board can report. ‘The Post Office Appropriation bill will be reported to the House in the morning. ‘Tho Investigating Committee of Accounts met this morn- ing and examined Mr. Simonton as to the charges he had preferred in his correspondenco in the Zimes. He stated that he had procured his information from Thompson and Fitzhugh. The committee will make a unanimous report exonerating every member of the Committee of Accounts, and a resolution that the witnesses shall be prosecuted for perjury. A CARD FROM J. W. FIT: TO THE EDITOR OF THR W Wasinvaroy, Feb. 28, 1859, ‘The statement of your Washington correspondent, pub- lished to-day, that Mr, Searing introduced before the Com- mittee of Investigation an affidavit from me contradicting my testimony, is totally erroncous, I baye neither signed nor given any adfidavit in the case. J, W. FITZHUGH. THR GENFRAL NEWSV'APER DESVATCH, Wastixarow, Feb, 23, 1859, ‘The bill heretofore reported by Senator Green, and which he intends to call up as soon as opportunity will admit, combines the outlines of territorial govern- ments both for Dacotah and Arizona, making them “twin sisters.” When admitted as States, it shall be “with or without slavery, as their constitutions may prescribe.” The Fogitive Slave taw is to be extended w Dacotah, and the laws passed by a recent Legislative Assembly there to be in force until repented by the Legislature authorized by this bill. The constitution and all United States laws not locally inapplicable to have Uae same force and effect within the Torritory of Arizona as elaowhero within the United States, In each Territory the right of suffrage and holding office shall be exercised only by white male citi- zens of tho United States, actual residents. Tho suffrage in Arizona algo extends to those recognized as citizens by tho treaties with Mexico, The number of acres acquired by tho recent troaty with the Yancton tribe of Dacotah Iodians is twoive instead of ten millions, for which the United States agroo to pay five cents an acre. A public document shows that as far as the Unitel States bas undertaken tho survey of the sconst the pro green bas been entirely satisfactory, more than half of the Atlantic and Gulf const of the United States having been completed in leas than twenty-five yoars, giving fair promise of completion of the fieid work in ten or twolve years more. In point of expense (ue operations Lavo enone been less than similar ones in Europe, besitua being more expeditiously competed. The survey has beem extended in every sesboerd State aud Territory of this countey, THIRTY-FI¥TH CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION. Senate, Wasuiscroy, Feb. 23, 1889, The Vico President lald before the Senate the anaual re port of the Smitheoulan Institution, Mr. Houston, (opp.) of Texas, gave notice that be would ask the indulgence of the Sonste on Monday, te make a persoual explanation, Mr. Heyer, (adm.) of Va., introduced a resolution that the Senate again meet at eleven o'clock daily, Latd over. BRANCH 3UNT AT NEW YORK. Mr. Kuna, (opp.) of N. Y., gave notice that be will to morrow, or some subsequent day, introduce » bill to establish @ branch Mint at the Assay Office, New York. THR THIRTY MILIOM BILL, Mr, Supets, (adm ) of La., gave notice that on Friday noon be will call up the bill for the acquisition of Cuba for u tinal vote. THY LEGISLATIVE, EXECUTIVE AND JUDICIAL APPROPRIATION BILI-—DERATE ON THE POLITICAL POSITION OF PAKTIEN, This bill came up as the special order. The queation re curred on Mr. Hale’s amendment t repeal the restricting clavse of the Kanea ission act. Mich., ead he would vote against requiring & ceusus of Kupsas to be takea. Mr. Sewaxp, (opp ) of N. Y., said Congress had declared that Kapeus sbouid come in with the Lecompton coustite. ‘ion without reference to population, but on the other hand should pot come in outaue of the Lecomptia copstisution uniest abe had 92.400 population. ‘There was herefore a ciecrimination by the Cougress of the United ainet freedom avd in favor of slavery Ore e she wasa democratic State, was admitted without reference to population, and Kansas, because of her ciffevent politica, was excluded. Ho was’ glad of thie occasion to renew his voto. He was glad also to hear that £0 many gentlemen ob the other side will give Kansas a fair bearing. It indicates that the time is coming whoa any State applying for admission will be heard on ite merits, apart trom all otber considerations. He thought it goes to show that if Texas should be divided, or free States, as he thought there wouid, be formed in Mexico, they will come in as free States, Mr. Bxowy, (adin ) of Miss., made a strong Southern speech. Mr brown held to the doctrine of States rignts, denied the squetter sovereignty of Territories, aud threat ened seceesion, with banners flying, it the South was de prived of her rights. His address was directed to North- ern democrate. He placed his views fraukly oa rgvord, and desired neither to cheat nor be cheated. Mir. Dovctas, (opp.) of IIL, feit it incumbent on him aa a Northern democrat to make a reply. He admired the frankness, candor and directness with which Mr. Brown had approached the question, He (Dougias), too, would put his opinions ou record ip such a taanner as will acquit him also of a desire to cheat or be cheated. He agreed at the outset with bir. Brown, and with the decision of the Supremo Court, that ‘slaves are property, aad that their owners have a right to carry’ thom into the Territories, a8 any other property. Hav- ing the right of Wansit into the Territory, the question arises bow far does the power of the Terrivorial Legisia- ture extend to slave property?—and the reply is, to the same extent, avd no farther, than toany other deseription of property. Mr. Brown bas said that slave property needs more protection than avy other descriptiou. if sv, it is the misfortune of the owners ofjthat kind of property. Mr. Douglas’ remarks, from the frequent interruptions, assumed Bo much the form of question and reply aud run. ning comments on the various issues started, that wo caa only notice the salient points of the main discussion, which extended throughout many hours, he sustaining the prin. cipal part. His general scope was that he would leave all descriptions of property, slaves inciud- ed, to the operation of the local law, aud would not have Congress interfere in any way therewith. If the people of the Territory want slavery there they will foster and enopurage it, and if they do not fled itfor their advantage thoy will do otherwise. So it becomes a question of soil, climate, pro- ductions, &c. He illustrated by saying that if any dis- crim:nation 1s to be made between descriptions of proper- ty, the owner of stock or liquora, or apy other might claim it likewise. After some other illustrations, he w-nt fnto a discussion of the ;Nebraska bill, which, he said, was passed by a distinct understanding betwoou the Northern and Southorn democrats, however differin, on some points, to give the Territorial Legislature the fuil power, with a) to the Supreme Court to test the con. atitutionality of any law, but not to Congress to rogeal it. If the Court decides such law to be constitutional, it muse siand—if not, it must fall tothe ground without action of Congress. That doctrine of non-intervention by Con- grees with slavery in tho States and Territories has boen ‘8 fundamental principle of the democratic platform, and every democrat is pledged wo it by the Cincinnati piat- form. Here Mr. Douglas, in reply to a question by Mr. pay Ehebg nae ae the remark that, acco: Mr, nag! terprotation, equatter sovereignty is superior to the Constitution), said that the limit of territorial logis- lation is the organic act and the constitution. In reply to Mr. Clay’s question, ‘Can a slaveboldor take his slave property into the Territory?” he would reply Ey and old it as other property. To the question, ‘ Will Con- other kinds of property in the toate Oe pagel Fe osggead 00; for pol doctrine it es on property and persons without representation is the doctrine of the Parliament of George the Third that brought on the Revolutionary war. We said then it was a violation of the righta of power to assume ai for Englishmen without their consent through Pee Sarre Now, was he (Douglas) to be called on to force this same odious doctrine on people of the Territories without their consent? Ho answered, No Let them govern themselves; if they make good laws, let thom enjoy the blessings; if bad, let them suffer until they aro repealed. Referring to the great battle fought aud gained in 1854 and 1856, he said he would like to know how many votes Mr. Buchanan would have got in Pennaylva- xia or Ohio if he had then understood the doctrine of po- pular sovereignty as he claims to do now? Mr. Bicier, (adm ) of Pa.,asked how many votes Mr. Bu- chanan would have received in 1856 bad the Senator from Illinois, and those who acted with him, told the peopie that the Kansas act was not intended 'to extend to the Territories the sacred right of self government, but simply to give the people the right to petition for redress of Frierances, right not denied to any citizen, white or lack ¥ Mr. Doverss said there are no colored citizens, and he trusted in God there never would be. He did not recog- nise the blacks as brothers, Mr. BiGier knew that as well as the Senator, aud should have said inyabitants. Mr. Doveias resumed. In 1856 he took the same ground 2s now, and Mr. Buchanan, when he acospted the nomination, took the same ground. His letter of accept- ance to the Cincinnati Coavention shows that he thea un- derstood that the people of the Territories should decide whetber slavery should or should not exist within their hmits. When gentlemen called for Congressional inter ven- tion they step olf the democratic platform. He (Dourlas) asserted that the democratic creed was non-intervention by Congress, aud the right of the people to gover thom- selves. He would frankly teil geutiemen of tae Souta that no democratic candidate can carry oue State North but on the principles of the Cincinnati’ platform as con- straed by Mr. Buchanan when he accepted bis nomina- ee, and which he (Douglas) stood here to day to de- fend. ‘Mr. Davis, (adm.) of Miss., replied to Mr. Dougias ela. borately, denying that he (Dougias) rightly interpreted the obligations of the democratic party. Mr. Puan, (adm.) of Obio, said Mr. Brown had asked if Nortbern democrats would vote for Congressional intervention to protect the people against lo- cal legislation. He would answer, never. It ig Tmonsirous. It is against the pledged faith both of the South and North, Mr. Pugh discussed the question at length, and said he stood on the platform of his party with the interpretation which he explained, Mr. GReRN, (ndm.) of Mo, was sorry taat this subject of contention had been brought forward. It was to and brmg. discord into the democratic party, the only party ablo to override the republican party. ’ Eo hoped and believed there was no difference between the North and the South. A government is formed to protect per- sons and property, and when it ceases to do either it ceases to perform jts one great function. Mr. Hule’s amendment had brought up the question, “What ts pro- perty?”’ He (Green) maintained that under the constl- tution, and by the decision of the Supreme Court, slaves are property; and he argued the subject in many as} conciuding by calling on the democratic party to stand united and “not permit a combination to make uso of a mere figment to disorganize them. In the course of his remarks he quoted from Mr. Douglas’ Springfield epeech, to show that ho had therein proposed Congressional intervention ia Utah. He could not see the consistency of the Senator’s course then and now. Mr. Doveas denied that he had proposed Congressional intervention to regulate the internal affairs of Utah. The intervention be proposed was alone on the ground of re- bellion—not on account of their domostic affairs, but as alieos and revels, Mr. Grexy, in speaking of how territorial tegialation could destroy the rights of slave property, gaid te had before bim # copy of the bill passed by the Kansas Legis- lature to abolish slavery. Mr. Dovatas rked that several speeches had been made — very _ point at him, making him ovt no bettor than abolitionist for leaving the Territories to carry out their own affairs. It does well to attack ono man for his opinion; but when was the most aggravated act ever committed ‘that he did not say it was committed in manumittiog your slaves and confiscating your property? The genticmman who spoke thus says “itis not yet time.” Chere is no better time than the present to introduce a bill to repeal that act of the Kansas Legislature. Senators say he (Douglas) may go out. No; he stands on the platform, and it ia {or those who jump off to go out, (Laughter.) DHAIR called the Senate to order, threatening to galleries unlovs it was maintained, Mr. Guxky said he had received information of the bill by telegraph, but could not legislate on Such informa. tion, Mr. Dovoras would take it for granted that Mr. Green Meant thathe had received authentic information, and would Introduce f bill to repeal the act i Mr. Gunny eaid that if be could protect property in other way bo would bring iow bill'and expoor to tients be vote of Mr. Douglas on the principle of his Springfield epeech. Mr. Mason, (ndm.) of Va., had fondly hoped that tho Nebraska: Kansas bill, by which tho Senate made a conces- sion, would bave setted the slavery question. Ue was istaken—he would not say deceived. The South, he tantly acquierced in the movement with rats of tho North, to settle the question, some length into a discussion and appro- the decision of tbe Supreme Court in of Pred Scott, Ho did pot agreo with Senator Houglas’ views as to the power of tae people of a Terri. wry, and did not believe that the Nebraska Kansas bill gave them independent power, The Senator from Vir+ hen gave his ideas as to the people of the Territories ¢ people of the States. The right of progerty is recognized in the former, but the inhabitants of i Terri tory are unknown to the constitution, Congress caunot divest itself of Its power over the property of the Terri- tories, but tt ean grant them nothing. South of the Poto- yao river to the coutines of Mexico there 18 not one dit